CN114128797A - Fermented feed for deer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fermented feed for deer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention provides a fermented feed for deer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fermented feeds. The fermented feed consists of a leavening agent and a feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of bean dregs, 15-20 parts of corn straw powder, 10-12 parts of raw seedling powder, 8-10 parts of jujube powder, 10-15 parts of bran and 6-8 parts of bean pulp. The invention also provides a preparation method of the fermented feed for deer. The fermented feed can promote the growth and development of animals, and improve the feed conversion rate and the animal resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermented feed, and particularly relates to fermented feed for deer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Deer is a precious medicinal and edible animal in China and has high economic value. Deer is a ruminant and has the digestion physiological characteristics of a reverse animal like cattle and sheep. Wild deer eat Artemisia argyi, shrubs, young branches and leaves, fallen leaves, fresh mosses and the like, and in order to improve the production level of the domesticated deer, the feed consists of two major parts, namely concentrated feed and coarse feed. The concentrated material is prepared from corn, bean cake (soybean meal), semen Tritici Aestivi, etc.; the coarse fodder mainly comprises green leaves, tender branches, pasture, silage, hay, crop straws and the like. The traditional antler deer breeding mode has high labor cost, single feed variety and high nutritional diseases, and is not suitable for the development requirement of the current antler deer breeding industry.
Therefore, the search for improvements and the capability of replacing the traditional feeding and breeding method becomes the focus of research and attention of researchers. The fermented feed is a product which is easier to be absorbed and digested by livestock and poultry by artificially controlling the conversion and decomposition of anti-nutritional factors in the feed and auxiliary materials through the self metabolic activity of one or more microorganisms. Such as organic acid, digestive enzyme, small peptide, vitamin, growth promoting factor, free amino acid, etc., not only can improve the digestive absorption capacity of gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry, but also can maintain the steady state of the micro-ecological environment, keep the intestinal health, improve the immunity of livestock and poultry, etc. The fermented feed belongs to a new feed, and the feed contains a plurality of substances beneficial to animals, can promote the growth and development of the animals, improve the feed conversion rate and the resistance of the animals, simultaneously control the breeding cost, reduce the occurrence of diseases, provide a safe and sanitary feeding environment for the animals, and has higher integral application value.
The use of fermented feed has become a popular research topic in recent years. The protein feed is produced by using the mixed bacteria solid state fermentation bean dregs in the Mureconstructu, and the optimal process condition is obtained, and the crude protein content in the fermented bean dregs product can reach 29.76 percent and is increased by 43.07 percent compared with the original product. Zhang wenjia utilizes bean dregs with 65 percent of water content as a fermentation raw material, utilizes strain mixed fermentation of a candida utilis and geotrichum candidum fermentation system, selects the optimal fermentation condition of solid state fermentation through an orthogonal experiment, obviously increases the protein content, and improves the protein content to 29.88 percent compared with unfermented bean dregs; the neutral detergent fiber is changed from 38.36% to 34.57% after fermentation; rumen degradation tests show that compared with fermentation raw materials, the effective rumen degradation rate of dry matters, neutral detergent fibers and proteins of fermentation products is improved; the effective degradation rate of dry matters is improved, and the rumen effective degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber of a fermentation product is improved to 52.77%; the effective degradation rate of the crude protein is obviously improved. The inert research and the like adopt fermented bean dregs to feed the pork pigs, the pork pigs grow fast, the survival rate is high, the morbidity is low, and the odor of excrement is obviously reduced, the method not only solves the trouble brought by feeding cooked bean dregs, but also can greatly improve the palatability and the conversion rate of coarse feed, and the feed cost is saved by more than 20%. Poplar swiftlet and the like utilize microecologics and yeast to ferment the bean dregs, and the fermented bean dregs are used for feeding Laiwu black pigs, so that the nutrition of the feed can be increased, the disease resistance of the pigs can be improved, the meat quality can be improved, and meanwhile, remarkable economic benefits can be obtained.
The traditional antler deer breeding mode has high labor cost, single feed variety and high nutritional diseases, and is not suitable for the development requirement of the current antler deer breeding industry. By research on development of new feed resources and integration of new techniques for raising deer, the method not only respects physiological characteristics of animals, but also scientifically and reasonably utilizes scientific and technological development achievements of modern nutriology, and is a key for realizing scientific, efficient and healthy breeding of deer and breaking through the neck-clipping technology in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fermented feed for deer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed can promote the growth and development of animals and improve the feed conversion rate and the animal resistance.
The invention firstly provides a fermented feed for deer, which consists of a leaven and a feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of bean dregs, 15-20 parts of corn straw powder, 10-12 parts of raw seedling powder, 8-10 parts of jujube powder, 10-15 parts of bran and 6-8 parts of bean pulp.
Preferably, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
35 parts of bean dregs, 18 parts of corn straw powder, 11 parts of raw seedling powder, 9 parts of jujube powder, 12 parts of bran and 7 parts of bean pulp.
Preferably, the volume of the leavening agent is mL: the mass kg of the feed is 1: 1.
preferably, the leaven is obtained by diluting with 20 kg of water per 1000 mL/bottle.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fermented feed for deer, which comprises the following steps:
according to the weight parts, the bean dregs, the corn straw powder, the seedling growing powder, the jujube powder, the bran and the bean pulp are mixed and stirred uniformly, the leavening agent is sprayed on the surface of the feed uniformly, and the feed is filled into a fermentation barrel to be sealed, compacted and fermented, so that the fermented feed for deer is obtained.
Preferably, the fermentation is carried out by adding ultrapure water and sealing and compacting.
Preferably, the fermentation is carried out under anaerobic sealed conditions.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 20-26 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-20 days.
The invention has the advantages of
The invention provides a fermented feed for deer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the protein in the fermented feed can be effectively degraded into small peptides, amino acids and the like which are easier to digest and absorb, so that the content of amino acid nitrogen in the fermented feed is greatly improved, and meanwhile, a large amount of organic acid can be generated in the fermentation process, thereby effectively inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria and enhancing the disease resistance of animals. In addition, the rich sour flavor is generated after fermentation, and the deer is more lovely to eat, so that the feed intake of the deer is improved; the fermented feed disclosed by the invention is rich in various active probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria and the like, can promote the balance of animal intestinal flora, improve the digestion and absorption capacity of animal intestinal tracts, has the effects of preventing and treating intestinal diseases, and is beneficial to the health of animals. The invention adopts a solid state fermentation mode, and the sewage discharge in the fermentation process is very little, thereby reducing the environmental pollution. In addition, the fermented feed can keep the balance of intestinal flora of animals, has a control effect on bacterial diseases in animal bodies, reduces the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus in excrement, reduces the emission of odor and harmful gas, relieves the pollution of cultivation to the surrounding environment, does not need special equipment in the fermentation process, is simple in whole fermentation process, has less investment, can be directly mixed into the feed for feeding, and has very high economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The invention firstly provides a fermented feed for deer, which consists of a leaven and a feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of bean dregs, 15-20 parts of corn straw powder, 10-12 parts of raw seedling powder, 8-10 parts of jujube powder, 10-15 parts of bran and 6-8 parts of bean pulp. Preferably 35 parts of bean dregs, 18 parts of corn straw powder, 11 parts of raw seedling powder, 9 parts of jujube powder, 12 parts of bran and 7 parts of bean pulp.
According to the invention, the volume of the leavening agent is mL: the feed preferably has a mass kg of 1: 1, the leaven is obtained by diluting with 20 kg of water per 1000 mL/bottle. The leavening agent is commercially available, preferably Zhengzhou wang nongbao biotechnology limited, and mainly comprises various active ingredients such as lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, amylase, protease, organic acid and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fermented feed for deer, which comprises the following steps:
according to the weight parts, the bean dregs, the corn straw powder, the seedling growing powder, the jujube powder, the bran and the bean pulp are mixed and stirred uniformly, the leavening agent is sprayed on the surface of the feed uniformly, the feed is filled into a fermentation barrel to be sealed and compacted for fermentation, and the water content is controlled to be 40% -60% during fermentation, so that the fermented feed for deer is obtained.
According to the invention, the fermentation is carried out by adding ultrapure water, sealing and compacting, preferably under the condition of oxygen-free sealing, wherein the fermentation temperature is preferably 20-26 ℃, and the fermentation time is preferably 15-20 days.
The fermented feed obtained by the invention can be directly fed.
The present invention is further illustrated by reference to the following specific examples, in which the starting materials are all commercially available.
Example 1
A fermented feed for deer is composed of a leavening agent and a feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components:
30g of bean dregs, 15g of corn straw powder, 10g of raw seedling powder, 8g of jujube powder, 10g of bran and 6g of bean pulp.
According to the proportion, bean dregs, corn straw powder, seedling growing powder, jujube powder, bran and bean pulp are mixed and stirred uniformly, a leaven (purchased from Zhengzhou Wang nongbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) is added with water in proportion, mixed and diluted (20 kg of water is added in each 1000 mL/bottle), 2000 jin of feed can be fermented according to each 1000mL of leaven, the leaven is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the feed, the feed is filled into a fermentation barrel, ultrapure water is added, the fermentation is sealed and compacted, the fermentation is carried out under the anaerobic sealed condition, the water content is controlled to be 40% -60% during the fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 15 days, and the fermented feed for deer is obtained.
Example 2
A fermented feed for deer is composed of a leavening agent and a feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components:
35g of bean dregs, 18g of corn straw powder, 11g of raw seedling powder, 9g of jujube powder, 12g of bran and 7g of bean pulp.
According to the proportion, bean dregs, corn straw powder, seedling growing powder, jujube powder, bran and bean pulp are mixed and stirred uniformly, a leaven (purchased from Zhengzhou Wang nongbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) is added with water in proportion, mixed and diluted (20 kg of water is added in each 1000 mL/bottle), 2000 jin of feed can be fermented according to each 1000mL of leaven, the leaven is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the feed, the feed is filled into a fermentation barrel, ultrapure water is added, the fermentation is sealed and compacted, the fermentation is carried out under the anaerobic sealed condition, the water content is controlled to be 40% -60% during the fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 15 days, and the fermented feed for deer is obtained.
Example 3
A fermented feed for deer is composed of a leavening agent and a feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components:
40g of bean dregs, 20g of corn straw powder, 12g of raw seedling powder, 10g of jujube powder, 15g of bran and 8g of bean pulp.
According to the proportion, bean dregs, corn straw powder, seedling growing powder, jujube powder, bran and bean pulp are mixed and stirred uniformly, a leaven (purchased from Zhengzhou Wang nongbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) is added with water in proportion, mixed and diluted (20 kg of water is added in each 1000 mL/bottle), 2000 jin of feed can be fermented according to each 1000mL of leaven, the leaven is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the feed, the feed is filled into a fermentation barrel, ultrapure water is added, the fermentation is sealed and compacted, the fermentation is carried out under the anaerobic sealed condition, the water content is controlled to be 40% -60% during the fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, the fermentation time is 15 days, and the fermented feed for deer is obtained.
Example 4 feeding experiment
80 adult sika deer stags were selected and divided into four groups of 20, and the fermented feed of example 2 was fed from 1 month of 2021 and ended at 31 days of 5 months of 2021. And respectively counting the antler falling time and antler yield. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of fermented feed on the growth of deer antler
| Experiment group feed (kg/day) | Antler falling time shortening (Tian) | Head crop antler yield (jin) |
| Group A (fermented feed 1.5kg + cooked corn 1kg) | 3 | 3.91 |
| Group B (fermented feed 2kg + cooked corn 0.5kg) | 6 | 4.14 |
| Group C (fermented feed 2.5kg) | 17 | 4.37 |
| Control group (ripe corn 2.5kg) | 0 | 4.01 |
As a result, the dropping of antler caps can be improved to a certain extent by feeding the fermented feed, and the antler yield can be improved. When the cooked corn is replaced by 2.5kg of fermented feed, the antler cap can fall off in advance for 17 days, the yield of the antler is improved by 9 percent, and the culture benefit is obviously improved.
Example 5
And (3) selecting 90 adult sika deer antlers, dividing the sika deer antlers into three groups, feeding the fermented feed of the example 2 from 2021 in 2 months, ending at 2021 in 6 months and 30 days, and continuously observing the diarrhea condition of the one-month-born deer after the feeding is finished. Respectively counting the difficult yield of the sika deer and the diarrhea rate of the young deer. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of fermented feed on the delivery of the female deer and the health of the young deer
The result shows that the difficulty yield of the stag and the diarrhea rate of the stag can be reduced to a certain extent by feeding the fermented feed. When 2.5kg of fermented feed is used for replacing cooked corn, the difficult yield of the stag is reduced to 6.7 percent, the diarrhea rate of the young deer is 10 percent, the survival rate of the subsequent young deer is effectively guaranteed, and the culture benefit is improved.
Example 6
According to 50 stags of deer, the cost of the cooked corn consumed by each deer every day is 10 yuan, the cost of the fermented feed is 7.5 yuan, the cost of one deer is saved by 2.5 yuan, and the cost of 50 deer is saved by 125 yuan every day. Meanwhile, the fermented feed can be stored for a long time after being fermented once, can be directly fed every day, can be fed after 1 hour for 50 deer, and the corn needs to be cooked every day, each time takes 3 hours, and the feeding time is added, so that the total time is 4 hours, and the labor cost is increased.
TABLE 3 influence of fermented feed on feeding costs and workload
| Amount of hair fed | Raising costs (Yuan) | Time of day (h) |
| Fermented feed (2.5kg) | 7.5 | 1 |
| Control group (ripe corn 2.5kg) | 10 | 4 |
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The fermented feed for the deer is characterized by comprising a leavening agent and a feed, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of bean dregs, 15-20 parts of corn straw powder, 10-12 parts of raw seedling powder, 8-10 parts of jujube powder, 10-15 parts of bran and 6-8 parts of bean pulp.
2. The fermented feed for deer according to claim 1, characterized in that, the feed comprises the following components by weight:
35 parts of bean dregs, 18 parts of corn straw powder, 11 parts of raw seedling powder, 9 parts of jujube powder, 12 parts of bran and 7 parts of bean pulp.
3. The fermented feed for deer according to claim 1, wherein the volume of said leaven is mL: the mass kg of the feed is 1: 1.
4. the fermented feed for deer according to claim 1, wherein said leaven is obtained by diluting with 20 kg of water per 1000 mL/bottle.
5. The method for preparing fermented feed for deer according to claim 1, comprising:
according to the weight parts, the bean dregs, the corn straw powder, the seedling growing powder, the jujube powder, the bran and the bean pulp are mixed and stirred uniformly, the leavening agent is sprayed on the surface of the feed uniformly, and the feed is filled into a fermentation barrel to be sealed, compacted and fermented, so that the fermented feed for deer is obtained.
6. The method for preparing fermented feed for deer according to claim 5, wherein said fermentation is a sealed and compacted fermentation with the addition of ultrapure water.
7. The method for preparing fermented feed for deer according to claim 5, wherein said fermentation is carried out under anaerobic sealed condition.
8. The method for preparing the fermented feed for deer according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature is 20-26 ℃ and the fermentation time is 15-20 days.
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