CN114128647A - Bait domestication method for young hippocampus - Google Patents
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- CN114128647A CN114128647A CN202110953616.0A CN202110953616A CN114128647A CN 114128647 A CN114128647 A CN 114128647A CN 202110953616 A CN202110953616 A CN 202110953616A CN 114128647 A CN114128647 A CN 114128647A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bait domestication method of a young hippocampus, which comprises four steps of culture pond preparation, ecological construction of a domestication pond, domestication equipment installation and domestication period management. Starting the preparation of the cultivation pool 5 days before the young sea horses are put into the cultivation pool, placing a cultivation net cage and a bait platform, throwing in scatophagus argus and thamna acorus molesta, and splashing 0.3-0.5ppm of shrimp slices every day until the water body is dark brown. After the cultivation ecology is constructed, feeding young sea horses according to the standard of feeding 200 tails into each cultivation net cage for three times every day, feeding the sea horses satisfyingly, and thoroughly cleaning bait platforms 1.5 hours after each feeding. Domesticating for about 5 days, wherein the sea horse can actively ingest the mysorethorn on a bait table, and moving into a culture pond for culture after the domestication is finished. The method for domesticating the bait of the ecological sea horse, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the ecological culture system is constructed, the culture water body is stable, the domestication efficiency is high, the water is saved, and the labor cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sea horse cultivation, and particularly relates to a bait domestication method for young sea horses.
Background
The hippocampus is a traditional and rare traditional Chinese medicine in China and is known as animal ginseng. According to incomplete conservative statistics, the demand of dry sea horses for being used as medicines is not less than 500 tons every year in China at present. With the establishment of the national big health strategy, the hippocampus is a good product for health care without diseases, and the market value is 500 hundred million calculated by consuming 5000 yuan hippocampus products every year by 1000 ten thousand of people, and the market potential is huge.
At present, the variety of Hippocampus japonicus culture in China is mainly Hippocampus erectus (Hippocampus erectus), and the variety is favored by farmers due to large individuals, fast growth and strong fecundity. The enterprises for breeding the sea horses are not lower than 50 families, and are mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shandong and Liaoning.
Hippocampal feeds are extremely selective, ingesting copepods only, such as mysidacea, and palatable crustacean larvae. At present, the early breeding stage of sea horse breeding mainly comprises live copepods, and when the sea horse grows to 5cm, the sea horse must be domesticated and fed with frozen mysid so as to improve the growth rate and reduce the breeding cost.
However, the traditional bait domestication method has the problems of time and labor waste, water waste and the like: on one hand, the situation of culture failure caused by hippocampus enteritis is occasionally caused by untimely or incomplete cleaning of residual bait due to feeding of frozen mysid; on the other hand, the sea horses feed live baits positively, in the traditional domestication method, the sea horses are distributed in a water body in a dispersing way, a large amount of manpower is needed to feed continuously, so that the mysid is floated in the water body to stimulate the sea horses to feed, a large amount of unphaged frozen mysid is soaked in the water body for a long time, and the breeding safety can be ensured only by needing a large water change amount. Thirdly, the moving range of the sea horses in the culture pond is large, and the traditional method is long in domestication time and low in domestication efficiency due to the fact that the sea horses like calmness and are hungry.
Therefore, in order to better popularize the artificial culture of the hippocampus, a set of culture modes suitable for the biological characteristics of the hippocampus is established, and the method has great significance for domesticating the hippocampus safely, stably and efficiently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for domesticating bait of a young hippocampus, which mainly comprises four aspects of domestication pond preparation, domestication pond ecological construction, domestication equipment installation and bait domestication management. The domestication efficiency is improved and the bait is saved through centralized domestication and automatic feeding, and the ecological construction of the domestication pond can completely ensure that the whole domestication process does not need to absorb sewage and change water, thereby saving energy and protecting environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a bait domestication method of young hippocampus, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a culture pond: an indoor semi-buried cement pond with an air head is used as a culture pond, seawater filtered by sand is filled to a certain water level height, and the salinity is adjusted to be 27-32 per mill.
Preferably, the area of the indoor semi-buried cement pool is 14-16 m2The depth is 1.5-1.8 m, and the water level height is 120 cm; an aerating device is installed according to the standard that each square has 1 air head and is 5cm away from the bottom of the pool, and the air is continuously aerated in the cultivation process, and the dissolved oxygen reaches more than 4 mg/L.
B. Ecological construction of the domestication pond: culturing the scatophagus argus to above 3cm, sterilizing, and feeding into a culture pond with a culture density of 10 fish/m3(ii) a Culturing Zaocys dhumnades to 30 heads/jin, sterilizing, and feeding into a culture pond with culture density of 15 pieces/m3The bait is used for ingesting hippocampal feces, residual bait and fine granular organic matters; splashing the processed prawn slices every day, activating the water body for 5 days, and throwing the water body into the sea horse for culturing after the water body turns into brown;
wherein, the disinfection treatment methods of the scatophagus argus and the thamnis uniqua are soaking in fresh water for 0.5 h; after being crushed by a crusher, the shrimp slices are sprayed in after being aerated for 1 hour, and the spraying concentration is 0.3-0.5 ppm.
C. Domestication equipment installation: ten domestication devices are arranged in the culture pond and comprise a domestication net cage, a bait platform arranged in the domestication net cage, juvenile sea horse attachments placed on the bait platform and an automatic feeding device.
Wherein, the netting material of the domesticated net cage is a plastic flat net which takes high-density polyethylene or polypropylene as raw materials, the mesh is 4 meshes, the diameter of the net cage is 1.0m, the depth is 0.6m, the top of the net cage is shaped by a pvc pipe with the diameter of 25cm, and the top of the net cage is bound with a floating plate; the diameter of the bait platform is 0.6m, the depth is 0.08m, and the mesh is 40 meshes; the young sea horse attachment is polyethylene net piece with mesh of 3cm, length of 80cm, and width of 15 cm.
The automatic feeding device comprises an air stripping water pipeline, an inflation pipe, a regulating valve and a bait overflow device. The air stripping water pipeline is arranged in parallel with the side wall of the domestication net cage; the bottom end part of the inflation tube is inserted into the air stripping water pipeline, the top end part of the inflation tube is exposed, and the inflation tube is provided with the adjusting valve; the bait overflow device is connected with the air stripping water pipeline through a communicating pipe, is arranged at the mouth end of the domestication net cage and is opposite to the bait platform.
The air is filled into the air stripping water pipeline through the air filling pipe, so that the water density in the water lifting pipeline is lower than that outside the pipeline, and the water body is lifted; the air quantity in the air inflation pipe is adjusted through the adjusting valve, the purpose of controlling the water quantity is achieved, and the bait overflow speed in the bait overflow device is controlled.
D. And (3) domestication period management: the young hippocampus approximately 200 tails with the length of 5cm are domesticated in each domestication device, the iced fresh mysidacea is fed for three times every day at 07:00, 11:00 and 16:00, the bait overflow speed is controlled in the feeding process, the feeding is performed after the feeding is performed for 1.5-2 h each time, the bait table is thoroughly cleaned, after the general domestication for 5d, the hippocampus can actively eat the bait on the bait table, and after the domestication is finished, the hippocampus is moved into a culture pond for culture.
Preferably, the specific domestication mode is as follows: stopping feeding for one day before transferring the young sea horses into the domestication pond, placing cleaned fresh frozen mysidacea in a bait overflow device of an automatic feeding device, controlling the bait overflow speed, keeping the flow completion for about 20min as a standard, and inducing the sea horses to take food; meanwhile, the position of a bait table in the domestication net cage is adjusted, and the bait which is not taken by the sea horses in time can be guaranteed to be deposited on the bait table.
The method for cleaning the bait platform comprises the following steps: the inflatable head is placed in the bait table for 0.5h, residual baits are cleaned up through water waves generated by the inflatable head, and the inflatable head can be moved out of the net cage after the residual baits are inspected to be completely cleaned. The residual bait that is cleared up falls into and breeds the pond, is ingested by scatophagus argus and thamna acori, need not to clear up.
The practical verification is carried out by adopting the method, the preparation of the culture pond is started 5 days before the young sea horses are put into the culture pond, the culture net cage and the bait platform are placed, the scatophagus argus and the thamna acori are put into the culture pond, 0.3-0.5ppm of shrimp slices are poured into the culture pond every day, and the water body is in a tea color after 5 days. After the cultivation ecology is constructed, feeding young sea horses according to the standard of feeding 200 tails into each cultivation net cage for three times every day, feeding the sea horses satisfyingly, and thoroughly cleaning bait platforms 1.5 hours after each feeding. Domesticating for about 5h, wherein the sea horse can actively ingest the mysorethorn on a bait table, and then the domestication is finished, and the sea horse can be moved into a culture pond for culture. In the domestication process, the cultivation survival rate is over 96 percent.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method realizes the rapid bait domestication of the young sea horses through a series of measures such as culture pond preparation, ecological construction, domestication equipment installation, domestication management and the like.
Firstly, in the domestication process, the sea horse bait is the iced fresh mysorethorn, so that diseases such as enteritis and the like caused by ingestion of residual bait by the sea horse can be thoroughly avoided, the growth rate can be improved, and the culture cost can be reduced. In the feeding process, the automatic feeding device is adopted for feeding baits, so that enough floating baits can be guaranteed for the sea horses to feed for a long time, the domestication efficiency is improved, and the problem of unstable bait supply caused by manual feeding is solved.
And secondly, due to the arrangement of the domestication net cage, the bait table arranged in the domestication net cage and the attachment of the young sea horses placed on the bait table, the gathering of the sea horses in a certain area is ensured, and the domestication efficiency is also improved through the mutual learning among the sea horses.
Thirdly, the arrangement of the inflation head can not only provide oxygen for the organisms in the cultivation pool, but also clean the residual bait through the water waves generated by the aeration head, and the work of manually cleaning the residual bait is omitted; meanwhile, the cleaned residual bait falls into the cultivation pool and is ingested by the scatophagus argus and the thamnis uniqua, so that the whole domestication process can be completely ensured without dirt suction and water change, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the labor cost is reduced.
Therefore, the method for domesticating the bait of the ecological sea horse related by the invention has the advantages of stable culture water body, high domestication efficiency, water saving and labor cost reduction by constructing the ecological culture system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an automatic feeding device.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and give detailed implementation modes and specific operation procedures, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example bait domestication of young hippocampus
Domestication is carried out after the hippocampus grows to 5cm, and the preparation of the culture pond is started 5 days before the young hippocampus enters the culture pond, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a culture pond: the device is provided with an air head, the depth of the air head is 1.5-1.8 m, and the area of the air head is 14-16 m2The indoor semi-buried cement pond is used as a culture pond, seawater filtered by sand is injected until the height of the water level is 120cm, and the salinity is adjusted to be 27-32 per mill. An aerating device is installed according to the standard that each square has 1 air head and is 5cm away from the bottom of the pool, and the air is continuously aerated in the cultivation process, and the dissolved oxygen reaches more than 4 mg/L.
B. Ecological construction of the domestication pond: culturing the scatophagus argus to above 3cm, soaking in fresh water for 0.5 hr for sterilization, and feeding into culture pond with culture density of 10 fish/m3(ii) a Culturing Zaocys dhumnades to 30 heads/jin, soaking in fresh water for 0.5h for disinfection, and putting into a culture pond with culture density of 15 pieces/m3The bait is used for ingesting hippocampal feces, residual bait and fine granular organic matters; sprinkling the crushed shrimp slices by the crusher every day, aerating for 1h, then sprinkling the water with the concentration of 0.3-0.5ppm, activating the water for 5d, and then throwing the water into the sea horse for culturing after the water turns brown.
C. Domestication equipment installation: ten domestication devices are arranged in the culture pond and comprise a domestication net cage 1, a bait platform 2 arranged in the domestication net cage, juvenile sea horse attachments placed on the bait platform and an automatic feeding device 3.
Wherein, the netting material of the domesticated net cage 1 is a plastic flat net which takes high density polyethylene or polypropylene as raw materials, the mesh is 4 meshes, the diameter of the net cage is 1.0m, the depth is 0.6m, the top of the net cage is shaped by a pvc pipe with the diameter of 25cm, and is bound with a floating plate; the diameter of the bait platform 2 is 0.6m, the depth is 0.08m, and the mesh is 40 meshes; the young sea horse attachment is polyethylene net piece with mesh of 3cm, length of 80cm, and width of 15 cm.
The automatic feeding device 3 is shown in fig. 1 and comprises a stripped water pipeline 301, an air inflation pipe 302, a regulating valve 303 and a bait overflow device 304.
The air stripping water pipeline 301 is arranged in parallel with the side wall of the domestication net cage 1; the bottom end part of the air charging pipe 302 is inserted into the air stripping water pipe 301, the top end part of the air charging pipe is exposed, and the air charging pipe is provided with a regulating valve 303; the bait overflow device 304 is connected with the air stripping water pipeline 301 through a communicating pipe, is arranged at the mouth end of the domestication net cage and is opposite to the bait platform 2.
The air is filled into the air stripping water pipeline through the air filling pipe 302, so that the water density in the air stripping water pipeline 301 is lower than that outside the pipeline, the water body is lifted, the air quantity in the air filling pipe is adjusted through the adjusting valve 303, the purpose of controlling the water quantity is achieved, and the bait overflow speed in the bait overflow device 304 can be controlled.
D. And (3) domestication period management: stopping feeding for one day before the young sea horses are transferred into the domestication pond, and domesticating about 200 young sea horses of about 5cm in each domestication device; feeding the iced fresh mysidacea for three times in a saturated feeding mode at 07:00, 11:00 and 16:00 every day, controlling the overflowing speed of the bait in the feeding process, keeping the flow completion for about 20min as a standard, inducing the sea horses to eat, adjusting the position of a bait table in the domestication net cage, and ensuring that the bait which is not eaten by the sea horses in time can be deposited on the bait table.
Thoroughly cleaning the bait platform after feeding for 1.5-2 h each time, wherein the method for cleaning the bait platform comprises the following steps: the inflatable head is placed in the bait table for 0.5h, residual baits are cleaned up through water waves generated by the inflatable head, and the inflatable head can be moved out of the net cage after the residual baits are inspected to be completely cleaned. The cleaned residual bait falls into the cultivation pool and is ingested by the scatophagus argus and the horseshoe snails without cleaning
After the sea horses are domesticated for 5 hours generally, the sea horses can actively ingest baits on a bait table, and after the domestication is finished, the sea horses are transferred into a culture pond for culture.
Verification example
By adopting the method, 1 cultivation pool is prepared from 10 months and 10 days in 2019, and the area of each cultivation pool is 15m2150ind of thelenota ananas and 225 horseshoe snails with the body length of 3cm are added; 6g of the treated prawn slices are poured into the water every day. The water bodies of the cultivation ponds are dark brown in 10 and 15 months in 2019, 9 net cages are placed in each cultivation pond, the net cages are numbered and are respectively placed in the young sea horses 150, 200 and 250ind, and each group is repeated three times. The number of the sea horses in each net cage and the cultivation effect are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Young Hippocampus japonicus bait domestication results summarize
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, after 5-6 days of acclimation, the hippocampus can actively ingest the bait on the bait table, and after the acclimation is finished, the hippocampus is moved into a culture pond for culture.
Comparing the survival rate of the cultivation and the average body length growth rate, when the domestication amount of the young hippocampus in each net cage is 200ind, the effect is optimal, the survival rate of the cultivation is 97-99%, and the average body length growth is 0.08-0.09 cm, which are higher than those of the other two groups.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A bait domestication method of young hippocampus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparing a culture pond: an indoor semi-buried cement pond with an air head is used as a culture pond, seawater filtered by sand is injected to a certain water level height, and the salinity is adjusted to be 27-32 per mill;
B. ecological construction of the domestication pond: culturing the scatophagus argus to above 3cm, sterilizing, and culturingBreeding ponds with the breeding density of 8-12 tails/m3(ii) a Culturing the water chestnut snails to 30 heads/jin, putting the water chestnut snails into a culture pond after disinfection treatment, wherein the culture density is 10-20/m3(ii) a Splashing the processed prawn slices every day, and throwing the processed prawn slices into the sea horse for culture after the water body turns brown;
C. domestication equipment installation: installing a plurality of domestication devices into the culture pond, wherein each domestication device comprises a domestication net cage, a bait table arranged in the domestication net cage, juvenile sea horse attachments placed on the bait table, and an automatic feeding device arranged at the mouth end part of the domestication net cage;
D. and (3) domestication period management: 150-250 tails of young sea horses of about 5cm are domesticated in each domestication device, fresh mysidae shrimps are fed for three times every day, the bait overflow speed is controlled in the feeding process, feeding is performed after satiation, the bait table is thoroughly cleaned after feeding for 1.5-2 hours every time, and after the sea horses actively eat the bait on the bait table, the domestication is finished, and the sea horses are moved into a culture pond for culture.
2. The method for domesticating bait to young hippocampus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the step A, the area of the indoor semi-buried cement pool is 14-16 m2The depth is 1.5-1.8 m, and the water level height is 120 cm;
an aerating device is installed according to the standard that each square has 1 air head and is 5cm away from the bottom of the pool, and the air is continuously aerated in the cultivation process, and the dissolved oxygen reaches more than 4 mg/L.
3. The method for domesticating bait to young hippocampus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the step B, the method for disinfecting the scatophagus argus and the thamnis unibracteata is to soak the scatophagus argus and the thamnis unibracteata in fresh water for 0.5 h;
after being crushed by a crusher, the shrimp slices are aerated for 1 hour and then poured in with the pouring concentration of 0.3-0.5 ppm.
4. The method for domesticating bait to young hippocampus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the step C, the netting material of the domesticated net cage is a plastic flat net which takes high-density polyethylene or polypropylene as a raw material, the mesh is 4 meshes, the diameter of the net cage is 1.0m, the depth of the net cage is 0.6m, the top of the net cage is shaped by a pvc pipe with the diameter of 25cm, and a floating plate is bound;
the diameter of the bait platform is 0.6m, the depth is 0.08m, and the mesh is 40 meshes;
the young sea horse attachments are polyethylene net pieces, the net holes are 3cm, the length is 80cm, and the width is 15 cm.
5. The method for domesticating bait to young hippocampus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
wherein in the step C, the automatic feeding device comprises a gas stripping water pipeline, an inflation pipe, a regulating valve and a bait overflow device,
the air stripping water pipeline is arranged in parallel with the side wall of the domestication net cage; the bottom end part of the inflation tube is inserted into the air stripping water pipeline, the top end part of the inflation tube is exposed, and the inflation tube is provided with the adjusting valve; the bait overflow device is connected with the air stripping water pipeline through a communicating pipe, is arranged at the mouth end of the domestication net cage and is opposite to the bait platform,
the air is filled into the air stripping water pipeline through the air filling pipe, so that the water density in the water stripping pipeline is lower than that outside the pipeline, and the water body is lifted; the air quantity in the air inflation pipe is adjusted through the adjusting valve, the purpose of controlling the water quantity is achieved, and the bait overflow speed in the bait overflow device is controlled.
6. The method for domesticating bait to young hippocampus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and D, feeding the cleaned fresh frozen mysid when performing domestication management, wherein the feeding time is 07:00, 11:00 and 16:00 every day.
7. The method for domesticating bait to young hippocampus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the step D, the concrete domestication mode is as follows: stopping feeding for one day before transferring the young sea horses into the domestication pond, placing the cleaned fresh frozen mysidacea in a bait overflow device of an automatic feeding device, controlling the bait overflow speed, keeping the flow completion for about 20min as a standard, and inducing the sea horses to take food; meanwhile, the position of a bait table in the domestication net cage is adjusted, and the bait which is not taken by the sea horses in time can be guaranteed to be deposited on the bait table.
8. The method of domesticating bait for young hippocampus according to claim 5, wherein:
in the step D, the method for cleaning the bait platform comprises the following steps: the inflatable head is placed in the bait table for 0.5h, residual baits are cleaned up through water waves generated by the inflatable head, and the inflatable head can be moved out of the net cage after the residual baits are inspected to be completely cleaned.
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| CN115024250A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-09 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Feeding method capable of saving bait and labor during large-scale cultivation of medium and large-sized sea horses |
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