CN111296328A - Method for ecologically cultivating sea horse parents - Google Patents
Method for ecologically cultivating sea horse parents Download PDFInfo
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- CN111296328A CN111296328A CN202010130069.1A CN202010130069A CN111296328A CN 111296328 A CN111296328 A CN 111296328A CN 202010130069 A CN202010130069 A CN 202010130069A CN 111296328 A CN111296328 A CN 111296328A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 101000831205 Danio rerio Dynein axonemal assembly factor 11 Proteins 0.000 title claims description 18
- 102100024282 Dynein axonemal assembly factor 11 Human genes 0.000 title claims description 18
- 241001559542 Hippocampus hippocampus Species 0.000 title claims description 18
- 101000831210 Homo sapiens Dynein axonemal assembly factor 11 Proteins 0.000 title claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241001274197 Scatophagus argus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003283 Pachira macrocarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001083492 Trapa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014364 Trapa natans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009165 saligot Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000971 hippocampal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001247203 Syngnathidae Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241001559546 Hippocampus erectus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000004232 Enteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001478425 Hippocampus japonicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000545744 Hirudinea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001275783 Mysida Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000270273 Ptyas dhumnades Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036449 good health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for ecologically cultivating a hippocampus parent, which comprises the following steps: 1. preparing a culture pond; 2. constructing the ecology of the cultivation pool; 3. managing the cultivation period; 4. and (5) managing parent to be produced. The method is ecological and environment-friendly, low in water consumption, safe, stable and efficient, low in parent interference, high in mating rate, good in newly hatched fry activity and high in fry survival rate, and is suitable for large-scale artificial breeding of fries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sea horse cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for ecologically cultivating sea horse parents.
Background
The hippocampus is a traditional and rare traditional Chinese medicine in China and is known as animal ginseng. According to incomplete conservative statistics, the demand of dry sea horses for being used as medicines is not less than 500 tons every year in China at present. The natural resources of the hippocampus are almost exhausted in China (the annual output of wild dry hippocampus is less than 30 tons), and the deficient demand basically depends on illegal import. This behavior seriously undermines the image of the responsible country for ecological protection. In recent years, countries seriously attack the smuggling of the hippocampus and provide rare external environment for the development of hippocampal culture. If 60 percent of the current consumption amount of the cultured hippocampus is replaced, namely 300 tons, the value is 21 hundred million calculated according to the current average market price of 7000 yuan/kg, and the market value of the hippocampus exceeds that of a plurality of large cultured species in terms of a single species. If the production chain benefit is considered, the value is higher. With the establishment of the national big health strategy, the hippocampus is a good health care product without diseases, and the market value reaches 500 hundred million by calculating that 1000 million people consume 5000 yuan hippocampus products every year, and the market potential is huge.
At present, the variety of Hippocampus japonicus culture in China is mainly Hippocampus erectus (Hippocampus erectus), and the variety is favored by farmers due to large individuals, fast growth and strong fecundity. The enterprises for breeding the sea horses are not lower than 50 families, and are mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shandong and Liaoning. The existing culture modes mainly comprise circulating water culture and long-running water culture; the land resources and water resources can be saved by the recirculating aquaculture, but the problems of expensive equipment, high maintenance cost, difficult disease control, high management requirement and the like cause the recirculating aquaculture to be difficult to accept and master by common people; the culture mode that the water change amount per day reaches more than 400% is achieved through a large amount of flowing water per day in the long-flowing water culture, and the culture mode has the defects of large water resource waste, high water taking infrastructure cost, high energy consumption, uncontrollable culture environment, large culture risk and the like, so that the sustainable development of the sea horse culture is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for ecologically cultivating sea horse parents, which has the advantages of low water consumption, safety, stability and high efficiency, less interference of the parents, high mating rate, good vitality of newly hatched fries and high survival rate of the fries, and is suitable for carrying out large-scale artificial breeding of the fries.
The invention provides a method for ecologically cultivating a hippocampus parent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) an indoor semi-buried cement pond is adopted as a culture pond, an air head is arranged, seawater filtered by sand is injected, a net cage for culture is arranged, and a bait table and sea horse attachments are arranged in the net cage;
(2) adding scatophagus argus and thamna unibrata in the culture pond, splashing the treated prawn slices every day, and adding the hippocampus for culture after the water body turns brown;
(3) feeding for three times every day, feeding after full eating, thoroughly cleaning a bait table after each feeding, and changing the water amount to 5-10%;
(4) observing that the parent is about to produce the seedling, fishing out the parent to be produced, and placing the parent to be produced in an independent net cage to be produced; the parent is put back into the original cultivation net cage after seedling production.
The area of the indoor semi-buried cement pool in the step (1) is 14-16 m2The depth is 1.5-1.8 m, an aerating device is installed according to the standard that each square has 1 air head and is 5cm away from the bottom of the pool, the cultivation process is continuously aerated, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 4 mg/L.
The salinity of the seawater in the step (1) is 27-32 per mill.
The netting material of the net cage for cultivation in the step (1) is a plastic flat net taking high-density polyethylene/polypropylene as a raw material, the top of the net cage is shaped by a pvc pipe, and a floating plate is bound.
The sea horse attachments in the step (1) are polyethylene mesh tubes and are placed in a bait table.
After the scatophagus argus in the step (2) is cultivated to be more than 3cm, the scatophagus argus is disinfected and then put into a cultivation pond, and the cultivation density is 5-6 tails/m3。
Culturing the water chestnut snails in the step (2) to 30 heads/jin, putting the water chestnut snails into a culture pond after disinfection treatment, wherein the culture density is 4-5/m3。
And (3) after the shrimp slices in the step (2) are crushed by a crusher, aerating for 1h, and splashing 0.3-0.5ppm every day.
The feeding time in the step (3) is 07:00, 11:30 and 16: and 30, feeding the cleaned fresh frozen mysid.
And (4) the netting material of the net cage to be produced in the step (4) is a nylon net, the top of the net cage is shaped by a pvc pipe, and the floating plate is bound.
Advantageous effects
(1) By adopting the invention, the iced fresh mysidacea is taken as the sea horse bait, so that diseases such as enteritis and the like caused by ingestion of residual bait by sea horses can be thoroughly avoided.
(2) According to the invention, through constructing reasonable ecology, the scatophagus argus ingests residual bait and residual bait, and also ingests parasites such as leeches and the like; organic matters are attached to the water chestnut licking culture pond, so that the growth of harmful protozoa is greatly avoided, and the safety of the culture environment can be ensured.
(3) The invention benefits from small biomass of the sea horse, high value, small food intake and small pressure on the culture environment, can ensure closed circulation of culture ecology and greatly save water.
(4) According to the invention, through designing the depth, size and mesh specification of the bait table and reasonably utilizing the inflation head, the labor for cleaning residual bait is saved, and the interference to the sea horse is reduced.
(5) By constructing the ecological culture system, the culture water body is stable, parent interference is less, mating rate is high, the vitality of the newly hatched fries is good, and the survival rate of the fries is high. The technology is mature, safe and easy to master, can be quickly digested and mastered by farmers, and is suitable for developing large-scale artificial breeding of seedlings.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for ecologically cultivating a hippocampal parent, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of a culture pond: an indoor semi-buried cement pond is used as a cultivation pond, and the area of the indoor semi-buried cement pond is 14-16 m2The depth is 1.5-1.8 m, an aerating device is installed according to the standard that each square has 1 air head and is 5cm away from the bottom of the pool, and the air is continuously aerated in the cultivation process, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 4 mg/L. Injecting seawater filtered by sand, wherein the water level is 120cm, the salinity is 27-32 per mill, placing 4-6 net cages for cultivation, and arranging bait tables and sea horse attachments inside.
The netting material of the net cage for cultivation is a plastic flat net which takes high-density polyethylene/polypropylene as raw materials, the mesh is 4 meshes, the diameter of the net cage is 1.0m, the depth of the net cage is 0.8m, the top of the net cage is shaped by a pvc pipe with the diameter of 2.5cm, and a floating plate is bound. The diameter of the bait platform for cultivation is 0.4m, the depth is 8cm, and the mesh is 20 meshes. The sea horse attachments are polyethylene mesh tubes with diameter of 10mm and length of 80cm, and are placed in the bait table.
(2) Ecological construction of a culture pond: culturing the scatophagus argus to above 3cm, sterilizing, and feeding into a culture pond with culture density of 5 fish/m3(ii) a Culturing Zaocys dhumnades to 30 heads/jin, sterilizing, and feeding into a culture pond with culture density of 4 pieces/m3The feed is used for feeding hippocampal feces, residual bait and fine granular organic matters (the disinfection treatment method of the scatophagus argus and the thamna dichotoma is fresh water soaking for 0.5 h); and splashing 0.3-0.5ppm of the processed prawn slices every day (after being crushed by a crusher and aerated for 1 hour), and putting into the sea horse for culturing after the water body of the activated water body 5d turns into brown.
(3) Management of the cultivation period: 3-10 pairs (the specification is more than 10cm) of seahorse parents can be cultured in each culture net cage, feeding is carried out for three times every day, feeding is carried out after full feeding, and the feeding time every day is 07:00, 11:00 and 16: 00, feeding clean fresh frozen mysid, thoroughly cleaning a bait table 1.5 hours after feeding each time, placing an inflating head in the bait table for 0.5 hour, cleaning the residual bait through water waves generated by the inflating head, and removing the inflating head out of the net cage after checking that the residual bait is completely cleaned. The water exchange amount is 5 percent.
(4) Management of the parent to be produced: observing that the parent is about to produce the seedling, timely fishing out the parent to be produced, and placing the parent in a separate net cage to be produced; the parent needs to be put back into the original cultivation net cage after seedling production.
The net of the net cage to be produced is made of nylon net with 60 meshes, the diameter of the net cage is 1.0m, the depth of the net cage is 0.5m, the top of the net cage is shaped by pvc pipes with the diameter of 25cm, and the floating plates are bound.
By adopting the method, three cultivation pools are prepared from 03 days 10 months in 2019, and the area of each cultivation pool is 15m2Adding 75ind of 3 cm-long scatophagus argus and 60 horseshoe snails; 6g of the treated prawn slices are poured into the water every day. The water body of the cultivation pool is dark brown in 2019, 10 months and 8 days, 4 net cages are placed in each cultivation pool, and the sea horse parents are put in the cultivation pool according to the standards of 3 pairs, 5 pairs and 10 pairs of net cages. The number of the sea horses in each net cage and the cultivation effect of 30d are as follows:
as can be seen from the table above, the proper number of parents in each parent net cage is preferably 5 pairs when the mating rate, the average number of produced seedlings, the total number of produced seedlings and the comprehensive number of produced seedlings are judged.
Claims (10)
1. A method for ecologically breeding a hippocampal parent, comprising:
(1) an indoor semi-buried cement pond is adopted as a culture pond, an air head is arranged, seawater filtered by sand is injected, a net cage for culture is arranged, and a bait table and sea horse attachments are arranged in the net cage;
(2) adding scatophagus argus and thamna unibrata in the culture pond, splashing the treated prawn slices every day, and adding the hippocampus for culture after the water body turns brown;
(3) feeding for three times every day, feeding after full eating, thoroughly cleaning a bait table after each feeding, and changing the water amount to 5-10%;
(4) observing that the parent is about to produce the seedling, fishing out the parent to be produced, and placing the parent to be produced in an independent net cage to be produced; the parent is put back into the original cultivation net cage after seedling production.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the area of the indoor semi-buried cement pool in the step (1) is 14-16 m2The depth is 1.5-1.8 m, an aerating device is installed according to the standard that each square has 1 air head and is 5cm away from the bottom of the pool, the cultivation process is continuously aerated, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 4 mg/L.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the salinity of the seawater in the step (1) is 27-32 per mill.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the netting material of the net cage for cultivation in the step (1) is a plastic flat net taking high-density polyethylene/polypropylene as a raw material, the top of the net cage is shaped by a pvc pipe, and a floating plate is bound.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the sea horse attachments in the step (1) are polyethylene mesh tubes.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: after the scatophagus argus in the step (2) is cultivated to be more than 3cm, the scatophagus argus is disinfected and then put into a cultivation pond, and the cultivation density is 5-6 tails/m3。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: culturing the water chestnut snails in the step (2) to 30 heads/jin, putting the water chestnut snails into a culture pond after disinfection treatment, wherein the culture density is 4-5/m3。
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) after the shrimp slices in the step (2) are crushed by a crusher, aerating for 1h, and splashing 0.3-0.5ppm every day.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the feeding time in the step (3) is 07:00, 11:30 and 16: and 30, feeding the cleaned fresh frozen mysid.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (4) the netting material of the net cage to be produced in the step (4) is a nylon net, the top of the net cage is shaped by a pvc pipe, and the floating plate is bound.
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CN202010130069.1A CN111296328A (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Method for ecologically cultivating sea horse parents |
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Cited By (1)
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CN114128647A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2022-03-04 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Bait domestication method for young hippocampus |
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US20170105392A1 (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-04-20 | South China Sea Institute Of Oceanology, Chinese A Cademy Of Sciences | Method for selective breeding of fast-growing strain of lined seahorse |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114128647A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2022-03-04 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Bait domestication method for young hippocampus |
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Application publication date: 20200619 |