CN114107253B - 一种利用工程细胞进行基因编辑的系统及方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种利用工程细胞进行基因编辑的系统及方法,包括嵌入合成蛋白受体的工程细胞、靶细胞;所述工程细胞中含有CRISPR/CasRx系统及sgRNA基因序列;所述合成蛋白受体由胞外靶细胞识别结构域、天然Notch核心结构域、膜内水解多肽及效应因子组成;所述胞外靶细胞识别结构域能识别靶细胞表面的抗原分子;效应因子为CasRx酶及sgRNA的转录因子。本发明在工程细胞中对CasRx与gRNA进行表达,用于基因编辑以实现对靶细胞mRNA进行编辑,扩大工程细胞的适用范围,提高基因编辑的针对性、特异性,减少脱靶效应,减少集体非特异性反应,增加基因编辑的安全性,为基因编辑临床转化提供可行方案。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因编辑领域,具体涉及一种利用工程细胞进行基因编辑的系统及方法。
背景技术
CRISPR/Cas系统是一种强大的生物技术工具,用于靶向基因组中的单个DNA和RNA序列。它可用于靶向基因序列的敲入、敲除和替换,以及通过结合特定序列在基因组和表观基因组水平上监测和调节基因表达。
CRISPR是一类广泛的短回文重复序列,广泛存在于许多原核生物中,包括大多数细菌和古细菌。在原核生物中,这些短重复序列与入侵细菌或古细菌的一些外来DNA序列(例如病毒DNA)互补。当病毒感染细菌时,细菌会产生这种DNA并与病毒DNA结合;通过与一种称为Cas的核酸酶一起工作,Cas酶会将入侵的DNA切割成碎片。因此,CRISPR/Cas是原核生物对抗病毒的一种获得性免疫防御机制,也是一种自然发生的基因组编辑工具。
由于缺乏基因组改变,CRISPR/Cas13被报道比现有的CRISPR/Cas系统更安全。在Cas13d家族中,CasRx也称为RfxCas13d,来自黄色瘤胃球菌,在人类细胞中具有最高的RNA切割活性和特异性。CasRx靶向RNA的效果也优于短发夹RNA(shRNA)干扰。重要的是,Cas13d核酸酶可以处理CRISPR阵列,实现多重靶向。CRISPR/CasRx的治疗潜力在使用AAV载体的新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性小鼠模型中得到了证明。这表明CRISPR/CasRx系统具有治疗潜力。
在合成生物学和细胞工程的新兴领域,一个基本目标是能够合理地改变细胞识别的细胞外信号,以及由此产生的细胞反应。定制的细胞传感/响应通路对于工程治疗细胞非常有用,使它们能够自主感知用户指定的疾病或损伤信号。Notch蛋白是空间结构上最直接的跨膜受体之一,其细胞内结构域包含一个转录调节因子,当同源细胞外配体结合后诱导膜内蛋白水解时,该调节因子从膜中释放出来。
合成Notch系统是一种嵌合型蛋白受体工具,通过对天然的Notch蛋白加以改造,可使其调控特定的细胞信号通路。其中,Notch的细胞内和细胞外结构域可以被替换,形成新的合成蛋白受体,从而实现细胞靶向调控和下游目的信号响应。合成Notch由细胞外抗原识别域(通常是单链可变片段,scFv)、Notch核心调控区和细胞内域(ICD)组成,Notch核心调控区包含负调节区NRR(negative regulatory region)和跨膜结构域TMD(transmembrane domain)两部分,其中NRR包含三个LNR结构(Lin12-Notch repeats,LNR-A,-B,and-C)和一个HD结构(heterodimerization domain;scFv识别出发送细胞上的抗原后,Notch核心调控区中的负调节区(NRR)的构象变化将信号传递到Notch核心调控区中的Notch跨膜结构,跨膜结构域的连续构象变化使切割位点暴露于金属蛋白酶和γ-分泌酶,蛋白水解裂解释放ICD,它通常是一种转录因子,允许触发下游信号传导。
神经胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的多功能、非神经元成分,具有多种表型,因其密切参与神经炎症和神经退行性疾病而备受关注。神经胶质表型的主要特征是它们对各种刺激的结构和功能变化,这些刺激可以是神经保护性的,也可以是神经毒性的。
神经炎症是许多神经系统疾病的共同特征,例如创伤性脑损伤和神经退行性疾病,其特征是脑细胞(包括神经胶质细胞)发生广泛的结构和功能变化。神经胶质细胞具有高度可塑性,可以发生多种变化,从促炎性神经毒性到抗炎性神经保护,统称为表型变化,以应对大脑的损伤。
神经胶质表型变化的特点是形态和功能变化,包括高细胞反应性和运动性增加。脑组织的损伤首先被小胶质细胞感知,小胶质细胞表达多种配体的受体。神经炎症和缺血诱导了两种不同类型的反应性星形胶质细胞,分别为“A1”和“A2”。A1型星形胶质细胞高度上调许多对突触具有破坏性的经典补体级联基因,相比之下,A2型星形胶质细胞上调了许多神经营养因子。A1型胶质细胞又被称为神经毒性胶质细胞(Neurotoxic Astrocytes),它在多种疾病中被证实恶化了神经损伤并抑制了神经修复进程。而起始步骤就是激活的小胶质细胞分泌的IL-1a、TNFa和C1q三种细胞因子,促使星形胶质细胞向A1型转化。抑制这三种因子的表达和分泌将能逆转A1胶质细胞的产生,达到维持神经元活性、促进神经修复的目的。
在神经胶质细胞的基因编辑中,由于IL-1a、TNFa和C1q在活化小胶质细胞中的表达增加并不是特异性的,如果直接对三种mRNA进行编辑,影响太大。现有技术中,利用工程细胞对靶细胞进行基因编辑的技术未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用工程细胞进行基因编辑的系统及方法,通过工程细胞特异性识别靶细胞表面的抗原分子,跨膜合成蛋白受体分子,结合靶抗原后启动胞内段水解,胞内段作为启动因子脱落入核,开启合成、组装、分泌基因编辑相关的CasRx酶及sgRNA的过程,CasRx酶和sgRNA以微囊泡形式旁分泌作用于靶细胞,实现靶细胞内特定的mRNA编辑,编辑效率高、脱靶效应低、结构紧凑。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种利用工程细胞对靶细胞进行基因编辑的系统,包括嵌入合成蛋白受体的工程细胞、靶细胞;所述工程细胞中含有CRISPR/CasRx系统及sgRNA基因序列,所述靶细胞表面含有抗原分子;
所述合成蛋白受体为基于天然Notch受体的合成Notch受体,由胞外靶细胞识别结构域、天然Notch核心结构域、膜内水解多肽及效应因子组成;所述胞外靶细胞识别结构域能够识别所述靶细胞表面的抗原分子;所述效应因子为CRISPR系统中CasRx酶及sgRNA的转录因子。
进一步,所述效应因子选自四环素转录激活蛋白或Cre重组酶的结构域。
又,所述工程细胞胞外靶细胞识别结构域识别所述靶细胞表面的抗原分子后,启动膜内水解多肽断裂,效应因子脱落进入细胞核,启动工程细胞内合成CasRx和sgRNA,合成的CasRx和sgRNA与靶细胞融合,CasRx在sgRNA的引导下,对靶细胞内的目标mRNA进行编辑。
优选地,所述CasRx与sgRNA以微囊泡的形式被分泌至靶细胞邻近区域。
又,所述靶细胞为小胶质细胞,所述sgRNA为IL-1a、TNFa和C1q三种细胞因子mRNA的靶向sgRNA,其DNA序列分别如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.3所示。
优选地,所述胞外识别结构域为Selectin家族中的CD62L、CD62E或CD62P。
进一步,所述工程细胞是将所述合成蛋白受体通过DNA重组、DNA注射、质粒转染或病毒转染方式导入真核细胞获得的。
优选地,所述真核细胞为神经干细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮祖细胞、T淋巴细胞或胶质细胞。
一种嵌入合成蛋白受体的工程细胞的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备可编辑细胞
制备并培养神经干细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮祖细胞、T淋巴细胞或胶质细胞,提取原代细胞后进行扩增;
2)构建含合成蛋白基因序列的慢病毒
分别设计合成蛋白受体及基因编辑组件序列的上下游特异性PCR扩增引物,并引入酶切位点,分别以合成蛋白受体序列与基因编辑组件序列为模板,利用重叠延伸PCR进行扩增;所述基因编辑组件包括四环素响应元件TRE序列、CasRx转录序列、sgRNA对应的DNA序列;
从cDNA质粒或者文库模板中调取合成蛋白受体基因与基因编辑组件序列的CDS区,连入T载体;将CDS区从T载体上切下,装入慢病毒过表达质粒载体;合成sgRNA对应的DNA颈环结构,退火后接入慢病毒干扰质粒载体;制备慢病毒穿梭质粒及其辅助包装载体质粒;
分别提取所述慢病毒过表达质粒载体、慢病毒干扰质粒载体、慢病毒穿梭质粒后共转染至293T细胞,得到含合成蛋白受体基因序列与基因编辑组件序列的慢病毒;
3)转染至真核细胞
将慢病毒转染至步骤1)中制备的可编辑细胞,同时转染荧光报告基因,得到所述嵌入合成蛋白受体的工程细胞。
进一步,步骤3)中,将转染慢病毒后的可编辑细胞进行扩增,待细胞量占培养瓶80-90%时,观察标记荧光蛋白的表达情况,对转染的细胞群体进行标志物鉴定,检测工程细胞的激活情况。
本发明利用工程细胞设计了一种新的基因编辑技术,通过设计靶向结合特异抗原的合成Notch蛋白受体,构建了一种用于基因编辑的工程细胞,工程细胞的胞外段为能识别靶细胞表面抗原分子的配体,膜内段具有可水解多肽,胞内段为启动目标基因表达的效应因子;静息时膜内段被邻近的胞外段和效应因子部分覆盖或完全覆盖,当胞外段结合靶抗原后才会发生水解作用并释放胞内段。
通过胞外段特异性识别靶细胞表面抗原并进行结合,激活工程细胞内响应程序,即效应因子脱落入核,激活下游基因表达。下游基因被设计为CRISPR-CasRx系统的两大关键分子CasRx和sgRNA,下游程序被设计为CasRx与sgRNA的表达、包装和分泌过程。由工程细胞合成的CasRx和sgRNA在细胞内组装成微囊泡,以外泌体等形式旁分泌至邻近靶细胞,靶细胞接受CasRx和sgRNA后实现胞内特定mRNA的上调、下调或修饰,最终实现mRNA水平上的基因编辑。
本发明的合成受体具有功能高度模块化的特点,sgRNA可以根据实际需要设计成不同的序列,以将靶细胞设定为小胶质细胞为例,选择CD68作为激活小胶质细胞的特异性标志物,Selectin家族中的CD62E可与CD68高效结合,因此将CD62E确定为合成蛋白受体的胞外段;将sgRNA设定为IL-1a、TNFa和C1q三种细胞因子mRNA的靶向sgRNA,其序列分别如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.3所示,相应地,合成蛋白受体胞内段为上述三种sgRNA与CasRx的转录因子。
CD62E与激活小胶质细胞表面的分子标志物CD68结合,继而切割位点被识别水解,特异性地识别活化的小胶质细胞,天然Notch的最小跨膜核心结构域介导膜内段水解作用发挥信号传导功能,进而调控下游信号通路,调控设定基因的表达,根据下游效应基因的不同,工程细胞可以产生不同的细胞行为。
本发明的合成受体具备靶向特定细胞的特点,工程细胞具备靶向基因编辑的特点。由于合成受体需要与靶细胞表面抗原结合,这提高了工程细胞识别的特异性,同时工程细胞激活后对局部邻近细胞产生作用,保证了基因编辑的精确性。工程细胞识别的对象是多样化的,通过设计针对靶细胞特异抗原的合成蛋白受体,可以对多种具有转录活性的细胞进行基因编辑。
CasRx是Crispr家族酶中的重要的成员,其靶标是RNA,包括mRNA,相比于其他基因编辑酶,它具有编辑效率高、脱靶效应低、结构紧凑的优势。对于实际应用来说CasRx酶可行性较高。相比于传统的DNA编辑,CasRx作用于RNA,不改变细胞的遗传物质,可以实现基因编辑的灵活开放与关闭,在更大程度上保证了基因编辑的安全性。
本发明将工程细胞与CasRx的优势相结合,进一步保证了基因编辑的准确、高效、灵活性。在本发明中,以工程细胞通过Cripr-CasRx编辑小胶质细胞为例,介绍这一系统的工作原理,阐明其巨大优势。
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统稳态的重要参与者,其功能失调会导致神经系统疾病。小胶质细胞对中枢神经系统疾病的贡献可能与其作为中枢神经系统专业吞噬细胞的功能有关。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统微环境变化的恒定传感器和组织稳态恢复器,不仅是中枢神经系统的主要免疫细胞,而且还调节星形胶质细胞的先天免疫功能。炎症介质激活小胶质细胞可以将星形胶质细胞转化为各种神经系统疾病中的神经毒性A1表型。活化的小胶质细胞通过分泌Il-1α、TNF和C1q,诱导A1星形胶质细胞,A1星形胶质细胞失去促进神经元存活、生长、突触发生和吞噬作用的能力,并诱导神经元和少突胶质细胞死亡。A1星形胶质细胞在各种人类神经退行性疾病中含量丰富,包括阿尔茨海默氏症、亨廷顿氏症和帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和多发性硬化症。当A1星形胶质细胞的形成被阻断时,体内轴突切断的CNS神经元的死亡被阻止。因此,阻断小胶质细胞分泌IL-1a、TNFa,和C1q等诱导因子可以减少A1型星形胶质细胞的生成,对多种疾病治疗起到重要作用。
神经干细胞是具有多向分化潜能的前体细胞,可在不同条件下诱导分化为神经元或胶质细胞,起到修复损伤的作用。同时神经干细胞自身具有调节局部炎症反应、营养神经元的功能,采用神经干细胞作为工程细胞构建的载体具有天然优势。神经干细胞自身有分裂增殖能力,作为工程细胞可以在体内继续扩增,增强治疗效果,延长治疗效应。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明可实现特异性编辑靶细胞的mRNA,其优势在于工程细胞识别靶细胞是高效且特异的,只有当工程细胞识别并与靶细胞表面抗原结合时才会启动基因编辑程序响应,通过抗原抗体结合的特点保证了基因编辑的准确性,降低了脱靶效应。
本发明将工程细胞的下游程序设定为CasRx与gRNA表达,四环素响应元件TRE被四环素转录激活蛋白tTA识别激活,启动下游CasRx及三种sgRNA的表达,实现对靶细胞mRNA进行编辑,扩大工程细胞的适用范围,将其应用于基因编辑领域。
本发明以工程细胞这一高效特异的工具完成基因编辑,可提高基因编辑的针对性、特异性,进一步减少脱靶效应,减少集体非特异性反应,增加基因编辑的安全性,为基因编辑临床转化提供可行方案。
本发明中,工程细胞在靶细胞周围局部富集,集中发挥效能,可提高基因编辑的效率。另外,本发明以靶细胞内的mRNA为靶标,不仅最大程度降低编辑遗传物质的风险性,也能实现灵活动态的基因编辑。由于工程细胞是定制化的,因此可以针对不同靶细胞设计不同合成受体,合成受体胞外段和胞内程序的组合大大丰富了可编辑的细胞种类与基因编辑的目标分子。
附图说明
图1为本发明之一的合成蛋白受体的基蛋白结构及相关慢病毒设计示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1中工程细胞结合并识别小胶质细胞后合成受体激活胞内相响应程序的工作原理图。
图3为本发明实施例1中工程细胞激活后细胞核内CasRx与三种gRNA基因启动表达的示意图。
图4为本发明实施例1中工程细胞CasRx与三种sgRNA翻译合成并在细胞内包装成复合体的示意图,包装好的复合体将通过旁分泌途径作用于邻近的靶细胞。
图5-6为本发明实施例1中转染慢病毒载体后工程细胞合成受体表达水平。
图7为本发明实施例2中工程细胞体外识别靶细胞后标签蛋白核定位的比例随时间变化的情况,核定位比例在24h左右达到高峰。
图8为本发明实施例2中工程细胞识别靶细胞后被激活的情况,在工程细胞激活后Cre酶可以迅速释放并定位至细胞核,以此启动下游合成反应。箭头表示激活后的工程细胞出现标签蛋白和定位现象。
图9为本发明实施例2中工程细胞激活后分泌外泌体的荧光图像。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明中出现的术语“合成蛋白受体”简称合成受体,即为可特异性识别靶细胞的融合蛋白;出现的术语“工程细胞”、“工程化细胞”指将所述合成受体通过DNA重组、DNA注射、质粒转染或病毒转染方式导入真核细胞获得的细胞。
本发明通过重叠延伸PCR构建融合基因,通过慢病毒转染细胞表达出合成受体,同时转染荧光报告基因,得到合成受体修饰的工程细胞,在体外将小胶质细胞与工程细胞共培养检测工程细胞是否被激活;在体内构建疾病模型,如脑出血,检测工程细胞在体内的激活状态;通过免疫荧光染色和流式细胞术分析工程细胞的状态,通过尾静脉注射将工程细胞输送至模型小鼠体内,检测工程细胞发挥的作用。
本发明中,以工程化神经干细胞的制备及其在基因编辑中的应用为范例详细描述,巨噬细胞工程细胞,内皮祖细胞工程细胞、T淋巴细胞工程细胞,胶质细胞工程细胞的制备与应用与之类似。
实施例中提供一种由合成受体修饰的神经干细胞,合成受体由识别靶细胞的胞外段、膜内段天然Notch的最小跨膜核心结构域,胞内段段转录调控因子串联构成,该合成受体的结构如图1所示。
实施例1一种识别小胶质细胞的工程细胞的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备可编辑的神经干细胞
取妊娠小鼠胚胎中的神经干细胞,具体操作如下:
将妊娠小鼠颈椎脱臼处死,迅速浸入-20℃的70%乙醇中消毒5min,置于消毒过的解剖盘中,腹部朝上。用微型剪刀切开子宫顶部,打开子宫,切开胎盘,取出胚胎后用1%P/S冲洗3次。选择大小、形状正常的活胚胎,转移到50ml离心管中,浸入4℃的DMEM-HG和1%P/S中。
后续步骤在冰上进行,显微剪刀在颈脊髓水平切开每个胚胎的头部,并迅速转移到冰上含有4℃的DMEM-HG和1%P/S的盘中。用微型镊子剥离皮肤,然后逐层解剖颅骨和硬脑膜,将整个大脑半球切除。显微切割仪器去除大脑半球的软脑膜和血管。解剖的大脑半球在冰上用一把显微剪刀切成小块。将切碎的组织小心地转移到15ml离心管中,然后以200xg离心5分钟去除上清液,加入3-5ml预热的含有20单位/ml脱氧核糖核酸酶I的accutase溶液。消化后离心弃去上清,重复消化2-3次,消化过程轻轻吹打细胞悬液,将细胞沉淀重悬于20ml新鲜无血清培养基,通过台盼蓝染色计数细胞活力,最后将解离的细胞稀释至2×105个细胞/毫升,并在37℃和5%CO2条件下孵育。
以DMEM/F-12作为基础培养基,并含有20ng/ml表皮生长因子、20ng/ml碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、2%B-27补充剂、2.5μg/ml肝素、1mML谷氨酰胺、1%P/S,以此作为神经干细胞的扩增培养基。
培养条件5%CO2,培养温度37℃,培养时间以干细胞长成直径80~100μm的神经干细胞球为准。
2)构建含合成蛋白基因序列的慢病毒
本实施例中CMV合成蛋白受体由胞外识别结构与CD62E、跨膜核心结构域、含有tTA四环素转录激活蛋白的胞内结构域组成,具体氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.4所示,核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.5所示。
设计合成蛋白受体与基因编辑组件序列的上下游特异性PCR扩增引物,并引入酶切位点,分别以合成蛋白受体序列与基因编辑组件序列为模板,利用重叠延伸PCR进行扩增;所述基因编辑组件包括四环素响应元件TRE序列、含信号肽序列的CasRx序列、IL-1a、TNFa和C1q三种细胞因子mRNA的靶向sgRNA分别为IL-1a sgRNA、TNFa sgRNA、C1q sgRNA,其DNA列分别如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ ID NO.2、SEQ ID NO.3所示。
从cDNA质粒或者文库模板中调取合成受体基因的CDS区,连入T载体;将CDS区从T载体上切下,装入慢病毒过表达质粒载体;
合成siRNA对应的DNA颈环结构,退火后连入慢病毒干扰质粒载体,制备慢病毒穿梭质粒及其辅助包装原件载体质粒,分别对慢病毒过表达质粒载体、慢病毒干扰质粒载体、慢病毒穿梭质粒进行高纯度无内毒素抽提,之后共转染293T细胞,转染后6h更换为神经干细胞的扩增培养基,培养24和48h后,分别收集富含慢病毒颗粒的细胞上清液,病毒上清液通过超离心浓缩病毒,获得包含合成受体序列、四环素响应元件TRE、CasRx转录序列:包括信号肽、U6启动子、终止子和CasRx序列、IL-1a sgRNA、TNFa sgRNA、C1q sgRNA基因的慢病毒。
具体操作步骤如下:
提前一天在15cm板上接种293T细胞,使转染时293T细胞处于对数生长期。将转染质粒按比例混合在一起,混匀以制备DNA,将所需的trans-IT放入DMEM中,每个15cm板2mlDMEM,把trans-IT直接加入培养基,注意不要接触容器壁,将试剂漩涡混匀并静置10分钟。
在30μg的DNA质粒混合物中加入2ml trans-IT/DMEM,漩涡后室温静置15分钟,同时取293T细胞培养皿,抽吸旧培养液,加入新鲜的完全培养液。滴加2ml trans-IT/DNA/DMEM混合物到每个板中,来回晃动培养基,轻轻混匀,放入37℃培养箱孵育,转染48小时后开始收集上清,每12小时收集一次,48960g超速离心90分钟浓缩病毒;吸取底部沉淀,分装并在-80℃下存储。
3)合成受体修饰神经干细胞
取1×107-5×107神经干细胞细胞,弃掉旧的培养液,加入2-4mL新鲜DMEM/F12培养液,加入200-300uL步骤2)得到的病毒浓缩液、终浓度为5μg/ml的Polybrene,置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中感染12-16小时后,弃掉废液,将细胞转移至未包被的培养瓶中,加入20-40mL新鲜DMEM/F12培养液,于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中继续扩增培养3-5天后,感染获得所述合成受体修饰的神经干细胞。
具体操作步骤如下:
(1)慢病毒转染前18-24小时,用0.25%胰酶将神经干细胞消化,离心后加入DMEM/F12培养液重悬制成单细胞悬液并行细胞计数,将细胞悬液以1×105/孔的密度接种到24孔板中。
(2)接种细胞24h后,弃掉旧的培养基,更换为含5μg/ml polybrene的2ml新鲜无血清培养基,计算MOL值为10时所需要的加入的病毒悬液量,加入到培养基中轻轻摇晃混合均匀,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中孵育。
(3)4小时后加入2ml新鲜培养基。
(4)继续培养24小时,更换为新鲜的无病毒的完全培养基。
(5)转染3-4天后在完全培养基中加入嘌呤霉素,嘌呤霉素终浓度为5ug/ml,以筛选稳定转染细胞株,获得含所述合成受体修饰的神经干细胞。
含所述合成受体修饰的神经干细胞可以特异性识别靶细胞,启动细胞内CasRx与gRNA的表达,进而对靶细胞实现mRNA水平的基因编辑,其工作原理如图2-4所示,构建的工程细胞中,合成受体分布于细胞膜上,合成受体横跨整个细胞膜,其中细胞膜外段为识别域,可以与小胶质细胞表面分子标志物CD68蛋白结合,从而赋予了工程细胞特异性识别小胶质细胞的能力。合成受体上的CD62E与CD68结合,导致工程细胞与活化的小胶质细胞黏连,由于机械力的牵拉暴露出合成受体的可水解肽段天然Notch的最小跨膜核心结构域,可水解肽段被水解后效应因子与膜内段的连接被破坏,效应因子从细胞膜上脱落,进入细胞核,激活下游响应元件及靶向基因,实现合成受体的特异性响应。
利用构建的慢病毒转染神经干细胞,获得含有合成蛋白受体的工程细胞,转染慢病毒载体后工程细胞合成受体表达水平情况参见图5-6,其中,1为空载体组,2为对照组,3为合成受体组。
从转录和翻译水平分别对工程细胞合成受体表达情况进行验证,qPCR结果(参见图5)表明空载体组或对照组几乎不含或含极少量的合成受体mRNA,Western blot结果(参见图6)表明自然状态下的神经干细胞不表达合成受体,工程细胞(合成受体组)检测到蛋白形式的合成受体,且表达水平较高。
实施例2工程细胞与活化的小胶质细胞的共培养
1.小胶质细胞培养
选取BV-2小鼠小胶质细胞系与Raw264.7小鼠单核巨噬细胞白血病细胞作为培养对象,DMEM/F12+10%FBS作为完全培养基,培养过程中避免传代时过度吹打使小胶质细胞活化。激活小胶质细胞采用含1ug/ml LPS的培养基孵育小胶质细胞12h。活化后流式细胞术分选出表面抗原CD68阳性的小胶质细胞用于共培养。
2.转染及共培养
将实施例1中获得的含合成受体序列、四环素响应元件TRE和CasRx转录序列、IL-1a sgRNA、TNFa sgRNA、C1q sgRNA基因的慢病毒转染至神经干细胞中,当合成受体与小胶质细胞结合后,四环素转录激活蛋白tTA便会从细胞上脱离下来进入细胞核,与四环素响应元件TRE结合,从而启动CasRx、IL-1a sgRNA、TNFa sgRNA和C1q sgRNA的表达。
将消化好的小胶质细胞与工程细胞用DMEM/F12完全培养基调节至细胞密度为1×106左右,按照1:1的比例将小胶质细胞与工程细胞混合,加入直径6cm的培养皿中,检测工程细胞激活情况,共培养24小时后,检测激活情况以及培养基中CasRx和IL-1a sgRNA、TNFasgRNA、C1q sgRNA的浓度。
图7从左往右分别是标签抗体、标签抗体与细胞核融合图、CD68染色、标签抗体与EGFP及CD68融合图,最右列为第四列中白框的放大图。可以看到,当工程细胞单独培养时,没有CD68分子的激活,此时代表合成受体胞内段的标签抗体定位在细胞膜上,不会进入细胞核内。当工程细胞与BV2小胶质细胞或Raw264.7巨噬细胞共培养时,后两种细胞表面的CD68分子激活工程细胞,标签抗体出现核定位现象,说明此时部分合成受体的胞内段进入了细胞核。因此工程细胞可以识别活化的小胶质细胞并激活胞内结构域入核。
图8中,N2A代表工程细胞单独培养,BV2和Raw264.7分别代表BV2小胶质细胞或Raw264.7巨噬细胞与工程细胞共培养。通过量化工程细胞标签蛋白核定位比例随时间变化的情况,结果发现,在工程细胞单独培养时仅有少量标签抗体核定位,且几乎不随时间变化,这可能代表非特异性激活,共培养条件下激活后标签抗体核定位比例显著上升,且随时延长逐渐增加,这表明激活的Cre酶可以在6小时内迅速释放并定位至细胞核,以此启动下游合成反应,这个过程在24h左右达到高峰。
利用外泌体荧光染料追踪工程细胞合成分泌CasRx与sgRNA的功能,结果见图9,结果显示,工程细胞能以外泌体的形式将CasRx与sgRNA分泌到细胞外。
序列表
<110> 复旦大学附属华山医院
朱剑虹
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ccagtctgca aagctgtcca gtgtgaagcc ttatctgcgc cacagcaggg caacatgaaa 1140
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gaaggatttg aactgaaggg atcaagaaga cttcagtgtg gtccaagagg ggaatgggat 1260
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gcactttctg cggcaggaac ctcactcctg acatcgtcct cattgctcta cttgttgatg 1740
agatactttc ggaagaaagc aaagaaattt gttcctgcta gcagctgcca aagccttcaa 1800
tcgtttgaaa actaccatgt gccttcttac aacgtc 1836
Claims (6)
1.一种利用工程细胞对靶细胞进行基因编辑的系统,包括嵌入合成蛋白受体的工程细胞、靶细胞;所述工程细胞中含有CRISPR/CasRx系统及sgRNA基因序列,CasRx与sgRNA以微囊泡的形式被分泌至靶细胞邻近区域;所述靶细胞表面含有抗原分子;所述靶细胞为小胶质细胞,所述sgRNA为IL-1a、TNFa和C1q三种细胞因子mRNA的靶向sgRNA;所述合成蛋白受体为基于天然Notch受体的合成Notch受体,由胞外靶细胞识别结构域、天然Notch核心结构域、膜内水解多肽及效应因子组成;所述胞外靶细胞识别结构域能够识别所述靶细胞表面的抗原分子;所述胞外识别结构域为Selectin家族中的CD62L、CD62E或CD62P;所述效应因子为CRISPR系统中CasRx酶及sgRNA的转录因子,选自四环素转录激活蛋白或Cre重组酶的结构域。
2.根据权利要求1所述利用工程细胞对靶细胞进行基因编辑的系统,其特征在于,所述IL-1a、TNFa和C1q三种细胞因子mRNA的靶向sgRNA的DNA序列分别如SEQ ID NO.1、SEQ IDNO.2和SEQ ID NO.3所示。
3.根据权利要求1所述利用工程细胞对靶细胞进行基因编辑的系统,其特征在于,所述工程细胞是将所述合成蛋白受体通过DNA重组、DNA注射、质粒转染或病毒转染方式导入真核细胞获得的。
4.根据权利要求4所述利用工程细胞对靶细胞进行基因编辑的系统,其特征在于,所述真核细胞为神经干细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮祖细胞、T淋巴细胞或胶质细胞。
5.一种如权利要求1所述嵌入合成蛋白受体的工程细胞的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备可编辑细胞
制备并培养神经干细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮祖细胞、T淋巴细胞或胶质细胞,提取原代细胞后进行扩增;
2)构建含合成蛋白基因序列与基因编辑组件序列的慢病毒
分别设计合成蛋白受体及基因编辑组件序列的上下游特异性PCR扩增引物,并引入酶切位点,分别以合成蛋白受体序列与基因编辑组件序列为模板,利用重叠延伸PCR进行扩增;所述基因编辑组件包括四环素响应元件TRE序列、CasRx转录序列、sgRNA对应的DNA序列;
从cDNA质粒或者文库模板中调取合成蛋白受体基因与基因编辑组件序列的CDS区,连入T载体;将CDS区从T载体上切下,装入慢病毒过表达质粒载体;合成sgRNA对应的DNA颈环结构,退火后接入慢病毒干扰质粒载体;制备慢病毒穿梭质粒及其辅助包装载体质粒;
分别提取所述慢病毒过表达质粒载体、慢病毒干扰质粒载体、慢病毒穿梭质粒后共转染至293T细胞,得到含合成蛋白受体基因序列与基因编辑组件序列的慢病毒;
3)转染至真核细胞
将慢病毒染至步骤1)中制备的可编辑细胞,同时转染荧光报告基因,得到所述嵌入合成蛋白受体的工程细胞。
6.根据权利要求5所述嵌入合成蛋白受体的工程细胞的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,将转染慢病毒后的可编辑细胞进行扩增,待细胞量占培养瓶80-90%时,观察标记荧光蛋白的表达情况,对转染的细胞群体进行标志物鉴定,检测工程细胞的激活情况。
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