CN114106231B - 一种吸附剂树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种吸附剂树脂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114106231B CN114106231B CN202010895265.8A CN202010895265A CN114106231B CN 114106231 B CN114106231 B CN 114106231B CN 202010895265 A CN202010895265 A CN 202010895265A CN 114106231 B CN114106231 B CN 114106231B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种吸附剂树脂及其制备方法,所述吸附剂树脂主要利用带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球和含胺类化合物进行化学改性反应得到。本发明的制备方法,由于制备过程中避免了致癌性氯甲基甲醚的使用,因此解决了传统工艺中使用致癌性氯甲基甲醚带来的安全环保问题;本发明采用新型交联剂体系,同时实现可与胺类物质反应官能团(卤化基团或环氧基)的引入和对树脂的后交联,从而可实现吸附剂树脂特定的孔结构、比表面积和离子交换容量的有效调控;本发明的新型吸附剂树脂的制备开发,有助于扩展吸附剂树脂在高性能吸附剂、血液净化、催化、能源等重要领域的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能高分子材料中吸附剂树脂的生产工艺技术领域,具体涉及一种吸附剂树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
吸附剂树脂材料,主要包括有离子交换树脂和高交联多孔树脂。其中,离子交换树脂是一种细小三维结构带有离子交换功能基的高分子微粒,所具有的可移动的离子与溶液中的其他离子发生相互置换来实现离子性物质的去除。高交联多孔树脂是一种交联度很高,内部结构复杂,具有多孔网状结构的聚合物吸附剂。尤其是超高交联聚苯乙烯树脂,与传统的吸附剂活性炭相比,其具有较高的比表面积、刚性的骨架和稳定的物理化学性质外,还具有可调控的孔径结构和容易再生循环的优势。作为吸附剂材料,聚苯乙烯型离子交换树脂和离子交换树脂高交联多孔树脂在血液净化、废水处理、化工医药、食品制造等方面有众多的应用;另一方面,作为功能材料,在催化、能源、金属冶炼等领域也得到越来越广泛的应用。
然而,聚苯乙烯离子交换树脂和高交联多孔树脂在生产和使用中仍存在一定问题,如阴离子交换树脂由苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯交联聚合物先经氯甲基化,再经胺化制得;超高交联聚苯乙烯树脂主要采用大孔型低交联聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物的氯甲基化及Friedel-Crafts后交联制得。目前,业界广泛使用氯甲醚为氯甲基化试剂,由于其强致癌性及低沸点易挥发性,对生产操作人员的健康造成极大的威胁、对环境造成较大的污染,且制备成本高昂,从而影响到整个产业的持续发展,有待进一步的技术优化和改进。
吸附剂树脂的比表面积、孔结构、离子交换容量等对吸附剂树脂的特性及性能起到重要影响。实现吸附剂树脂特定的孔结构、比表面积和离子交换容量的有效调控,有助于扩展吸附剂树脂在高性能吸附剂、血液净化、催化、能源、等重要领域的应用。
因而,研发一种避免使用氯甲醚为原料,制备工艺方法绿色环保、且比表面积和孔结构、离子交换容量可控的新型吸附剂树脂,对保障人类健康和促进吸附剂树脂行业发展至关重要。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种吸附剂树脂及其制备方法,该吸附剂树脂不使用氯甲醚为原料,该制备方法绿色环保、且比表面积和孔结构、离子交换容量可控。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供一种吸附剂树脂,所述吸附剂树脂主要利用带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球和含胺类化合物进行化学改性反应得到;
所述含胺类化合物为胺化合物A、胺化合物B的至少一种;
所述胺化合物A具有式(I)分子式结构:
R03NR01R02 (I)
其中,R01、R02、R03分别独立的选自氢、C1~C15的烷基或C1~C15取代烷基;所述取代烷基的取代基选自C6~C12芳基、羟基、C1~C8烷胺基或含有3~8个环原子的杂环基;所述杂环基选自氮杂环和/或氧杂环;
所述式(I)分子式的胺类化合物,即化合物A,优选自三甲胺、二乙胺、二甲基乙胺、二丁胺、二正己胺、辛胺、4-苯基丁胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、2-(乙氨基)乙醇、N,N-二乙基乙二胺、三羟甲基甲胺、3-(二乙基氨基)丙胺、N,N-二甲基亚二丙基三胺、N-(3'-丙胺基)-2-吡咯烷酮、N-甲基-2-(2-吡啶基)乙胺、吗啉、4-(2-氨基乙基)吗啉、哌啶和1-(2-氨基乙基)哌啶中的一种或几种;
所述胺化合物B优选自二环己胺、吡啶、N-甲基环己胺、二乙醇胺、N,N-二辛基胺、N-甲基咪唑、亚氨基二乙酸,胍类化合物、氨基酸的至少一种;
其中,胍类化合物优选自胍、胍基乙酸、氨基胍、硫酸胍、碳酸胍、1,1,3,3-四甲基胍、beta-丙酸胍、1,3-二氨基胍盐酸盐、磺胺胍、1-(邻甲苯基)双胍、甲基胍盐酸盐、脒基硫脲的至少一种;
氨基酸优选为甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸(蛋氨酸)、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸的至少一种;
所述带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球是在溶胀剂、催化剂和交联剂A,交联剂B存在下,对聚苯乙烯基微球进行后交联反应得到;
所述交联剂A的分子式为:
其中,R1为*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、*—CH2CH2CH3、*—CH2CH2CH2CH3、*—CH(CH3)2的其中一种;
R2为H,*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、*—OCH3、*—OCH2CH3、*—OCH(CH3)2、*—OCH2CH2CH2CH3的其中一种;
R3为*—(CH2)n—*和的其中一种;其中n为0~18的整数,m为0~18的整数;
R4为Cl、Br、I、环氧基的其中一种;
其中,*代表共价连接的点。
当R4为环氧基时,交联剂A优选为环氧丙烯醛缩二乙醇、环氧丙烯醛缩二甲醇;
当R4为Cl时,交联剂A优选为4-氯丁醛缩二乙醇、4-氯代苯甲醛缩二乙醇、氯乙醛缩二乙醇、2,2-二氯-1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-氯丙醛二乙醇缩醛、氯代乙醛缩二甲醇、3-氯-1,1-二甲氧基丙烷、4-氯丁醛缩二甲醇、2-氯乙醛缩二甲醇、3-氯-1,1-二甲氧基丙烷、4-氯丁醛缩二甲醇、2-氯乙醛缩二甲醇;
当R4为Br时,交联剂A优选为溴代乙醛缩二乙醇、4-溴丁醛缩二甲醇、溴乙酰二甲缩醛、溴乙醛缩二甲醇、4-溴丁醛缩二甲醇、溴-1,1-二甲氧基乙烷、2-溴-1,1-二甲氧基乙烷;
所述交联剂B的分子式为:
的至少一种;
其中,R5为*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、*—CH2CH2CH3、*—CH2CH2CH2CH3、*—CH(CH3)2的其中一种;k为0~18的整数;
R6为氢,*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、的其中一种;
R7为氢,*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、的其中一种;
其中,*代表共价连接的点。
所述吸附剂树脂的离子交换容量为0.001~5.0mmol/ml。
所述吸附剂树脂的粒径在0.05mm至3mm的范围内。
所述吸附剂树脂的比表面积在10m2/g至3000m2/g的范围内。
本发明所述的吸附剂树脂的制备方法,依次包括如下步骤:
(1)在有机致孔剂和引发剂存在下,将单体通过悬浮聚合得到聚苯乙烯基微球;所述单体为多乙烯基芳香族单体、单乙烯基芳香族单体的至少一种;
(2)在溶胀剂、催化剂和交联剂A、交联剂B存在下,对聚苯乙烯基微球进行后交联反应得到带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球;
(3)带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球和胺类化合物混合,进行化学改性反应,得到吸附剂树脂;
进一步的,在步骤(1)中,本发明将单体通过悬浮聚合得到聚苯乙烯基微球,在悬浮聚合反应的单体中,所述多乙烯基芳香族单体包括由二乙烯基苯、间-二乙烯基苯和对-二乙烯基苯的混合物、三乙烯基苯、二乙烯基甲苯、二乙烯基二甲苯、二乙烯基萘,及其衍生物例如卤代物,比如氯代二乙烯基苯等组成的一类化合物。这些化合物可以单独或者以两种或以上的混合物使用。所述的多乙烯基芳香族单体优选为间-二乙烯基苯和对-二乙烯基苯的至少一种;特别优选的多乙烯基芳香族单体混合物由间-二乙烯基苯和对-二乙烯基苯组成。在本发明的步骤(1)悬浮聚合制备聚苯乙烯基微球中,所述的多乙烯基芳香族单体的量为以共聚物干重计;所述单体包含至少1wt%多乙烯基芳香族单体;所述的多乙烯基芳香族单体的量为以共聚物干重计,优选1-80wt%。
在悬浮聚合反应的单体中,所述的单乙烯基芳香族单体包括但不限于,例如,苯乙烯和C1-C4烷基取代的苯乙烯,比如乙基苯乙烯、间-乙基苯乙烯和对-乙基苯乙烯及其混合物、衍生物例如卤代物,比如氯代苯乙烯和氯代乙基苯乙烯。这些化合物可以单独或者以两种或以上的混合物使用;所述的单乙烯基芳香族单体优选为苯乙烯、间-乙基苯乙烯、对-乙基苯乙烯的至少一种;特别优选的混合物,如间-乙基苯乙烯和对-乙基苯乙烯混合物和苯乙烯、间-乙基苯乙烯和对-乙基苯乙烯的混合物。在本发明的步骤(1)悬浮聚合制备聚苯乙烯基微球中,所述的单乙烯基芳香族单体的量为以共聚物干重计;所述单体包含不超过99wt%单乙烯基芳香族单体;所述的单乙烯基芳香族单体的量为以共聚物干重计,优选20~99wt%。
一种极端情况的实施例,所述的单体包含下列单体,以共聚物干重计:(a)接近100wt%的间-二乙烯基苯和对-二乙烯基苯的至少一种;和(b)几乎0wt%的苯乙烯、间-乙基苯乙烯、对-乙基苯乙烯的至少一种。
一种极端情况的实施例,所述的单体包含下列单体,以共聚物干重计:(a)接近100wt%的苯乙烯、间-乙基苯乙烯、对-乙基苯乙烯的至少一种;和(b)几乎0wt%的间-二乙烯基苯和对-二乙烯基苯的至少一种。
在有些情况下,单体单元还可以含有以共聚物干重计不超过20wt%,优选1~10wt%的共聚的极性乙烯基单体,例如丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸。
在悬浮聚合中使用的有机致孔剂选自有机氯、碳氢化合物、醇的至少一种;所述有机氯为亚甲基二氯、二氯化乙烯、二氯化丙烯、氯苯、氯甲苯的至少一种;所述碳氢化合物为环己胺、甲基环己胺、乙基环己胺、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、环烷烃、链烷烃的至少一种;所述醇为甲基异丁基甲醇、二异丁基甲醇、异辛醇的至少一种;有机致孔剂与单体的体积比为1∶10到10∶1,优选1∶2到3∶1。
在悬浮聚合中使用的引发剂为过氧化物和偶氮化合物的至少一种;所述过氧化物优选过氧化二苯甲酰、2-乙基过氧己酸叔丁酯、过氧化二月桂酰;所述偶氮化合物优选偶氮二异丁腈、2,2’-偶氮二-2-甲基丁腈。
悬浮聚合反应按传统的方法实现,优选在一个包含悬浮助剂(例如分散剂、保护胶体和缓冲液)的连续的水相溶液中,然后将其与含单体、致孔剂和引发剂的有机相溶液混合,在梯度上升的温度下单体共聚合,共聚物为小球状。
步骤(1)中悬浮聚合获得的共聚物小球随后在在步骤(2)中,即在溶胀剂、催化剂和交联剂A、交联剂B存在下,进行后交联反应得到带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球。环氧基团或卤化基团等反应基团的存在,可进一步进行化学改性反应,得到特定功能团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球功能材料。
进一步的,在步骤(2)中,所述的溶胀剂为亚甲基二氯、二氯化乙烯、二氯化丙烯、氯苯、氯甲苯、硝基苯的至少一种;
所述的催化剂为三氯化铁,氯化铝、氯化锌的至少一种。
步骤(2)中,聚苯乙烯基微球、溶胀剂、交联剂A、交联剂B、催化剂质量比为1∶(1~100):(0.1~10)∶(0~10)∶(0~10);
步骤(2)中,后交联反应条件为在20~140℃温度下回流反应3~80h。
步骤(2)中,经回流后交联反应得到的产物,可进一步进行洗涤、净化、干燥,得到带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球
步骤(2)中,可采用将聚苯乙烯基微球与溶胀剂混合,在10~60℃条件下溶胀1~12h;再分别加入交联剂A、交联剂B和催化剂,进行后交联反应;
步骤(2)中,可采用将聚苯乙烯基微球与溶胀剂、交联剂A、交联剂B混合,在10~60℃条件下溶胀1~12h;再加入催化剂,进行后交联反应;
步骤(2)中,可采用将聚苯乙烯基微球与溶胀剂、交联剂A混合,在10~60℃条件下溶胀1~12h;再分别加入交联剂B和催化剂,进行后交联反应;
步骤(2)中,可通过改变交联剂A、交联剂B的加入顺序,加入量等反应条件,来控制产物的结构与性能。
步骤(2)中经过后交联反应得到的带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,进一步与胺类化合物进行化学改性反应,得到吸附剂,可作为多孔吸附剂、离子交换树脂、萃淋树脂和螯合树脂。
进一步的,在步骤(3)中,带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球与胺类化合物进行化学改性反应,优选在溶液环境中进行反应;所述溶液优选为水溶液、醇溶液、或水/醇混合液的其中一种;
步骤(3)中,带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球和胺类化合物的质量比为1∶(0.01~10);带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球和胺类化合物反应的条件为在20~140℃温度下反应1~48h;所述带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球与溶液液体的质量比优选为1∶(1~1000)。
要强调的是,悬浮聚合反应、后交联反应和后续的化学改性反应的条件对产物的离子交换容量、表面积和孔容等性能有影响,所述的悬浮聚合反应条件包括,加入单体的种类和含量、交联的程度、致孔剂的存在与否和种类;后交联反应条件包括,催化剂的量、交联剂的种类和含量、反应时间和反应温度等;化学改性反应的条件包括,胺类化合物的种类及加入量、反应时间和反应温度等。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有如下优点和有益效果:
1)本发明的制备方法,由于制备过程中避免了致癌性氯甲基甲醚的使用,因此解决了传统工艺中使用致癌性氯甲基甲醚带来的安全环保问题;
2)本发明采用新型交联剂体系,同时实现可与胺类物质反应官能团(卤化基团或环氧基)的引入和对树脂的后交联,从而可实现吸附剂树脂特定的孔结构、比表面积和离子交换容量的有效调控;
3)本发明的新型吸附剂树脂的制备开发,有助于扩展吸附剂树脂在高性能吸附剂、血液净化、催化、能源等重要领域的应用。
附图说明
图1为实施例5中带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球的制备原理示意图;
图2为实施例5中带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球的外观SEM图;
图3为实施例5中带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球的内部SEM图;
图4为实施例11中所制备的吸附剂树脂的准备原理示意图;
图5为实施例11中所制备的吸附剂树脂的内部SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例子对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
预设搅拌速度140rpm,将10g 80%二乙烯基苯/20%乙基苯乙烯、90g苯乙烯、50g甲苯、150g甲基异丁基甲醇、1.5g过氧化苯甲酰搅拌均匀组成油相;将油相加入预溶解均匀的由800g去离子水、5g明胶组成的水相,开启搅拌,加热混合物至60-80℃,恒温9小时。将聚合得到的树脂中的致孔剂去除,净化得到聚苯乙烯基微球。
实施例2
预设搅拌速度140rpm,将6g 80%二乙烯基苯/20%乙基苯乙烯、94g苯乙烯、140g甲苯、10g甲基异丁基甲醇、1.5g过氧化苯甲酰搅拌均匀组成油相;将油相加入预溶解均匀的由800g去离子水、5g明胶组成的水相,开启搅拌,加热混合物至60-80℃,恒温9小时。将聚合得到的树脂中的致孔剂去除,净化得到聚苯乙烯基微球。
实施例3
利用实施例1的聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带有含量较高溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球。即取100g通过实施例1所制备的聚苯乙烯基微球,与500g二氯化乙烯相混合,室温溶胀12h;加入200g溴乙酰二甲缩醛和300g无水氯化铁,加热混合物至50~90℃,恒温回流反应10h;洗涤、净化、干燥,得到带有溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球。
实施例4
利用实施例1的聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带有含量较低溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球。即取100g通过实施例1所制备的聚苯乙烯基微球,与500g二氯化乙烯相混合,室温溶胀12h;加入10g溴乙酰二甲缩醛、100g二甲氧基甲烷和300g无水氯化铁,加热混合物至50~90℃,恒温回流反应10h;洗涤、净化、干燥,得到带有溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球。
实施例5
利用实施例2的聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带有含量较高氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球。即取100g通过实施例2所制备的聚苯乙烯基微球,与500g二氯化乙烯相混合,室温溶胀12h;加入200g 2-氯乙醛缩二甲醇和300g无水氯化铁,加热混合物至50~100℃,恒温回流反应20h;洗涤、净化、干燥,得到带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球。
图1为实施例5中带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球的制备原理示意图。图2为实施例5中带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球的外观SEM图,从图中可以看到,所制备的微球具有光滑的表面。图3为实施例5中带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球的内部SEM图,从图中可以看到,所制备的带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球的内部具有明显的多孔结构。
实施例6
利用实施例2的聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带有含量较低环氧基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球。即取100g通过实施例2所制备的聚苯乙烯基微球,与500g二氯化乙烯相混合,室温溶胀12h;加入15g环氧丙烯醛缩二甲醇、200g原甲酸三甲酯和300g无水氯化铝,加热混合物至50~100℃,恒温回流反应20h;洗涤、净化、干燥,得到带有环氧基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球。
实施例7
利用实施例3的带有含量较高溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带季胺基团的吸附剂树脂;即取100g实施例3的带有溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,与200g水和30g三甲胺混合,在60℃条件下反应12h,净化,得到吸附剂树脂。
实施例8
利用实施例3的带有含量较高溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带叔胺基团的吸附剂树脂;即取100g实施例3的带有溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,与200g水和30g二甲胺混合,在60℃条件下反应12h,净化,得到吸附剂树脂。
实施例9
利用实施例4的带有含量较低溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带季胺基团的吸附剂树脂;即取100g实施例4的带有溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,与300g水和40g三甲胺混合,在70℃条件下反应12h,净化,得到吸附剂树脂。
实施例10
利用实施例4的带有含量较低溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带叔胺基团的吸附剂树脂;即取100g实施例4的带有溴甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,与300g水和40g二乙醇胺混合,在70℃条件下反应12h,净化,得到吸附剂树脂。
实施例11
利用实施例5的带有含量较高氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带季胺基团的吸附剂树脂;即取100g实施例5的带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,与400g水和50g三甲胺混合,在80℃条件下反应24h,净化,得到吸附剂树脂。
图4为实施例11中所制备的吸附剂树脂的准备原理示意图;图5为实施例11中所制备的吸附剂树脂的内部SEM图,从图中可以看到,所制备的吸附剂树脂的内部具有明显的多孔结构。
实施例12
利用实施例5的带有含量较高氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带氨基酸基团的吸附剂树脂;即取100g实施例5的带有氯甲基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,与200g水、200乙醇和50g精氨酸混合,在80℃条件下反应24h,净化,得到吸附剂树脂。
实施例13
利用实施例6的带有含量较低环氧基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带季胺基团的吸附剂树脂;即取100g实施例6的带有环氧基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,与200g水和20g三甲胺混合,在80℃条件下反应24h,净化,得到吸附剂树脂。
实施例14
利用实施例6的带有含量较低环氧基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,制备带氨基酸基团的吸附剂树脂;即取100g实施例6的带有环氧基基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球,与200g水、200乙醇和20g精氨酸混合,在80℃条件下反应24h,净化,得到吸附剂树脂。
对于上面的多个实施例分别得到的吸附剂,同时以商品化树脂AMBERLITE XAD16,商品化灌流器树脂HA130和BS330作为参照样,依次进行了吸附剂物化参数评价、吸附性能评价和安全性评价等。
(1)物化参数评价
采用比表面积与孔隙分析仪,N2吸附-脱附法测定树脂的孔径与比表面积数据。
将5ml吸附剂树脂与15ml纯水溶液混合,置于60℃条件下100h,检测溶液的pH值,即为保存液pH值。
表1实施例及对照例的物化评价数据
通过实施例与对照例的比较,可知通过改变制备工艺条件,可获得具有不同孔结构的吸附剂。
(2)吸附性能评价的操作方法如下:
分别取含乐果、戊巴比妥钠、白介素6(IL-6)、的肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α、甲状旁腺激素PTH、胆红素、胆汁酸、硫酸对甲酚PCS、硫酸吲哚酚IS的血浆溶液10ml,加入上述实施例和对照例所得的吸附树脂1ml,在37℃下震荡2小时后,分别测定被吸附物质的变化,结果参见下面的表2和表3。
表2实施例及对照例的吸附性能数据
从表2中结果可以看出,实施例7~14制备的吸附剂均有较高对甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、乐果、戊巴比妥钠、白细胞介素IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子TNF-a的吸附率,优于对照样。实施例7~14制备的吸附剂对白蛋白和总蛋白的吸附率低于对照样,表现出较好的血液相容性。
表3实施例及对照例的蛋白结合毒素吸附性能数据
从表3中结果可以看出,实施例7~14制备的吸附剂对总胆红素、总胆汁酸、硫酸吲哚酚(IS)以及硫酸对甲酚(PCS)等蛋白结合类毒素具有较好的吸附性能,优于对照样。
(3)血液相容性和安全性评价如下:
主要采用溶血和血小板粘附,即试验根据GB/T16886.4-2003和GB/T16175-1996进行材料的血液相容性和安全性测试。结果参见下面的表4。
表4实施例及对照例的溶血及血小板粘附评价数据
从表4中结果可以看出,实施例7至14具有较低的溶血率和血小板粘附率,表现出较好的血液相容性。同时,对本发明实施例7至14的吸附剂进行细胞毒性、血栓形成、凝血、补体激活、免疫性等生物相容性进行检测,均显示出优异的生物相容性结果。
最后需要强调的是,以上仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种变化和更改,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种吸附剂树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)在有机致孔剂和引发剂存在下,将单体通过悬浮聚合得到聚苯乙烯基微球;所述单体为多乙烯基芳香族单体、单乙烯基芳香族单体的至少一种;
(2)在溶胀剂、催化剂和交联剂A、交联剂B存在下,对聚苯乙烯基微球进行后交联反应得到带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球;
(3)带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球和胺类化合物混合,进行化学改性反应,得到吸附剂树脂;
所述吸附剂树脂是利用带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球和含胺类化合物进行化学改性反应得到;
所述含胺类化合物为胺化合物A、胺化合物B的至少一种;
所述胺化合物A具有式(I)分子式结构:
R03NR01R02(I)
其中,R01、R02、R03分别独立的选自氢、C1~C15的烷基或C1~C15取代烷基;所述取代烷基的取代基选自C6~C12芳基、羟基、C1~C8烷胺基或含有3~8个环原子的杂环基;所述杂环基选自氮杂环和/或氧杂环;
所述胺化合物B选自二环己胺、吡啶、N-甲基环己胺、二乙醇胺、N,N-二辛基胺、N-甲基咪唑、亚氨基二乙酸,胍类化合物、氨基酸的至少一种;
所述带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球是在溶胀剂、催化剂和交联剂A、交联剂B存在下,对聚苯乙烯基微球进行后交联反应得到;
所述交联剂A的分子式为:
其中,R1为*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、*—CH2CH2CH3、*—CH2CH2CH2CH3、*—CH(CH3)2的其中一种;
R2为H,*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、*—OCH3、*—OCH2CH3、*—OCH(CH3)2、*—OCH2CH2CH2CH3的其中一种;
R3为*—(CH2)n—*和的其中一种;其中n为0~18的整数,m为0~18的整数;
R4为Cl、Br、I、环氧基的其中一种;
*代表共价连接的点;
的至少一种;
所述交联剂B的分子式为:
其中,R5为*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、*—CH2CH2CH3、*—CH2CH2CH2CH3、*—CH(CH3)2的其中一种;k为0~18的整数;
R6为氢,*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、的其中一种;
R7为氢,*—CH3、*—CH2CH3、的其中一种;
其中,*代表共价连接的点;
所述的催化剂为Lewis酸、质子酸的至少一种;
所述的有机致孔剂为有机氯、碳氢化合物、醇的至少一种;
所述的引发剂为过氧化物、偶氮化合物的至少一种;
所述的多乙烯基芳香族单体为间-二乙烯基苯和对-二乙烯基苯的至少一种;
所述的单乙烯基芳香族单体为苯乙烯、间-乙基苯乙烯、对-乙基苯乙烯的至少一种;
所述的溶胀剂为亚甲基二氯、二氯化乙烯、二氯化丙烯、氯苯、氯甲苯、硝基苯的至少一种;
所述的催化剂为三氯化铁,氯化铝、氯化锌的至少一种;
所述吸附剂树脂的离子交换容量为0.001~5.0mmol/ml;
所述吸附剂树脂的粒径在0.05mm至3mm的范围内;
所述吸附剂树脂的比表面积在10m2/g至3000m2/g的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附剂树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述单体包含至少1wt%多乙烯基芳香族单体和不超过99wt%单乙烯基芳香族单体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附剂树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述有机氯为亚甲基二氯、二氯化乙烯、二氯化丙烯、氯苯、氯甲苯的至少一种;
所述碳氢化合物为环己胺、甲基环己胺、乙基环己胺、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、环烷烃、链烷烃的至少一种;
所述醇为甲基异丁基甲醇、二异丁基甲醇、异辛醇的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附剂树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,聚苯乙烯基微球、溶胀剂、交联剂A、交联剂B、催化剂的质量比为1∶(1~100)∶(0.1~10)∶(0~10)∶(0~10)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附剂树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,后交联反应条件为在20~140℃温度下回流反应3~80h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附剂树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球和胺类化合物的质量比为1∶(0.01~10)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种吸附剂树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:带有环氧基团或卤化基团的多孔聚苯乙烯基微球和胺类化合物的化学改性反应条件为在20~140℃温度下反应1~48h。
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CN109718742A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-07 | 武汉仝干医疗科技股份有限公司 | 聚合物在血液及血浆灌流吸附剂中的应用 |
CN111135807A (zh) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-05-12 | 刘云晖 | 一种高机械强度亲水性全血灌流用吸附剂及其制备方法 |
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