CN114080409A - 制备含有脲基甲酸酯-和/或硫代脲基甲酸酯基团的化合物的方法 - Google Patents
制备含有脲基甲酸酯-和/或硫代脲基甲酸酯基团的化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114080409A CN114080409A CN202080050382.2A CN202080050382A CN114080409A CN 114080409 A CN114080409 A CN 114080409A CN 202080050382 A CN202080050382 A CN 202080050382A CN 114080409 A CN114080409 A CN 114080409A
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- uretdione
- bis
- groups
- isocyanate
- Prior art date
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
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- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical group O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- -1 carboxylate anion Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- BSKSXTBYXTZWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 BSKSXTBYXTZWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
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- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 6
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- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1N SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCC(N)C1 GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)CC1 RXYPXQSKLGGKOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpiperidine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1 PAMIQIKDUOTOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- JOBBTVPTPXRUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxy)-2,2-bis(3-sulfanylpropanoyloxymethyl)propyl] 3-sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound SCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCS)(COC(=O)CCS)COC(=O)CCS JOBBTVPTPXRUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
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- CEUQYYYUSUCFKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(2-sulfanylethylsulfanyl)propane-1-thiol Chemical compound SCCSCC(CS)SCCS CEUQYYYUSUCFKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OZUBMBIDHPBIDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Propylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CCCC1CCC(N)CC1 OZUBMBIDHPBIDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- INUVVGTZMFIDJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-dithiol Chemical compound C1=CC(S)=CC2=CC(S)=CC=C21 INUVVGTZMFIDJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000962 poly(amidoamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113165 trimethylolpropane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XYWDHYCFBKMVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(sulfanylmethylsulfanyl)methylsulfanylmethanethiol Chemical compound SCSC(SCS)(SCS)SCS XYWDHYCFBKMVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/02—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only
- C08G18/027—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only the polymeric products containing urethodione groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
- C08G18/20—Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof
- C08G18/2009—Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof containing one heterocyclic ring
- C08G18/2027—Heterocyclic amines; Salts thereof containing one heterocyclic ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/798—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing urethdione groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2150/00—Compositions for coatings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于制备含有脲基甲酸酯基团和/或硫代脲基甲酸酯基团的化合物的方法,包括在组分C)的存在下组分A)与B)的反应:A)至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分,B)至少一种具有至少一个羟基和/或硫醇基团的组分,C)至少一种催化剂,所述催化剂含有通式(I)和/或(II)的结构要素其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6彼此独立地代表相同或不同的基团,其表示饱和或不饱和的,直链或支链的,脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族的具有1至18个碳原子的有机基团,该有机基团是取代或未取代的和/或在链中具有杂原子,其中所述基团还能够彼此任选地与另外的杂原子一起组合形成具有3至8个碳原子的环,该环能够任选地被进一步取代,其中R3、R4、R5和R6也可以彼此独立地代表氢,和R7代表氢或羧酸根阴离子(COO‑),其中所述至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分A)是能够通过异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)与醇和/或胺的反应获得的加聚化合物A2),所述加聚化合物A2)在无溶剂形式中具有小于5重量%的游离异氰酸酯基团含量。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备含有脲基甲酸酯-和/或硫代脲基甲酸酯基团的化合物的方法、含有脲二酮基团的组合物以及这些组合物用于制备聚氨酯塑料或涂料的用途。此外,本发明涉及含有该组合物的涂层剂和涂覆有该涂层剂的基材。
含脲二酮基团的加聚产物已知为可热交联聚氨酯 (PUR) 涂料-和粘合剂组合物的交联剂组分。在这些产物中,交联原理是脲二酮基团生成异氰酸酯基团的热开环及其与羟基官能或氨基官能的粘料的反应。
含有脲二酮基团的交联剂如今在实践中几乎专门用于制备无解离物(abspalterfrei)聚氨酯 (PUR) 粉末涂料(例如 DE-A 2 312 391、DE-A 2 420 475、EP-A0 045 994、EP-A 0 045 996、EP-A 0 045 998、EP-A 0 639 598 或 EP-A 0 669 353)。使用含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯作为用于含溶剂或含水单组分体系的交联剂组分尽管同样已被描述(例如 WO 99/11690、WO 2014/053269),但尤其是由于以脲二酮结构形式内部封闭存在的异氰酸酯基团相对低的反应性,其与多元醇结合通常需要至少 160℃ 的烘烤温度,此类体系迄今尚不能被市场普遍接受。
并不缺乏通过使用合适的催化剂来降低含有脲二酮基团的涂料体系的固化温度的尝试。为此目的已经提出了各种化合物,例如由聚氨酯化学已知的有机金属催化剂,如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)、月桂酸锡(II)、二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡(例如 EP-A 0 045 994、EP-A 0 045 998、EP-A 0 601 079、WO 91/07452 或 DE-A 2 420 475)、氯化铁(III)、氯化锌、 2-乙基己酸锌和乙醇酸钼,叔胺如三乙胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、苄基二甲胺、N,N-内亚乙基哌嗪、N-甲基哌啶、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N-二甲基氨基环己烷和N,N'-二甲基哌嗪(例如EP-A 0 639 598) 或 N,N,N'-三取代脒,特别是双环脒,如 1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯 (DBN) 和1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU) (例如EP-A 0 803 524或WO 2011/115669)。
在这些催化剂中,所提及的双环脒允许最低的烘烤温度。然而,它们同时导致对于许多应用领域而言无法接受的高度泛黄。
根据EP-A 1 137 689的教导,路易斯酸催化剂例如上述锡-或锌化合物被酸性基团例如羧基抑制。因此,只有当所用的羟基官能粘料不含羧基时,它们才能在脲二酮体系中发挥其全部催化活性。这例如可以通过同时加入足量的羧基反应性试剂,例如碳二亚胺或环氧化物来实现。
在不存在羧基的情况下或在与羧基反应性化合物共同使用的情况下,合适的催化剂也是季铵氢氧化物和铵氟化物(例如 EP-A 1 334 987)、羧酸铵(例如 EP-A 1 475 399,EP-A 1 522 547)、鏻的氢氧化物、醇盐或羧酸盐(例如WO 2005/085315)或金属的氢氧化物和醇盐(例如EP-A 1 475 400),用它们可以明显降低脲二酮体系的固化温度。
在固化时,原则上,脲二酮结构可以以两种方式反应:完全裂解成两个异氰酸酯基团,它们进一步与多元醇的两个羟基形成氨基甲酸酯基团,或仅一侧开环与多元醇的仅一个羟基形成脲基甲酸酯结构。在催化的脲二酮体系中,两种反应通常同时发生,其中两种反应产物之间的偏好随固化条件,特别是温度而移动。同时,经常也可以以不同程度观察到异氰酸酯基团三聚成异氰脲酸酯结构。
在实践中,脲二酮的这种没有明确定义的固化行为使得脲二酮交联剂与多元醇之间最佳化学计量的设定变得困难,并导致低温交联脲二酮体系的低流行。
因此,本发明的目的是提供用于降低脲二酮体系的固化温度的新的催化剂,其导致脲二酮结构的尽可能完全的反应并且在此情况下提供不依赖于固化温度的固定比例的反应产物。
该目的通过提供下文更详细描述的催化的含有脲二酮基团的组合物来实现。
本发明基于令人惊讶的观察,即具有咪唑鎓-或二氢咪唑鎓结构的特殊的盐是用于脲二酮与醇和/或硫醇的反应的高效催化剂,其中不依赖于所选温度仅以固定比例形成脲基甲酸酯-、硫代脲基甲酸酯-和任选的异氰脲酸酯结构。
这种催化剂是已知的并且过去也已经用于聚氨酯化学中。WO 2011/061314 还描述了咪唑鎓盐作为毒理学上有问题的锡催化剂例如二月桂酸二丁基锡 (DBTL)的可能的替代物用于聚氨酯合成中异氰酸酯与多元醇的反应。虽然在该出版物中在用于氨基甲酸酯化的一长串可能的起始多异氰酸酯中也概括性提及了具有脲二酮结构的起始多异氰酸酯,但该出版物全篇完全没有指出咪唑鎓-和二氢咪唑鎓化合物特别适合作为催化剂用于选择性裂解脲二酮,形成脲基甲酸酯-或硫代脲基甲酸酯结构。
公开了用于制备含有脲基甲酸酯基团和/或硫代脲基甲酸酯基团的化合物的方法,包括在组分C)的存在下组分A) 与B) 的反应
A) 至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分,
B) 至少一种具有至少一个羟基和/或硫醇基团的组分
C) 至少一种催化剂,所述催化剂含有通式(I)和/或(II)的结构要素
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5 和R6 彼此独立地代表相同或不同的基团,其表示饱和或不饱和的,直链或支链的,脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族的具有1至18个碳原子的有机基团,该有机基团是取代或未取代的和/或在链中具有杂原子,其中所述基团还能够彼此任选地与另外的杂原子一起组合形成具有3至8个碳原子的环,该环能够任选地被进一步取代,其中
R3、R4、R5 和R6 也可以彼此独立地代表氢,和
R7 代表氢或羧酸根阴离子(COO-)。
本发明提供用于制备含有脲基甲酸酯基团和/或硫代脲基甲酸酯基团的化合物的方法,包括在组分C)的存在下组分A) 与B) 的反应
A) 至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分
B) 至少一种具有至少一个羟基和/或硫醇基团的组分
C) 至少一种催化剂,所述催化剂含有通式(I)和/或(II)的结构要素
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5 和R6 彼此独立地代表相同或不同的基团,其表示饱和或不饱和的,直链或支链的,脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族的具有1至18个碳原子的有机基团,该有机基团是取代或未取代的和/或在链中具有杂原子,其中所述基团还能够彼此任选地与另外的杂原子一起组合形成具有3至8个碳原子的环,该环能够任选地被进一步取代,其中
R3、R4、R5 和R6 也可以彼此独立地代表氢,和
R7 代表氢或羧酸根阴离子(COO-),其中所述至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分A)是能够通过异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)与醇和/或胺的反应获得的加聚化合物A2),所述加聚化合物A2)在无溶剂形式中具有小于 5重量%的游离异氰酸酯基团含量。
根据本发明,对“包括”、“含有”等的提及优选表示“基本上由……组成”并且非常特别优选表示“由……组成”。在权利要求中和说明书中提及的其他实施方式可以任意组合,只要上下文中没有明确指示相反的情况。
具有脲二酮基团的组分A)是任意的、任选异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1),如其可通过本身已知的方法获得,例如通过单体异氰酸酯的低聚,和/或是可通过异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1) 与醇和/或胺的反应获得的加聚化合物A2)。
在根据本发明的方法中,所述至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分A)是可通过异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1) 与醇和/或胺的反应获得的加聚化合物A2)。
合适的用于制备含脲二酮基团的化合物 A1) 的异氰酸酯是任意的、可供使用的具有脂族、脂环族、芳脂族和/或芳族键合的异氰酸酯基团的单-、二-和三异氰酸酯,其可通过各种方式获得,例如通过在液相或气相中的光气化或通过无光气途径,例如通过氨基甲酸酯热裂解。
优选的单异氰酸酯是分子量范围为 99 至 300 的那些,例如异氰酸正丁酯、异氰酸正戊酯、异氰酸正己酯、异氰酸正庚酯、异氰酸正辛酯、异氰酸十一烷基酯、异氰酸十二烷基酯、异氰酸十四烷基酯、异氰酸鲸蜡酯、异氰酸硬脂酯、异氰酸环戊酯、异氰酸环己酯、异氰酸3-或4-甲基环己酯、异氰酸苄酯、异氰酸苯酯或异氰酸萘酯。
优选的二异氰酸酯是分子量范围为 140 至 400 的那些,例如 1,4-二异氰酸根合丁烷、1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷(五亚甲基二异氰酸酯,PDI)、1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷(六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,HDI)、2-甲基-1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷、1,5-二异氰酸根合-2,2-二甲基戊烷、2,2,4-和2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷、1,10-二异氰酸根合癸烷、1,3-和1,4-二异氰酸根合环己烷、1,3-和1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)环己烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合-2(4)-甲基环己烷、1-异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸根合甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,IPDI)、2,4'-和 4,4'-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷 (H12-MDI)、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3'-二甲基二环己基甲烷、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3',5,5'-四甲基二环己基甲烷、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-1,1'-联(环己基)、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-3,3'-二甲基-1,1'-联(环己基)、4,4'-二异氰酸根合-2,2',5,5'-四甲基-1,1'-联(环己基)、1,8-二异氰酸根合-p-薄荷烷、1,3-二异氰酸根合金刚烷、1,3-二甲基-5,7-二异氰酸根合金刚烷、1-异氰酸根合-1-甲基-4(3)-异氰酸根合-甲基环己烷、双(异氰酸根合甲基)降冰片烷 (NBDI)、1,3- 和 1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)苯(苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,XDI)、1,3 - 和 1,4-双(2-异氰酸根合丙-2-基)苯(四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,TMXDI)、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-4-甲基苯、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-4-乙基苯, 1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-5-甲基苯、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-4,5-二甲基苯、1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,5-二甲基苯、1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-5-叔丁基苯、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-4-氯苯、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-4,5-二氯苯、1,3-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,4,5,6-四氯苯、1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,3,5,6-四氯苯、1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,3,5,6-四溴苯、1,4-双(2-异氰酸根合乙基)苯和1,4-双(异氰酸根合甲基)萘、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-二异氰酸根合苯(苯二异氰酸酯)、2,4- 和 2,6-二异氰酸根合甲苯(甲苯二异氰酸酯,TDI)、2,3,5,6-四甲基-1,4-二异氰酸根合苯、异构的二乙基亚苯基二异氰酸酯、二异丙基亚苯基二异氰酸酯、二异十二烷基亚苯基二异氰酸酯和联苯二异氰酸酯、3,3'-二甲氧基联苯-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、2,2'-, 2,4'- 和 4,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基甲烷 (MDI)、3,3'-二甲基二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二异氰酸根合二苯基乙烷、1,5-二异氰酸根合萘(萘二异氰酸酯,NDI)、二苯基醚二异氰酸酯、乙二醇二苯基醚二异氰酸酯、二乙二醇二苯基醚二异氰酸酯、1,3-丙二醇二苯基醚二异氰酸酯、二苯甲酮二异氰酸酯、三异氰酸根合苯、2,4,6-三异氰酸根合甲苯、三甲基苯三异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-2,4,4'-三异氰酸酯、3-甲基二苯基甲烷-4,6,4'-三异氰酸酯、异构的萘三异氰酸酯和甲基萘二异氰酸酯、三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯或2,4-二异氰酸根合-1-[(5-异氰酸根合-2-甲基苯基)甲基]苯。
此外,其他同样合适的二异氰酸酯可以在例如 Justus Liebigs Annalen derChemie,第 562 卷 (1949)第75-136页中找到。
作为特别合适的三异氰酸酯可以示例性地提及4-异氰酸根合甲基-1,8-辛烷二异氰酸酯(三异氰酸根合壬烷;TIN)。
为制备含脲二酮基团的化合物A1),也可以使用至少两种这样的单-、二-和/或三异氰酸酯的混合物。
优选使用单体二异氰酸酯用于制备含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)。
特别优选使用PDI、HDI、IPDI、XDI、NBDI和/或H12 -MDI。
含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)的制备可以通过各种方法进行,这些方法通常基于从文献已知的用于简单二异氰酸酯低聚的常规方法,其例如记载在J. Prakt. Chem. 336(1994) 185 - 200, DE-A 16 70 666, DE-A 19 54 093, DE-A 24 14 413, DE-A 24 52532, DE-A 26 41 380, DE-A 37 00 209 , DE-A 39 00 053, DE-A 39 28 503, EP-A336 205, EP-A 339 和EP-A 798 299中。
在仅使用或按比例共同使用单异氰酸酯的情况下,含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)可以不含异氰酸酯基团。然而,优选其制备至少还以这样的量使用二-和/或三异氰酸酯,以至于获得平均NCO官能度为至少1.6,优选1.8至3.5,特别优选1.9至3.2,非常特别优选2.0至2.7的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)。
在平均NCO官能度> 2.0的情况下,在这些异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)中除了线性双官能脲二酮结构以外还存在至少三官能的其它多异氰酸酯分子。化合物A1)的这些更高官能的成分特别是具有异氰脲酸酯-、脲基甲酸酯-、缩二脲-、氨基甲酸酯-和/或亚氨基噁二嗪二酮结构的二异氰酸酯已知后续产物。
含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)通常在其上述的通过改性简单的单体单-、二-和/或三异氰酸酯进行制备后根据已知方法例如通过薄膜蒸馏或萃取立即除去未反应的过量单体。因此,其通常具有小于5重量%,优选小于2重量%,特别优选小于1重量%的单体二异氰酸酯的残余含量。
不依赖于所选制备方法,含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)通常具有10至25重量%,优选12至23重量%,特别优选14至20重量%的脲二酮结构(作为C2N2O2计算,分子量=84)的含量。
在另一个优选的实施方式中,组分A1)是基于PDI、HDI、IPDI、XDI、NBDI和/或H12 -MDI的含脲二酮基团的化合物,其优选具有至少1.6的平均NCO官能度并且特别优选具有10至25重量%的脲二酮结构(作为C2N2O2计算,分子量=84)的含量。
同样适合作为本发明组合物的具有脲二酮基团的组分A)的是加聚化合物A2),其例如可通过上述异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)的至少一部分游离异氰酸酯基团与醇和/或胺的反应获得。
用于制备加聚化合物A2)的合适的醇是例如简单的脂族或脂环族一元醇,如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇,异构的戊醇、己醇、辛醇和壬醇,正癸醇、正十二醇、正十四醇、正十六醇、正十八醇、环己醇,异构的甲基环己醇和羟甲基环己烷,醚醇如2-甲氧基乙醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、2-丙氧基乙醇、2-丁氧基乙醇、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、3-甲氧基-1-丁醇和甘油-1,3-二乙醚,酯醇,如乙酸羟乙酯、乙醇酸丁酯、乳酸乙酯、二乙酸甘油酯或可以通过所提及的一元醇与内酯的反应获得的那些,或醚醇,如其可以通过所提及的一元醇与环氧烷,特别是环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的反应获得。
同样适用于制备加聚化合物A2)的醇是分子量范围为62至22 000的任意的至少双官能的多元醇,优选平均官能度为2至6且数均分子量为62至18 000的那些,特别优选平均官能度为 2 至 4且数均分子量为 90 至 12 000的那些。
用于制备加聚化合物A2)的合适的多元醇是例如具有2至14个,优选4至10个碳原子的简单的多元醇,例如1,2-乙二醇、1,2-和-1,3-丙二醇,异构的丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、庚二醇和辛二醇,1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、1,2-和-1,4-环己烷二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、1,4-双(2-羟基乙氧基)苯、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷(双酚A)、2,2-双-(4-羟基环己基)丙烷(全氢双酚)、1,2,3-丙三醇、1,2,4-丁三醇、1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷、1,2,6-己三醇、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷 (TMP)、双-(2-羟基乙基)氢醌、1,2,4-和1,3,5-三羟基环己烷、1,3,5-三(2-羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、3(4),8(9)-双-(羟基甲基)-三环-[5.2.1.02,6]癸烷、二-三羟甲基丙烷、2,2-双(羟基甲基)-1,3-丙二醇(季戊四醇)、2,2,6,6-四(羟基甲基)-4-氧杂-庚烷- 1,7-二醇(二季戊四醇)、甘露醇或山梨醇、低分子量醚醇,例如二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、二丙二醇或二丁二醇,或低分子量酯醇,例如羟基新戊酸新戊二醇酯。
用于制备加聚化合物A2)的合适的多元醇也是由聚氨酯化学已知的常见聚合聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇和/或聚丙烯酸酯多元醇,其数均分子量通常为200至22 000,优选250至18 000,特别优选250至12 000。用于制备加聚化合物A2)的合适聚合多元醇的广泛概述可参见例如N.Adam等人Polyurethanes. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA; 2005. URL:https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.a21_665.pub2。合适的聚醚多元醇例如在 DE 26 22951 B,第 6 栏第 65 行至第 7 栏第 26 行、EP-A 0 978 523 第 4 页第 45 行至第 5页第 14 行或WO 2011/069966,第 4 页第 20 行至第 5 页第 23 行提及的类型中找到,只要它们在官能度和分子量方面相应于前述已给出的说明。特别优选的聚醚多元醇是环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷在1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、乙二胺和/或季戊四醇上的加成产物或例如根据Angew. Chem. 72, 927 (1960) (https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19600722402)可通过四氢呋喃的聚合获得的数均分子量为400g/mol至4000g/mol的聚四亚甲基醚二醇。
合适的聚酯多元醇例如是在 EP-A 0 978 523,第 5 页,第 17 至 47 行,或 EP-A 0 659 792,第 6 页,第 32 至 45 行中提及类型的那些,只要它们在官能度和分子量方面相应于前述已给出的说明。特别优选的聚酯多元醇是多元醇与不足量的多元羧酸或羧酸酐的缩合产物,所述多元醇例如是1,2-乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、二甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、1,4-环己烷二醇、全氢双酚、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、1,2,3-丙三醇、季戊四醇和/或山梨醇,所述多元羧酸或羧酸酐例如是琥珀酸、己二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、戊二酸酐、马来酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和/或四氢邻苯二甲酸酐,或是如可以以本身已知的方式由内酯,例如ε-己内酯,和简单的多元醇,例如上面示例性提到的那些,作为起始剂分子开环获得的那些。
合适的聚碳酸酯多元醇特别是二元醇与碳酸二芳基酯的本身已知的反应产物,所述二元醇例如是上面在多元醇列表中作为示例性提及的那些,所述碳酸二芳基酯例如是碳酸二苯酯、碳酸二甲酯或光气。同样合适的聚碳酸酯多元醇是除了碳酸酯结构而外还包含酯基团的那些。这些尤其是本身已知的聚酯碳酸酯二醇,其例如可根据DE-AS 1 770 245的教导通过二元醇与内酯如特别是ε-己内酯的反应,和由此所得聚酯二醇与碳酸二苯酯或碳酸二甲酯的后续反应获得。
合适的聚丙烯酸酯多元醇例如是WO 2011/124710第10页第32行至第13页第18行中提及类型的那些,只要它们在官能度和分子量方面相应于前述已给出的说明。特别优选的聚丙烯酸酯多元醇是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的羟烷基酯的聚合物或共聚物,所述丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的羟烷基酯例如是(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯或(甲基)丙烯酸羟丁酯,任选地与丙烯酸烷基酯和/或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,例如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸 2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、苯乙烯或其他可共聚的烯属不饱和单体,例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸或马来酸二甲酯一起。
合适的多元醇例如还是可通过简单二醇例如二甘醇、三甘醇、4,4'-二氧乙氧基-二苯基-二甲基甲烷(2mol环氧乙烷在双酚A上的加合物)或己二醇与甲醛的反应获得的聚缩醛多元醇或通过环状缩醛例如三噁烷的缩聚制备的聚缩醛。
用于制备加聚化合物A2)的另外的合适的多元醇例如也是在EP-A 0 689 556和EP-A 0 937 110中描述的,例如可通过环氧化脂肪酸酯与脂族或芳族多元醇反应在环氧化物开环的情况下得到的特殊的多元醇以及含羟基的聚丁二烯。
用于制备加聚化合物A2)的合适的胺例如是简单的脂族或脂环族单胺,例如甲胺、乙胺、正丙胺、异丙胺、异构的丁胺、戊胺、己胺和辛胺、正十二胺、正十四胺、正十六胺、正十八胺、环己胺、异构的甲基环己胺以及氨基甲基环己烷,仲单胺,如二甲胺、二乙胺、二丙胺、二异丙胺、二丁胺、二异丁胺、双(2-乙基己基)胺、N-甲基-和N-乙基环己胺以及二环己胺。
合适的胺也是具有至少两个伯和/或仲键合氨基的任意的脂族和脂环族胺,例如1,2-二氨基乙烷、1,2-二氨基丙烷、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、1,2-二氨基-2-甲基丙烷、1,5-二氨基戊烷、1,3-二氨基-2,2-二甲基丙烷、1,6-二氨基己烷、1,5-二氨基-2-甲基戊烷、1,6-二氨基-2,2,4-三甲基己烷、1,6-二氨基-2,4,4-三甲基己烷、1,7-二氨基庚烷、1,8-二氨基辛烷、2,5-二氨基-2,5-二甲基己烷、1,9-二氨基壬烷、 2-甲基-1,8-二氨基辛烷、1,10-二氨基癸烷、1,11-二氨基十一烷、1,12-二氨基十二烷、1,2-二氨基环戊烷、1,2-二氨基环己烷、1-氨基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-氨基甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二胺,IPDA)、3(4)-氨基甲基-1-甲基环己胺、1,3-二氨基-2-和/或-4-甲基环己烷、异丙基-2,4-和/或2,6-二氨基环己烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、1,8-对二氨基薄荷烷、双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷、双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)甲烷、双(4-氨基-2,3,5-三甲基环己基)甲烷、1,1-双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)丙烷、1,1-双(4-氨基环己基)乙烷、1,1-双(4-氨基环己基)丁烷、2,2-双(4-氨基环己基)丁烷、1,1-双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)乙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)丙烷、1,1-双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)乙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)丁烷、2,4-二氨基二环己基甲烷、4-氨基环己基-4-氨基-3-甲基环己基甲烷、4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基-4-氨基-3-甲基环己基-甲烷和2-(4-氨基环己基)-2-(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷、间苯二甲胺、甲基亚氨基双丙胺、亚氨基双丙胺、双(6-氨基己基)胺、N,N-双(3-氨基丙基)-乙二胺、4-氨基甲基-1,8-辛二胺、双(氨基丙基)哌嗪、氨基乙基哌嗪、二亚乙基三胺、二亚丙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、七亚乙基辛胺。
合适的胺也是氨基官能的聚亚烷基二醇,例如1,2-双(氨基乙氧基)-乙烷、1,11-二氨基-3,6,9-三氧杂十一烷、1,13-二氨基-4,7,10-三氧杂十三烷和特别是在商品名Jeffamine®下由Huntsman Corp.公司商业销售的数均分子量至多5000,优选至多2000,特别优选至多1000的胺官能化的聚亚烷基二醇。
任选地也可使用具有两个仲键合氨基的位阻脂族二胺用于制备加聚化合物A2),例如由EP-A 0 403 921已知的脂族和/或脂环族二胺与马来酸酯或富马酸酯的反应产物,根据EP-A 1 767 559的教导可获得的丙烯腈在异佛尔酮二胺上的双加合物,或例如描述于DE-A 19 701 835中的可从脂族和/或脂环族二胺和酮例如二异丙基酮获得的席夫碱的氢化产物。
合适的其它多胺此外也是作为环氧树脂的交联剂组分已知的聚酰胺基胺、聚亚胺和/或聚乙烯胺。
最后也适合用于制备加聚化合物A2)的是氨基醇,例如2-氨基乙醇、异构的氨基丙醇和氨基丁醇、3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇和1,3-二氨基-2-丙醇。
在由异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)制备加聚化合物A2)时使用所提及的醇和/或胺,单独地或作为至少两种这样的醇和/或胺的混合物。
含脲二酮基团的加聚化合物A2)的制备可以通过各种方法进行,例如文献已知的用于制备聚脲二酮组合物的方法,其例如描述在WO 99/11690和WO 2011/115669中。
在此,除了异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)之外,任选还可以共同使用另外的上述类型的单体异氰酸酯和/或低聚多异氰酸酯,优选具有异氰脲酸酯-、缩二脲-、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮-、脲基甲酸酯-和/或氨基甲酸酯-结构的那些,以至多30重量%的量,基于所有反应参与物(包括异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物 A1)、醇和/或胺)的总重量计。
该反应优选在遵循异氰酸酯基团与异氰脲酸酯反应性基团的当量比为 2:1 至0.5:1,优选1.5:1 至 0.7:1,特别优选1:1 至 0.9:1 的情况下进行。
在进一步优选的实施方式中,加聚化合物A2)是通过异氰酸酯官能的、含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)与分子量范围为62至22000的至少双官能的多元醇和任选的一元醇在遵循异氰酸酯基团与异氰脲酸酯反应性基团的当量比为2:1 至 0.5:1的情况下反应制备的化合物。
该反应可以无溶剂地或在对异氰酸酯基团呈惰性的合适溶剂中进行。
用于制备加聚化合物A2)的合适溶剂尤其是对化合物A1)的异氰酸酯基团呈惰性的那些,例如已知的常用非质子涂料溶剂,例如乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸2-乙基己酯、乙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单丁基醚乙酸酯、1-甲氧基丙基-2-乙酸酯、3-甲氧基-正丁基乙酸酯、丙酮、二乙酮、2-丁酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮、二异丁基酮、环己酮、环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、二氯苯、石油溶剂油,较高取代的芳烃,例如其是在名称Solventnaphtha, Solvesso®, Isopar®, Nappar®(Deutsche EXXON CHEMICAL GmbH, Cologne, DE)和Shellsol® (Deutsche Shell ChemieGmbH, Eschborn, DE)下商购的,还有溶剂如丙二醇二乙酸酯、二乙二醇二甲醚、二丙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇乙基-和-丁基醚乙酸酯、乙基乙氧基丙酸酯、碳酸亚丙酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和N-甲基己内酰胺、二噁烷、四氢呋喃或此类溶剂的任意混合物。
用以产生含脲二酮基团的加聚化合物A2)的异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)与醇和/或胺的反应可以在无催化的情况下进行。然而,为了加速反应,也可以使用由聚氨酯化学已知的常规催化剂。此处示例性可提及的是叔胺,例如三乙胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、二乙基苄胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、二环己基甲胺、二甲基环己胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基二氨基二乙醚、双-(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、 N-甲基-或N-乙基吗啉,N-椰纤维烷基吗啉(N-Cocomorpholin)、N-环己基吗啉,N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺,N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,3-丁二胺,N,N,N',N'-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N-甲基哌啶、N-二甲基氨基乙基哌啶、N,N'-二甲基哌嗪、N-甲基-N'-二甲基氨基哌嗪、1,8-二氮杂双环(5.4.0)十一碳-7-烯、1,2-二甲基咪唑、2-甲基咪唑、N,N-二甲基咪唑-β-苯乙胺、1,4-二氮杂双环-(2,2,2)-辛烷、双-(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)己二酸酯;烷醇胺化合物,例如三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基-和N-乙基二乙醇胺、二甲基氨基乙醇、2-(N,N-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇、N,N',N''-三-(二烷基氨基烷基)六氢三嗪,例如N,N',N''-三-(二甲基氨基丙基)-s-六氢三嗪和/或双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚;金属盐,例如呈金属的常见氧化态的铁、铅、铋、锌和/或锡的无机和/或有机化合物,例如氯化铁(II)、氯化铁(III)、乙酸铋(III)、2-乙基己酸铋(III)、辛酸铋(III)、新癸酸铋(III)、氯化锌、2-乙基己酸锌、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)、棕榈酸锡(II)、二月桂酸二丁基锡(IV) (DBTL)、二丁基二月桂基锡硫醇盐或辛酸铅;脒类,例如 2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶;氢氧化四烷基铵,例如氢氧化四甲基铵;碱金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠,和碱金属醇盐,例如甲醇钠和异丙醇钾,以及具有10至20个碳原子和任选的侧链 OH 基团的长链脂肪酸的碱金属盐。
优选的催化剂是上述类型的叔胺、铋-和锡化合物。
不依赖于其制备方式,本发明方法中无溶剂形式的含脲二酮基团的加聚化合物A2)具有小于5重量%,优选小于2重量%和特别优选小于1重量%的游离异氰酸酯基团含量。非常特别优选不含异氰酸酯基团的加聚化合物A2)。
在根据本发明的方法中,具有脲二酮基团的组分A)与作为反应参与物的具有至少一个羟基和/或至少一个硫醇基团组分B)组合。
组分B)例如是上文在制备加聚化合物A2)时作为合适的醇提及的化合物,特别是分子量范围为62至22000的至少双官能的多元醇。
合适的羟基官能的组分B)优选为那里提及的具有2至14个碳原子的简单多元醇、低分子量醚醇和酯醇以及由聚氨酯化学已知的常规聚合聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇和/或聚丙烯酸酯多元醇。
此外,合适的组分B)也是每分子具有至少一个硫醇基团的化合物。
合适的硫醇官能的组分B)优选为多硫醇、例如简单的烷硫醇、例如甲二硫醇、1,2-乙二硫醇、1,1-丙二硫醇、1,2-丙二硫醇、1,3-丙二硫醇、2,2-丙二硫醇、1,4-丁二硫醇、2,3-丁二硫醇、1,5-戊二硫醇、1,6-己二硫醇、1,2,3-丙三硫醇、1,1-环己烷二硫醇、1,2-环己烷二硫醇、2,2-二甲基丙烷-1,3-二硫醇、3,4-二甲氧基丁烷-1,2-二硫醇或2-甲基环己烷-2,3-二硫醇、含硫醚基团的多硫醇、例如2,4-二巯基甲基-1,5-二巯基-3-硫杂戊烷、4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、4,8-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、5,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、5,6-双-(巯基乙硫基)-1,10-二巯基-3,8-二硫杂癸烷、4,5-双-(巯基乙硫基)-1,10-二巯基-3,8-二硫杂癸烷、四(巯基甲基)甲烷、 1,1,3,3-四(巯基甲硫基)丙烷、1,1,5,5-四(巯基甲硫基)-3-硫杂戊烷、1,1,6,6-四(巯基甲硫基)-3,4-二硫杂己烷、2-巯基乙硫基-1,3-二巯基丙烷、2,3-双(巯基乙硫基)-1-巯基丙烷、2,2-双(巯基甲基)-1,3-二巯基丙烷、双(巯基甲基)硫醚、双(巯基甲基)二硫醚、双(巯基乙基)硫醚、双(巯基乙基)二硫醚、双(巯基丙基)硫醚、双(巯基丙基)二硫醚、双(巯基甲硫基)甲烷、三(巯基甲硫基)甲烷、双(巯基乙硫基)甲烷、三(巯基乙硫基)甲烷、双(巯基丙硫基)甲烷、1,2-双(巯基甲硫基)乙烷、1,2-双(巯基乙硫基)乙烷、2-(巯基乙硫基)乙烷、1,3-双(巯基甲硫基)丙烷、1,3-双(巯基丙硫基)丙烷、1,2,3-三(巯基甲硫基)丙烷、1,2,3-三(巯基乙硫基)丙烷、1,2,3-三(巯基丙硫基)丙烷、四(巯基甲硫基)甲烷、四(巯基乙硫基甲基)甲烷、四(巯基丙硫基甲基)甲烷、2,5-二巯基-1,4-二噻烷、2,5-双(巯基甲基)-1,4-二噻烷及其根据JP-A 07118263可获得的低聚物、1,5-双(巯基丙基)-1,4-二噻烷、1,5-双(2-巯基乙硫基甲基)-1,4-二噻烷、2-巯基甲基-6-巯基-1,4-二硫杂环庚烷、2,4,6-三巯基-1,3,5-三噻烷、2,4,6-三巯基甲基-1,3,5-三噻烷或2-(3-双(巯基甲基)-2-硫杂丙基)-1,3-二硫杂环戊烷、聚酯硫醇、例如乙二醇双(2-巯基乙酸酯) 、乙二醇-双(3-巯基丙酸酯)、二甘醇(2-巯基乙酸酯)、二甘醇(3-巯基丙酸酯)、2,3-二巯基-1-丙醇(3-巯基丙酸酯)、3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇双(2-巯基乙酸酯) 、3-巯基丙烷-1,2-丙二醇-双(3-巯基丙酸酯)、三羟甲基丙烷-三(2-巯基乙酸酯)、三羟甲基丙烷-(3-巯基丙酸酯)、三羟甲基乙烷-三(2-巯基乙酸酯)、三羟甲基乙烷-三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、季戊四醇-四(2-巯基乙酸酯)、季戊四醇-四(3-巯基丙酸酯)、甘油-三(2-巯基乙酸酯)、甘油三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、1,4-环己烷二醇-双(2-巯基乙酸酯)、1,4-环己烷二醇-双(3-巯基丙酸酯)、羟基-甲基硫醚-双(2-巯基乙酸酯)、羟甲基硫醚-双(3-巯基丙酸酯)、羟乙基硫醚(2-巯基乙酸酯)、羟乙基硫醚(3-巯基丙酸酯)、羟甲基二硫醚(2-巯基乙酸酯)、羟甲基二硫醚(3-巯基丙酸酯)、(2-巯基乙酯)硫代乙醇酸酯或双(2-巯基乙酯)硫代二丙酸酯和芳族硫代化合物,例如1,2-二巯基苯、1,3-二巯基苯、1,4-二巯基苯、1,2-双(巯基甲基)苯、1,4-双(巯基甲基)苯、1,2-双(巯基乙基)苯、1,4-双(巯基乙基)苯、1,2,3-三巯基苯、1,2,4-三巯基苯、1,3,5-三巯基苯、1,2,3-三-(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,4-三(巯基甲基)苯、1,3,5-三(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,3-三(巯基乙基)苯、1,3,5 -三(巯基乙基)苯、1,2,4-三(巯基乙基)苯、2,5-甲苯二硫醇、3,4-甲苯二硫醇、1,4-萘二硫醇、1,5-萘二硫醇、2,6-萘二硫醇、2,7-萘二硫醇、1,2,3,4-四巯基苯、1,2,3,5-四巯基苯、1,2,4,5-四巯基苯、1,2,3,4-四(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,3,5-四(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,4,5-四(巯基甲基)苯、1,2,3,4-四(巯基乙基)苯、 1,2,3,5-四(巯基乙基)苯、1,2,4,5-四(巯基乙基)苯、2,2'-二巯基联苯或4,4'-二巯基联苯。
特别优选的硫醇官能的组分B)是所述类型的聚醚-和聚酯硫醇。 非常特别优选4-巯基甲基-1,8-二巯基-3,6-二硫杂辛烷、1,1,3,3-四(巯基甲硫基)丙烷、5,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,7-二巯基甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、4,8-二巯基-甲基-1,11-二巯基-3,6,9-三硫杂十一烷、三羟甲基丙烷-三(2-巯基乙酸酯)、三羟甲基丙烷-三(3-巯基丙酸酯)、季戊四醇-四(2-巯基乙酸酯)和季戊四醇-四(3-巯基丙酸酯)。
合适的组分B)最后也是巯基醇,例如2-巯基乙醇、3-巯基丙醇、1,3-二巯基-2-丙醇、2,3-二巯基丙醇或二硫代赤藓糖醇。
根据本发明的方法的另一优选实施方式,以这样的量使用所述至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分A)和所述至少一种具有至少一个羟基和/或至少一个硫醇基团的组分B),使得对于组分A)的每个脲二酮基团分摊0.5至2.0,优选0.7至1.5,特别优选0.8至1.2,非常特别优选恰好一个组分B)的羟基和/或硫醇基团。
为了加速组分A)的脲二酮基团与组分B)的羟基和/或硫醇基团之间的反应,在根据本发明的方法中使用至少一种具有咪唑鎓和/或咪唑啉鎓阳离子的盐型催化剂C)。
适合作为催化剂C)的化合物已知为咪唑鎓-和咪唑啉鎓型离子液体并且例如用作化学合成中的溶剂。它们的制备方法记载在例如Chem. Rev. 99, 8, 2071-2084和WO2005/070896中。
催化剂C)是含有通式(I)或(II)的结构要素的盐型化合物
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5 和R6 彼此独立地代表相同或不同的基团,其表示饱和或不饱和的,直链或支链的,脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族的具有1至18个碳原子的有机基团,该有机基团是取代或未取代的和/或在链中具有杂原子,其中所述基团还能够彼此任选地与另外的杂原子一起组合形成具有3至8个碳原子的环,该环能够任选地被进一步取代,
R3、R4、R5 和R6 也可以彼此独立地代表氢,和
R7 代表氢或羧酸根阴离子(COO-)。
优选的催化剂C)是含有通式(I)或(II)的结构要素的盐型化合物,其中
R1 和R2 彼此独立地代表相同或不同的基团,其表示饱和或不饱和的,直链或支链的,脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族的具有1至12个碳原子的有机基团,该有机基团是取代或未取代的和/或在链中具有杂原子,
R3、R4、R5 和R6 代表氢,和其中
R7 代表氢或羧酸根阴离子(COO-)。
特别优选的催化剂C)是含有通式(I)或(II)的结构要素的盐型化合物,其中
R1 和R2 彼此独立地代表相同或不同的基团,其表示饱和或不饱和的,直链或支链的,具有1至12个碳原子的脂族有机基团,
R3、R4、R5 和R6 代表氢,和
R7 代表氢或羧酸根阴离子(COO-)。
作为通式 (I) 的合适催化剂可以示例性地提及含有下述的那些:1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-戊基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-己基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-壬基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-癸基咪唑鎓-、1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-苄基咪唑鎓-、1-甲基-3-(3-苯基丙基)咪唑鎓-、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓(EMIM)-、1-异丙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓(BMIM)-、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-、1-庚基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-、1-(2-乙基)己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓(OMIM)-、1,3-双(叔丁基)咪唑鎓-、1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)咪唑鎓或1,3-二甲基苯并咪唑鎓阳离子。
作为通式 (II) 的合适催化剂可以示例性地提及含有下述的那些:1,3-二甲基咪唑啉鎓-、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑啉鎓-、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-、1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)咪唑啉鎓-或 1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)咪唑啉鎓-1-(1-金刚烷基)-3-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)咪唑啉鎓-、1,3-二苯基-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉鎓-、1,3-二-邻甲苯基-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉鎓阳离子。
作为咪唑鎓和咪唑啉鎓阳离子的抗衡离子,根据本发明的组合物中存在的催化剂C)包含任意的无机和/或有机阴离子,例如卤离子-、硫酸根-、羟基硫酸根-、亚硫酸根-、硝酸根-、碳酸根-、碳酸氢根-、芳基磺酸根-、烷基磺酸根-、三氟甲基磺酸根-、烷基硫酸根-、磷酸根-、二烷基磷酸根-、六氟磷酸根-、三氟甲基硼酸根-、四氟硼酸根-、双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚氨离子-、双氰氨离子和/或羧酸根阴离子。
此外,咪唑鎓和咪唑啉鎓阳离子的抗衡离子还可以是作为通式(I)的R7直接键合到咪唑鎓阳离子上的羧酸根(COO - ),其中催化剂C)在这种情况下具有两性离子结构的形式。
合适于根据本发明的组合物的催化剂C)例如是1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐、1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓二甲基磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓溴化物、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓碘化物、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硝酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓碳酸氢盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲磺酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲磺酸盐、 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟(三氟甲基)硼酸盐,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫酸氢盐,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙基硫酸盐,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二氰氨化物,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二乙基磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚氨化物、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐、 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-(L)-(+)-乳酸盐,1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑鎓碘化物,1,3-二异丙基-4,5-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓溴化物、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓碘化物、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲基硫酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓正辛基硫酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二氰氨化物、 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟(三氟甲基)硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二丁基磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚氨化物、双(叔丁基)咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓溴化物、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚氨化物、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-甲基-3-正辛基咪唑鎓溴化物、1-甲基-3-正辛基咪唑鎓氯化物、1-甲基-3-正辛基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚氨化物、1,3-二甲基咪唑啉鎓氯化物、1,3-二甲基咪唑啉鎓-2-甲酸盐、1,3-二甲基咪唑啉鎓乙酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑啉氯化物、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑啉鎓-2-甲酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑啉鎓乙酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑啉鎓-2-甲酸盐、1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)咪唑啉鎓氯化物或 1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)咪唑啉鎓-1-(1-金刚烷基)-3-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)咪唑啉鎓氯化物和/或1,3-二苯基-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉鎓氯化物。
特别优选的催化剂C)是具有羧酸根阴离子的所述类型的咪唑鎓盐,非常特别优选1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐和/或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐。
在根据本发明的方法中,在另一优选的实施方式中,催化剂C)单独地或作为至少两种这样的催化剂的混合物以0.001至15重量%,优选 0.005至12重量%,特别优选0.01至10重量%的量来使用,基于组分A)和B)的总重量计,不包括任选存在于这些组分中的溶剂、助剂或添加剂。
任选地,可以在根据本发明的方法中共同使用另外的起助催化作用的化合物用于控制脲二酮反应的选择性。这些特别是有机锌盐,例如硬脂酸锌(II)、正辛酸锌(II)、2-乙基-1-己酸锌(II)、环烷酸锌(II)或乙酰丙酮锌(II),如果有的话,它们以基于催化剂C)的量计0.01至100mol%的量单独地或作为至少两种这样的助催化剂的混合物来使用。优选的助催化剂是乙酰丙酮锌(II)。
根据本发明的方法出色地适用于制备聚氨酯塑料并用于此。根据本发明的方法优选用于制备涂层剂。
因此,本发明同样提供组合物,优选涂层剂,其包含至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分 A)、至少一种具有至少一个硫醇基团的组分 B)和至少一种具有咪唑鎓-或咪唑啉鎓结构的催化剂 C)以及任选的其他助剂和添加剂或包含至少一种在无溶剂形式中具有小于5重量%的游离异氰酸酯基团含量的至少一种加聚化合物A2)、至少一种具有至少一个羟基和/或硫醇基团的组分B) 和至少一种具有咪唑鎓-或咪唑啉鎓结构的催化剂 C)以及任选的其他助剂和添加剂。所述至少一种无溶剂形式的加聚化合物A2)优选具有小于2重量%,特别优选小于1重量%的游离异氰酸酯基团含量。非常特别优选不含异氰酸酯基团的加聚化合物A2)。
本发明方法的实施和本发明组合物的固化优选根据所用催化剂的活性通常在20℃至200℃,优选60℃至180℃,特别优选70℃至170℃,非常特别优选80℃至160℃的温度范围内,进行优选1分钟至至多12小时,优选10分钟至3小时的时间。
在这些条件下,最初含于组分A)中的脲二酮基团通常完全反应,形成脲基甲酸酯基团和/或硫代脲基甲酸酯基团和任选的异氰脲酸酯基团。
本发明进一步提供了至少一种根据本发明的组合物用于制备聚氨酯塑料的用途。此外,本发明还提供了至少一种根据本发明的组合物用于制备涂层剂的用途。
作为用于借助于根据本发明的组合物配制的涂料的基底可以考虑任意的基材,例如金属、木材、玻璃、石材、陶瓷材料、混凝土、硬质和软质塑料、织物、皮革和纸,它们在涂覆之前也可以任选地具有常规打底。
本发明进一步提供包含至少一种根据本发明的组合物的涂层剂和涂覆有任选在热作用下固化的根据本发明的涂层剂的基材。
用根据本发明的组合物配制的涂层剂可以任选地获取由涂料技术领域的技术人员已知的常规助剂和添加剂,例如溶剂、UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂、流平剂、流变添加剂、滑爽添加剂、染料、消光剂、阻燃剂、水解保护剂、杀微生物剂、杀藻剂、水清除剂、触变剂、润湿剂、脱气剂、增粘剂、填料和/或颜料,在所提及的固化条件下得出具有良好涂料技术性能的薄膜。
本发明同样提供通过使用上述涂层剂获得的聚氨酯塑料,优选涂料。
实施例
除非另有说明,否则所有百分比均基于重量计。
NCO 含量根据 DIN EN ISO 11909:2007-05 滴定来测定。
所有粘度测量用 Anton Paar Germany GmbH (DE) 的 Physica MCR 51 流变仪,根据 DIN EN ISO 3219:1994-10,以 250 s-1 的剪切速率 5 来进行。
残留单体含量根据 DIN EN ISO 10283:2007-11 通过具有内标的气相色谱法测量。
脲二酮模型化合物的组成通过凝胶渗透色谱法根据 DIN 55672-1:2016-03(凝胶渗透色谱法 (GPC) - 第 1 部分:四氢呋喃 (THF) 作为洗脱液)来确定,改变为:流速为0.6 ml/min而不是 1.0 ml/min。用软件辅助确定的由色谱图中提取的不同低聚物的面积%比例在每种情况下都近似等于重量%的比例。
根据 DIN EN ISO 1522:2007-04 在玻璃板上测定 König 摆锤阻尼。
在根据本发明的组合物固化时形成的脲二酮后续产物使用质子解耦的13C-NMR光谱(使用CDCl3作为溶剂在仪器Bruker DPX-400上记录)进行测定。各个结构要素具有以下化学位移(ppm):脲二酮:157.1;异氰脲酸酯:148.4;脲基甲酸酯:155.7和153.8。
用二甲苯作为典型的涂料溶剂测定耐溶剂性。为此,将少量溶剂加入试管中并在开口处提供棉球,从而在试管内形成被二甲苯饱和的气氛。随后将试管以棉球放在涂料表面上并在那里保持 5 分钟。擦去溶剂后,检查膜的损坏/软化/粘附力损失。(0 = 无变化,5= 膜损坏)。
起始化合物
制备 HDI 脲二酮模型化合物 (HDI-UD1)
1,3-双(6-异氰酸根合己基)-1,3-二氮杂环丁烷-2,4-二酮的制备
根据EP-A 0 789 017的实施例1中描述的方法,通过三丁基膦催化的 1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷 (HDI) 的低聚和随后的蒸馏后处理制备了1,3-双(6-异氰酸根合己基)-1,3-二氮杂环丁烷-2,4-二酮(理想的双(6-异氰酸根合己基)脲二酮)。
NCO含量: 25.0%
单体HDI: <0.03%
粘度(23℃): 28 mPas。
根据凝胶渗透色谱研究 (GPC),存在以下组成:
HDI 脲二酮 (n = 2): 99.2% (根据GPC)
HDI异氰脲酸酯(n = 3): 0.4% (根据GPC)
更高级的低聚物: 0.4% (根据GPC)。
双(6-异氰酸根合己基)脲二酮(HDI-UD1)的二甲基氨基甲酸酯的制备
将 10 g (0.0595 val)的上述 HDI 脲二酮溶于 30 ml二氯甲烷中,与2 g(0.0625 mol)甲醇混合,并在 40℃ 下在干燥氮气下搅拌,直到8 小时后 IR 光谱不再检测到异氰酸酯。然后借助于旋转蒸发器除去二氯甲烷和过量的甲醇。存在双(6-异氰酸根合己基)脲二酮(HDI-UD1)的二甲基氨基甲酸酯,为无色固体。
脲二酮基团含量: 21.0% (作为C2N2O2计算, 分子量84)。
制备HDI聚脲二酮交联剂 (HDI-UD2)
将 1000 g (5.95 val)上述理想的双(6-异氰酸根合己基) 脲二酮 (NCO含量:25.0%)溶解在 800 g乙酸丁酯中,与4.6 g (0.2重量%) 二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTL)在乙酸丁酯中的10%的溶液混合,并在干燥氮气和搅拌下加热至80℃。在2小时内将347.5 g (4.76val)的2,2,4-三甲基戊烷-1,3-二醇和154.7 g (1.19 val)的2-乙基-1-己醇的混合物滴加到该溶液中。在 80℃下16 小时的搅拌时间后,NCO 含量 < 0.2%。获得了几乎无色的HDI 聚脲二酮交联剂 (HDI-UD2) 溶液。
NCO含量: 0.16%
脲二酮基团含量: 10.8% (作为C2N2O2计算, 分子量84)
脲二酮官能度: 5 (计算的)
固体含量: 约65%
粘度(23℃): 1400 mPas。
制备PDI 脲二酮模型化合物(PDI-UD1)
1,3-双(5-异氰酸根合戊基)-1,3-二氮杂环丁烷-2,4-二酮的制备
根据EP-A 0 789 017的实施例1中描述的方法,通过三丁基膦催化的 1,5-二异氰酸根合戊烷 (PDI) 而不是 1,6-二异氰酸根合己烷 (HDI) 的低聚和随后的蒸馏后处理制备了1,3-双(5-异氰酸根合戊基)-1,3-二氮杂环丁烷-2,4-二酮(理想的双(5-异氰酸根合戊基)脲二酮)。
NCO含量: 27.3%
单体PDI: 0.03%
粘度(23℃): 22 mPas。
根据凝胶渗透色谱研究 (GPC),存在以下组成:
HDI 脲二酮 (n = 2): 98.7% (根据GPC)
HDI异氰脲酸酯(n = 3): 0.7% (根据GPC)
更高级的低聚物: 0.6% (根据GPC)。
制备双(5-异氰酸根合戊基)脲二酮(PDI-UD1)的二甲基氨基甲酸酯
将10 g (0.065 val)上述 PDI 脲二酮溶于30 ml二氯甲烷中,与2 g (0.068mol)甲醇混合,并在 40℃ 下在干燥氮气下搅拌,直到8 小时后 IR 光谱不再检测到异氰酸酯。然后借助于旋转蒸发器除去二氯甲烷和过量的甲醇。存在双(5-异氰酸根合戊基)脲二酮(PDI-UD1)的二甲基氨基甲酸酯,为无色固体。IR 光谱表明不再存在游离异氰酸酯基团(在 2270 cm-1处没有异氰酸酯吸收带)。
脲二酮基团含量: 22.3% (作为C2N2O2计算, 分子量84)。
催化剂
1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐 (97%), Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, 慕尼黑, DE
1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐, 根据J. Org. Chem. 73, 14, 5582-5584中记载的方法来制备
1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐, 根据Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 16292 – 16303中记载的方法来制备。
实施例1:
在经烘箱干燥且耐压的反应小瓶中,将 6.8 mg (0.04 mmol) 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐与28.2 mg (0.21 mmol) 2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙醇 (Carbitol)一起溶解在1.0 ml 无水四氢呋喃 (THF)中。然后加入80.0mg(0.20mmol)HDI脲二酮模型化合物(HDI-UD1)并将密闭反应容器的内容物在80℃下搅拌1小时。在高真空下除去溶剂后,混合物的13CNMR 谱表明所用的脲二酮基团完全转化为脲基甲酸酯基团和异氰脲酸酯基团。脲基甲酸酯基团与异氰脲酸酯基团的摩尔比为 90:10。
实施例2:
在经烘箱干燥且耐压的反应小瓶中,将 8.1 mg (0.04 mmol)1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐与 28.2 mg (0.21 mmol) Carbitol 一起溶解在 1.0 ml 无水 THF 中。然后加入80.0mg(0.20mmol)的HDI脲二酮模型化合物(HDI-UD1)并将密闭反应容器的内容物在80℃下搅拌1小时。在高真空下除去溶剂后,混合物的13C NMR谱表明所用的脲二酮基团完全转化为脲基甲酸酯基团和异氰脲酸酯基团。脲基甲酸酯基团与异氰脲酸酯基团的摩尔比为87:13。
实施例3:
在经烘箱干燥且耐压的反应小瓶中,将 6.2 mg (0.04 mmol) 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐与 28.2 mg (0.21 mmol)一起溶解在 1.0 ml 无水 THF 中。然后加入80.0mg(0.20mmol)的HDI脲二酮模型化合物(HDI-UD1)并将密闭反应容器的内容物在80℃下搅拌1小时。在高真空下除去溶剂后,混合物的13C NMR谱表明所用的脲二酮基团完全转化为脲基甲酸酯基团和异氰脲酸酯基团。脲基甲酸酯基团与异氰脲酸酯基团的摩尔比为88:12。
实施例4:
在经烘箱干燥且耐压的反应小瓶中,将 0.05 g (0.3 mmol) 乙基二硫代碳酸钠与0.23 g (1.7 mmol) Carbitol 一起溶解在 12.1 ml 无水四氢呋喃 (THF) 中。然后加入0.61 g (1.6 mmol)的PDI 脲二酮模型化合物(PDI-UD1)并将密闭反应容器的内容物在24℃下搅拌1小时。在高真空下除去溶剂后,混合物的13C NMR谱表明所用的脲二酮基团完全转化为脲基甲酸酯基团和异氰脲酸酯基团。脲基甲酸酯基团与异氰脲酸酯基团的摩尔比为90:10。
实施例5 (根据本发明的和对比):
将100 g (0.559 val)市售的、不含芳烃的支化聚酯多元醇(在乙酸丁酯中的固体含量为 75%,OH 含量为9.5 %,基于固体树脂计,可在名称 Desmophen 775 XP (CovestroDeutschland AG DE) 下获得)与197.6 g (0.254 val)的HDI 聚脲二酮交联剂 (HDI-UD2)混合成涂层剂,对应于 1.1:1 的羟基与脲二酮基团的当量比,在加入3.0g(18.2mmol,1.0%)作为催化剂的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐之后借助于涂膜器(Lackhantel)以150μm的施加-层厚度施加到脱脂玻璃板上。
为了比较,通过相同的方法,由 100 g Desmophen 775 XP 和 197.6 g HDI 聚脲二酮交联剂 (HDI-UD2),同样对应于 1.1:1 的羟基与脲二酮基团的当量比,制备涂层剂,并在加入2.9 g (18.8 mmol, 1.0%)作为催化剂的1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)之后借助于涂膜器以150μm的施加-层厚度施加到脱脂玻璃板上。
在室温下蒸发干燥15 分钟后,将两个涂层在 100℃下固化30 分钟。在这两种情况下,都获得了硬质的、弹性的和完全透明的涂层,它们的区别如下:
实施例6:
将51.4 g (0.421 val)季戊四醇-四(3-巯基丙酸酯)(固体含量:100%,SH含量:26 %),可在名称THIOCURE PETMP (Bruno Bock Chemische Fabrik GmbH & Co. KG,Marschacht, DE)下获得,与 148.6 g (0.191 val)的HDI 聚脲二酮交联剂 (HDI-UD2) 混合成涂层剂,对应于 1.1:1 的硫醇基团与脲二酮基团的当量比,并在添加 2.0 g (12.1mmol) 作为催化剂的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐之后,借助于涂膜器以150μm的施加-层厚度施加到脱脂玻璃板上。在室温下蒸发干燥15 分钟后,将涂层在 100℃下固化 30 分钟。
获得平滑分布的、无色透明涂层,其摆锤阻尼为 160 秒,二甲苯耐受性为 1- 2。
Claims (15)
1.用于制备含有脲基甲酸酯基团和/或硫代脲基甲酸酯基团的化合物的方法,包括在组分C)的存在下组分A) 与B) 的反应
A) 至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分
B) 至少一种具有至少一个羟基和/或硫醇基团的组分
C) 至少一种催化剂,所述催化剂含有通式(I)和/或(II)的结构要素
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5 和R6 彼此独立地代表相同或不同的基团,其表示饱和或不饱和的,直链或支链的,脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族的具有1至18个碳原子的有机基团,该有机基团是取代或未取代的和/或在链中具有杂原子,其中所述基团还能够彼此任选地与另外的杂原子一起组合形成具有3至8个碳原子的环,该环能够任选地被进一步取代,其中
R3、R4、R5 和R6 也可以彼此独立地代表氢,和
R7 代表氢或羧酸根阴离子(COO-),
其中所述至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分A)是能够通过异氰酸酯官能的含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)与醇和/或胺的反应获得的加聚化合物A2),所述加聚化合物A2)在无溶剂形式中具有小于 5重量%的游离异氰酸酯基团含量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,组分A1)是基于PDI、HDI、IPDI、XDI、NBDI和/或H12 -MDI的含脲二酮基团的化合物,其优选具有至少1.6的平均NCO官能度并且特别优选具有10至25重量%的脲二酮结构(作为C2N2O2计算,分子量=84)的含量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加聚化合物A2)是通过异氰酸酯官能的、含脲二酮基团的化合物A1)与分子量范围为62至22000的至少双官能的多元醇和任选的一元醇在遵循异氰酸酯基团与异氰脲酸酯反应性基团的当量比为 2:1 至 0.5:1的情况下反应制备的化合物。
4.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,无溶剂形式的含脲二酮基团的加聚化合物A2)具有小于2重量%,优选小于1重量%的游离异氰酸酯基团含量,特别优选不含异氰酸酯基团。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,组分B)是分子量范围为62至22000的至少双官能的多元醇。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,组分A)和B)的用量使得组分A)的每个脲二酮基团分摊0.5至2.0个组分B)的羟基和/或硫醇基团。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,组分C)是含有通式(I)和/或(II)的结构要素的催化剂,其中
R1和R2 彼此独立地代表相同或不同的基团,其表示饱和或不饱和的,直链或支链的,脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族的具有1至12个碳原子的有机基团,该有机基团是取代或未取代的和/或在链中具有杂原子,
R3、R4、R5 和R6 代表氢,和其中
R7 代表氢或羧酸根阴离子(COO-)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,组分C)是含有通式(I)和/或(II)的结构要素的催化剂, 其中
R1 和R2 彼此独立地代表相同或不同的基团,其表示饱和或不饱和的,直链或支链的,具有1至12个碳原子的脂族有机基团,
R3、R4、R5 和R6 代表氢,和
R7 代表氢或羧酸根阴离子(COO-)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,催化剂C)是具有羧酸根阴离子的所述类型的咪唑鎓盐,非常特别优选1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓-2-甲酸盐和/或1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓乙酸盐。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,基于组分A)和B)的总重量计,组分C)以0.001至15重量%的量存在,不包括任选存在于这些组分中的溶剂、助剂或添加剂。
11.组合物,其含有至少一种具有至少一个脲二酮基团的组分 A)、至少一种具有至少一个硫醇基团的组分 B)和至少一种具有咪唑鎓-或咪唑啉鎓结构的催化剂 C)以及任选的其他助剂和添加剂或含有至少一种在无溶剂形式中具有小于5重量%的游离异氰酸酯基团含量的至少一种加聚化合物A2)、至少一种具有至少一个羟基和/或硫醇基团的组分B) 和至少一种具有咪唑鎓-或咪唑啉鎓结构的催化剂 C)以及任选的其他助剂和添加剂。
12.根据权利要求11所述的组合物用于制备聚氨酯塑料,特别是用于制备涂层剂的用途。
13.含有根据权利要求11所述的组合物的涂层剂。
14.基材,其涂覆有任选在热作用下固化的根据权利要求13所述的涂层剂。
15.聚氨酯塑料,其由任选在热作用下固化的根据权利要求11所述的组合物获得。
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