CN114073740A - 一种理气活血滴丸的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种理气活血滴丸新的制备方法,是将原有采用氯仿提取纯化川芎浸膏的方法,改为用无水乙醇进行醇沉的方法,与现有技术相比,本发明采用了无毒的无水乙醇代替了有毒的氯仿,在保证产品疗效的同时,不但降低了产品中有毒溶剂残留的风险,还使得生产操作更加简便,值得推广运用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗冠心病、心绞痛的理气活血滴丸的制备方法,属于药品的技术领域。
背景技术
理气活血滴丸是根据苗族用药习惯和中医理论合理组方,以大果木姜子挥发油、薤白、川芎、冰片制成的纯中药制剂。该产品具有芳香温通、行气止痛之功效。方中大果木姜子,辛温无毒,温通散寒、行气止痛,主要针对因风冷邪气、客于胸背所致气滞心痛,为君药;川芎辛温,活血行气、驱风止痛,故用川芎配合君药增强温通止痛之效;薤白辛苦温,温阳散结、行气导滞;艾片温平无毒,气清凉,味辛凉浓烈,通窍止痛,能增加大果木姜子的止痛功效。四药合同,共奏芳香温通、行气止痛之功效,主治由阴寒凝结、气失温煦所致胸痹心痛(冠心病心绞痛),症见胸闷、气短、心悸、畏寒,甚则胸痛彻背、感寒痛甚,呼吸不畅等。临床用于预防治疗阴寒凝滞型胸痹心痛获得良好效果。
现有技术中,中国专利CN03135734.2公开了“治疗冠心病、心绞痛的中药制剂及其制作方法”,其制备方法为:将米槁用水蒸气蒸馏法提取出精油、川芎粉碎成粗粉,然后加乙醇回流提取二次,减压回收乙醇后,静置分成三层,取中层液,减压浓缩至相对密度约1.2,用氨水调PH值为9,用氯仿萃取3次,合并萃取液,减压回收氯仿并浓缩至相对密度1.01-1.05(55-60摄氏度),得川芎浸膏,薤白粉碎成粗粉,用乙醇浸渍、回流提取二次,减压浓缩得薤白浸膏,将得到的川芎总生物碱浸膏、薤白浸膏混合、微热 混合均匀,加入熔融的聚乙二醇中,混匀,加入得到的米槁精油、冰片混合均匀,制得理气活血滴丸制剂。
然而,现有技术中制备川芎总生物碱浸膏需要用到氯仿萃取,氯仿为有毒有机溶剂,虽然在产品制备过程中会减压回收除去氯仿,但仍可能存在一定的残留,对生产人员及服用患者都可能产生不利影响。为此,申请人加大对该产品深入研究,在保证产品有效成份及疗效的前提下,将氯仿改为普通溶剂提取。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明的目的是提供一种既能保证理气活血滴丸疗效,又不使用氯仿提取的新的制备方法。
本发明是以如下技术方案实现的:
一种理气活血滴丸的制备方法,所述理气活血滴丸由大果木姜子350-600份、艾片4-15份、川芎250-500份、薤白 25-50份、聚乙二醇60-90份制备而成;具体包括以下步骤:
按配方比例称取川芎药材,破碎,加乙醇回流提取二次,第一次加6倍量,浸渍2小时,提取3小时,第二次加4倍量,提取2小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.05-1.15,静置分成3层,取中层液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20,备用;
取步骤项下的中层液浓缩浸膏,加氨水调pH值至9-10,加入4-8倍量的无水乙醇,搅拌均匀,静置12-24小时,抽取上清液,减压回收乙醇到相对密度为1.01-1.05,再将其置于冷库中静置12-48小时,取其上清液,即得川芎浸膏,备用;
进一步的,所述理气活血滴丸由大果木姜子450份、艾片9份、川芎360份、薤白 36份、聚乙二醇70份制备而成;具体包括以下步骤:
称取川芎药材,破碎,加乙醇回流提取二次,第一次加6倍量,浸渍2小时,提取3小时,第二次加4倍量,提取2小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.10,静置分成3层,取中层液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20,备用;
取步骤项下的中层液浓缩浸膏,加氨水调PH值至9-10,加入5倍量的无水乙醇,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,抽取上清液,减压回收乙醇到相对密度为1.02,再将其置于冷库中静置24小时,取其上清液,即得川芎浸膏,备用;
优选的,所述冷确剂为液体石蜡。
优选的,所述聚乙二醇为聚乙二醇4000和聚乙二醇6000混合物,具体比例为聚乙二醇4000:聚乙二醇6000为3:2。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:提供了一种理气活血滴丸中新的提取方法,特别是川芎浸膏的提取纯化方法,原方法中,川芎浸膏是采用有毒有机溶剂氯仿来提取纯化的,虽然在提取纯化工艺中最终将减压回收除去,但多少会有所残留,对生产人员及患者的身体有可能会产生不利影响。本发明技术方案使本品中川芎浸膏的提取纯化不再依赖氯仿来提取纯化,而是采用乙醇来进行醇沉纯化,该方法操作简单,成本低,更利益环保。
为了对本发明的内容进行阐述,本发明还进行了以下试验,旨在说明本发明,决不限制本发明的范围。
实验例1: 川芎浸膏纯化方法选择:
取川芎药材醇提浸膏的中层液,用浓氨水调节PH值至9-10,选用毒性较低或无毒的乙酸乙酯、石油醚、丙酮及无水乙醇对其进行纯化处理,具体方案如下:
W-1:原纯化工艺:即取川芎醇提浸膏中层液,用氯仿提取3次,第一次3倍量,第二次2倍量,第三次1倍量,合并氯仿提取液,减压回收氯仿至无回收液滴下后,按萃取前的中层液体积比1:1加入乙醇,浓缩至相对密度1.01-1.05,即得,测定相对密度并称重;
W-2:将原纯化工艺中的氯仿改用乙酸乙酯进行提取,其余操作过程相同,测定相对密度并称重;
W-3:将原纯化工艺中的氯仿改用石油醚进行提取,其余操作过程相同,测定相对密度并称重;
W-4:将原纯化工艺中的氯仿改用丙酮进行提取,其余操作过程相同,测定相对密度并称重;
W-5:将原纯化工艺中的氯仿改用无水乙醇进行提取,但无水乙醇与浸膏极性相当,无法进行萃取,故将无水乙醇的量加至醇提浸膏中层液量的5倍进行醇沉,静置12小时分层,收取上清液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.05,即得,测定相对密度并称重;
以川芎浸膏提取纯化收率以及有效成份阿魏酸及川芎嗪含量为考察指标,考察使用不同溶剂提取纯化方法对川芎浸膏收率及有效成份含量的影响,结果见表1:
表1:不同提取溶剂对川芎浸膏提取纯化对比表
从表中可以看出,氯仿、乙酸乙酯和石油醚极性相当,在萃取时容易操作,而丙酮要静置过夜后才能分层,在加无水乙醇后,会有沉淀产生,需静置过夜才能沉降完全,从操作上来看,醇沉操作最简便,而且相比其他有机溶剂无水乙醇无毒且价廉;从浸膏收率来看,用无水乙醇提取的收率最高,且阿魏酸和川芎嗪含量也与氯仿提取的差不多,故优选用无水乙醇提取纯化川芎浸膏。
实验例2:本发明理气活血滴丸稳定性试验研究
根据2015年版《中国药典》(四部)原料药物与制剂稳定性试验指导原则的相关规定进行加速稳定性试验,其试验结果见表2:
表2:本发明理气活血滴丸加速稳定性试验检测结果
结果:从表中可以看出,本发明理气活血滴丸质量稳定,桉油精、龙脑及阿魏酸含量均符合标准规定,与原工艺结果相差不大。
实验例3:药效学研究
为了了解本发明与原工艺产品在药理、毒理及药效方面是否存在差异,同时使本领域普通技术人员更好的理解本发明,申请人进行了一系列动物实验研究,以证明本发明的效果:
1、镇痛作用实验
1.1. 热板法:
1.1.1动物
选取(昆明种)雌性小鼠,体重20±2g,每组(10)只。
1.1.2给药途径
灌胃给药。
1.1.3实验分组
①生理盐水对照组。
②市售理气活血滴丸大、中、小剂量3个组。
③本发明实施例1理气活血滴丸大、中、小剂量3个组。
④对照组(复方丹参滴丸组)
1.1.4剂量设置及给药容量
①大剂量组,剂量为理气活血滴丸0.36g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的24倍。
②原中剂量组,剂量为理气活血滴丸0.18g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的12倍。
③小剂量组,剂量为理气活血滴丸0.09g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的6倍。
④复方丹参滴丸对照组,剂量为复方丹参滴丸0.15g/kg体重,相当临床拟用剂量的10倍。
⑤给药容量:不同组别、不同药物、不同剂量均按10ml/kg。
1.1.5实验方法
取雌性昆明种小鼠,逐只放入GJ-8402型热板测痛仪内,记录小鼠出现舔左后足所需的时间(s)作为该鼠痛阈值,连测三次,取平均值作为该鼠正常或药前痛阈值。选用痛阈值在30s以内的小鼠80只(合格小鼠)随机分为8组,各给药组按上述所示剂量灌胃给药,生理盐水组给予等容积生理盐水,于药后30、60、90min测定各鼠痛阈值,若小鼠在热板仪上60s仍无痛觉反应即取出,痛阈值按60s计,观察结果,见表3。
表3本发明理气活血滴丸对小鼠镇痛作用的影响
结果表明,本发明理气活血滴丸与市售理气活血滴丸均具有良好的镇痛作用。
1.2扭体法
1.2.1动物
动物:(种地)雌性小鼠,体重20±2g,每组(10)只 ,♀♂各半。
1.2.2给药途径
灌胃给药。
1.2.3实验分组
①生理盐水对照组。
②市售理气活血滴丸大、中、小剂量3个组。
③本发明实施例1理气活血滴丸大、中、小剂量3个组。
④对照组(复方丹参滴丸组)。
1.2.4剂量设置及给药容量
①大剂量组,剂量为理气活血滴丸0.36g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的24倍。
②中剂量组,剂量为理气活血滴丸0.18g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的12倍
③小剂量组,剂量为理气活血滴丸0.09g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的6倍
④复方丹参滴丸对照组,剂量为复方丹参滴丸0.15g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的10倍
⑤给药容量:不同组别、不同药物、不同剂量均按10ml/kg。
1.2.5实验方法
取昆明种小鼠80只,随机分为8组,各给药组按上述所示剂量灌胃给药,生理盐水组给予等容积生理盐水,于药后1h,各鼠腹腔注射0.7%醋酸溶液0.2ml/只,观察15min内各组小鼠由醋酸引起的扭体反应次数,结果见表4 。
表4理气活血滴丸对小鼠镇痛作用的影响
结果表明,本发明理气活血滴丸与市售理气活血滴丸各剂量组均可减少醋酸致小鼠扭体次数,表明该产品具有良好的镇痛作用,此为理气活血滴丸治疗胸痹心痛,心肌缺血打下基础。
注:与生理盐水组比较*P<0.05 **P<0.01
2、抗缺氧作用实验
2.1动物
昆明种小鼠,体重20±2g,每组(10)只 ,♀♂各半。
给药途径:灌胃给药。
2.2实验分组
①生理盐水对照组
②市售理气活血滴丸大、中、小剂量3个组
③本发明实施例1理气活血滴丸大、中、小剂量3个组
④对照组(复方丹参滴丸组)
2.3剂量设置及给药容量
①大剂量组,剂量为理气活血滴丸0.36g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的24倍。
②中剂量组,剂量为理气活血滴丸0.18g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的12倍
③小剂量组,剂量为理气活血滴丸0.09g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的6倍
④复方丹参滴丸对照组,剂量为复方丹参滴丸0.15g/kg体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的10倍
⑤给药容量:不同组别、不同药物、不同剂量均按10ml/kg。
2.4实验方法
以常压异丙肾上腺素增加耗氧,缺氧小鼠存活时间为观察指标,取昆明种小鼠160只,♀♂各半,体重20±2g,随机分为8组,各给药组按上述所示剂量灌胃给药,生理盐水组给予等容积生理盐水,每日一次,连续3次,末次药后1h,每组取10只小鼠,逐只分别放入广口瓶密闭(瓶内放钠石灰10g,瓶口涂凡士林)观察各组小鼠死亡时间(以呼吸停止)为鼠存活时间。取剩余各组小鼠逐只腹腔注射异丙肾上腺素7.5mg/kg30min后,同上述方法逐只放入广口瓶。观察实验结果,结果见表5。
表5 理气活血滴丸对小鼠抗缺氧作用的影响
结果表明,本发明理气活血滴丸与市售理气活血滴丸各剂量组均能延长(常压缺氧及药物造成缺氧)小鼠缺氧存活时间长,表明理气活血滴丸对小鼠具有抗缺氧作用。
注:与生理盐水组比较*P<0.05 **P<0.01
具体实施方式
实施例1:
处方:大果木姜子4500g、艾片90g、川芎3600g、薤白 360g
制备工艺:
1、称取大果木姜子药材,破碎,加入4倍量水浸泡2小时,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,蒸馏16小时,收集挥发油,备用;
2、称取川芎药材,破碎,加乙醇回流提取二次,第一次加6倍量,浸渍2小时,提取3小时,第二次加4倍量,提取2小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.05-1.15,静置分成3层,取中层液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20,备用;
3、取步骤2项下的中层液浓缩浸膏,加氨水调PH值至9-10,加入5倍量的无水乙醇,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,抽取上清液,减压回收乙醇到相对密度为1.02,再将其置于冷库中静置48小时,取其上清液,即得川芎浸膏,备用;
4、按配方比例称取薤白药材,破碎,加入3倍量乙醇浸渍过夜,回流提取二次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.15,得薤白浸膏,备用;
5、称取420g聚乙二醇4000,280g聚乙二醇6000在滴丸机调料罐中加热熔化,熔化时温度控制不超过85℃。
6、将川芎浸膏、薤白浸膏和艾片混合,用胶体磨研磨两次,研磨均匀,加入到熔融的聚乙二醇混合液中,再加入大果木姜子挥发油搅拌混匀5分钟,移至滴丸机,滴入液体石蜡中,收集滴丸,即得。
实施例2:
处方:大果木姜子4500g、艾片90g、川芎3600g、薤白 360g
制备工艺:
1、称取大果木姜子药材,破碎,加入4倍量水浸泡2小时,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,蒸馏16小时,收集挥发油,备用;
2、称取川芎药材,破碎,加乙醇回流提取二次,第一次加6倍量,浸渍2小时,提取3小时,第二次加4倍量,提取2小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.05-1.15,静置分成3层,取中层液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20,备用;
3、取步骤2项下的中层液浓缩浸膏,加氨水调PH值至9-10,加入6倍量的无水乙醇,搅拌均匀,静置12小时,抽取上清液,减压回收乙醇到相对密度为1.05,再将其置于冷库中静置12小时,取其上清液,即得川芎浸膏,备用;
4、按配方比例称取薤白药材,破碎,加入3倍量乙醇浸渍过夜,回流提取二次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.15,得薤白浸膏,备用;
5、称取700g聚乙二醇6000在滴丸机调料罐中加热熔化,熔化时温度控制不超过85℃。
6、将川芎浸膏、薤白浸膏和艾片混合,用胶体磨研磨两次,研磨均匀,加入到熔融的聚乙二醇混合液中,再加入大果木姜子挥发油搅拌混匀5分钟,移至滴丸机,滴入液体石蜡中,收集滴丸,即得。
Claims (4)
1.一种理气活血滴丸的制备方法,所述理气活血滴丸由下述重量份的原料药制成:大果木姜子350-600份、艾片4-15份、川芎250-500份、薤白 25-50份、聚乙二醇60-90份;具体包括以下步骤:
按配方比例称取川芎药材,破碎,加乙醇回流提取二次,第一次加6倍量,浸渍2小时,提取3小时,第二次加4倍量,提取2小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.05-1.15,静置分成3层,取中层液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20,备用;
取步骤项下的中层液浓缩浸膏,加氨水调pH值至9-10,加入4-8倍量的无水乙醇,搅拌均匀,静置12-24小时,抽取上清液,减压回收乙醇到相对密度为1.01-1.05,再将其置于冷库中静置12-48小时,取其上清液,即得川芎浸膏,备用;
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述理气活血滴丸由下述重量份的原料药制成:大果木姜子450份、艾片9份、川芎360份、薤白 36份、聚乙二醇70份;具体包括以下步骤:
称取川芎药材,破碎,加乙醇回流提取二次,第一次加6倍量,浸渍2小时,提取3小时,第二次加4倍量,提取2小时,滤过,合并滤液,减压回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.10,静置分成3层,取中层液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.20,备用;
取步骤项下的中层液浓缩浸膏,加氨水调PH值至9-10,加入5倍量的无水乙醇,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,抽取上清液,减压回收乙醇到相对密度为1.02,再将其置于冷库中静置24小时,取其上清液,即得川芎浸膏,备用;
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冷确剂为液体石蜡。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚乙二醇为聚乙二醇4000和聚乙二醇6000的混合物,所述聚乙二醇混合物的比例为聚乙二醇4000:聚乙二醇6000为3:2。
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