CN114073231A - Method for improving hatchability of migratory Atlantic salmon fertilized eggs - Google Patents
Method for improving hatchability of migratory Atlantic salmon fertilized eggs Download PDFInfo
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- CN114073231A CN114073231A CN202010850759.4A CN202010850759A CN114073231A CN 114073231 A CN114073231 A CN 114073231A CN 202010850759 A CN202010850759 A CN 202010850759A CN 114073231 A CN114073231 A CN 114073231A
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 241000277263 Salmo Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000001617 migratory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002710 gonadal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 abstract description 12
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010021033 Hypomenorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010000060 Abdominal distension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004373 mandible Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for improving hatchability of fertilized eggs of migratory Atlantic salmon. The mature promoting stage of the parent fish of the migratory Atlantic salmon is regulated and controlled by the photoperiod, the water temperature and the environmental factors, so that the parent fish can intensively generate mature gametes, high-quality fertilized eggs are obtained through artificial insemination, and the fertilized eggs are incubated through the regulation and control of the photoperiod, the water temperature and the environmental factors, and further the hatchability of the fertilized eggs is improved. According to the invention, through water temperature regulation, illumination control and environmental factor regulation, the technology of artificial induction maturation of gonads of parent salmons of migratory Atlantic salmons and incubation of fertilized eggs is established for the first time in China. Lays a foundation for the artificial large-scale breeding of the Atlantic salmon in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for improving hatchability of fertilized eggs of migratory Atlantic salmon.
Background
The luminous environment and the water temperature are relatively complex and special external ecological factors in the aquatic environment, which can affect the growth, ripening, reproduction and physiological activities of fishes, and different fish species and different development stages thereof have different requirements and adaptations, which can be expressed in the quality of fish eggs, the development degree of the fish eggs, the hatchability and the survival rate of fertilized eggs, and the like.
The artificial breeding technology for marine fishes in China has undergone the development process of decades, and a complete technical system is basically formed at present, but research on breeding of migratory Atlantic salmon is less. In the artificial propagation process of migratory Atlantic salmon, the light period and water environment regulation and control are crucial, but the influence of different light periods and water environments on the development, propagation, fertilized egg incubation and the like of Atlantic salmon is rarely reported in China, and the complete production technology for parent fish maturation promotion and fertilized egg incubation is not seen.
Migratory Atlantic salmon is one of the most main breed varieties of the cold water salmon in the world at present, is also the cold water salmon with the highest artificial breeding yield at present, is the country with the highest Atlantic salmon yield in the world in Norway, and is also the country with the most advanced research in the relevant field of the migratory Atlantic salmon. Due to the endangered condition of the wild resources, the local government strictly controls the fishing of the wild migratory Atlantic salmon and forbids buying, selling and selling. Therefore, the icy and fresh migratory Atlantic salmon imported from the market are all from large-scale net cage culture in Norway, Denmark, Scotland, Chilean and the like, and in recent years, with the improvement of the living standard of people in China, the demand of domestic Atlantic salmon is continuously and rapidly increased, and the market development space is large. The breeding of the current migratory Atlantic salmon is very mature abroad, and the current field is blank at present in China. Therefore, the establishment of a method for producing and hatching fertilized eggs of migratory Atlantic salmon has important significance for high-efficiency production of fingerlings and continuous and healthy development of industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving hatchability of fertilized eggs of migratory Atlantic salmon.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for improving hatchability of fertilized eggs of migratory Atlantic salmon includes regulating and controlling photo cycle, water temperature and environmental factors in the maturing stage of parent salmon to make parent salmon intensively generate mature gametes, obtaining high-quality fertilized eggs through artificial insemination, and hatching the fertilized eggs through regulating and controlling the photo cycle, the water temperature and the environmental factors to improve hatchability of the fertilized eggs.
In the maturing stage of the parent fish, namely the gonad development stage, keeping the dissolved oxygen saturation of 100-120% in a freshwater culture pond (14-16 ℃); manually regulating the water temperature to be reduced at 0.5 ℃/day, keeping the temperature for 3 days every time the temperature is reduced to 2 ℃, and reducing the temperature to 7 ℃ to maintain the water temperature for parturition; manually regulating the illumination intensity to be 100lux on the water surface, 8 hours of illumination each day, and 16 hours of darkness for 60 days; thereby realizing the gonad development of the parent fish.
The parent fish is selected from the cultured Atlantic salmon with 3-year age, strong physique and obvious gonad development characteristics. That is, if the male fish is bent upward, the female fish is swollen at the belly and stored as parent fish, and transported to 40m3-60m3A freshwater aquaculture pond, which keeps the dissolved oxygen saturation of 100-120%;
the parent fish intensively generates mature gamete, high-quality fertilized eggs are obtained through artificial insemination, the fertilized eggs are incubated in an incubation cabinet through running water, the water temperature is 8 +/-0.2 ℃, the water flow is regulated and controlled to be 1L/min/5000 eyed eggs, the dissolved oxygen saturation is 100-.
And 2ml of semen is added into each kilogram of ovum and is gently mixed, then clean fresh water with the temperature of 200 plus 400ml and 8 ℃ is added, the mixture is mixed again and is kept stand for fertilization for 3-5min, the ovum is washed for 3-5 times, the washed roe is disinfected in a solution of 0.9 percent of sodium chloride and 50ppm of iodine solution for 5min, and is washed clean by clean fresh water with the temperature of 8 ℃ after disinfection treatment, and the roe is placed into a hatching cabinet for running water hatching.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention controls the water temperature and illumination of the culture environment and regulates and controls environmental factors to promote the parent fish to grow and mature synchronously, obtains high-quality fertilized eggs, and carries out running water incubation in the incubation cabinet to obtain healthy fry. According to the invention, a technology for artificially inducing gonad maturation and breeding fertilized eggs of the migratory Atlantic salmon parent fish through water temperature regulation, illumination control and environmental factor regulation is established, the technology enables the maturation rate, the egg quality and the fertilized egg hatchability of the migratory Atlantic salmon parent fish to be obviously improved, and a foundation is laid for artificial large-scale breeding of Atlantic salmon in China.
The method can be used for breeding migratory Atlantic salmon, promoting gonad maturation and reproduction of parent salmon, and improving hatchability of fertilized eggs.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention provides a method for improving hatching rate of fertilized eggs of migration Atlantic salmon through photoperiod regulation and control and water environment factor control. In the mature accelerating stage and fertilized egg hatching stage of the parent fish of migratory Atlantic salmon, the gonads of male and female parent fishes are matured synchronously by adjusting indexes such as light cycle, water environment factors and the like, so that the maturation rate of the parent fish and the quality of spawning and sperm production are improved, and the hatchability of fertilized eggs of the migratory Atlantic salmon is improved.
The method for improving the hatchability of migratory Atlantic salmon fertilized eggs comprises the following steps:
the parent fish ripening of the migratory Atlantic salmon is carried out in a cement pond with the water depth of 2m, the water temperature (14-16 ℃) is reduced by 0.5 ℃ every day, the temperature is kept constant for 3 days every time when the temperature is reduced by 2 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 7 ℃ for spawning, and 4 LED lamps are suspended above a cultivation water body;
when the water temperature is manually regulated and controlled, the temperature reduction rate is 0.5 ℃/day, the temperature is reduced by 2 ℃ when the water temperature is reduced from the initial water temperature on the 4 th day, the temperature is kept for 3 days, then the temperature is reduced by 0.5 ℃/day, the temperature difference is 2 ℃ when the water temperature is reduced for 4 days and the last heat preservation for 3 days, and the temperature is kept for 3 days until the water temperature is reduced to 7 ℃ for production.
In the maturing stage of the parent fishes of the migratory Atlantic salmon, the illumination intensity of the water surface of a culture water body is 100lux, the illumination period is 8 hours per day, and 16 hours of darkness lasts for 60 days;
in the maturing stage of parent fishes of migratory Atlantic salmon, the flow rate of water in a culture pond is 12-16 cm/s; 100% -120% of dissolved oxygen saturation;
the water environment index of the hatching stage of the migratory Atlantic salmon fertilized eggs is that the water temperature is 8 ℃, the water flow is 1L/min/5000 eggs, the dissolved oxygen saturation is 100-.
Example 1
Experiments were carried out at Shandong east ocean science and technology Co., Ltd:
selecting female Atlantic salmon 125 tails and male salmon 90 tails with 3-year age, strong physique and obvious gonad development characteristics in 2018, making the male salmon chin bent, and making the female salmon belly swell to serve as parent fish storage, and transporting to 40m3-60m3A freshwater aquaculture pond (the water temperature is 16 ℃), and the dissolved oxygen saturation is kept between 100 and 120 percent;
manually regulating the water temperature to reduce the temperature from 16 ℃ by 1 ℃/day, keeping the temperature for 3 days every time the temperature is reduced by 2 ℃, reducing the temperature to 7 ℃ and maintaining the water temperature for production;
manually regulating the illumination intensity to be 100lux on the water surface, 8 hours of illumination each day, and 16 hours of darkness for 60 days;
respectively extruding and dissecting female fish with mature gonad development, collecting high-quality ova in batches, collecting high-quality sperms of male fish in batches by an abdominal extrusion method, collecting 60ml of high-quality sperms of male fish in batches, adding 2ml of semen into each kilogram of ova, slightly mixing, adding 400ml of fresh water with the temperature of 8 ℃, mixing again, standing and fertilizing for 3-5min, washing the ova for 3-5 times, sterilizing the cleaned ova in a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride and 50ppm iodine solution for 5min, washing the ova clean by clean fresh water with the temperature of 8 ℃ after sterilization, putting the ova into an Alvested incubator, incubating in running water, and ensuring the fertility rate to be 75%;
regulating and controlling water flow rate to be 1L/min/5000 hair eggs, wherein the dissolved oxygen saturation is more than 100-.
Example 2
Experiments were carried out at Shandong east ocean science and technology Co., Ltd:
selecting 150 fish of Atlantic salmon with 3-year age, strong constitution, obvious gonad development characteristics in 2019, such as male fish with bent mandible and female fish with swollen abdomen as parent fish, and transporting to 40m3-60m3Fresh water culture pond (water temperature is 1)4 ℃), keeping the dissolved oxygen saturation between 100 and 120 percent;
manually regulating the water temperature to reduce the temperature from 14 ℃ to 0.5 ℃/day, keeping the temperature for 3 days every time the temperature is reduced to 2 ℃, reducing the temperature to 7 ℃ and maintaining the water temperature for production;
manually regulating the illumination intensity to be 100lux on the water surface, 8 hours of illumination each day, and 16 hours of darkness for 60 days;
respectively extruding and dissecting female fishes with mature gonads to collect 49.3kg of high-quality ova in batches, carrying out abdominal extrusion to collect 60ml of male fish high-quality sperms in batches, adding 2ml of semen into each kg of ova, slightly mixing, adding 600ml of fresh water with the temperature of 8 ℃, mixing again, standing and fertilizing for 3-5min, washing the ova for 3-5 times, disinfecting the washed ova in a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride and 50ppm iodine solution for 5min, washing the ova clean by using clean fresh water with the temperature of 8 ℃ after disinfection treatment, putting the ova into an Alvested incubator, and carrying out running water incubation with the fertility rate of 78%;
regulating and controlling water flow rate to be 1L/min/5000 hair eggs, wherein the dissolved oxygen saturation is more than 100-.
Example 3
Experiments were carried out at Shandong east ocean science and technology Co., Ltd:
selecting 30 tails of 3-year-old Atlantic salmon with strong physique and obvious gonad development characteristics in 2019, selecting 30 tails of male salmon such as male salmon with bent upper jaw and female salmon with swollen belly as parent fish storage, and transporting to 10m3The dissolved oxygen saturation of the culture pond (fresh water) is kept between 100 and 120 percent;
manually regulating the water temperature to reduce the temperature from 16 ℃ by 1 ℃/day, keeping the temperature for 3 days every time the temperature is reduced by 2 ℃, reducing the temperature to 10 ℃ and maintaining the water temperature for production;
manually regulating and controlling the illumination intensity to be 200lux on the water surface, gradually decreasing the illumination period from 24 hours to 1 hour every day, finally decreasing the illumination period to 8 hours every day, and continuously keeping 16 hours of darkness for 30 days;
finally, dissecting the parent fish to find that the ovum is not free and no fertilized ovum is obtained.
According to the embodiments, the water temperature and the light control of the culture environment and the regulation and control of the environmental factors under specific conditions can promote the parent fish to grow and mature synchronously to obtain high-quality fertilized eggs, and the fertilized eggs are incubated in the incubation cabinet in running water to obtain healthy larval fish.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, extension, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving hatchability of fertilized eggs of migratory Atlantic salmon is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the maturing stage of the parent fish of the migratory Atlantic salmon, the mature gametes are generated intensively by regulating and controlling the photoperiod, the water temperature and the environmental factors, high-quality fertilized eggs are obtained by artificial insemination, and the fertilized eggs are incubated by regulating and controlling the photoperiod, the water temperature and the environmental factors, so that the hatchability of the fertilized eggs is improved.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the mature promotion stage of parent fish, namely the gonadal development stage, in the freshwater aquaculture pond, the dissolved oxygen saturation is kept between 100% and 120%; manually regulating the water temperature to be reduced at 0.5 ℃/day, keeping the temperature for 3 days every time the temperature is reduced to 2 ℃, and reducing the temperature to 7 ℃ to maintain the water temperature for parturition; manually regulating the illumination intensity to be 100lux on the water surface, 8 hours of illumination each day, and 16 hours of darkness for 60 days; thereby realizing the gonad development of the parent fish.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the parent fish is selected from the group consisting of 3-year old, robust and well characterized farmed atlantic salmon.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the parent fish collectively produce mature gametes, high-quality fertilized eggs are obtained through artificial insemination, the fertilized eggs are incubated in an incubation cabinet through running water, the incubation water temperature is 8 +/-0.2 ℃, the water flow is controlled to be 1L/min/5000 hairy eggs, the dissolved oxygen saturation is 100-.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the artificial insemination is performed to obtain high quality fertilized eggs, 2ml of semen is added to each kilogram of eggs and mixed evenly, then 400ml of clean fresh water at 8 ℃ of 200-.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010850759.4A CN114073231A (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2020-08-21 | Method for improving hatchability of migratory Atlantic salmon fertilized eggs |
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| CN202010850759.4A CN114073231A (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2020-08-21 | Method for improving hatchability of migratory Atlantic salmon fertilized eggs |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1413790A (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1975-11-12 | Unilever Ltd | Rearing of fish |
| CN101785441A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-07-28 | 通威（成都）三文鱼有限公司 | Method for cultivating parent fish of Atlantic salmon in complete fresh water |
| CN103734064A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-04-23 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Light environment regulating method for promoting gonad maturation of Atlantic salmons |
| CN104115775A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-10-29 | 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司 | Migratory Atlantic salmon factory-like artificial breeding method |
-
2020
- 2020-08-21 CN CN202010850759.4A patent/CN114073231A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1413790A (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1975-11-12 | Unilever Ltd | Rearing of fish |
| CN101785441A (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-07-28 | 通威（成都）三文鱼有限公司 | Method for cultivating parent fish of Atlantic salmon in complete fresh water |
| CN103734064A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-04-23 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Light environment regulating method for promoting gonad maturation of Atlantic salmons |
| CN104115775A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-10-29 | 山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司 | Migratory Atlantic salmon factory-like artificial breeding method |
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