CN114058939A - 一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢 - Google Patents
一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114058939A CN114058939A CN202010749897.3A CN202010749897A CN114058939A CN 114058939 A CN114058939 A CN 114058939A CN 202010749897 A CN202010749897 A CN 202010749897A CN 114058939 A CN114058939 A CN 114058939A
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- resistant steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/085—Cooling or quenching
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢的元素组成及其用途。本发明还提供了一种钢管和铸件的制备方法及其用途。本发明提供的一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢,通过优选的元素组分及其制备步骤,能够制备获得性能优异的耐热钢钢管和铸件。该种耐热钢制备的钢管和铸件具有优异的蠕变断裂强度,可以满足650℃及650℃以下压力容器或动力机械零部件的使用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料的技术领域,涉及一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢。
背景技术
压力容器中的锅炉,是一种能量转换设备,向锅炉输入的能量有燃料中的化学能、电能,锅炉输出具有一定热能的蒸汽、高温水或有机热载体。动力机械中的汽轮机也称蒸汽透平,是一种旋转式蒸汽动力装置,高温高压蒸汽穿过固定喷嘴成为加速的气流后喷射到叶片上,使得装有叶片排的转子旋转,同时对外做功。锅炉和汽轮机是现代火力发电厂的主要设备。
提高火电燃煤机组的蒸汽温度参数可以提高机组效率,减少化石燃料的消耗,实现节能减排。而锅炉和汽轮机运行温度受限于钢管如锅炉管道、铸件如汽轮机中的汽缸和阀门等关键部件材料的最高使用温度。
锅炉管道、汽轮机中的汽缸和阀门等部件用高温材料从Cr-Mo钢发展成各类9%~12%Cr铁素体钢。其中,现有钢管如锅炉管道的高温材料中,目前可供选用的有T92/P92等;现有铸件如汽轮机中汽缸和阀门的高温材料中,目前可供选用的有ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB等。但是,这些钢种的最高工作温度不能超过630℃,目前没有能够满足工作温度为650℃的钢管和铸件用耐热钢。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢,其能制成锅炉管道和汽轮机铸件,可以满足650℃及650℃以下压力容器或动力机械零部件的使用要求。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的,本发明第一方面提供一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢,由以下质量百分比的元素组成:
C(碳):0.08~0.14wt%,Si(硅):0.20~0.40wt%,Mn(锰):0.30~0.60wt%,Cr(铬):9.00~10.00wt%,Co(钴):2.80~3.30wt%,W(钨):1.65~1.90wt%,Mo(钼):0.55~0.80wt%,V(钒):0.15~0.25wt%,Nb(铌):0.03~0.08wt%,N(氮):0.006~0.015wt%,B(硼):0.009~0.015wt%,Ni(镍):≤0.20wt%,余量为Fe(铁)和不可避免的杂质。
优选地,所述杂质选自P(磷)、S(硫)、Al(铝)、Ti(钛)、Zr(锆)、Cu(铜)、Sn(锡)、As(砷)、Sb(锑)中的一种或多种元素。其中,所述杂质中元素的质量百分比含量符合以下要求:P:≤0.020wt%,S:≤0.010wt%,Al:≤0.02wt%,Ti:≤0.02wt%,Zr:≤0.02wt%,Cu:≤0.15wt%,Sn:≤0.02wt%,As:≤0.02wt%,Sb:≤0.005wt%。
优选地,所述钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,Cr(铬)当量按Cr+6Si+4Mo+1.5W+11V+5Nb-40C-2Mn-4Ni-2Co-30N计应≤8.5%,且所述B元素与N元素的质量之比为0.65~2.40:1。
优选地,所述钢管和铸件用耐热钢,由以下质量百分比的元素组成:
C:0.08~0.13wt%,Si:0.20~0.30wt%,Mn:0.40~0.50wt%,Cr:9.00~9.60wt%,Co:2.90~3.20wt%,W:1.70~1.85wt%,Mo:0.60~0.75wt%,V:0.18~0.25wt%,Nb:0.04~0.07wt%,N:0.007~0.014wt%,B:0.010~0.015wt%,Ni:≤0.10wt%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
更优选地,所述杂质中元素的质量百分比含量符合以下要求:P:≤0.020wt%,S:≤0.005wt%,Al:≤0.01wt%,Ti:≤0.01wt%,Zr:≤0.01wt%,Cu:≤0.10wt%,Sn:≤0.01wt%,As:≤0.01wt%,Sb:≤0.003wt%。
更优选地,所述钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,Cr(铬)当量按Cr+6Si+4Mo+1.5W+11V+5Nb-40C-2Mn-4Ni-2Co-30N计应≤8.0%,且所述B元素与N元素的质量之比为0.75~2.10:1。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,C元素确保淬透性。在回火过程中,C与其他元素结合,在晶界和马氏体板条边界形成M23C6碳化物,在马氏体板条内部形成MX型碳氮化物,可提高高温强度。除了确保强度和韧性外,C也是抑制有害相δ-铁素体和BN生成的不可或缺的元素。但是,如果添加过量,反而会降低韧性和强度,损害长时蠕变断裂强度。所以,C含量应限定在0.08~0.14%。进一步来说,C元素的最佳含量应限定在0.08~0.13%。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,Si作为钢水脱氧剂,与Cr共同作用还可提高钢的抗氧化性。但是,若Si添加量过多,则会在钢中残留脱氧产物SiO2,降低钢水的纯净度和韧性。另外,Si还会促进金属间化合物Laves相析出,降低蠕变塑性。在高温使用时,Si会增加回火脆性。所以,Si含量应限定在0.20~0.40%。进一步来说,Si元素的最佳含量应限定在0.20~0.30%。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,Mn元素可以脱除钢水中的氧和硫元素,提高钢的淬透性和强度,抑制δ-铁素体和BN的生成,促进M23C6碳化物析出。但随Mn元素含量增加,蠕变断裂强度降低。所以Mn元素含量应限定在0.30~0.60%。进一步来说,Mn元素的最佳含量应限定在0.40~0.50%。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,Ni元素可以增加钢的淬透性,抑制δ-铁素体和BN生成,提高室温强度和韧性。但是,添加Ni元素不利于钢的高温蠕变性能,增加钢的回火脆性。为了保证本发明耐热钢获得需要的高温蠕变强度,Ni元素添加量应尽可能低,期望不超过0.20%,不超过0.10%为最佳。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,Cr元素可以提高抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性,通过析出M23C6碳化物提高高温强度。为取得上述效果,本发明耐热钢的Cr元素含量最低为9.00%。但是,如果超过10.00%,则易生成δ-铁素体,降低高强温度和韧性。因而,Cr元素含量应限定在9.00~10.00%。进一步来说,Cr元素的最佳含量应限定在9.00~9.60%。同时,本发明耐热钢的Cr当量(Cr+6Si+4Mo+1.5W+11V+5Nb-40C-2Mn-4Ni-2Co-30N)限定在8.5%以下,更优选地限定在8.0%以下,就能避免析出δ-铁素体。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,Mo元素可提高淬透性,抑制回火脆性,促进M23C6碳化物弥散析出,提高钢的拉伸强度和蠕变断裂强度。但Mo元素过量,则会促进δ-铁素体和金属间化合物Laves相的析出,明显降低韧性。所以Mo元素含量限定在0.55~0.80%。进一步来说,Mo元素的最佳含量应限定在0.60~0.75%。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,W元素对于抑制M23C6碳化物的粗化很有效,其作用超过Mo元素,可显著提高蠕变断裂强度。添加W元素取代部分Mo元素,保证Mo元素当量(Mo+1/2W)为1.5%左右,强化效果最明显,且不至于形成过多δ-铁素体和金属间化合物Laves相。若W元素添加量超过1.90%时,会损害塑性、韧性和蠕变断裂强度,且钢中容易出现偏析。因此,W元素的含量应限定在1.65~1.90%。进一步来说,W元素的最佳含量应限定在1.70~1.85%。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,Co元素在固溶强化的同时,能抑制δ-铁素体的析出。Co元素与Mo元素和W元素相互作用,明显改善高温强度,提高钢的韧性。同时,为了控制成本,Co元素含量不宜过高。Co元素含量应限定在2.80~3.30%。进一步来说,Co元素的最佳含量应限定在2.90~3.20%。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,V元素可提高拉伸强度。而且,在马氏体板条内部生成V元素的细小碳氮化物,提高蠕变断裂强度。添加一定量的V元素,可以细化晶粒,提高韧性。但是,若添加量过多,则会降低韧性,碳被过度固定从而造成M23C6碳化物析出量减少。因此,其含量为0.15~0.25%。期望值应是0.18~0.25%。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,Nb元素与V元素一样,可以提高拉伸强度和蠕变断裂强度。Nb元素与C元素生成细小的NbC,可以细化晶粒,提高韧性。而且,Nb元素与V元素形成的MX碳氮化物,具有提高高温强度的作用,其最低含量应是0.03%。但是,其含量在0.08%以上时,则与V元素一样,过度固定碳从而减少M23C6碳化物的析出量,引起高温强度下降。因而,需限定在0.03~0.08%。期望值应是0.04~0.07%。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,N元素可与V元素析出VN氮化物,固溶状态与Mo元素和W元素组合,提高高温强度,含量最低应为0.005%。但若添加超过0.015%,则损害塑性。并且与B元素共存时,易生成共晶Fe2B和BN,损害钢的蠕变性能和韧性。所以N元素含量限定在0.006~0.015%。进一步来说,N元素的最佳含量应限定在0.007~0.014%。
在本发明所提供的钢管和铸件用耐热钢中,B元素具有晶界强化作用,具有抑制M23C6碳化物粗化的作用,提高高温强度。但是,若在0.015%以上时,则对锻造性能和焊接性能不利。因而,B元素含量限定在0.009~0.015%。进一步来说,B元素的最佳含量应限定在0.010~0.015%。为了防止B元素和N元素结合生成BN,应控制B元素与N元素的质量之比为0.65~2.40:1,更优选地,应控制在0.75~2.10:1。
上述不可避免的杂质是钢铁冶炼过程中不可避免沾染的夹杂物元素。这些元素含量应尽可能低。如果严格筛选炼钢原料,则造成成本上升。因而,应限定P含量不高于0.020%,S含量不高于0.010%,Cu含量不高于0.15%。同时,其他夹杂物元素有Al、Ti、Zr、Sn、As、Sb等对本耐热钢的力学性能有不利影响,应尽量降低其含量。
本发明第二方面提供一种钢管的制备方法,将所述耐热钢按元素配比取原料混合后进行冶炼,先采用连铸、模铸、热轧或热锻中的任一种制成管坯,然后将管坯采用热轧、热挤压、热扩、冷拔、冷轧或锻造镗孔中的任一种制成钢管,再将钢管进行正火或淬火后回火,即得。
优选地,所述正火或淬火的温度为1070~1160℃。
优选地,所述回火包括至少一次,所述回火的温度为740~790℃。
上述连铸、模铸、热轧、热锻、热挤压、热扩、冷拔、冷轧或锻造镗孔均为钢铁制造领域公知的技术工序。
上述钢管的技术工序符合国家标准GB5310的规定。
本发明第三方面提供一种铸件的制备方法,将所述耐热钢按元素配比取原料混合后进行冶炼、浇铸后得到铸件,再将铸件进行正火或淬火后回火,即得。
优选地,所述正火或淬火的温度为1070~1160℃。
优选地,所述回火包括至少一次,所述回火的温度为730~780℃。
上述浇铸为钢铁制造领域公知的技术工序。
本发明第四方面提供上述耐热钢、或钢管在压力容器中的用途。
优选地,所述压力容器为锅炉管道。
本发明第五方面提供上述耐热钢、或铸件在动力机械中的用途。
优选地,所述动力机械为汽轮机。
上述钢管和/或铸件的制备方法中,所述冶炼包括有合金熔炼及精炼工序。上述冶炼中的合金熔炼、精炼工序均为钢铁制造领域公知的技术工序。
如上所述,本发明提供的一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢,通过优选的元素组分及其制备步骤,能够制备获得性能优异的钢管和铸件。其与现有的锅炉管道材料T/P92相比,添加了Co元素,调整了B和N的比例,提高了Cr、Mo、B元素的含量,降低了Nb、N和Ni元素的含量,对Si、W元素含量做了更严格的限定,增加了对杂质元素Cu、Sn、As、Sb的限定;与现有的铸件材料ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB相比,添加了W元素,调整了B和N的比例,提高了Co和B元素的含量,降低了Mn、Mo、N和Ni元素的含量,增加了对杂质元素Ti、Zr、Cu、Sn、As、Sb的限定。
本发明提供的一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢,提高了高温蠕变断裂强度和抗氧化性能,这将使得使用温度提高,从而提高发电机组的热效率,降低煤炭消耗和二氧化碳排放。该新型耐热钢用作钢管材料时材料牌号简称TB4(小口径管)/PB4(大口径管),用于铸件材料时材料牌号简称CB4。
本发明提供的一种钢管和铸件用耐热钢,可以被用于制备压力容器和动力机械,尤其是锅炉管道和汽轮机铸件,制备获得的锅炉管道和汽轮机铸件在650℃及650℃以下的高温环境中具有良好的高温蠕变断裂强度和抗氧化性能,可以满足工作温度为650℃及650℃以下的锅炉和汽轮机的使用要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步阐述本发明,应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的保护范围。
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用,在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。
实施例1
按配比取各元素组分,如表1所示,各组分由以下质量百分比的元素组成:
C:0.10wt%,Si:0.30wt%,Mn:0.50wt%,Cr:9.30wt%,Co:3.00wt%,W:1.80wt%,Mo:0.65wt%,V:0.23wt%,Nb:0.05wt%,N:0.012wt%,B:0.012wt%,Ni:0.05wt%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
如表2所示,杂质中元素的质量百分比含量为:P:0.008wt%,S:0.003wt%,Al:0.01wt%,Ti:0.003wt%,Zr:0.001wt%,Cu:0.05wt%,Sn:0.001wt%,As:0.001wt%,Sb:0.001wt%。
其中,按Cr+6Si+4Mo+1.5W+11V+5Nb-40C-2Mn-4Ni-2Co-30N计,Cr当量为7.62%。B元素与N元素的质量之比为1:1。
按上述各元素配比取原料混合后,进行冶炼,即依次进行合金熔炼、精炼,再模铸成管坯,将管坯进行热挤压后得到钢管,再将钢管进行正火后回火,即得钢管样品1#。其中,正火的温度为1100℃,回火包括1次,回火的温度为780℃。钢管样品1#为锅炉钢管。
实施例2
按配比取各元素组分,如表1所示,各组分由以下质量百分比的元素组成:
C:0.12wt%,Si:0.25wt%,Mn:0.45wt%,Cr:9.60wt%,Co:3.20wt%,W:1.75wt%,Mo:0.70wt%,V:0.20wt%,Nb:0.07wt%,N:0.009wt%,B:0.013wt%,Ni:0.10wt%,余量为Fe(铁)和不可避免的杂质。
如表2所示,杂质中元素的质量百分比含量为:P:0.012wt%,S:0.005wt%,Al:0.01wt%,Ti:0.005wt%,Zr:0.001wt%,Cu:0.06wt%,Sn:0.001wt%,As:0.002wt%,Sb:0.0015wt%。
其中,按Cr+6Si+4Mo+1.5W+11V+5Nb-40C-2Mn-4Ni-2Co-30N计,Cr当量为6.7%。B元素与N元素的质量之比为1.4:1。
按上述各元素配比取原料混合后,进行冶炼,即依次进行合金熔炼、精炼,再浇铸成铸件,将铸件进行正火后回火,即得铸件样品1*。其中,正火的温度为1140℃,回火包括2次,回火的温度为755℃。铸件样品1*为汽轮机阀壳铸件。
表1实施例1-2的样品中必要元素含量(wt%)
表2实施例1-2的样品中杂质元素含量(wt%)
元素 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 |
P | 0.008 | 0.012 |
S | 0.003 | 0.005 |
Al | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Ti | 0.003 | 0.005 |
Zr | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Cu | 0.05 | 0.06 |
Sn | 0.001 | 0.001 |
As | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Sb | 0.001 | 0.0015 |
对比例1
选择现有钢管材料T92/P92及铸件材料ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB,现有钢管材料T92/P92及铸件材料ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB与本发明耐热钢中所含元素组成见表3。
表3组成元素对比(wt.%)
测试例1
根据标准ASTM A213/A335和JB/T 11018,将现有钢管材料T92/P92及铸件材料ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB的力学性能指标列出,具体数据见表4。表4中Rp0.2为屈服强度,Rm为抗拉强度,A为延伸率,Z为断面收缩率,KV2为冲击吸收功。同时,将实施例1获得的钢管样品1#和实施例2获得的铸件样品1*,按照国家标准GB/T228.1进行了室温拉伸试验,按照国家标准GB/T229进行了室温冲击试验,测试结果见表4。
由表4所示,现有钢管材料T92/P92与实施例1获得的钢管样品1#比较可知,钢管样品1#获得的室温力学性能满足T92/P92的指标要求。
由表4所示,现有铸件材料ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB与实施例2获得的铸件样品1*比较可知,铸件样品1*获得的室温力学性能满足ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB的指标要求。
测试例2
将实施例1获得的钢管样品1#和实施例2获得的铸件样品1*,按照国家标准GB/T2039标准进行了蠕变断裂强度试验,然后按照国家标准GB/T 2039中规定的外推方法推导出650℃/10万小时条件下的蠕变断裂强度极限Ru100000h/650℃,并分别与T92/P92及ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB在650℃/10万小时条件下的蠕变断裂强度进行比较,结果如表4所示。
由表4可知,实施例1获得的钢管样品1#的蠕变断裂强度外推值,相比现有钢管材料T92/P92提高了50%以上,强化效果明显,可满足650℃下锅炉管道的使用要求。
由表4可知,实施例2获得的铸件样品1*的蠕变断裂强度外推值,相比现有铸件材料ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB提高了40%以上,强化效果明显,可满足650℃下汽轮机铸件的使用要求。
表4力学性能和蠕变断裂强度对比
测试例3
对实施例1获得的钢管样品1#和实施例2获得的铸件样品1*,以及现有钢管材料T92/P92及铸件材料ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB,分别进行620℃和650℃下的氧化增重试验。将试样置于620℃/650℃和27MPa流动的水蒸汽环境中,时间最长至2000h,测试这个时间段内各试样增重变化,氧化增重越小说明材料抗氧化性越好。
试验结果显示,同一温度下,钢管样品1#的抗氧化性明显好于T92/P92,铸件样品1*的抗氧化性明显好于ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB。
在不同温度下,如650℃下,钢管样品1#的氧化增重与T92/P92在620℃下的氧化增重相近,铸件样品1*的氧化增重与ZG13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbNB在620℃下的氧化增重相近。表明本发明耐热钢制备的钢管和铸件,在不采用表面防护涂层来抗氧化的前提下,基本可以满足650℃工作条件下长期使用的需要。
所以,本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (12)
1.一种耐热钢,由以下质量百分比的元素组成:
C:0.08~0.14wt%,Si:0.20~0.40wt%,Mn:0.30~0.60wt%,Cr:9.00~10.00wt%,Co:2.80~3.30wt%,W:1.65~1.90wt%,Mo:0.55~0.80wt%,V:0.15~0.25wt%,Nb:0.03~0.08wt%,N:0.006~0.015wt%,B:0.009~0.015wt%,Ni:≤0.20wt%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐热钢,其特征在于,所述杂质选自P、S、Al、Ti、Zr、Cu、Sn、As、Sb中的一种或多种元素;所述杂质中元素的质量百分比含量符合以下要求:P:≤0.020wt%,S:≤0.010wt%,Al:≤0.02wt%,Ti:≤0.02wt%,Zr:≤0.02wt%,Cu:≤0.15wt%,Sn:≤0.02wt%,As:≤0.02wt%,Sb:≤0.005wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐热钢,其特征在于,所述耐热钢中,Cr当量按Cr+6Si+4Mo+1.5W+11V+5Nb-40C-2Mn-4Ni-2Co-30N计应≤8.5%,且所述B元素与N元素的质量之比为0.65~2.40:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐热钢,其特征在于,所述耐热钢由以下质量百分比的元素组成:C:0.08~0.13wt%,Si:0.20~0.30wt%,Mn:0.40~0.50wt%,Cr:9.00~9.60wt%,Co:2.90~3.20wt%,W:1.70~1.85wt%,Mo:0.60~0.75wt%,V:0.18~0.25wt%,Nb:0.04~0.07wt%,N:0.007~0.014wt%,B:0.010~0.015wt%,Ni:≤0.10wt%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
5.根据权利要求4所述的耐热钢,其特征在于,所述杂质中元素的质量百分比含量符合以下要求:P:≤0.020wt%,S:≤0.005wt%,Al:≤0.01wt%,Ti:≤0.01wt%,Zr:≤0.01wt%,Cu:≤0.10wt%,Sn:≤0.01wt%,As:≤0.01wt%,Sb:≤0.003wt%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的耐热钢,其特征在于,所述耐热钢中,Cr当量按Cr+6Si+4Mo+1.5W+11V+5Nb-40C-2Mn-4Ni-2Co-30N计应≤8.0%,且所述B元素与N元素的质量之比为0.75~2.10:1。
7.一种钢管的制备方法,将根据权利要求1-6任一所述的耐热钢按元素配比取原料混合后进行冶炼,先采用连铸、模铸、热轧或热锻中的任一种制成管坯,然后将管坯采用热轧、热挤压、热扩、冷拔、冷轧或锻造镗孔中的任一种制成钢管,再将钢管进行正火或淬火后回火,即得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的钢管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述正火或淬火的温度为1070~1160℃;所述回火包括至少一次,所述回火的温度为740~790℃。
9.一种铸件的制备方法,将根据权利要求1-6任一所述的耐热钢按元素配比取原料混合后进行冶炼、浇铸后得到铸件,再将铸件进行正火或淬火后回火,即得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的铸件的制备方法,其特征在于,所述正火或淬火的温度为1070~1160℃;所述回火包括至少一次,所述回火的温度为730~780℃。
11.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的耐热钢、或根据权利要求7-8任一所述的钢管在压力容器中的用途。
12.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的耐热钢、或根据权利要求9-10任一所述的铸件在动力机械中的用途。
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