CN114058542A - 一种多粘类芽孢杆菌菌剂及其对胡萝卜根腐病的防治作用 - Google Patents
一种多粘类芽孢杆菌菌剂及其对胡萝卜根腐病的防治作用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多粘类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxaWSL8,该菌株保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC NO.23706。本发明进一步公开了该菌剂在用于防治胡萝卜根腐病方面的应用;实验结果显示:离体条件下,对根腐病病原菌菌丝生长抑制率达到79.0%;经该微生物菌剂处理后,离体胡萝卜对根腐病抗性明显增强,相对防治效果达到90%;含有根腐病病原菌的土壤中喷施该微生物菌剂后,种子出苗率提高24.5%,达到86.7%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种微生物菌剂,更确切地说是一种多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)WSL8活菌或发酵液的微生物菌剂以及该菌剂对胡萝卜根腐病的防治作用。
背景技术
胡萝卜富含胡萝卜素、多种维生素和氨基酸,质脆味美、营养丰富,具有抗衰老、预防血管硬化、促消化和抗癌等多重功效。世界上 130 多个国家种植胡萝卜,我国栽培面积和产量双居世界第一。相对于其他蔬菜而言,生产中病虫害较少,因此其防治常常被忽略。随着胡萝卜栽培面积的不断增加,规模化栽培基地逐渐形成,
导致胡萝卜多种病害时有发生,尤其是近年来镰刀菌引起的根腐病,对胡萝卜生产构成极大威胁,生产中多用化学杀菌剂进行防治。
随着全球对生态环境和农产品安全的日益关注,绿色食品已成为农业发展的主流方向。绿色食品需要绿色农业,绿色农业离不开“绿色防控”。微生物农药以其安全、无毒副作用、不污染环境等优点在“绿色防控”体系中占据着越来越重要的地位。
多粘类芽孢杆菌是一种产芽孢的革兰氏阳性细菌,在自然环境中栖息广泛,不仅常见于土壤、水、植物体表以及植物的根、低茎部位,而且是常见的植物内生细菌。具有从土壤向植物根部移动并定殖于植物根际的能力,通过固氮、溶磷和产生抗菌物质等方式提高植物抗病能力。对植物具有非致病性,对人畜安全、对环境无污染,美国环保署(EPA)将其列为可在商业上应用的微生物之一,我国亦将其列为免做安全鉴定的一级菌种。
多粘类芽孢杆菌作用范围广,能够防治病原细菌、病原真菌、根结线虫等多种有害微生物,是一类极具开发前景和应用价值的生防细菌,研制新型多粘类芽孢杆菌生防制剂,用于植物病害防治,可以有效缓解长期使用化学农药造成环境污染的不利局面。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是公开了一种多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxaWSL8),其在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心的保藏编号为CGMCCNO. 23706。。
本发明的另一个目的是公开了Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌株的分离和培养方法。
本发明的再一个目的是公开了采用Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8制备微生物菌剂的方法。
本发明的再一个目的是提供该微生物菌剂在防治胡萝卜根腐病方面的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下的技术方案:
本发明公开的多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8),保藏时间为2021年11月2日。保藏地点:中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(ChinaGeneral Microbiological Cultuer Collection Centre),保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,邮政编码:100101。
多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8)所具有的形态、生理生化特征如下:
(1)菌落及形态特征:在NA培养基上菌落呈乳白色、近圆形、不透明、表面光滑、边缘整齐、粘稠。革兰氏染色反应阳性,菌体杆状,芽孢卵圆形。显微镜观察菌株形态。
(2)生理生化特征:能够厌氧生长,接触酶阳性,氧化酶阴性,能够进行硝酸盐还原反应,V-P测定阳性,不降解酪氨酸,不能利用柠檬酸,不产生吲哚,水解酪蛋白、淀粉、明胶,不水解尿素,阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、木糖、甘油产酸、产气,在5% NaCl中生长,7% NaCl中不生长,适宜生长温度30℃。
本发明所述多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)的分离与培养方法,其特征在于按如下步骤进行:
(1)Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8的分离:从天津市西青区采集的健康的黄瓜叶片,流水下冲洗1-2 h,75%的乙醇中浸泡30 s,2.5% NaClO消毒8 min,无菌水洗涤3次,每次1min;
(2)将(1)得到的灭菌叶片置于无菌研钵中,加入少量PBS(pH7.0)缓冲液研磨,取研磨汁液系列稀释后,分别取100µl涂布于NA平板上,28℃黑暗培养;
(3)挑取NA平板上的单菌落,划线纯化培养,得到Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8;将Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8接种于NB培养基中,30℃、180rpm/min振荡培养24h,将Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌液在25%甘油中-80℃保存备用;其中NA培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g、琼脂粉12g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2;NB培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl5g、牛肉膏3g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2。
本发明进一步公开了Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8在25%的甘油中-80℃保存,使用时接种到NA培养基上30℃活化培养48h,再接种到NB培养基中于30℃、180rpm/min振荡培养24h,以1%接种量接种到发酵培养基中振荡培养48h后,得到3~5×109个孢子/ml发酵液。
其中的NA培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g、琼脂粉12g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2;
NB培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2.
发酵培养基:黄豆粉40g、玉米淀粉20g、NaCl5g、KH2PO4 3.0g、 CaCl2 1.0g,加水至1000ml, pH7.2-7.5。
本发明制备的Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂的特点:
检验项目:小白鼠急性口服毒性。
检验结果:小白鼠饲喂后,观察期内未见明显中毒症状、无死亡,尸检中各主要脏器无明显异常。
检测结论:本品的小鼠急性经口毒性LD50>20/g/kg.BW.按照«食品安全性毒理学评价疗程和方法»(GB15193.3-2003),本品属于无毒。
本发明进一步公开了Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂在用于防治胡萝卜根腐病方面的应用;所述的防治胡萝卜根腐病指的是:Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂对根腐病原菌生长抑制作用;对离体胡萝卜根腐病的防治效果、盆栽条件下对胡萝卜出苗率的影响以及对根腐病的防治作用。实验结果显示:平皿中对根腐病病原菌菌丝生长抑制率达到79.0%;经该微生物菌剂处理后,离体胡萝卜对根腐病抗性明显增强,相对防治效果达到90%;含有根腐病病原菌的土壤中喷施该微生物菌剂后,种子出苗率提高24.5%,达到86.7%,对根腐病的防治效果达到91.4%。
本发明公开的Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂所具有的有益效果在于:
多粘类芽孢杆菌是自然界中广泛存在的一类细菌,对多种植物病原真菌、细菌和线虫具有拮抗活性,营养要求相对简单,易存活、定殖,通过直接和间接作用促进植物生长并抑制植物病害的发生;对植物具有非致病性,对人畜安全、对环境无污染,美国环保署(EPA)将其列为可在商业上应用的微生物之一,我国亦将其列为免做安全鉴定的一级菌种。多粘类芽孢杆菌制剂的研发,对于解决农产品及粮食农药残留污染严重超标问题,改善生态环境,增强有益微生物,增强土壤保护作用,加强土壤对肥料利用率低难题,减少抗药性等问题具有重要作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例说明本发明,这里所述实施例的方案,不限于本发明,本领域的专业人员按照本发明的宗旨可以对其进行调整和改变,所述的这些调整和改变都应视为在本发明的范围内,本发明的范围和实质由权利要求来限定。下面通过实例来进一步阐明本发明Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂制备方法。本发明所用到的试剂除特别指出外,均有市售。“早春95”胡萝卜及种子均有市售。
实施例1
Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8的制备
Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8的分离:从天津市西青区采集的健康的黄瓜叶片,流水下冲洗1-2 h,75%的乙醇中浸泡30 s,2.5% NaClO消毒8 min,无菌水洗涤3次,每次1min;
挑取NA平板上的单菌落,划线纯化培养,得到Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8;将Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8接种于NB培养基中,30℃、180rpm/min振荡培养24h,将Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌液在25%甘油中-80℃保存备用;其中NA培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g、琼脂粉12g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2;NB培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl5g、牛肉膏3g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2。
实施例2
Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8在25%的甘油中-80℃保存,使用时接种到NA培养基上30℃活化培养48h,再接种到NB培养基中于30℃、180rpm/min振荡培养24h,以1%接种量接种到发酵培养基振荡培养48h后,得到3~5×109个孢子/ml发酵液。
其中的NA培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g、琼脂粉12g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2;
NB培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2。
发酵培养基:黄豆粉40g、玉米淀粉20g、NaCl5g、KH2PO4 3.0g、 CaCl2 1.0g,加水至1000ml, pH7.2-7.5.
实施例3
Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8在25%的甘油中-80℃保存,使用时接种到NA培养基上30℃活化培养48h,再接种到NB培养基中于30℃、180rpm/min振荡培养24h,以2%接种量接种到发酵培养基振荡培养48h后,得到3~5×109个孢子/ml发酵液。
其中的NA培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g、琼脂粉12g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2;
NB培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2.
发酵培养基:黄豆粉40g、玉米淀粉20g、NaCl 5g、KH2PO4 3.0g、 CaCl2 1.0g,加水至1000ml, pH7.2-7.5.
实施例4
Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8在25%的甘油中-80℃保存,使用时接种到NA培养基上30℃活化培养48h,再接种到NB培养基中于30℃、180rpm/min振荡培养24h,以3%接种量接种到发酵培养基中振荡培养48h后,得到3~5×109个孢子/ml发酵液。
其中的NA培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g、琼脂粉12g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2;
NB培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g,加水至1000ml,pH 7.0-7.2.
发酵培养基:黄豆粉40g、玉米淀粉20g、NaCl5g、KH2PO4 3.0g、 CaCl2 1.0g,加水至1000ml,pH7.2-7.5.
试验实例1:
Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂对根腐病病原真菌(河北农业大学提供,对外可以免费提供)菌丝生长抑制作用
根腐病病原真菌准备:将根腐病病原真菌接种于PDA平板中部,置于25℃、黑暗条件下培养7天。
Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂准备: Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8在25%的甘油中-80℃保存,使用时接种到NA培养基上活化培养48h,再接种到NB培养基中于30℃、180rpm/min振荡培养24h,以1%接种量接种到发酵培养基振荡培养48h后,得到3~5×109个孢子/ml发酵液备用。
用Ф=6mm打孔器打取在PDA培养基上生长7天的根腐病原真菌菌落边缘菌丝,接种于PDA平板中间,边缘接种5µl Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂。每处理6皿,重复3次,设清水对照。培养皿置于25℃黑暗培养7天后,测量菌落直径,并计算抑菌率。
表1. Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂对根腐病原菌生长抑制作用
表1表明,Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂对胡萝卜根腐病病原菌菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用,抑菌率达79%。
试验实例2:
Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂对离体胡萝卜根腐病的防治效果
无伤口胡萝卜在Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂中浸泡5min取出,接种Ф=6mm的根腐病原真菌菌苔,每处理10根胡萝卜,重复3次,设多菌灵和清水对照。25℃、黑暗条件下保湿,7天后,测量病斑直径,并计算相对防治效果。
相对防治效果(%)=(对照病斑直径-处理病斑直径)/对照组病斑直径× 100%
表2. Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂对胡萝卜根腐病的相对防治效果
表2表明,经Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂处理后,胡萝卜根腐病发病率降低,病斑直径明显减小,WSL8菌剂对根腐病相对防治效果达90%。
试验实例3:
Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8对盆栽胡萝卜根腐病的防治效果
将灭菌土和灭菌沙以l:l(体积比)混匀放于花盆中(20 cm × 20 cm),然后浇灌病原菌孢子悬浮液,混匀,使土壤中病原菌孢子浓度为l~3×104个·g-1。
选取健康种子,自来水清洗后,用l%次氯酸钠溶液表面消毒10min,再用无菌水反复冲洗3次。将“早春95”胡萝卜种子播于装有带菌土的花盆中,每盆45粒。播种后喷施WSL8菌剂,以50%多菌灵和清水作为对照,每处理3盆,3次重复。放置于25±1℃温室中,正常管理。14天后调查胡萝卜株高、出苗率、根腐病发病率,并计算相对防治效果。
相对防治效果(%)=(对照根腐病发病率-处理根腐病发病率)/对照组根腐病发病率× 100%
表1. Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂对胡萝卜出苗率的影响
表3表明,经Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂处理后,胡萝卜出苗率明显提高,达到86.7%,远高于多菌灵对照(77.8%)和清水对照(62.2%);发病率降低,对根腐病的相对防治效果达到91.4%。
Claims (3)
1.一种多粘类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxaWSL8,其特征在该菌株于2021年11月2日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC NO.23706。
2.一种采用权利要求1所述的多粘类芽孢杆菌 Paenibacillus polymyxaWSL8制备微生物菌剂的方法,其特征在于按如下的步骤进行:
(1)Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8在25%的甘油中-80℃保存,使用时接种到NA培养基上30℃活化培养48h,再接种到NB培养基中于30℃、180rpm/min振荡培养24h,以1~3%接种量接种到发酵培养基中振荡培养48h后,得到3~5×109个孢子/ml发酵液;其中的NA培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g、琼脂粉12g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2;NB培养基蛋白胨10g、NaCl 5g、牛肉膏3g,加水至1000ml,pH7.0-7.2;发酵培养基:黄豆粉40g、玉米淀粉20g、NaCl5g、KH2PO4 3.0g、 CaCl2 1.0g,加水至1000ml,pH7.2-7.5。
3.采用权利要求2所述方法制备的该微生物菌剂在用于防治胡萝卜根腐病方面的应用;所述的防治胡萝卜根腐病指的是:Paenibacillus polymyxa WSL8菌剂对根腐病原菌生长抑制作用;对离体胡萝卜根腐病的防治效果、盆栽条件下对胡萝卜出苗率的影响以及对根腐病的防治作用。
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Cited By (1)
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CN116083287A (zh) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-05-09 | 中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所 | 一株多粘类芽孢杆菌及其在农业领域的应用 |
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