CN114041621A - 一种利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于工业废弃物综合利用技术领域,具体涉及一种利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法。本发明以不添加化学成分完成烟碱提取后的烟草废渣为原料,通过高温蒸料和专用发酵混剂的发酵将该原料中的糖类、蛋白质类、果胶类等难以利用的长链物质分解为可利用的小分子短链化合物,再通过压榨过滤和低温真空浓缩得到高浓度的香糖料。本发明所制得的香糖料中致香成分和潜香类物质与烟草原料基本一致,和烟草香气的协调性好,可直接应用于烟草薄片的涂布液成分、加热不燃烧烟草的香糖料添加剂,以及低焦油卷烟香糖料的添加剂。该香糖料不仅有利于烟草制品的香气、口感和吸味的改善和提升,而且剩余废渣无需处理,可直接作为生物质肥料使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于工业废弃物综合利用技术领域,具体涉及一种利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法。
背景技术
卷烟生产企业在卷烟生产过程中会产生碎片、烟末、烟梗等大量工业源烟草废弃物,每年高达50万吨以上。国内针对工业源烟草废弃物的综合利用主要包括三个方向,再造烟叶的回收利用、有用物质的提取利用和生物质堆肥生产。其中,再造烟叶的回收利用工业化较成熟,但对废弃物要求较高,所能利用的比例较低;直接进行生物质堆肥生产不仅造成烟草废弃物中大量诸如烟碱、致香成分、潜香类物质等有用物质的浪费,而且烟碱含量过高会杀死土壤中的有益菌株,造成农作物减产,必须提取烟碱后才能更好的进行综合利用。
烟碱广泛应用于精细化工、制药、国防和烟用添加剂等领域,有较大的提取价值,主要以蒸馏水、MRET活化水、碱性溶剂、酸性溶剂等作为萃取剂从工业源烟草废弃物中进行萃取为主。其中使用蒸馏水和MRET活化水提取烟碱后的烟草废渣具有较低的处理成本和较高的利用价值,该废渣含有约20%的淀粉、10%的蛋白质和8%的果胶(均以干物质计)。
目前公开的信息中有一些关于工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的报道,其中与本发明相似的工艺技术为:1997年第6期《烟草科技》“利用烟草废料生产烟用糖和酒精的方法”;郑州大学硕士论文“烟草废弃物酶解与Maillard反应及在烟草加香中的研究”。通过对比研究已有的工艺路线,发现现有技术中主要存在以下几个方面问题:
1)烟草废弃物中的烟碱对发酵菌株具有较高毒性,在烟碱含量较高时发酵的效果和转化率较低。
2)工业源烟草废弃物中大量的蛋白质和果胶未得到利用,降低了烟草废弃物的综合利用效益。
3)通过添加酸性或碱性物质调节发酵液PH值,导致提取发酵液后的残渣失去利用价值或环保处理成本较高,推广价值不大。
发明内容
为了克服背景技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了一种利用烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法,本发明以蒸馏水或MRET活化水作为萃取剂从工业源烟草废弃物中提取烟碱后的废渣为原料,使用按一定比例配制的发酵混合粉剂对该废渣进行充分发酵,利用其含有的丰富淀粉、蛋白质和果胶成分,制备出可有效提升烟草品质的烟用香糖料。
通过本发明的制备方法,淀粉转化率为32%-35%,蛋白质转化率为12%-15%,果胶转化率为13%-15%,得到的烟用香糖料和烟草自然香气物质组成的相似度较高,尤其含有较多烟草含有的特有香气成分和特殊成分,以及增香作用的醇类、酯类香气物质和梅拉德反应产物,和卷烟香气协调性较好,对丰富卷烟香味起到较好作用。制备的烟草香糖料可应用于烟草薄片、加热不燃烧卷烟和烟草香糖料的组分。
本发明的目的在于,为工业源烟草废弃物的综合利用提供一种通过混合发酵粉剂的发酵制备烟用香糖料的方法。本发明是采用以下技术方案实现的:
所述的利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:烟草废渣在95-100℃的高温下蒸料30-40min,静置冷却;
步骤二:向冷却后的烟草废渣中按1.5%的质量比均匀混入混合发酵粉剂;
步骤三:将混有混合发酵粉剂的烟草废渣移入发酵罐中,在30-40℃环境下发酵12-15天;
步骤四:将发酵后的烟草废渣中过滤出的液体进行真空低温浓缩,制成烟用香糖料。
作为优选,步骤一中的烟草废渣为工业源烟草废弃物经蒸馏水或MRET活化水萃取烟碱后的剩余残渣,含水量为30%-40%。
作为优选,步骤二中的混合发酵粉剂为每100g含有麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g和果胶酶2.5g的发酵粉剂混合物。
作为优选,步骤三中所述的发酵罐为底部带有陶制滤液板的陶制发酵罐。
作为优选,步骤四中真空低温浓缩采用植物浸膏低温连续干燥机进行。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明通过对提取烟碱后的烟草废渣,使用发酵流程和特定的混合发酵粉剂对烟草废渣进行充分发酵,利用烟草废渣中含有的淀粉、蛋白质和果胶,转化并制备出有利提升烟草品质的烟用香糖料,进一步挖掘烟草废料的使用价值,以标准含水率的烟草废料计算,烟用香糖料的收率可以达到10.3%。
本发明中,混合发酵粉剂配方比例为每100g发酵粉剂中含有麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g和果胶酶2.5g。其发酵原理:淀粉酶将烟草废渣中的淀粉水解为小分子物质,酒精酵母把这些小分子物质进一步水解成乙醇及其他酯香成分,果胶酶将烟草废渣中的果胶水解为小分子的糖和醛,产酯酵母把其中的乙醇和糖类、酸类物质转化为酯类香气成分。按照以上配比,制备的烟用香糖料中致香和潜香类物质的组成和烟草原料相似度极高,可满足卷烟香气和协调性需要。
本发明具有较好的经济价值,按照烟用香糖料(干物质含量10%的浓缩液)售价2500元/kg计算,工业源烟草废弃物(包含烟梗)可制备出1.75万吨烟用香糖料,产值可达到1.28亿元。同时,制备香糖料后的残渣已经过充分发酵,对土壤和植物不利的烟碱等成分已提取或转化,可直接作为生物肥料。
附图说明
图1是本发明的提取工艺流程简图。
图2是本发明的发酵罐结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,下面将对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的说明,以方便技术人员理解。
所述的利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法包括以下步骤:
(1)工业源烟草废弃物经过酸性或者碱性溶剂萃取后致香和潜香类物质被破坏,废渣的处理工艺复杂、成本较高,只能无害化处理后作为生物质肥料使用。本发明制备的原料选取经蒸馏水或MRET活化水萃取烟碱后的残渣,经过压榨控制含水量为30%-40%,在95-100℃高温下蒸料30-40min后静置冷却。
(2)向冷却后的烟草废渣均匀混入1.5%的混合发酵粉剂(每100g混合发酵混剂中含有麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g和果胶酶2.5g)。淀粉酶将烟草废渣中的淀粉水解为小分子物质,酒精酵母把这些小分子物质成分水解成乙醇及其他酯香成分,果胶酶将烟草废渣中的果胶水解为小分子的糖和醛,产酯酵母把其中的乙醇和糖类、酸类物质转化为酯类香气成分。
(3)将添加混合发酵粉剂的烟草废渣放入发酵罐,在30-40℃环境下发酵12-15天。所用发酵罐为陶制发酵罐,底部有陶制滤液板,通过从滤板不断滤出发酵液,水解产物的滤出可有效维持整个发酵环境相对恒定,反应速率不会因水解产物的富集抑制发酵过程,保持发酵过程始终维持在较高的水平。
(4)将发酵后的烟草废渣中滤出的液体在植物浸膏低温连续干燥机进行真空低温浓缩,制成烟用香糖料,浓缩后有效物质(除水分)比例为10.5%--12.5%。
实施例1
下面将结合附图1-2,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
某卷烟厂地处云南,卷烟年产量达到100万箱,每年产生工业源烟草废弃物中烟末约2000吨、废烟梗约5000吨。为充分利用该烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料,具体步骤如下:
步骤一:从采用MRET活化水提取工业源烟草废弃物中烟碱后的剩余废渣中,通过压榨控制含水量为30%,松散后在96℃的高温下蒸料30min,静置冷却至40℃。
步骤二:向冷却后的废渣中均匀混入1.5%的混合发酵粉剂(每100g发酵粉剂中含麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g、果胶酶2.5g)。
步骤三:将添加了混合发酵粉剂的烟草废渣移入发酵罐中,在30-40℃环境下发酵13天。发酵罐为陶制发酵罐,底部有陶制滤液板,其结构见附图2。
步骤四:通过压榨机将烟草废渣中发酵液压出,采用MJ-31植物浸膏低温连续干燥机进行真空低温浓缩,制得烟用香糖料,浓缩后有效物质(除水分)比例为10.5%--12.5%。
对制得的烟用香糖料进行顶空分析,所得分析结果如下:
表1 实施例1的烟用香糖料顶空分析结果
以标准含水率的烟草废弃物计算,淀粉转化率为33.6%,蛋白质转化率为13%,果胶转化率为15%,烟用香糖料收率为10.3%(有效物质含量10.5%的浓缩液)。所得的香糖料成分种类中,几乎所有成分种类与烟草原料天然香气化学成分相同,其中,提取液中乙醛、乙醇、乙酸、甲酸、甲酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、丙酸、2,3-二氢-1,1,5,6-四甲基-1H-吲哚等发酵过程产生成份比例显著高于烟草天然成份比例,而该几类成分被认为有利卷烟香气提升和改善。
用本实施例的香糖料添加到,分别以相同的工艺和比例加入某型号的卷烟中,按照国标GB5606.4-2005标准,对其进行感官评价打分,得出感官质量如下表。
表2实施例1所得香糖料与感官效果对比
实施例2
某卷烟厂地处云南,年烟产量达到100万箱,2018年产生烟草废料烟末2000吨,废烟梗5000吨。本发明对提取烟碱后的烟草废渣进行如下步骤处理:
步骤一:从烟草中提取烟碱的三级萃取剩余的废渣,通过压榨控制含水量40%,松散后在100℃高温下蒸30min,静置冷却至40℃。
步骤二:向冷却后的废渣中均匀混入1.5%的混合发酵粉剂(每100g发酵粉剂中含麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g、果胶酶2.5g)。
步骤三:将添加了混合发酵粉剂的烟草废渣移入发酵罐中,在30-40℃环境下发酵15天。发酵罐为陶制发酵罐,底部有陶制滤液板,其结构见附图2。
步骤四:通过压榨机将烟草废渣中发酵液压出,采用植物浸膏低温连续干燥机进行真空低温浓缩,制得烟用香糖料。
对制得的烟用香糖料进行顶空分析,所得分析结果如下:
表3 实施例2的烟用香糖料顶空分析结果
以标准含水率的烟草废弃物计算,淀粉转化率为35%,蛋白质转化率为14.9%,果胶转化率为15%,烟用香糖料收率为10.3%(干物质含量10.5%的浓缩液)。
针对混合发酵粉剂作用,对比试验情况如下:
1.5%的混合发酵粉剂(每100g发酵粉剂中含麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g、果胶酶2.5g)
表4:混合发酵粉剂不同添加比例效果对比
发酵剂添加比例 | 1.5% | 1.0% | 2.0% |
烟用香糖料收率 | 9.8% | 10.3% | 10.35% |
相同比例添加至卷烟品质变化 | --- | 无差异 | 无差异 |
表5:混合发酵粉剂不同比例效果对比
发酵剂成分变化 | 烟用香糖料收率 | 0.5%比例添加至卷烟品质变化 |
麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g、果胶酶2.5g | 10.3% | --- |
麸曲50g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g、果胶酶2.5g | 9.9% | 无差异 |
麸曲75g、产酯酵母5g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g、果胶酶2.5g | 10.2% | 舒适性稍差,香气减少 |
麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母5g、淀粉酶2.5g、果胶酶2.5g | 10.2% | 细腻感稍差 |
麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.0g、果胶酶2.5g | 10.3% | 甜感稍差,刺激性稍显 |
麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g、果胶酶2.0g | 10.3% | 香气减少 |
备注:本发明在未做特殊说明时,所述百分含量均是指质量百分含量。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法,其特征在于所述方法步骤如下:
步骤一:烟草废渣在95-100℃的高温下蒸料30-40min,静置冷却;
步骤二:按1.5%的比例在冷却后的烟草废渣中均匀混入专用发酵混剂;
步骤三:将添加了发酵混剂的烟草废渣置于发酵罐中,在不低于30℃环境下发酵12天以上;
步骤四:将烟草废渣中压出的汁液进行真空低温浓缩,制得香糖料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法,其特征在于步骤一的烟草废渣为使用蒸馏水或MRET活化水作为萃取剂从工业源烟草废弃物中提取烟碱后的废渣,含水率30%-40%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法,其特征在于步骤二的专用发酵混剂为每100g含有麸曲75g、产酯酵母10g、酒精酵母10g、淀粉酶2.5g和果胶酶2.5g的发酵粉剂混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法,其特征在于步骤三的发酵罐为陶制发酵罐,底部有陶制过滤板。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用工业源烟草废弃物制备烟用香糖料的方法,其特征在于步骤四的真空低温浓缩采用的设备是植物浸膏低温连续干燥机。
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