CN114028414A - 艾叶多糖在制备预防和治疗炎症性肠病药物中的应用 - Google Patents
艾叶多糖在制备预防和治疗炎症性肠病药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于肠道菌群调节技术领域,具体涉及一种艾叶多糖在制备预防和治疗炎症性肠病药物中的应用。具体地,本发明提供了艾叶多糖的一种用途,用于制备一种制剂或组合物,通过提高益生菌含量,降低有害菌含量,提高肠道菌群丰度,调节肠道菌群结构等方式,缓解和治疗炎症性肠病状态下肠道菌群紊乱的症状。艾叶多糖提高益生菌乳酸杆菌和短链脂肪酸产生菌的含量,降低致病菌葡萄糖球菌和大肠杆菌‑志贺氏菌的含量,能逆转炎症性肠病小鼠中异常增殖的细菌,有利于改善炎症性肠病小鼠肠道菌群紊乱状态。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于肠道菌群调节技术领域,具体涉及一种艾叶多糖在制备预防和治疗炎症性肠病药物中的应用。
背景技术
炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerativecolitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)。UC是一种肠道弥散性的炎症病变,而CD是一种跳跃性或节段性的病变,在两个病变部位夹杂着未病变的部位,并且CD是透壁性的,从粘膜层到浆膜层的全壁都可累及,导致管漏形成。 IBD病程长,病情反复发作,具有较高的结肠癌发生风险。
炎症性肠病的病因和发病机制尚未明确,目前认为是环境、肠道菌群、免疫和遗传因素之间复杂作用的结果。综合多项IBD研究结果,可以推测IBD是具有遗传易感基因的宿主在环境因素和肠道微生物的作用下产生的过度炎症反应。越来越多的研究揭示,肠道复杂而有序调控的先天和适应性免疫反应及居于其中数量庞大的肠道微生物存在密切的相互作用关系,共同参与了IBD的病理过程。
人体肠道微生物包括肠道中的细菌、真菌、病毒等,肠道中的细菌称为肠道菌群。肠道菌群与肠道免疫系统的关系最直接,主要通过以下几个方面调节肠道免疫:1)活化肠上皮细胞表面多种病原相关性分子模式(MAMPs),激活下游信号通路,引起上皮分泌抗炎物质和防御素等抗菌物质;2)产生短链脂肪酸,短链脂肪酸具有重要的功能,乙酸进入循环系统,参与脂质能消化的膳食纤维或多糖、寡聚糖类物质代谢,丙酸进入肝脏,参与糖代谢,丁酸是结肠上皮细胞的能量来源;3)肠道共生菌抑制非共生菌的定植,从而降低肠道细菌感染的概率。
目前IBD的治疗方式主要以药物治疗为主,包括氨基水杨酸、糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂、TNF-α单克隆嵌合体等。但不同药物都有不同程度的副作用,如使用较多的氨基水杨酸在治疗回肠型和结肠型活动期克罗恩病时,效用不大,可能产生的副作用有过敏性皮疹,溶血性贫血,粒细胞减少,肝功能损害,纤维性肺泡炎等。据研究报道,中药多糖对肠道菌群和肠道免疫的具有直接调节作用,因此中药多糖能发挥益生元和免疫调节的作用,通过多种机制和信号通路的激活缓解炎症性肠病,并恢复肠道菌群的稳态。
艾草(Artemisia argyi H.Lév.&Vaniot)是菊科蒿属多年生草本植物,是我国发现且认识较早的药用植物,而且艾叶是一种深受人民群众喜爱的药食同源植物。艾叶的水煎剂中含有艾叶多糖,且具有缓解腹泻,腹部冷痛的作用。近年来的研究发现艾叶多糖具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等的生物活性,艾叶多糖在调节肠道炎症方面的药用价值值得继续研究,特别是艾叶多糖对肠道炎症状态下肠道菌群稳态的作用鲜有报道。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种艾叶多糖在调节炎症性肠病状态下肠道菌群结构中的应用,具体为提供一种艾叶多糖在制备预防和治疗炎症性肠病肠道菌群紊乱的药品,食品或保健品的应用。所述艾叶多糖通过增加炎症性肠病状态下肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,改变肠道菌群的结构,显著提高益生菌的数量、降低致病菌的数量,使炎症性肠病状态下肠道菌群恢复健康状态,可有助于肠道炎症的缓解。
本发明的技术方案是:
本发明提供了一种艾叶多糖在制备预防和治疗炎症性肠病肠道菌群紊乱的药品,食品或保健品中的应用。
进一步地,所述艾叶多糖的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将艾叶在95%乙醇中回流脱脂,热水提取,浓缩醇沉,去除蛋白和色素后获得的多糖成分,即得。
进一步地,所述艾叶多糖可以增加炎症性肠病疾病状态下的结肠长度。
进一步地,所述艾叶多糖可以增加炎症性肠病疾病状态下的肠道菌群的丰度和多样性。
进一步地,所述艾叶多糖通过显著改变炎症性肠病疾病状态下的肠道菌群结构和组成,从而调节人体肠道菌群。
进一步地,不同剂量的艾叶多糖对肠道菌群的调节作用不同。
更进一步地,艾叶多糖高剂量组,600mg/Kg,降低炎症性肠病疾病状态下肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,显著地抑制致病菌Odoribacter,Rikenella, Staphylococcus属细菌,增加有益菌Bacteroides,weissella属细菌,增加短链脂肪酸产生菌Alloprevotella,Blautia,Prevotellaceae属细菌丰度。
更进一步地,艾叶多糖中剂量组,400mg/Kg,提高炎症性肠病疾病状态下肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,显著地改变肠道菌群的结构和组成,抑制致病菌Erysipelatoclostridium,Rikenella属细菌丰度,增加短链脂肪酸产生菌Oscillospira,Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae属细菌丰度。
更进一步地,艾叶多糖低剂量组,200mg/Kg,显著性增加炎症性肠病疾病状态下结肠长度,提高炎症性肠病疾病状态下肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,显著地改变肠道菌群的结构和组成,抑制致病菌Staphylococcus属细菌丰度,增加短链脂肪酸产生菌Ruminococcaceae,Ruminococcus,Lachnospiraceae,Oscillospira, Coprococcus属细菌丰度。
进一步地,所述预防和治疗炎症性肠病肠道菌群紊乱的药物,食物或保健品为内服或外用剂型。
进一步地,所述预防和治疗炎症性肠病肠道菌群紊乱的药物,食物或保健品为片剂,丸剂,分散剂,颗粒剂,中药饮片,喷雾剂,或是膏药贴剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供了艾叶多糖在调节炎症性肠病状态下肠道菌群结构中的用途。通过建立DSS诱导的炎症性肠病小鼠模型以及高通量测序和统计分析方法,本申请人发现了艾叶多糖具有调节肠道菌群结构的功能,能提高拟杆菌门细菌丰度,降低厚壁菌门、变形菌门细菌丰度,显著提高益生菌Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Prevotella,Alloprevotella,Lachnospira,Blautia,Oscillospira,Coprococcus, Ruminococcaceae属细菌的数量,降低致病菌Erysipelatoclostridium,Rikenella, Odoribacter,Staphylococcus属细菌的数量。艾叶多糖将通过调节肠道菌群,促进炎症性肠病的缓解,并有助于重塑疾病状态下的肠道菌群。
本发明通过大量实验证实了艾叶多糖调节炎症性肠病状态下肠道菌群紊乱中的作用,为开发艾叶多糖作为辅助治疗炎症性肠病的药品、食品和保健品提供基础,同时也为发现开发艾叶多糖作为肠道微生态调节剂提供基础。
附图说明
图1显示的是各实验组小鼠的疾病活动指数。control:对照组;Mod:模型组;H-APS:艾叶多糖高剂量组;M-APS:艾叶多糖中剂量组;L-APS:艾叶多糖低剂量组;R-APS:艾叶粗多糖组;D1-D8:Day1-Day8。(*,p<0.05,vs.DSS group, one way ANOVA,Fisher LSD formultiple comparison of mean)
图2显示的是各实验组小鼠结肠长度的比较。A,对照组;B,DSS组;C,阳性药物组;D,艾叶多糖高剂量组;E,艾叶多糖中剂量组;F,艾叶多糖低剂量组;G,艾叶粗多糖组;H,各组小鼠结肠长度比较的统计图(*,P<0.05,compared with DSS group,one way ANOVA,Fisher LSD for multiple comparison of mean)。图中数字为各个小鼠结肠的长度(cm)。Pos:Sulfasalazine组;H.APS:艾叶多糖高剂量组;M.APS:艾叶多糖中剂量组;L.APS:艾叶多糖低剂量组;R.APS:艾叶粗多糖组。
图3显示的是艾叶多糖和艾叶粗多糖对炎症性肠病小鼠肠道菌群丰度和多样性的影响。Observer species(A)和chao1(B)是反映菌群丰度的指标,shannon (C)是反映菌群多样性的指标。*:p<0.05,**:p<0.01vs.ctr组,Wilcox test; #:p<0.05,##:p<0.01vs.Mod组,Tukey test。ctr:对照组,Mod:模型组, Pos:阳性药物组,H.APS:艾叶多糖高剂量组;M.APS:艾叶多糖中剂量组;L.APS: 艾叶多糖低剂量组;R.APS:艾叶粗多糖组。
图4显示的是各组小鼠肠道菌群群落结构分析。(A)基于unweighted Unifrac得出的beta diversity指数;(B)基于weighted Unifrac得出的beta diversity指数; (C)基于OTU水平的PCA分析;(D)基于OTU水平的NMDS分析。*:p< 0.05,**:p<0.01vs.ctr组,wilcox秩和检验;#:p<0.05,##:p<0.01vs.Mod 组,wilcox秩和检验。ctr:对照组,Mod:模型组,Pos:阳性药物组,H.APS:艾叶多糖高剂量组;M.APS:艾叶多糖中剂量组;L.APS:艾叶多糖低剂量组;R.APS: 艾叶粗多糖组。
图5显示的是各组小鼠门水平和属水平物种相对丰度差异和三组小鼠肠道菌群物种的三元相图分析。门水平(A)和属水平(C)相对丰度排名前10的物种 ctr-Mod-Pos三组之间和ctr-Mod-H.APS之间在门水平(B)和属水平(D)的三元相图分析。ctr:对照组,Mod:模型组,Pos:阳性药物组,H.APS:艾叶多糖高剂量组;M.APS:艾叶多糖中剂量组;L.APS:艾叶多糖低剂量组;R.APS:艾叶粗多糖组。
图6显示的是属水平物种丰度聚类图。图中左侧的聚类树为物种聚类树;下方为分组信息;中间热图对应的值为每一行物种相对丰度经过标准化处理后得到的Z 值。ctr:对照组,Mod:模型组,Pos:阳性药物组,H.APS:艾叶多糖高剂量组; M.APS:艾叶多糖中剂量组;L.APS:艾叶多糖低剂量组;R.APS:艾叶粗多糖组。
图7显示的是门水平和属水平组间的差异物种的T检验。经T检验,在门水平 (A)和属水平(B)具有显著性差异的物种;(C)经T检验,H.APS与Mod 组之间以及L.APS组与Mod组之间在属水平具有显著性差异的物种;(D)经T 检验,M.APS与Mod组之间以及R.APS组与Mod组之间在属水平具有显著性差异的物种。每幅图的左图为组间差异物种丰度展示,图中每个条形分别表示在分组间丰度差异显著的物种在每个组中的均值。右图为组间差异置信度,圆圈颜色所代表的组为均值高的组。最右端是对应差异物种的组间显著性检验p值;ctr: 对照组,Mod:模型组,Pos:阳性药物组,H.APS:艾叶多糖高剂量组;M.APS: 艾叶多糖中剂量组;L.APS:艾叶多糖低剂量组;R.APS:艾叶粗多糖组。
图8显示的是门水平和属水平组间的差异物种的LEFse分析。(A)LDA值分布柱状图,展示了LDA Score大于设定值(默认设置为4)的物种;(B)进化分支图,显示差异物种的进化关系;(C)LEFse分析中差异物种在不同组各样品中的丰度比较图,实线和虚线分别表示分组中各样品相对丰度的均值和中值。ctr:对照组,Mod:模型组,Pos:阳性药物组,H.APS:艾叶多糖高剂量组;M.APS:艾叶多糖中剂量组;L.APS:艾叶多糖低剂量组;R.APS:艾叶粗多糖组。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式的描述对本发明作进一步说明,但这并非是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员根据本发明的基本思想,可以做出各种修改或改进,但是只要不脱离本发明的基本思想,均在本发明的保护范围之内。
其中,本发明所用试剂均为常用试剂,均可在常规试剂生产销售公司购买。
实施例1:艾叶多糖的制备
称取200g干燥艾叶,加入700ml 95%乙醇,水浴回流脱脂2h,脱脂2次,滤布过滤,收集滤渣,滤渣尽量干燥,50℃烘干滤渣,或自然风干。脱脂艾渣和水的质量体积比为1:20(1g/20ml),99℃加热2.3h,纱布或滤布过滤,收集滤液,旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液体积至50ml,3500r/min离心10min,收集上清,转入烧杯,边搅拌边加入4倍体积的95%乙醇,放置于4℃,醇沉12h,3500r/min离心10min,收集沉淀,将沉淀干燥得到粗多糖。配置5%三氯乙酸溶液,将干燥的艾叶粗多糖配置成5%的水溶液(50mg/ml),放置于冰上,边搅拌边加入等体积的5%三氯乙酸溶液,放置于4℃,脱蛋白15min。脱蛋白结束后,3500r/min离心15min,收集上清,用饱和NaHCO3溶液调节pH至7.0,旋转蒸发仪浓缩滤液体积至50ml, 3500r/min离心10min,收集上清,转入烧杯,边搅拌边加入4倍体积的95%乙醇,放置于4℃,醇沉12h,3500r/min离心10min,收集沉淀,得到脱蛋白后的艾叶多糖。将脱蛋白后的艾叶多糖配置为10mg/ml的溶液,用0.45uM微孔滤膜过滤,蠕动泵上样,蒸馏水洗脱,流速为1柱体积/h,洗脱体积为2柱体积,pH 为5.5。洗脱过程中间歇用Molishi试剂(α-萘酚2g溶于20ml 95%乙醇)检测有无多糖。收集洗脱液,旋转蒸发仪浓缩至50ml。准备进行组分分离。
实施例2:艾叶多糖对DSS诱导的小鼠炎症性肠病模型的作用
2.1分组造模与给药
2.1.1小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型建立及样本采集
4%DSS(分子量40kDa,MPbio公司)饲喂小鼠8天,记录每笼小鼠的饮水量。在实验结束前1天采集小鼠新鲜粪便,立即冻存于-80℃冰箱,用于测定小鼠肠道菌群。造模过程中,伴随小鼠体重减轻,粪便硬度改变,粪便潜血或便血的症状,因此每天都需观察记录以上情况并评分。准备灭菌手术器械、90mm 培养皿,50ml离心管,1.5ml RNAase free EP管(装用于检测RNA的结肠段), 1.5ml普通EP管(装脾脏),相机,直尺或者带刻度测量纸,游标卡尺。采集结肠(从盲肠到直肠),需对结肠的脂肪组织修剪干净,放入装有冰PBS的培养皿里,等待放在白纸上拍照(放直尺)。脾脏血迹用PBS清洗,吸水纸洗干净再装入EP管,否则影响重量的测量。可以先称好并标明EP管的重量,再称量装入脾脏后的管重,从而计算脾脏重量。
2.1.2分组和给药方法
体重25-30g小鼠随机分为对照组(Ctr组,n=6)、模型DSS组(Mod组,n=6)、阳性药物Sulfasalazine组(Pos组,n=6,600mg/Kg,o.p.)、艾叶多糖高 (H.APS组)、中(M.APS组)、低剂量组(L.APS组)(n=6,600mg/Kg,400mg/Kg, 200mg/Kg,o.p.)以及艾叶粗多糖组(R.APS组,n=4,600mg/Kg,o.p.)。
实验第一周,各组小鼠给予正常饮用水,艾叶多糖高、中、低剂量组给药7 天。艾叶粗多糖组(R.APS,n=4,600mg/Kg,o.p.)灌胃5天。第一周实验结束后,收集各组小鼠粪便,用于研究短期喂食艾叶多糖和艾叶粗多糖对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。之后,除对照组给予正常饮用水外,其余各组给予4%DSS,连续饮水8天,并灌胃相应的药物。每天记录疾病活动指数(Disease activity index)。 8天后处死小鼠,取结肠组织和脾脏进行相关指标的测定。疾病活动指数的评价方法如表1所示。
表1 疾病活动指数评价方法
2.2结果
体重25-30g小鼠随机分为对照组(n=6)、Mod组(n=6)、阳性药物 Sulfasalazine组(Pos组,n=6,600mg/Kg,o.p.)、艾叶多糖高、中、低剂量组 (n=6,600mg/Kg,400mg/Kg,200mg/Kg,o.p.)以及艾叶粗多糖组(n=4,600mg/Kg, o.p.)。
实验第一周,各组小鼠给予正常饮用水,艾叶多糖高、中、低剂量组给药7 天。之后,除对照组给予正常饮用水外,其余各组给予4%DSS,连续饮水8天。每天记录疾病活动指数(Disease activity index)。8天后处死小鼠,取结肠组织和脾脏进行相关指标的测定。实验结果如图1所示。造模第5天,与Mod组相比,艾叶多糖高剂量组和艾叶粗多糖组显著降低疾病活动指数。第7天,与Mod组相比,艾叶粗多糖组显著降低疾病活动指数。但是第8天和其余各天,各给药组和模型组的疾病活动指数没有显著性差异。并且阳性药物组(Pos组)对疾病活动指数也没有改善作用。小鼠脾脏组织称重得出的脾指数比较结果如图1C所示,艾叶多糖低剂量组和阳性药组可以一定程度降低小鼠的脾指数,但未达到显著性水平,模型组和其他给药组之间的脾指数也没有显著性差异。
结肠长度是炎症性肠病小鼠肠道炎症的指标之一,如图2所示,阳性药物组 (柳氮磺吡啶)和艾叶多糖低剂量组的结肠长度显著大于模型组和其他给药组。
实施例3:.艾叶多糖和艾叶粗多糖对炎症性肠病小鼠肠道菌群丰度和多样性的影响
实验结束后,采集各组小鼠粪便,通过16srDNA测序,分析各组小鼠肠道菌群的物种信息。如图3A和B所示,与ctr组相比Pos组和H.APS组小鼠肠道菌群的observed species指数和chao1指数均显著性的降低,而与Mod组相比, M.APS组的observed species指数显著性升高,提示与对照组相比,Pos组和H.APS 组的菌群丰度更低,同时M.APS组小鼠的肠道菌群丰度高于模型组。经过Wilcox 检验,与模型组相比,各组Mod组、Pos组、H.APS组小鼠肠道菌群的多样性显著性降低(图3C)。
实施例4:艾叶多糖和艾叶粗多糖对炎症性肠病小鼠菌群群落结构的影响
根据不考虑物种丰度的unweighted Unifrac指数,Mod组、M.APS组、R.APS 组与对照组的肠道菌群群落结构存在性差异(图4A)。对菌群中物种的丰度进行加权分析的weighted Unifrac指数分析显示,Pos组、L.APS组与对照组存在显著性差异,同时Pos组、M.APS组、L.APS组、R.APS组与Mod组之间的差异显著。以上结果提示炎症性肠病小鼠与对照组小鼠肠道菌群的群落结构不同,并且阳性药物组、艾叶多糖中剂量组、低剂量组和粗多糖组显著改变了炎症性肠病小鼠肠道菌群的群落结构(图4B)。
在基于OTU的PCA分析结果中(图4C),炎症性肠病小鼠和各给药组小鼠肠道菌群的物种组成成分与对照组的分离度较高。H.APS组和Pos组之间的距离小于H.APS与M.APS组、L.APS组、R.APS组之间的距离。
各组样品在NMDS分析中得到较好的聚集(图4D),结合MRPP统计分析结果,Mod组与ctr组、Pos组以及艾叶多糖各个剂量组之间均存在显著性差异,但与艾叶粗多糖组不存在显著性差异。ctr组与其他各个处理组之间均存在显著性差异。对H.APS、M.APS组、L.APS和R.APS之间的差异进行MRPP分析,结果为H.APS与M.APS组、L.APS和R.APS之间的差异具有显著性。
综合以上几种群落结构的分析,可以得出艾叶多糖能显著性的调节炎症性肠病小鼠的肠道菌群群落结构。艾叶多糖和艾叶粗多糖的菌群群落结构不同。
实施例5:艾叶多糖和艾叶粗多糖在门水平和属水平对炎症性肠病小鼠肠道菌群物种的调节作用
拟杆菌门细菌(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门细菌(Firmicutes)、变形菌门细菌(Proteobacteria)仍然是各组小鼠肠道菌群中相对丰度最高的菌门。与ctr组和 Mod组相比,Pos组和H.APS组的拟杆菌门细菌相对丰度的均值较高,两者的厚壁菌门细菌相对丰度均值低于ctr组和Mod组(图5A)。ctr-Mod-Pos三组之间的比较和ctr-Mod-H.APS之间的比较在三元相图中表现出一定程度的相似性, Pos组和H.APS组的厚壁菌门细菌(Firmicutes)和变形菌门细菌(Proteobacteria) 相对丰度低于ctr组和Mod组(图5B)。各组小鼠肠道中丰度较高的属为 Staphylococcus、Bacteroides、Weissella、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、 Odoribacter等。Pos组与H.APS组有更低的Staphylococcus相对丰度,L.APS组的Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014相对丰度高于ctr组和Mod组(图5C)。三元相图显示Weissella属细菌在Pos组与H.APS中的相对丰度高于ctr组和Mod组,并且Pos组的Lactobacillus属细菌丰度较高。Mod组有更高相对丰度水平的 Odoribacter属和Staphylococcus属细菌,Pos组、H.APS组的 Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group细菌的相对丰度都低于ctr组(图5D)。
实施例6:在炎症性肠病中,艾叶多糖和艾叶粗多糖调节的小鼠肠道关键细菌物种
通过属水平物种相对丰度热图(图6)的结果可以发现不同剂量的艾叶多糖对肠道菌群的调节作用不同。艾叶多糖高剂量组(600mg/Kg)抑制致病菌 Odoribacter,Rikenella,Staphylococcus属细菌,增加有益菌Bacteroides,weissella 属细菌,增加短链脂肪酸产生菌Alloprevotella,Blautia,Prevotellaceae属细菌丰度。艾叶多糖中剂量组(400mg/Kg)抑制致病菌Erysipelatoclostridium,Rikenella 属细菌丰度,增加短链脂肪酸产生菌Oscillospira,Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae属细菌丰度。艾叶多糖低剂量组(200mg/Kg)抑制致病菌 Staphylococcus属细菌丰度,增加短链脂肪酸产生菌Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus,Lachnospiraceae,Oscillospira,Coprococcus属细菌丰度。
对门水平和属水平组间的差异物种进行T检验,发现Mod组和R.APS组与 ctr组相比,在肠道细菌的门水平不存在显著性差异,艾叶多糖不同剂量组和艾叶粗多糖组与Mod组之间也不存在肠道细菌的门水平的显著差异。与ctr组相比, Pos组具有更高水平的拟杆菌门细菌(p=0.009),L.APS组(p=0.03)和M.APS 组(p=0.007)中的Saccharibacteria门相对丰度高于H.APS组,L.APS组中的 Tenericutes门细菌丰度水平显著高于H.APS组(p=0.02)(图7A)。Saccharibacteria 门和Tenericutes门细菌是各组小鼠肠道菌群中相对丰度排名第4位和第5位的细菌菌门。说明艾叶多糖低剂量组和中剂量组的肠道菌群物种多样性高于艾叶多糖高剂量组。
在属水平的组间T检验结果中(图7B-D),Mod组中Erysipelatoclostridium 属细菌水平高于ctr组,Anaerotruncus及Marvinbryantia属细菌丰度水平低于ctr 组,Pos组中的Lactobacillus属细菌和Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group属细菌丰度高于Mod组(图7B),而M.APS组中的Erysipelatoclostridium属细菌丰度低于 Mod组(图7D)。H.APS组(图7C)、M.APS组(图7D)、Pos组(图7B)、R.APS (图7D)组的Rikenella属细菌丰度均低于Mod组。H.APS组和L.APS组的 Parasutterella菌水平高于Mod组(图7C)。M.APS组的Desulfovibio属细菌高于 Mod组,而Desulfovibio属细菌在炎症性肠病小鼠的肠道菌群富集。Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006属细菌在L.APS组中的丰度高于Mod组(图7C)。通过不同组小鼠肠道菌群属水平的丰度比较,可以提示我们艾叶多糖中剂量组可以逆转炎症性肠病小鼠中高水平的Erysipelatoclostridium属细菌,艾叶多糖、艾叶粗多糖、阳性药物柳氮磺吡啶均能抑制炎症性肠病小鼠中高水平的Rikenella属细菌。
对组间的差异物种LEFSe分析,得到了不同组各水平的代表性物种信息,如图8A所示,对不同组门水平物种进行LEFSe分析,Lachnospiraceae和Roseburia 分别是在ctr组小鼠肠道菌群丰度中占主要地位的菌科和菌属,Roseburia属细菌的丰度与炎症性肠病的疾病程度呈负相关关系。Mod组中Staphylococcus属以及 Staphylococcus属所在的科和目的细菌丰度均高于其他组。与T检验结果一直, Pos组的Lactobacillus gasseri菌株、Lactobacillus属细菌及其所在科的细菌丰度更高(图8C),并且Bacteroides_s24_7_group科细菌丰度高于其他各组(图8A, B)。在H.APS中丰度显著高于其他组的物种是Bacteroides属及其所属科的细菌,以及Leuconostocaceae科细菌和weissella属细菌(图8A,C)。 Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014属细菌在L.APS中丰度高于其他各组(图8A,C),Porphyromonadaceae科细菌和Ruminococcaceae科细菌在M.APS中富集(图8A)。Odoribacter属细菌在多个小鼠炎症性肠病模型中丰度增加,本研究结果显示Odoribacter属细菌在R.APS组的丰度最高,其次是Mod组和M.APS组, Odoribacter属细菌在H.APS和Pos组中的丰度较低(图8C)。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (10)
1.艾叶多糖在制备预防和治疗炎症性肠病肠道菌群紊乱的药品,食品或保健品的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述艾叶多糖的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将艾叶在95%乙醇中回流脱脂,热水提取,浓缩醇沉,去除蛋白和色素后获得的多糖成分,即得。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述艾叶多糖可以增加炎症性肠病疾病状态下的结肠长度,增加炎症性肠病疾病状态下的肠道菌群的丰度和多样性。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述艾叶多糖通过显著改变炎症性肠病疾病状态下的肠道菌群结构和组成,从而调节人体肠道菌群。
5.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,不同剂量的艾叶多糖对肠道菌群的调节作用不同。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,艾叶多糖高剂量组,600mg/Kg,降低炎症性肠病疾病状态下肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,显著地抑制致病菌Odoribacter,Rikenella,Staphylococcus属细菌,增加有益菌Bacteroides,weissella属细菌,增加短链脂肪酸产生菌Alloprevotella,Blautia,Prevotellaceae属细菌丰度。
7.如权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,艾叶多糖中剂量组,400mg/Kg,提高炎症性肠病疾病状态下肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,显著地改变肠道菌群的结构和组成,抑制致病菌Erysipelatoclostridium,Rikenella属细菌丰度,增加短链脂肪酸产生菌Oscillospira,Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae属细菌丰度。
8.如权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,艾叶多糖低剂量组,200mg/Kg,显著性增加炎症性肠病疾病状态下结肠长度,提高炎症性肠病疾病状态下肠道菌群的丰度和多样性,显著地改变肠道菌群的结构和组成,抑制致病菌Staphylococcus属细菌丰度,增加短链脂肪酸产生菌Ruminococcaceae,Ruminococcus,Lachnospiraceae,Oscillospira,Coprococcus属细菌丰度。
9.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述预防和治疗炎症性肠病肠道菌群紊乱的药品,食品或保健品为内服或外用剂型。
10.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述预防和治疗炎症性肠病肠道菌群紊乱的药品,食品或保健品为片剂,丸剂,分散剂,颗粒剂,中药饮片,喷雾剂,或是膏药贴剂。
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