CN114025885A - 涂布方法和涂布装置 - Google Patents

涂布方法和涂布装置 Download PDF

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CN114025885A
CN114025885A CN202080047747.6A CN202080047747A CN114025885A CN 114025885 A CN114025885 A CN 114025885A CN 202080047747 A CN202080047747 A CN 202080047747A CN 114025885 A CN114025885 A CN 114025885A
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treatment liquid
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CN114025885B (zh
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桥本祐作
川北直史
吉原孝介
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Tokyo Electron Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
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Abstract

一种涂布方法,是向基板供给处理液并通过旋涂法来在基板上涂布上述处理液的涂布方法,在所述涂布方法中,在上述处理液的供给开始的同时或者晚于上述处理液的供给开始地将表面张力比上述处理液的表面张力小的上述处理液的溶剂与上述处理液混合地供给到上述基板。

Description

涂布方法和涂布装置
技术领域
本公开涉及一种涂布方法和涂布装置。
背景技术
专利文献1中记载有以下的抗蚀剂涂布方法,该抗蚀剂涂布方法包括:溶剂供给工序,向大致静止的基板的大致中心上供给溶剂;第一工序,在上述溶剂供给工序之后,一边向上述基板的大致中心上且上述溶剂上供给抗蚀液,一边使上述基板以第一转速旋转;第二工序,在上述第一工序之后,使上述基板以比上述第一转速低的第二转速旋转;以及第三工序,在上述第二工序之后,使上述基板以比上述第一转速低且比上述第二转速高的第三转速旋转。另外,在专利文献1中记载有在涂布抗蚀液之前通过稀释剂等溶剂在基板上进行预湿以实现抗蚀剂的节省。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2010-207788号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本公开所涉及的技术在对基板涂布以抗蚀液为代表的各种处理液来形成涂布膜时抑制所需的处理液的量。
用于解决问题的方案
本公开的一个方式是向基板供给处理液并通过旋涂法来在基板上涂布所述处理液的涂布方法,在所述涂布方法中,在所述处理液的供给开始的同时或者晚于所述处理液的供给开始地将表面张力比所述处理液的表面张力小的所述处理液的溶剂与所述处理液混合地供给到所述基板。
发明的效果
根据本公开,能够在对基板涂布以抗蚀液为代表的各种处理液来形成涂布膜时抑制所需的处理液的量。
附图说明
图1是示意性地表示本实施方式所涉及的涂布装置的结构的概要的纵截面的说明图。
图2是示意性地表示图1的涂布装置的结构的概要的横截面的说明图。
图3是表示以往的预湿处理方式的涂布方法中的抗蚀液和溶剂的喷出速率的随时间变化的曲线图。
图4是表示其它方式的涂布方法中的抗蚀液和溶剂的喷出、混合速率的随时间变化的曲线图。
图5是表示实施方式所涉及的涂布方法中的抗蚀液和溶剂的混合速率的随时间变化的曲线图。
图6是表示在实施方式所涉及的涂布方法中改变了溶剂的种类时的膜厚的分布的说明图。
图7是表示在实施方式所涉及的涂布方法中改变了溶剂的种类时的抗蚀剂节省特性的表。
图8是表示其它实施方式所涉及的涂布方法中的抗蚀液与溶剂的混合速率的随时间变化的曲线图。
图9是表示其它实施方式所涉及的涂布方法中的抗蚀液与溶剂的混合速率的随时间变化的曲线图。
图10是表示其它实施方式所涉及的涂布方法中的抗蚀液与溶剂的混合速率的随时间变化的曲线图。
具体实施方式
以往以来,在半导体器件的制造工艺的光刻工序中,针对基板例如半导体晶圆(下面有时称为“晶圆”。)进行以下处理:通过旋涂法在晶圆上涂布用于形成图案的抗蚀液,来在晶圆的表面形成抗蚀膜。在该情况下,为了抑制高价的抗蚀液的消耗来实现抗蚀剂的节省,在供给抗蚀液之前对晶圆的表面进行使作为抗蚀液的溶剂的稀释剂扩散于晶圆的整个表面的预湿处理(专利文献1)。
然而,在进行这样的预湿处理的情况下,根据溶剂的种类,有时覆盖晶圆整面的覆盖性能存在问题。在该情况下,需要供给大量的溶剂或者供给更多的抗蚀液。更详细地说,在使用了具有大的表面张力的抗蚀液、具有小的表面张力的溶剂的涂布处理中,抗蚀液的覆盖性成为问题,要形成具有满足要求的膜厚、均匀性的抗蚀膜,需要更多的抗蚀液。
本公开不影响溶剂的覆盖性能地使以抗蚀液为代表的各种处理液的进行涂布时所需的量比以往减少,当在基板上涂布各种处理液来形成涂布膜时,与以往相比抑制了所需的处理液的量。
下面,参照附图来说明本实施方式所涉及的涂布装置的结构和涂布方法。此外,在本说明书中,对具有实质上相同的功能、结构的要素标注相同的附图标记,由此省略重复说明。
<抗蚀剂涂布装置>
图1、图2示出作为本实施方式所涉及的涂布装置的抗蚀剂涂布装置1的结构的概要,该抗蚀剂涂布装置1在壳体C内具有杯体2。在杯体2内,以升降自如且绕铅垂轴旋转自如的方式设置有旋转吸盘11,该旋转吸盘11为对基板例如晶圆W的背面侧中央部进行吸引吸附来将该基板水平地保持的旋转保持构件。旋转吸盘11经由轴12而与旋转驱动机构13连接,构成为能够在旋转吸盘11保持有晶圆W的状态下通过旋转驱动机构13进行升降或旋转。
杯体2被设为包围被保持于旋转吸盘11的晶圆W,并具有在上部侧设置有开口的形状,杯体2具有外杯3和内杯4。外杯3的侧周面上端部向内侧倾斜,并且该侧周面上端部的前端部向下方弯折。内杯4位于外杯3的内侧,具有向外杯3侧倾斜的倾斜部4a。内杯4由筒状的支承部5支承。由此,在内杯4的下侧形成有筒状的环状的空间S。
在空间S内形成有环状的分隔板6。分隔板6与外杯3之间的空间形成液承接部7。在液承接部7的底部连接有排液管8。分隔板6与支承部5之间的空间S形成排气空间9。在排气空间9的底部连接有排气管10。因而,因晶圆W旋转而飞散出的处理液等的液滴、雾沫从液承接部7流向排液管8而被排出。另一方面,蒸气等从排气空间9流向排气管10而被排出。
在旋转吸盘11的上方,图2所示的支承于喷嘴臂21的供给喷嘴22自如地移动并停止于旋转吸盘11的上方的任意位置。即,喷嘴臂21通过驱动机构24在设置于壳体C内的导轨23上移动自如。另外,该供给喷嘴22升降自如。
供给喷嘴22与配管等供给路径31的一端连接,供给路径31的另一端侧经由线路混合器32、混合块33后分支为抗蚀液系供给路径35和溶剂系供给路径36。抗蚀液系供给路径35经由波纹管泵37而与抗蚀液供给源38连接。另一方面,溶剂系供给路径36经由波纹管泵39而与溶剂供给源40连接。线路混合器32是用于将抗蚀液与溶剂混合的混合单元,虽然省略了图示,但线路混合器32例如以沿圆筒管的长度方向配置多个挡板的方式构成。这些挡板例如是通过使宽度与圆筒管内径大致相同的板状体沿长边方向向右扭转90度或者向左扭转90度来形成的。当然,作为混合单元,不限于所述的线路混合器32,也能够采用能够使至少两种液混合的其它机构。
波纹管泵37、39作为通过改变喷出行程来自如地调整流量的液移送单元发挥功能。利用这样的波纹管泵37、39进行的流量调整、喷出开始、喷出停止的定时由控制装置51来控制。
控制装置51例如是具备CPU、存储器等的计算机,具有程序保存部(未图示)。在程序保存部中保存有用于控制抗蚀剂涂布装置1中对晶圆W进行的涂布处理的程序。例如,构成为控制旋转驱动机构13的旋转驱动的启停、旋转速度的控制、旋转吸盘11的上下运动、供给喷嘴22的升降动作、水平方向上的移动、停止。另外,在程序保存部中,上述程序还可以是记录于计算机可读存储介质并从该存储介质被安装于控制装置51的。
实施方式所涉及的抗蚀剂涂布装置1如以上那样构成,如果使用该抗蚀剂涂布装置1,则能够将来自抗蚀液供给源38的抗蚀液、来自溶剂供给源40的溶剂分别在期望的定时以期望的流量、期望的混合比从供给喷嘴22喷出到旋转吸盘11上的晶圆W。因而,通过使旋转吸盘11旋转,能够通过旋涂法在晶圆W上涂布形成抗蚀膜。
接着,作为一例,对使用了抗蚀剂涂布装置1的实施方式所涉及的涂布方法进行说明。此外,在该实施方式所涉及的涂布方法中使用的涂布装置并不限于具有上述的结构的抗蚀剂涂布装置1。
<涂布方法>
首先,在进入实施方式所涉及的涂布方法的说明之前,对发明人们针对几个涂布方法进行试验得到的结果进行说明。这些实验是将抗蚀液用作处理液、将在预湿处理中使用的该抗蚀液的溶剂(RRC)用作溶剂的例子。
首先,图3所示的例子示出一般的预湿处理。即,示出以下的时间图:从涂布处理开始起至1.2秒为止仅供给溶剂,之后停止供给溶剂,仅供给抗蚀液,在从开始(图3中的时间为0.0的时间点)起经过2.4秒的时间点停止供给抗蚀液。在该时间图中,纵轴表示从各波纹管泵37、39供给的抗蚀液、溶剂的相对于最大喷出速率(例如0.41ml/秒)的比例。另外,此时的晶圆的转速例如是在与抗蚀液的粘度相应的公知的转速、例如500~4000rpm的范围内选择出的转速。
接着,在图4所示的例子中,溶剂的供给与图3的例子相同,从开始起至1.2秒为止以最大喷出速率的100%的流量供给溶剂。另一方面,关于抗蚀液,在稍晚于溶剂的供给开始时的时间点,例如在从开始起经过0.6秒的时间点开始供给抗蚀液来进行混合。而且,从开始起至1.1秒时为止,保持以最大喷出速率的50%的流量从供给喷嘴22喷出抗蚀液来进行混合,之后使抗蚀液的流量增加来以最大喷出速率的70%的流量向晶圆供给抗蚀液,在从开始起经过2.4秒的时间点停止供给抗蚀液。
然后,实施方式所涉及的涂布方法是图5所示的涂布方法。即,在进行了一般的预湿处理之后,从开始起至1.2秒为止以最大喷出速率的100%的流量向晶圆W供给抗蚀液,之后停止供给。另一方面,在从开始起经过0.1秒后以最大喷出速率的10%的流量开始混合溶剂,在从开始起经过0.8秒后停止混合溶剂。
对通过以上的三种涂布方法形成的抗蚀膜分别进行评价可知,实施方式所涉及的图5所示的制程的情况能够以最少的抗蚀液的量得到预先决定的覆盖性能,即、能够将晶圆的表面完全覆盖。根据发明人们的实验,与采用图3所示的以往的预湿处理的涂布方法相比,能够节约20~50%的抗蚀液。
根据发明人们的见解,在即使在进行预湿处理之后也通过旋涂法涂布表面张力大的抗蚀液来形成膜的情况下,覆盖性也存在改善点,其结果,需要更多的所需的抗蚀液的量。然而,在图5所示的实施方式中,在喷出抗蚀液之后使表面张力比该抗蚀液的表面张力小的少量的溶剂与抗蚀液混合,由此抗蚀液的扩散性提高。而且,如果一旦抗蚀液扩散于晶圆W的整个表面,则之后不需要溶剂,因此即使停止溶剂的供给(混合),扩散性、覆盖性也没有问题。因而,当在晶圆上涂布抗蚀液来形成涂布膜时,能够抑制所需的抗蚀液的量。另外,也能够改善覆盖性。
关于在喷出抗蚀液之后混合溶剂的定时,也可以与抗蚀液同时开始进行混合。此外,如上所述,在抗蚀液扩散于晶圆W的整个表面之后不需要溶剂,因此可以在抗蚀液的供给期间停止溶剂的混合。例如溶剂的混合时间为抗蚀液的喷出时间的1/2~2/3就足够。另外,关于溶剂的混合比例(量),根据发明人们的见解,优选为抗蚀液的3~50%,更优选为抗蚀液的3~20%。
另外,能够应用的抗蚀液的粘度为1cP~100cP,能够实现更显著的效果的是3cP~100cP的抗蚀液。
当然,本公开不仅能够应用于抗蚀液与该抗蚀剂液的溶剂,还能够应用于其它处理液与该处理液的溶剂。例如在形成SOC膜时也能够应用本公开的技术,享有上述的节省处理液的效果。
接着,关于抗蚀液的溶剂的种类,对实施了上述的涂布方法的结果进行说明。首先,图6示出膜厚的分布。在该图6中,横轴表示晶圆的位置,纵轴表示膜厚,示出了REF、MIBC(甲基异丁基甲醇)、OK73(丙二醇单甲醚,PGME)、IPA(异丙醇)的情况,REF为抗蚀液。此外,REF是在进行预湿处理之后通过仅供给抗蚀液进行了涂布形成的情况。而且,关于其它的溶剂,示出了将抗蚀液稀释20%并通过图5所示的制程进行了涂布形成的情况。
根据该结果,在MIBC、OK73的情况下,膜厚整体薄了20%左右,这是稀释了20%的结果,因此是合理的。但是,相应地能够节减20%的抗蚀液。而且,观察膜厚的分布可知,在晶圆整面形成有大致平坦的膜厚。因而,可知能够确保所需的膜厚且形成覆盖性良好、并且膜厚均匀的抗蚀膜。
另一方面,在IPA的情况下,虽然中央部多少有些下降,但周边部得到与仅供给抗蚀液的情况大致同等的膜厚。认为这是因为,由于IPA的挥发性高,因此在使抗蚀剂扩散的中途IPA逐渐蒸发,在抗蚀液到达外周部时,IPA几乎消失了。虽然优选挥发性低的溶剂,但总之覆盖性是没有问题的,另外还得到了节省抗蚀剂的效果。从这个观点来说,将IPA或者挥发性比IPA的挥发性低的溶剂作为溶剂是可以的。
作为能够在本公开所涉及的技术中使用的溶剂,除此以外还能够使用PGMEA(丙二醇单甲醚醋酸酯)。
在图7的表中示出在将这些溶剂20%地混合于抗蚀液并实施了图5所示的涂布方法的情况下形成的抗蚀剂涂布膜的、满足预先决定的评价即能够将晶圆的表面完全覆盖时所需的抗蚀液的喷出量(g)。
据此可知,在仅供给抗蚀液的情况下,需要0.45g,在IPA、OK73的情况下,能够以0.4g形成满足上述规定的评价的抗蚀膜。另外,在PGMEA的情况下,能够进一步实现抗蚀剂的节省,能够以0.35g满足规定的评价。而且,在MIBC的情况下,能够以0.2g形成满足规定的评价的抗蚀膜。因而,从节省抗蚀剂的观点出发,MIBC是最好的。
除了图5所示的涂布制程以外,还能够提出图8~10所示的涂布制程。即,在图5所示的例子中,在比抗蚀液的喷出晚0.1秒时开始混合溶剂,之后以固定流量持续混合溶剂,在从开始喷出抗蚀液时起经过0.8秒后停止溶剂的供给(混合)。
与此相对地,图8所示的例子表示以下例子:在抗蚀剂的供给开始的同时开始溶剂的混合,在从开始起经过0.4秒后,将溶剂的流量从50%减少为15%,在从开始起经过0.8秒后停止溶剂的混合。在该涂布方法中,在开始喷出抗蚀液时将溶剂例如以抗蚀液的50%左右的速率与抗蚀液混合,来使抗蚀液的表面张力降低,之后使溶剂的混合比例降低。由此,从抗蚀液在晶圆上开始扩散时起使抗蚀液的表面张力下降,从而能够提高扩散性,改善覆盖性,还能够实现抗蚀液的节减。
图9所示的例子也表示以下例子:从抗蚀液在晶圆上开始扩散时起使该抗蚀液的表面张力下降来从最初起提高扩散性,但是设为使溶剂的混合比例逐渐提高并在从开始起经过0.4秒后成为峰值,之后使混合比例逐渐降低,并在从开始起进行0.7秒后停止溶剂的混合。该例也能够改善抗蚀液的覆盖性,并且相比于以往的仅进行预湿处理的涂布方法能够以更少的抗蚀液在晶圆上涂布形成所需的膜厚的抗蚀膜。
图10所示的例子是在抗蚀液的供给开始的初期、例如从开始起至0.3秒为止供给比图9的例子更多的抗蚀液,之后与图9同样地以固定流量持续进行了供给的例子。根据该例,在使抗蚀液扩散的初始阶段供给更多的抗蚀液(结果是溶剂的混合比例低于图9的例子),从而能够实现抗蚀液的覆盖性的提高。总之,该情况也能够以比以往的仅进行预湿处理的涂布方法少的抗蚀液来在晶圆上涂布形成抗蚀膜。
另外,根据这些图8~图10所示的例子可知,也可以设为在从向抗蚀液混合溶剂的期间的中间时间点起至该期间结束为止的期间,降低溶剂相对于抗蚀液的混合比例。
在本公开所涉及的技术中,在向基板供给处理液例如抗蚀液的期间,在处理液的供给过程中(也包括与供给开始同时)混合表面张力比处理液的表面张力小的溶剂,但是在该处理液自身被连续供给的期间进行混合。即,在该处理液不是被间歇性地供给而是被连续地供给的期间进行混合,由此能够实现处理液的节省,还能够提高覆盖性并形成规定的膜。
另外,通过混合上述溶剂提高了基板上的覆盖性,但原本的目的是在基板上形成处理液的规定的覆膜,因此需要在涂布完成时在基板上形成原本的处理液的规定的膜例如规定的抗蚀膜。因而,需要在处理液自身的供给停止之前进行并完成溶剂的混合。因此,例如如图8~图9所示那样,例示了偏重在供给时间的前半部分进行混合,或者也可以在从前半部分到中间阶段的期间进行混合,但总之确保了不混合溶剂的时间段处于处理液的供给时间的后半部分、例如从供给时间经过了1/2~2/3时起至处理液供给停止为止的期间。由此,在供给时间的前半部分混合溶剂来实现处理液的节省,在上述的后半部分形成原本的处理液的膜。
应认为本次公开的实施方式在所有方面均为例示,而非限制性的。在不脱离所附的权利要求书及其主旨的情况下能够对上述的实施方式以各种方式进行省略、置换、变更。
附图标记说明
1:抗蚀剂涂布装置;2:杯体;3:外杯;4:内杯;6:分隔板;7:液承接部;8:排液管;9:排气空间;10:排气管;11:旋转吸盘;12:轴;13:旋转驱动机构;21:喷嘴臂;22:供给喷嘴;23:导轨;31:供给路径;32:线路混合器;33:混合块;35:抗蚀液系供给路径;36:溶剂系供给路径;37、39:波纹管泵;38:抗蚀液供给源;40:溶剂供给源;51:控制装置;C:壳体;S:空间;W:晶圆。

Claims (11)

1.一种涂布方法,是向基板供给处理液并通过旋涂法来在基板上涂布所述处理液的涂布方法,在所述涂布方法中,
在所述处理液的供给开始的同时或者晚于所述处理液的供给开始地将表面张力比所述处理液的表面张力小的所述处理液的溶剂与所述处理液混合地供给到所述基板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂布方法,其特征在于,
在停止向所述基板供给所述处理液之前,结束向所述处理液混合所述溶剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂布方法,其特征在于,
在从开始向所述处理液混合所述溶剂起至结束该混合为止的期间,连续地供给所述处理液。
4.根据权利要求1~3中的任一项所述的涂布方法,其特征在于,
所述溶剂的所述处理液的混合时间是所述处理液的供给时间的1/2~2/3。
5.根据权利要求1~4中的任一项所述的涂布方法,其特征在于,
所述溶剂的所述处理液的混合比例为所述处理液的3~50%。
6.根据权利要求1~5中的任一项所述的涂布方法,其特征在于,
在从向所述处理液混合所述溶剂的期间的中间时间点起至该期间结束为止的期间,降低所述溶剂相对于所述处理液的混合比例。
7.根据权利要求1~6中的任一项所述的涂布方法,其特征在于,
所述处理液是粘度为3cP~100cP的抗蚀液。
8.根据权利要求1~7中的任一项所述的涂布方法,其特征在于,
所述溶剂是异丙醇或者挥发性比异丙醇的挥发性低的溶剂。
9.根据权利要求1~7中的任一项所述的涂布方法,其特征在于,
所述溶剂是丙二醇单甲醚醋酸酯或甲基异丁基甲醇。
10.一种涂布装置,构成为向基板供给处理液并通过旋涂法来在基板上涂布所述处理液,所述涂布装置具备:
旋转保持构件,其将所述基板以能够旋转的方式保持;
供给喷嘴,其对被所述旋转保持构件保持的所述基板供给所述处理液;以及
控制部,其控制所述涂布装置,以在所述处理液的供给开始的同时或者晚于所述处理液的供给开始地将表面张力比所述处理液的表面张力小的所述处理液的溶剂与所述处理液混合地供给到所述基板。
11.根据权利要求10所述的涂布装置,其特征在于,
所述控制部构成为:控制所述涂布装置,以在保持从所述供给喷嘴对所述基板连续地供给所述处理液的状态下调整所述溶剂相对于所述处理液的混合比例,并且在包括所述处理液的供给停止时的处理液供给的后半时间段不向所述处理液混合所述溶剂。
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