CN114023839B - 一种多层复合太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多层复合太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,所述背板膜包括中间PET基膜及分别设置在所述PET基膜上表面和下表面的第一涂层和第二涂层,所述第二涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:40~80份聚四氟乙烯树脂、25~45份改性环氧树脂、5~15份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、1~5份纳米二氧化钛和3~8份聚乙二醇。本发明多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,不仅具有耐候、耐老化和耐湿热的优异性能,而且具有优异的抗菌和阻燃性能,可满足恶劣环境下长期使用的寿命要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏的技术领域,尤其涉及一种多层复合太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
背板(Backsheet)是用在太阳能组件背面,直接与外环境大面积接触的光伏封装材料,通常要求其具备卓越的耐长期老化(湿热、干热、紫外)、耐电气绝缘、水蒸气阻隔等性能。太阳能光伏背板位于太阳能电池板的背面,对电池片起保护和支撑作用,光伏背板的分类有多种,最常用的有两种,即按制造工艺分为涂布型和复合型;按含氟材料分为双面含氟背板、单面含氟背板、无氟背板三种。现有技术中使用的背板膜仍然存在以下问题:背板膜长期在日光照射下,紫外红外热量集聚,温度升高,导热系数升高,大大降低了耐高温阻燃性能;另外,由于长期暴露在恶劣环境中,容易滋生细菌,影响背板膜的正常使用;同时,太阳光的长期照射,还容易导致背板膜的发黄和破裂,严重时导致电池无法正常使用。
发明内容
鉴于以上现有技术的不足之处,本发明提供了一种多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,以解决了现有太阳能电池背板膜整体一致性差,易于开裂等缺陷,及其在耐高低温、耐候、耐老化等性能方面存在的不足问题,以进一步使其满足恶劣环境下长期使用的寿命要求。
为达到以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,所述背板膜包括中间PET基膜及分别设置在所述PET基膜上表面和下表面的第一涂层和第二涂层,所述第二涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:40~80份聚四氟乙烯树脂、25~45份改性环氧树脂、5~15份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、1~5份纳米二氧化钛和3~8份聚乙二醇。本发明的第二涂层靠近太阳能电池片一侧设置,通过聚四氟乙烯树脂、改性环氧树脂和氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂的复配,使得涂层与PET基膜有良好的结合力,同时提高了背板膜耐湿热性能和抗冲击性能。纳米二氧化钛的主要作用为吸收紫外线起到保护背板结构提高背板耐候性的作用。
优选地,所述氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂由氟硅改性丙烯酸酯与丙烯酸酯按照摩尔比1:2~5在偶氮类引发剂的作用下聚合而成,所述氟硅改性丙烯酸酯是由聚(甲氧基)乙烯基硅氧烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛醇丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯按照摩尔比1:1~1.2:2~10反应而成。氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂的添加,进一步提高了太阳能电池背板膜的耐湿热性能。
优选地,所述第一涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:40~60份聚四氟乙烯树脂、15~25份改性环氧树脂、8~15份Ag-MOFs材料、1.5~1.8份纳米无机填料、3~8份十二烷基硫酸钠、1~5份去离子水、5~15份正己烷和0.1~0.3份含氟硅烷偶联剂。本发明朝向阳光照射一侧的第一涂层在制备过程中,以呈规则结构排列的有机金属框架Ag-MOFs材料为载体,在高温等离子的作用下,使金属银均匀涂覆在PET基膜表面,提高了太阳能电池背板膜的抗菌性和反射性,另外均匀分布的金属银,还有助于提高背板膜的导热性能,进一步提高其阻燃性能。
优选地,所述改性环氧树脂为脂肪族环氧树脂。所述脂肪族环氧树脂为脂肪族缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂或脂肪族缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂;优选的是脂肪族缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂;可以例举乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、丙二醇二缩水甘油醚、二丙二醇二缩水甘油醚、丙三醇缩水甘油醚、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、山梨糖醇聚缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇聚缩水甘油醚、聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚等。
优选地,所述Ag-MOFs材料的制备方法为:将0.05~0.1mol/L的如结构式I所示的有机MOF配体溶于1L的二甲基甲酰胺,加入0.15~0.3mol/L的硝酸银水溶液1L,在130~160℃的条件下冷凝回流反应6~18h,冷却至室温,过滤,然后用丙酮反复冲洗,干燥得到所述Ag-MOFs材料,
式中,R1至R12各自独立地选自1~3个碳原子的烷基链或H。本发明Ag-MOFs材料中的多齿有机配体上带有的多个硼酸官能团,不仅可与银离子配位自组装成网络结构,而且还因为硼原子的引入而进一步提高了背板膜的阻燃性能,同时,中心的三嗪结构还有助于提高背板膜的耐候性和阻燃性能,从而提高了表面涂层在严苛条件下的使用寿命。
更优选地,所述有机MOF配体为[(1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三基)三(苯-4,1-二基)]三硼酸,CAS号为910231-21-9,其结构式如下所示:
优选地,所述纳米无机填料为纳米氧化钛、纳米氧化硅、纳米氧化铝或纳米氧化锡中的至少一种。更优选地的为白色纳米氧化钛、纳米氧化硅、纳米氧化铝或纳米氧化锡。所述纳米无机填料的粒径范围为1~20nm。选用白色的纳米氧化钛、纳米氧化硅、纳米氧化铝或纳米氧化锡可以很好地起到背板膜补强作用,同时进一步提高了背板膜太阳光的反射率,防止紫外线进入背板,提高了背板的耐候性,延长其使用寿命。纳米无机填料的添加,还有利于提高背板膜的耐磨性。
优选地,所述含氟硅烷偶联剂为十七氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十七氟烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十三氟烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十二氟烷基三乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种。采用含氟硅烷偶联剂有助于提高背板膜表面功能膜层的疏水性,降低环境中的水分子在膜层内的渗透,从而有助于提高太阳能电池表面功能膜层的耐湿热性。
本发明的另外一方面是提供一种如上述的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:按重量份称取40~60份聚四氟乙烯树脂、8~15份Ag-MOFs材料、1.5~1.8份纳米无机填料、3~8份十二烷基硫酸钠、1~5份去离子水和5~15份正己烷搅拌混合均匀,然后加入15~25份改性环氧树脂和0.1~0.3份含氟硅烷偶联剂,继续搅拌均匀,再喷涂于PET基膜的上表面,固化处理后,得到带有第一涂层的PET基膜;
S2:按重量份称取40~80份聚四氟乙烯树脂、25~45份改性环氧树脂、5~15份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、1~5份纳米二氧化钛和3~8份聚乙二醇,搅拌混合均匀,喷涂于步骤S1处理后的PET基膜下表面,固化处理后,得到带有第二涂层的所述多层复合太阳能电池背板膜。
优选地,所述第一涂层和第二涂层的膜厚为0.035~0.045mm。所述中间PET基膜的膜厚为0.18~0.30mm。
本发明的有益效果:
相对于现有多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,本发明多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其膜层不仅具有耐候、耐老化和耐湿热的优异性能,而且具有优异的抗菌和阻燃性能,可满足恶劣环境下长期使用的寿命要求。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例,本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。
实施例1
本实施例的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其包括中间PET基膜及分别设置在所述PET基膜上表面和下表面的第一涂层和第二涂层,所述第二涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:40份聚四氟乙烯树脂、25份改性环氧树脂、5份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、1份纳米二氧化钛和3份聚乙二醇。
所述第一涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:40份聚四氟乙烯树脂、15份改性环氧树脂、8份Ag-MOFs材料、1.5份纳米无机填料、3份十二烷基硫酸钠、1份去离子水、5份正己烷和0.1份含氟硅烷偶联剂。
所述改性环氧树脂为聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂,其环氧当量440,粘度8500cps。所述纳米无机填料白色纳米氧化钛。所述含氟硅烷偶联剂为十七氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷。
本实施例多层复合太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
S1:按重量份称取40份聚四氟乙烯树脂、8份Ag-MOFs材料、1.5份纳米无机填料、3份十二烷基硫酸钠、1份去离子水和5份正己烷搅拌混合均匀,然后加入15份改性环氧树脂和0.1份含氟硅烷偶联剂,继续搅拌均匀,再喷涂于PET基膜的上表面,固化处理后,得到带有第一涂层的PET基膜;
S2:按重量份称取40份聚四氟乙烯树脂、25份改性环氧树脂、5份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、1份纳米二氧化钛和3份聚乙二醇,搅拌混合均匀,喷涂于步骤S1处理后的PET基膜下表面,固化处理后,得到带有第二涂层的所述多层复合太阳能电池背板膜。
所述第一涂层和第二涂层的膜厚均为0.035mm。所述中间PET基膜的膜厚为0.25mm。
所述氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂由氟硅改性丙烯酸酯与丙烯酸酯按照摩尔比1:2在偶氮类引发剂偶氮二异丁腈的作用下聚合而成,所述氟硅改性丙烯酸酯是由聚(甲氧基)乙烯基硅氧烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛醇丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯按照摩尔比1:1.2:5反应而成。
所述Ag-MOFs材料的制备方法为:将0.1mol/L的有机MOF配体溶于1L的二甲基甲酰胺,加入0.3mol/L的硝酸银水溶液1L,在150℃的条件下冷凝回流反应12h,冷却至室温,过滤,然后用丙酮反复冲洗,干燥得到所述Ag-MOFs材料;所述有机MOF配体为[(1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三基)三(苯-4,1-二基)]三硼酸,CAS号为910231-21-9,其结构式如下所示:
实施例2
本实施例的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其包括中间PET基膜及分别设置在所述PET基膜上表面和下表面的第一涂层和第二涂层,所述第二涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:60份聚四氟乙烯树脂、35份改性环氧树脂、10份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、3份纳米二氧化钛和5份聚乙二醇。
所述第一涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:50份聚四氟乙烯树脂、20份改性环氧树脂、12份Ag-MOFs材料、1.7份纳米无机填料、6份十二烷基硫酸钠、3份去离子水、10份正己烷和0.2份含氟硅烷偶联剂。
所述改性环氧树脂为山梨糖醇聚缩水甘油醚环氧树脂。其环氧当量470,粘度10500cps。所述纳米无机填料白色纳米氧化硅。所述含氟硅烷偶联剂为十三氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷。
本实施例多层复合太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
S1:按重量份称取50份聚四氟乙烯树脂、12份Ag-MOFs材料、1.7份纳米无机填料、6份十二烷基硫酸钠、3份去离子水和10份正己烷搅拌混合均匀,然后加入20份改性环氧树脂和0.2份含氟硅烷偶联剂,继续搅拌均匀,再喷涂于PET基膜的上表面,固化处理后,得到带有第一涂层的PET基膜;
S2:按重量份称取60份聚四氟乙烯树脂、35份改性环氧树脂、10份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、3份纳米二氧化钛和5份聚乙二醇,搅拌混合均匀,喷涂于步骤S1处理后的PET基膜下表面,固化处理后,得到带有第二涂层的所述多层复合太阳能电池背板膜。
所述第一涂层和第二涂层的膜厚均为0.040mm。所述中间PET基膜的膜厚为0.18mm。
本实施例的氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂和Ag-MOFs材料的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其包括中间PET基膜及分别设置在所述PET基膜上表面和下表面的第一涂层和第二涂层,所述第二涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:80份聚四氟乙烯树脂、45份改性环氧树脂、15份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、5份纳米二氧化钛和8份聚乙二醇。
所述第一涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:60份聚四氟乙烯树脂、25份改性环氧树脂、15份Ag-MOFs材料、1.8份纳米无机填料、8份十二烷基硫酸钠、5份去离子水、15份正己烷和0.3份含氟硅烷偶联剂。
所述改性环氧树脂为聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚环氧树脂,其环氧当量460,粘度9000cps。所述纳米无机填料白色纳米氧化铝。所述含氟硅烷偶联剂为十二氟烷基三乙氧基硅烷。
本实施例多层复合太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
S1:按重量份称取60份聚四氟乙烯树脂、15份Ag-MOFs材料、1.8份纳米无机填料、8份十二烷基硫酸钠、5份去离子水和15份正己烷搅拌混合均匀,然后加入25份改性环氧树脂和0.3份含氟硅烷偶联剂,继续搅拌均匀,再喷涂于PET基膜的上表面,固化处理后,得到带有第一涂层的PET基膜;
S2:按重量份称取80份聚四氟乙烯树脂、45份改性环氧树脂、15份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、5份纳米二氧化钛和8份聚乙二醇,搅拌混合均匀,喷涂于步骤S1处理后的PET基膜下表面,固化处理后,得到带有第二涂层的所述多层复合太阳能电池背板膜。
所述第一涂层和第二涂层的膜厚均为0.045mm。所述中间PET基膜的膜厚为0.30mm。
本实施例的氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂和Ag-MOFs材料的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1
本对比例的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其膜层结构及材料与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于,本对比例背板膜中,第二涂层未添加氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂。
对比例2
本对比例的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其膜层结构及材料与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于,本对比例背板膜中,第一涂层未添加Ag-MOFs材料。
对比例3
本对比例的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其膜层结构及材料与实施例1基本相同,不同之处在于,本对比例背板膜中,第一涂层中Ag-MOFs材料的有机MOF配体采用苯-1,3,5-三(间苯甲酸)代替[(1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三基)三(苯-4,1-二基)]三硼酸。
将实施例1~3和对比例1~3制备得到的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜进行性能测试,其性能结果如表1所示:
抗菌性测试:以革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌与革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌为评价对象,采用摇瓶法测试样品背板膜的抗菌性能,将细菌液与样品混合在摇床中培养24h,在600nm紫外波长下检测培养前后细菌浓度的变化,从而评价样品膜的抗菌性。
表1
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其特征在于,所述背板膜包括中间PET基膜及分别设置在所述PET基膜上表面和下表面的第一涂层和第二涂层,所述第二涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:40~80份聚四氟乙烯树脂、25~45份改性环氧树脂、5~15份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、1~5份纳米二氧化钛和3~8份聚乙二醇;所述第一涂层由以下重量份数的原料组成:40~60份聚四氟乙烯树脂、15~25份改性环氧树脂、8~15份Ag-MOFs材料、1.5~1.8份纳米无机填料、3~8份十二烷基硫酸钠、1~5份去离子水、5~15份正己烷和0.1~0.3份含氟硅烷偶联剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其特征在于,所述氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂由氟硅改性丙烯酸酯与丙烯酸酯按照摩尔比1:2~5在偶氮类引发剂的作用下聚合而成,所述氟硅改性丙烯酸酯是由聚(甲氧基)乙烯基硅氧烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛醇丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯按照摩尔比1:1~1.2:2~10反应而成。
3.如权利要求1所述的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其特征在于,所述改性环氧树脂为脂肪族环氧树脂。
6.如权利要求1所述的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其特征在于,所述纳米无机填料为纳米氧化钛、纳米氧化硅、纳米氧化铝或纳米氧化锡中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜,其特征在于,所述含氟硅烷偶联剂为十七氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十七氟烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十三氟烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十二氟烷基三乙氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
8.一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述的多层复合太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:按重量份称取40~60份聚四氟乙烯树脂、8~15份Ag-MOFs材料、1.5~1.8份纳米无机填料、3~8份十二烷基硫酸钠、1~5份去离子水和5~15份正己烷搅拌混合均匀,然后加入15~25份改性环氧树脂和0.1~0.3份含氟硅烷偶联剂,继续搅拌均匀,再喷涂于PET基膜的上表面,固化处理后,得到带有第一涂层的PET基膜;
S2:按重量份称取40~80份聚四氟乙烯树脂、25~45份改性环氧树脂、5~15份氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂、1~5份纳米二氧化钛和3~8份聚乙二醇,搅拌混合均匀,喷涂于步骤S1处理后的PET基膜下表面,固化处理后,得到带有第二涂层的所述多层复合太阳能电池背板膜。
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