CN115612230A - 一种持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物薄膜 - Google Patents
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,所述含氟聚合物膜包括:含氟聚合物和质量百分含量为0.5~5.0%的聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂,所述聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂通过以下步骤制备获得:S1.含有羟基的纳米紫外屏蔽剂与式(I)所示的乙烯基硅烷偶联剂,在有机介质中反应获得式(II)所示偶联中间体;S2.所述偶联中间体和含双键的紫外线吸收剂和/或光稳定剂在引发剂的作用下,经原位聚合反应获得聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂。本发明的含氟聚合物膜具有紫外屏蔽效率高、稳定性好、使用寿命长等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含氟聚合物薄膜领域,特别涉及一种适用于室外防护的持久耐紫外的透明含氟聚合物薄膜。
背景技术
聚合物膜广泛应用于可能暴露于日光的室内或室外,如建筑装饰、农用膜、光电池保护板、包装材料等,但暴露于日光(尤其是紫外线辐射)下时,氧气、湿气、温度等条件的变化非常容易导致聚合物降解,影响其化学特性,这就要求聚合物膜需要防止紫外光穿透,但又不影响可见光穿透,并需要具备耐气候性、光学特性和化学稳定性等。
氟树脂因其良好的耐候性常用作室外的保护膜,如太阳能光伏模块保护膜。但是,氟树脂本身不能吸收紫外线,会导致封装材料如EVA、PET等失效。为了解决由紫外线引起的上述问题,现有技术采用氟树脂与无机紫外屏蔽剂进行混配的方式对氟树脂进行改性。
日本专利JP2010143948A公开了一种光伏电池保护的氟树脂膜,包括平均粒度10~50nm且表面涂覆硅氧化物的氧化锌颗粒,其紫外屏蔽效果较差,厚度80um时对360nm以下紫外线的屏蔽效率最大为97%,紫外屏蔽范围较窄,不能有效满足光伏行业的需求。
住友公司专利CN101570641A公开了一种遮蔽紫外线的透明树脂成形体,其在透明树脂中分散有比表面积为25~55m2/g、平均粒径为19nm~41nm的氧化锌微粒,对接近可见光的紫外线遮蔽充分,同时具备高紫外线遮蔽和低雾度值。但该专利远不能解决当前光伏背板双面发电对含氟透明膜可见光透过率和紫外线透过率的要求。
杜邦专利CN110527223A公开了一种透明氟聚合物膜,包括氟乙烯聚合物、2wt%至8wt%的丙烯酸酯聚合物,以及0.1wt%至4wt%的三嗪紫外线吸收剂。在100℃下加热96小时之后,所述透明氟聚合物膜具有在340nm下至少1.5的吸光度,但该方法仍然存在长期户外使用过程中有机紫外线吸收剂易迁出、失效等风险。
针对无机紫外屏蔽剂在加工过程中容易因分散不均而导致团聚,难以兼顾透明性,紫外屏蔽效率仍有待提升,有机紫外线吸收剂与含氟聚合物相容性差易迁出失效等问题,急需提出一种新型的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种紫外屏蔽效率高、持久耐用、不易迁移的含氟聚合物膜。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,所述含氟聚合物膜包括:含氟聚合物和质量百分含量为0.5~5.0%的聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂,所述聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂通过以下步骤制备获得:
S1.含有羟基的纳米紫外屏蔽剂与下式(I)所示的乙烯基硅烷偶联剂,在有机介质中反应获得式(II)所示偶联中间体:
式中,n选自0~3,X1在偶联过程中与纳米紫外屏蔽剂表面羟基中的H形成X1H后离去;
S2.所述偶联中间体和含双键的紫外线吸收剂和/或光稳定剂在引发剂的作用下,经原位聚合反应获得聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂。
所述有机介质选自乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇中的至少一种,优选乙醇。
S1步骤反应温度为20~80℃,优选反应温度为25~70℃。
S2步骤聚合温度为50~120℃,优选聚合温度为55~90℃。
S1步骤中,所述纳米紫外屏蔽剂与硅烷偶联剂的质量比为10:1~100:1,优选质量比为20:1~50:1。
S2步骤中,紫外线吸收剂和/或光稳定剂的投入量与纳米紫外屏蔽剂的的重量比为1:3~3:1,优选重量比为1:2~2:1。
S2步骤在混合介质中进行,所述混合介质选自水和选自二氧六环、异丙醇中的至少一种的混合物。
本发明所述引发剂可以采用光引发,也可以采用自由基引发剂引发。当所述引发剂为自由基引发剂时,所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、4,4'-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)中的至少一种。
本发明通过乙烯基硅烷偶联剂与紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂之间的化学键结合,使得含氟聚合物膜在长时间使用下仍能避免紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂的迁移失效。
本发明所述纳米紫外屏蔽剂选自纳米氧化锌和/或纳米二氧化铈,既可以是单独的纳米氧化锌粒子,也可以是单独的纳米二氧化铈粒子,还可以是任意配比的纳米氧化锌粒子和纳米二氧化铈粒子的组合。
本发明所述含氟聚合物选自聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯-乙烯基醚类共聚物、四氟乙烯-乙烯基醚类共聚物中的至少一种。
本发明所述紫外线吸收剂和/或光稳定剂中包含双键即可,双键的结构及其位置不做限定。作为优选,所述紫外线吸收剂选自2-羟基-4-丙烯酰氧乙氧基二苯甲酮、2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基丙烯氧乙基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、4-羟基-3-甲氧基肉桂酸中的至少一种。所述光稳定剂选自2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-1,2,2,4,6-五甲基-4-哌啶酯、1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶-2-甲基丙基-2-烯醇中的至少一种。
本发明制备获得的所述聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂分散性好,无需再加入额外的填料,其D50粒径为15~50nm。具体地,粒径15~25nm的占20%,粒径26~35nm的占50%,粒径36~50nm的占30%。聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂的大小均匀性及其良好的分散性,可以进一步提高含氟聚合物膜在加工过程中的合格率。
采用本领域常规技术将制备获得的聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂与含氟聚合物混合、加工制膜即可。作为优选,本发明采用95~99.5wt%的含氟聚合物和0.5~5.0wt%的聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂充分混合,经螺杆挤出机挤出得到透明含氟聚合物薄膜。
本发明还提供上述任一所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜的应用,优选地,所述含氟聚合物膜可用于光伏背板膜,建筑、室内或交通工具内饰膜,药物储存或包装。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果为:
本发明采用含双键的紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂通过乙烯基硅烷偶联剂实现与纳米紫外屏蔽剂的化学结合,解决了普通紫外屏蔽剂难分散、蔽效率低等问题的同时避免了紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂在长期使用过程中可能存在的迁移失效风险,提高了含氟聚合物膜的稳定性和使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明进行进一步说明,但并不将本发明局限于这些具体实施方式。本领域技术人员应该认识到,本发明涵盖了权利要求书范围内所可能包括的所有备选方案、改进方案和等效方案。
实施例1
将50gγ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷加入到装有500ml无水乙醇的反应釜中,搅拌30min后,加入100g粒径D50 30nm的纳米氧化锌,在50℃下反应24h,采用丙酮洗涤偶联中间体。将偶联中间体分散到1000mL混合介质(蒸馏水/二氧六环=1:1)中,加入100g2-羟基-4-丙烯酰氧乙氧基二苯甲酮、200g1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶-2-甲基丙基-2-烯醇和2g作为自由基引发剂的偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐,抽真空,氮气置换2次,加热至70℃,保温反应12h。反应产物采用布氏漏斗抽滤,并用丙酮洗涤滤饼2~3次,烘干得到聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂Nano 1。
将质量含量为3wt%的Nano 1与质量含量为97wt%的聚氟乙烯树脂充分混合,经螺杆挤出机挤出得到厚度为25μm的透明含氟聚合物薄膜,记为Film 1。
实施例2
本实施例的操作同实施例1,区别仅在于:采用粒径D50 15nm的纳米二氧化铈代替纳米氧化锌,烘干得到聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂Nano 2。
将质量含量3wt%的Nano 2与质量含量为97wt%的乙烯-三氟氯乙烯聚合物充分混合,经螺杆挤出机挤出得到厚度为25μm的透明含氟聚合物薄膜,记为Film 2。
实施例3
本实施例的操作同实施例2,区别仅在于:将质量含量3.0wt%聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂Nano 2与质量含量为97wt%的聚氟乙烯树脂充分混合,经螺杆挤出机挤出得到厚度为25μm的透明含氟聚合物薄膜,记为Film 3。
实施例4
将50gγ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷加入到装有500ml无水乙醇的反应釜中,搅拌30min后,加入100g粒径D50 15nm的纳米二氧化铈,在50℃下反应24h,采用丙酮洗涤偶联中间体。将偶联中间体分散到1000mL混合介质(蒸馏水/二氧六环=1:1)中,加入100g 2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基丙烯氧乙基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、200g 2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-1,2,2,4,6-五甲基-4-哌啶酯、2g偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐,抽真空,氮气置换2次,加热至70℃,保温反应12h。反应产物采用布氏漏斗抽滤,并用丙酮洗涤滤饼2~3次,烘干得到聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂Nano 3。
将质量含量为3wt%Nano 3与质量含量为97wt%的聚氟乙烯树脂充分混合,经螺杆挤出机挤出得到厚度为25μm的透明聚合物薄膜,记为Film 4。
对比例1
将质量分数1%纳米氧化锌、质量分数1%紫外线吸收剂2-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-5-己基氧基-苯酚,质量分数1%的光稳定剂聚丁二酸(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇)酯与97wt%的聚氟乙烯树脂充分混合,经螺杆挤出机挤出得到厚度为25μm的透明含氟聚合物薄膜,记为Film 5。
将上述实施例1~4和对比例1制得的透明含氟聚合物薄膜进行性能测试,其中:
初始光学性能,采用国标GB2410-2008进行初始紫外线透过率和初始可见光透过率的测试;
湿热老化性能,在85℃、85%RH下,经历3000小时后采用国标GB2410-2008测试紫外线透过率和可见光透过率,采用国标GB/T3979测试黄变值△b;
紫外辐照性能,经300kWh/m2紫外辐射后,采用国标GB2410-2008测试紫外线透过率和可见光透过率,采用国标GB/T3979测试黄变值△b。
测试结果如下表1所示:
表1性能测试结果
由上表1可知,通过将含双键的紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂与乙烯基硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米紫外屏蔽剂的表面接枝聚合得到改性的纳米紫外屏蔽剂,添加此改性纳米紫外线屏蔽剂的含氟聚合物薄膜湿热老化及紫外辐照后紫外透过率、可见光透过率都没有明显的衰减、且黄变值较传统物理结合较小,说明其改性纳米屏蔽剂有效的提高了含氟聚合物膜的耐紫外老化性能、避免了紫外线吸收剂、光稳定剂在长期使用过程中可能存在的迁移失效风险,提高了含氟聚合物膜的稳定性和使用寿命。
Claims (13)
2.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:所述有机介质选自乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:S1步骤反应温度为20~80℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:S2步骤聚合温度为50~120℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:S1步骤中,所述纳米紫外屏蔽剂与乙烯基硅烷偶联剂的质量比为10:1~100:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:S2步骤中,紫外线吸收剂和/或光稳定剂的投入量与纳米紫外屏蔽剂的质量比为1:3~3:1。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、4,4'-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:所述纳米紫外屏蔽剂选自纳米氧化锌和/或纳米二氧化铈。
9.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:所述含氟聚合物选自聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯-乙烯基醚类共聚物、四氟乙烯-乙烯基醚类共聚物中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:所述紫外线吸收剂选自2-羟基-4-丙烯酰氧乙氧基二苯甲酮、2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基丙烯氧乙基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、4-羟基-3-甲氧基肉桂酸中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:所述光稳定剂选自2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-1,2,2,4,6-五甲基-4-哌啶酯、1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶-2-甲基丙基-2-烯醇中的至少一种。
12.根据权利要求1所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜,其特征在于:所述聚合改性纳米紫外屏蔽剂的D50粒径为15~50nm。
13.权利要求1-12任一所述的持久耐紫外的含氟聚合物膜的应用,其特征在于:所述含氟聚合物膜用于光伏背板膜,建筑、室内或交通工具内饰膜,药物储存或包装。
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