CN114015450A - Attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114015450A
CN114015450A CN202111280159.XA CN202111280159A CN114015450A CN 114015450 A CN114015450 A CN 114015450A CN 202111280159 A CN202111280159 A CN 202111280159A CN 114015450 A CN114015450 A CN 114015450A
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attapulgite
parts
soil
saline
alkali soil
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CN114015450B (en
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张哲�
张楠
郑海宇
魏玉祥
马国富
彭辉
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Baiyin Division Innovation Research Institute Of Northwest Normal University
Feng Bao Agricultural Science And Technology Co ltd
Northwest Normal University
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Feng Bao Agricultural Science And Technology Co ltd
Northwest Normal University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner. The attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of modified attapulgite, 3-10 parts of microbial agent, 5-10 parts of acidifying agent, 10-15 parts of weathered coal, 2-5 parts of water-retaining agent and 2-5 parts of soil aggregate structure promoter; the modified attapulgite is loaded with spiropyran and/or manganese salt, and the components are uniformly mixed and granulated. Compared with the prior art, the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner has excellent comprehensive performance, not only can obviously reduce the soil alkalization degree and improve the pH buffer rate of the soil, but also can obviously improve the soil structure, improve the infiltration rate of rainwater water, preserve water, reduce evaporation, increase the soil fertility of the soil water erosion resistance and improve the crop yield.

Description

Attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to an attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Background
When the soil contains excessive saline-alkali components, the soil is usually made into saline soil, salinized soil or saline-alkali soil. The large amount of soluble salts contained in the soil is generally considered as saline-alkali soil when the alkalization degree of an alkalization layer in the soil exceeds 5 percent, can inhibit the normal growth of crops, and is very harmful to the crops because the soil presents four characteristics of thin, plate, raw and cold once the soil is salinized.
The saline-alkali soil usually contains eight major ions, namely CO3 2-、HCO3 -、Cl-、SO4 2-、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+And Na+Six types of pure soda, chloride, sulfate-chloride, chloride-sulfate and sulfate are formed. When the salt content of the soil exceeds 0.3%, the crops have low yield or cannot grow. Generally, the more water-soluble ions in a soluble salt are, the greater the penetration of the plant into the cells, and the greater the damage to the crop. Several common sequences of soluble salt damage to crops are: sodium carbonate>Magnesium chloride>Sodium bicarbonate>Calcium chloride>Sodium chloride>Magnesium sulfate>Sodium sulfate. The excessive concentration of soluble salts in soil can cause the reverse loss of water in plants, and physiological dehydration and wilting death, namely physiological drought phenomenon. The existence of a large amount of sodium ions in the soil deteriorates the soil propertiesInfluences the respiration and nutrient absorption of the root system of the crops, destroys various enzymes of the crops, influences the metabolism, and particularly has strong corrosive action on the root systems and the buds of the crops. Usually, the nutrient elements such as calcium, manganese, phosphorus, iron and the like are also influenced.
The method for modifying saline-alkali soil mainly is a chemical modification method. Chinese patent CN201811305655.4 discloses a composition for improving severe saline-alkali soil, which consists of organic matters and a solid salt alkali-reducing agent, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: (1-1) preparation of solid salt alkali-reducing agent: the solid salt alkali-reducing agent is prepared by activating, carbonizing and loading a photocatalyst on cotton stalks; (1-2) preparation of organic matters: the organic matter is formed by fermenting branches and leaves of cotton plants; (1-3) mixing the organic matter and the solid salt alkali-reducing agent according to the mass ratio of 5:1-10: 1. Which captures and fixes sodium ions through a photocatalytic reaction generated by organic matters. Although the modifier is prepared, the photodegradation method is not universal, and the fermentation of organic matters is time-consuming and low in production efficiency.
Chinese patent CN201910199580.4 discloses a severe saline-alkali soil improver, which comprises the following specific components: 5-10 parts of microbial agent, 70-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 10-20 parts of biochar and 5-10 parts of desalting agent. The patent finally considers that the application effect is good in the report, but the data on the aspects of soil heat preservation, air permeability, water retention and the like are lacked, and the performance is not comprehensive enough.
Chinese patent CN202110709935.7 discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of biological activated carbon, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 20-50 parts of organic base material, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of active acid and 3-5 parts of microbial flora. The high-efficiency soil conditioner provided by the invention is formed by the mutual cooperation of all raw materials and the joint action of the raw materials. The mode of combining chemical control and biotechnology can effectively adjust the physicochemical property of soil, and simultaneously improve and promote the biological microenvironment of soil, so as to finally promote the quality of crops, enhance the disease resistance, promote the yield and realize the efficient sustainable development of agriculture. Also, the product involves less overall performance, especially desalting performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing saline-alkali soil conditioner, the invention aims to provide the saline-alkali soil conditioner with excellent comprehensive performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40-60 parts of modified attapulgite, 3-10 parts of microbial agent, 5-10 parts of acidifying agent, 10-15 parts of weathered coal, 2-5 parts of water-retaining agent and 2-5 parts of soil aggregate structure promoter;
the modified attapulgite is loaded with spiropyran and/or manganese salt.
Preferably, the loading amount of the spiropyran is 1-10% of the mass of the attapulgite, and the loading amount of the manganese salt is 5-10% of the mass of the attapulgite.
Preferably, the modified attapulgite is attapulgite loaded with spiropyran and manganese salt.
More preferably, the manganese salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate and manganese carbonate.
Preferably, the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner further comprises: 10-25 parts of a heat storage agent.
Preferably, the heat storage agent is oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal.
Preferably, the microbial agent is selected from the group consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megaterium, and filamentous fungi.
Preferably, the acidifying agent is urea phosphate.
Preferably, the heat storage agent is oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal.
Preferably, the water retaining agent is polyacrylamide.
Preferably, the soil granular structure promoter is polyvinyl alcohol, and the main function of the soil granular structure promoter is to improve the large particle content of soil, thereby facilitating the rapid absorption of rainwater and the air permeability of soil.
The preparation method of the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the components are evenly mixed and then granulated.
Preferably, the particle size of the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner can be controlled within 3-5 mm.
A modified attapulgite is characterized in that: the modified attapulgite is loaded with spiropyran and/or manganese salt.
Preferably, the loading amount of the spiropyran is 1-10% of the mass of the attapulgite, and the loading amount of the manganese salt is 5-10% of the mass of the attapulgite.
Preferably, the manganese salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate and manganese carbonate.
The modified attapulgite is used for conditioning saline-alkali soil.
The modified attapulgite is used for adsorbing sodium ions.
The preparation method of the modified attapulgite comprises the following steps: and (2) fully mixing the attapulgite with spiropyran and/or manganese salt to obtain the modified attapulgite.
Preferably, the mixing is carried out using a continuous modifier.
Preferably, the attapulgite is activated by acid and then by microwave heating before modification.
More preferably, the specific process of acid activation comprises uniformly mixing attapulgite and phosphoric acid, and standing for more than 24 hours, wherein the amount of the phosphoric acid is 1-10 wt% of that of the attapulgite; the microwave heating activation temperature is 160-200 ℃, and the time is 15-20 minutes.
Compared with the prior art, the attapulgite saline-alkali soil conditioner has the following advantages:
(1) the soil structure is improved, the saturated hydraulic conductivity is increased, and the rainwater water infiltration rate is increased;
(2) the water retention rate of the soil is improved, the water can be retained, and evaporation is reduced;
(3) the water erosion resistance of the soil is improved;
(4) the pH buffer rate of the soil is improved;
(5) the desalting performance is excellent, and the salinization degree of soil is obviously improved;
(6) increase soil fertility and improve crop yield.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
1. The microbial agent has the main functions of activating soil and improving soil fertility. The microbial agent used in the embodiment of the invention is a commercial product (Yimiao brand, Haimai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in Henan province), and according to the product specification, the main components of the microbial agent are compounded by bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megaterium, filamentous fungi and the like.
2. The attapulgite has good water retention capacity, can increase soil humidity and slow down evaporation capacity; the attapulgite contains various trace elements, which can provide nutrient substances for plant growth; the attapulgite can improve the water erosion resistance of soil; the strong adsorption property of the attapulgite can improve the pH buffer rate of the soil.
The method for modifying the attapulgite by using the manganese salt and/or the spiropyran is one of the key technologies, and the method can obviously improve the adsorption capacity of the attapulgite to sodium ions and enhance the desalting capacity by using the huge specific surface area of the attapulgite to load the manganese element and/or the spiropyran after modification.
The manganese element may be provided by a manganese salt, such as ammonium manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate and manganese carbonate, for example. Manganese ammonium sulfate, which also provides nitrogen for plant growth, is preferably used.
Before the modification by the manganese salt and/or the spiropyran, the attapulgite is activated to increase the specific surface area of the attapulgite and improve the compounding capability of the attapulgite, the manganese salt and the spiropyran.
3. The acidifier has the main functions of increasing hydrogen ions in soil, reducing the pH value of the soil, increasing the dissolution of carbonate and hydroxide precipitates such as calcium, magnesium and the like and increasing the effectiveness of the carbonate and hydroxide precipitates. The urea phosphate is selected as an acidifier, so that the pH value of the soil can be reduced, and phosphorus and nitrogen elements required by plants can be provided.
4. The addition of the heat storage agent into the saline-alkali soil conditioner is another key technology of the invention, and the purpose of using the heat storage agent is to improve the thermal phase change performance of the soil, reduce the temperature difference, improve the soil temperature and provide favorable factors for the heat preservation of the plant roots. The embodiment of the invention adopts commercially available oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal (3Y-BJ, Yajijieyu coal and Electricity group Limited) as a heat storage agent, the granularity is 50-80 meshes, and the product also has the effect of increasing the air permeability of soil.
5. Weathered coal: the weathered coal contains a large amount of humic acid and a plurality of oxygen-containing active functional groups, so that the water permeability and the water retention of the soil can be improved, the acid-base property of the soil can be adjusted, the nutrient effectiveness of the soil can be improved, and the water evaporation of the soil can be reduced.
6. The water-retaining agent has the main functions of loosening soil, improving the physical properties of soil and improving water-retaining property. The water-retaining agent provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts commercially available polyacrylamide, and is also a good fertilizer slow-release agent.
7. The soil granular structure accelerant mainly has the effects of improving the ratio of large particles of soil, improving the physical properties of the soil and facilitating rapid rainwater absorption and soil air permeability. The soil aggregate structure promoter of the embodiment of the invention adopts commercial polyvinyl alcohol.
Example 1
Preparing modified attapulgite:
(1) and (3) activation: drying attapulgite raw ore (ATP-0) in the sun, pulverizing to 80 mesh or above, adding 5% phosphoric acid, stirring, and standing for 24 hr; and (3) activating the attapulgite treated by the phosphoric acid for 15-20 minutes at 160-200 ℃ by using a microwave activation furnace to obtain activated attapulgite (ATP-1).
(2) Modification: adding manganese ammonium sulfate and spiropyran into activated attapulgite (ATP-1) according to a certain proportion (the dosage ratio of manganese ammonium sulfate to attapulgite is 5wt%, and the dosage ratio of spiropyran to attapulgite is 5 wt%), and fully compounding by using a continuous modification machine to obtain the modified attapulgite (ATP-H) loaded with manganese elements and spiropyran.
Example 2
Preparing modified attapulgite:
the preparation process and conditions are the same as those in example 1, except that only ammonium manganese sulfate (the using amount ratio of ammonium manganese sulfate to attapulgite is 10 wt%) is added during modification, and modified attapulgite (ATP-2) only loaded with manganese elements is prepared.
Example 3
Preparing modified attapulgite:
the preparation process and conditions are the same as those of example 1, except that only spiropyran is added during modification (the dosage ratio of spiropyran to attapulgite is 10 wt%), and modified attapulgite (ATP-3) only loaded with spiropyran is prepared.
Example 4
Uniformly mixing 3 parts of microbial agent, 60 parts of modified attapulgite (ATP-H), 5 parts of urea phosphate, 10 parts of oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal, 15 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol by weight, and then granulating by using an extrusion granulator to obtain the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner, wherein the grain size of the granules is controlled to be 3-5 mm.
Example 5
According to the weight, 10 parts of microbial agent, 50 parts of modified attapulgite (ATP-H), 10 parts of urea phosphate, 15 parts of oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal, 10 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly mixed, and then an extrusion type granulator is used for granulation to obtain the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Example 6
According to the weight, 5 parts of microbial agent, 40 parts of modified attapulgite (ATP-H), 8 parts of urea phosphate, 25 parts of oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal, 12 parts of weathered coal, 5 parts of polyacrylamide and 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol are uniformly mixed, and then an extrusion type granulator is used for granulation to obtain the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Comparative example 1
Uniformly mixing 3 parts of microbial agent, 60 parts of attapulgite (ATP-0), 5 parts of urea phosphate, 10 parts of oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal, 15 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol by weight, and granulating by using an extrusion granulator to obtain the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner control sample.
Comparative example 2
Uniformly mixing 3 parts of microbial agent, 60 parts of activated attapulgite (ATP-1), 5 parts of urea phosphate, 10 parts of oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal, 15 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol by weight, and granulating by using an extrusion granulator to obtain the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Example 7
Uniformly mixing 3 parts of microbial agent, 60 parts of modified attapulgite (ATP-2), 5 parts of urea phosphate, 10 parts of oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal, 15 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol by weight, and then granulating by using an extrusion granulator to obtain the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Example 8
Uniformly mixing 3 parts of microbial agent, 60 parts of modified attapulgite (ATP-3), 5 parts of urea phosphate, 10 parts of oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal, 15 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol by weight, and then granulating by using an extrusion granulator to obtain the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Example 9
Uniformly mixing 3 parts of microbial agent, 60 parts of modified attapulgite (ATP-H), 5 parts of urea phosphate, 15 parts of weathered coal, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol by weight, and granulating by using an extrusion granulator to obtain the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Example 10
The performance test of the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the saline-alkali soil used in the experiment is taken from Gansu silver, after the soil is taken back to a laboratory, the soil conditioner of the embodiments 4-9 and the comparative examples 1-2 is used for conditioning and modifying, the dosage of the soil conditioner is 15wt% of the saline-alkali soil, the physical and chemical properties of the soil before and after conditioning are tested, and the original saline-alkali soil without the soil conditioner is a blank sample.
1. And (3) measuring the physical properties of the soil: the volume weight, porosity, air permeability, water stability, aggregate, heat preservation, water permeability rate (compared with water permeability time), water storage capacity and water retention, and the test data are shown in table 1.
(1) Soil volume weight and porosity: and (3) measuring the volume weight by adopting a ring cutter method, and respectively calculating the total porosity and the ventilation porosity of the soil by combining the measurement of the saturated water content of the soil and the measurement of the field moisture content.
(2) Water-stable macro-aggregates: and (4) measuring by using a soil aggregate analyzer, and measuring the content of the water-stable aggregates with the particle size of more than 0.25 mm.
(3) Heat preservation: through the test of pre-burying a temperature sensor in soil, when the outside temperature is slowly reduced to-15 ℃ from 45 ℃, the soil is set to be 20 cm thick, and the temperature change range from the surface to the internal point is 10 cm.
(4) Testing the water penetration time: the self-made experimental method comprises the steps of preparing a sandwich container with the thickness of 1 square meter by using a polypropylene plate, setting the thickness of soil to be 15 cm, compacting the soil after slight oscillation under the same condition, standing for 24 hours, simulating 20 mm rainfall condition for testing, recording the water permeation time of the bottom of the container at first, and comparing the relative water permeation capacity, wherein the shorter the water permeation time is, the stronger the water permeation capacity is, and the higher the utilization rate of rainwater is.
(5) Water storage capacity: and in the stage of testing the water permeation time, after the soil is saturated and adsorbs water, standing, integrally weighing the mass of the container and the soil on the basis that no water drops fall at the bottom of the container, subtracting the mass before water spraying to obtain the mass increase percentage, and comparing the water storage capacity of the soil according to the data.
(6) Water retention: in the stage of testing the water permeation time, after the soil is saturated and absorbs water, standing, and taking 1cm of saturated and water-absorbing soil based on that no water drops fall at the bottom of the container any more3The time to dry to constant weight at 45 degrees celsius is compared.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As can be seen from table 1:
(1) compared with the blank sample of the original saline-alkali soil before conditioning, the volume weight, the porosity, the ventilation porosity, the water-stable large aggregate, the heat preservation property, the water permeability, the water storage capacity and the water retention property of the soil are all obviously improved after conditioning by the conditioner of the embodiment 4-9.
(2) Compared with the example 9 without adding the oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal, the conditioner in the example 4 with the oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal can improve the heat preservation performance of the soil and the air permeability of the soil.
2. The soil chemistry, the test data are shown in table 2.
(1) The pH value of the soil is as follows: the pure water used was boiled in advance to remove carbon dioxide as measured by a pH meter, and the water-soil ratio was in accordance with the recommended standards of the International soil society.
(2) Soil pNa value: measured with a pNa meter. The pNa value of the soil and the soil alkalization degree (ESP) are in extremely obvious negative correlation, the pNa value and the soil alkalization degree are in a power function relationship, and the larger the pNa value is, the smaller the alkalization degree is.
(3) Soil organic matter: the potassium bicarbonate is measured by an oxidation external heating method. The concrete method refers to the third edition of Bayshaden 'soil agro-chemical analysis'.
(4) And (3) soil enzyme activity determination: the soil urease and protease are determined by the conventional method for measuring soil enzymes in soil enzymes and research methods thereof, which are compiled by Guanying.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
As can be seen from table 2:
(1) compared with the blank sample of the original salt alkaline earth before conditioning, the pH value, pNa, organic matter, urease and protease content of the soil are obviously improved after the conditioning by the conditioner of the examples 4-9.
(2) As can be seen from the comparison results of examples 4-8 and 9, the addition of the heat storage agent in the conditioner improves the soil heat preservation property, reduces the soil temperature difference and is very beneficial to increasing the contents of organic matters, urease and protease in the soil.
(3) Compared with attapulgite raw ore (comparative example 1) or attapulgite only subjected to activation treatment (comparative example 2), the attapulgite modified by manganese salt and/or spiropyran added in examples 4, 7 and 8 can obviously reduce the sodium ion concentration of soil, and the desalting effect is obviously improved.
(4) Compared with the attapulgite modified by manganese salt (example 7), the attapulgite modified by spiropyran (example 8) has better capacity of reducing the sodium ion concentration of soil, and the attapulgite modified by the composite of manganese salt and spiropyran (example 4) has the strongest capacity of reducing the sodium ion concentration of soil, which shows that the manganese salt and spiropyran have synergistic effect on improving the adsorption effect of the attapulgite on sodium ions.
Example 11
Planting experiment
The saline-alkali soil used in the experiment was the same as that used in example 10. Respectively mixing 25 kg of original saline-alkali soil with 3.75 kg of the soil conditioner uniformly, uniformly putting each group of mixed soil samples into 5 test pots, after watering, planting 4 lettuce seeds in each pot, and finally calculating the average value of 20 vegetables; 5 additional pots of a blank control of raw saline-alkaline earth were set. All groups are randomly arranged, all the groups are harvested after 3 months, the plant height, fresh weight and soluble sugar content are measured, and all the groups are respectively compared with a blank control group. The test data are shown in Table 3.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
As can be seen from table 3:
(1) the lettuce growth conditions were significantly improved after conditioning with the conditioners of examples 4-9 compared to the original saline alkaline earth blank samples prior to conditioning.
(2) Compared with the attapulgite before modification (comparative examples 1-2), the modified attapulgite (examples 4, 7 and 8) can obviously improve the growth condition of lettuce.
(3) Compared with the conditioner without the heat storage agent (example 9), the growth condition of the lettuce can be remarkably improved by adding the heat storage agent (example 4).
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized in that: the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40-60 parts of modified attapulgite, 3-10 parts of microbial agent, 5-10 parts of acidifying agent, 10-15 parts of weathered coal, 2-5 parts of water-retaining agent and 2-5 parts of soil aggregate structure promoter;
the modified attapulgite is loaded with spiropyran and/or manganese salt.
2. The attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the modified attapulgite is loaded with spiropyran and manganese salt;
preferably, the loading amount of the spiropyran is 1-10% of the mass of the attapulgite, and the loading amount of the manganese salt is 5-10% of the mass of the attapulgite.
3. The conditioner for the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the manganese salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate and manganese carbonate.
4. The attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner also comprises: 10-25 parts of a heat storage agent;
preferably, the heat storage agent is oil shale semicoke-based biomass charcoal.
5. The attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the microbial agent is selected from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus megaterium and filamentous fungi;
the acidifying agent is urea phosphate;
the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide;
the soil aggregate structure promoter is polyvinyl alcohol.
6. The method for preparing the attapulgite-based saline-alkali soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: the components are evenly mixed and then granulated.
7. A modified attapulgite is characterized in that: the modified attapulgite is loaded with spiropyran and/or manganese salt;
preferably, the loading capacity of the spiropyran is 1-10% of the mass of the attapulgite, and the loading capacity of the manganese salt is 5-10% of the mass of the attapulgite;
more preferably, the manganese salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium manganese sulfate, manganese sulfate and manganese carbonate.
8. Use of the modified attapulgite of claim 7 for the remediation of saline and alkaline soils.
9. Use of the modified attapulgite of claim 7 for adsorbing sodium ions.
10. The process for preparing the modified attapulgite of claim 7, comprising: fully mixing attapulgite with spiropyran and/or manganese salt to obtain the modified attapulgite;
preferably, a continuous modifier is used for mixing;
preferably, before modification, the attapulgite is activated by acid and then by microwave heating;
more preferably, the specific process of acid activation comprises uniformly mixing attapulgite and phosphoric acid, and standing for more than 24 hours, wherein the amount of the phosphoric acid is 1-10 wt% of that of the attapulgite; the microwave heating activation temperature is 160-200 ℃, and the time is 15-20 minutes.
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