CN111269067A

CN111269067A - Saline-alkali soil improver and application thereof in improvement of watermelon saline-alkali soil

Info

Publication number: CN111269067A
Application number: CN201911322689.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘君璞; 路振国; 周先林; 覃琴; 朱海勇; 胡成成
Original assignee: Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Western Agriculture Research Center
Current assignee: Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Western Agriculture Research Center
Priority date: 2019-12-20
Filing date: 2019-12-20
Publication date: 2020-06-12
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-20
Also published as: CN111269067B

Abstract

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil modifier which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-25 parts of date pit carbon, 15-40 parts of vinegar residue powder, 3-10 parts of attapulgite, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent and 0.1-4 parts of microbial agent. The modifier can obviously improve the physicochemical property of the saline-alkali soil, reduce the pH value and the total salt content of the soil, improve the organic matter content of the soil, increase the granular structure of the soil and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and is particularly suitable for the watermelon saline-alkali soil and can greatly improve the yield of the watermelon.

Description

Saline-alkali soil improver and application thereof in improvement of watermelon saline-alkali soil

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil conditioner and application thereof.

Background

In all saline-alkali soil improvement technologies, chemical improvement has the advantages of low cost, quick response, flexible and adjustable formula and the like, does not depend on fresh water resources and supporting engineering facilities, and is less influenced by climate, so the chemical improvement is widely applied to regions with tense fresh water resources and large climate change, such as Xinjiang and the like.

After decades of research, a large number of patent technologies for saline-alkali soil chemical improvement emerge, and the types of raw materials suitable for saline-alkali soil improvement are gradually familiar to those skilled in the art. However, practical applications show that few products can really exert improved effects in large-scale practical application. And due to the difference of soil environments of different regions, the performances of the same saline-alkali soil conditioner in different regions and/or crop environments are probably greatly different. Therefore, the research on the saline-alkali soil modifier is gradually deepened and refined at the present stage, and the design of a high-efficiency and practical modifier formula according to the 'local conditions' of the application environment becomes the technical development trend in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects and the technical development requirements of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil improver. The modifier can obviously improve the physicochemical property of the saline-alkali soil, reduce the pH value and the total salt content of the soil, improve the organic matter content of the soil, increase the granular structure of the soil and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and is particularly suitable for the watermelon saline-alkali soil and can greatly improve the yield of the watermelon.

In order to achieve the purpose, the saline-alkali soil improver provided by the invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

10-25 parts of date pit carbon, 15-40 parts of vinegar residue powder, 3-10 parts of attapulgite, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent and 0.1-4 parts of microbial agent.

The red dates are produced in Xinjiang area, and a large number of jujube pits are produced in the deep processing process of the red dates, so that the red dates are difficult to be effectively utilized. The date pit carbon is a biological carbon formed by taking date pits as a biological raw material and carrying out insufficient combustion. Although biochar has been reported in the field of acid soil and saline-alkali soil improvement, date pit carbon has not received much attention in the field of saline-alkali soil improvement. The applicant researches and discovers that the selection and combination of the raw materials, particularly the use of the date pit carbon, can achieve unexpected technical effects. Compared with the method without or by using other types of biochar, the date pit carbon can show obviously better improvement effect when being matched with other raw materials.

The vinegar residue (also called vinegar residue) is residue left after brewing vinegar from rice, wheat, sorghum and the like, and is a main byproduct in the production of vinegar. Drying and crushing to obtain vinegar residue powder.

The attapulgite is a water-containing magnesium-rich aluminosilicate clay mineral with a chain layered structure, can increase the granular structure and air permeability of soil when used for soil improvement, and has the adsorption property which is beneficial to slowly releasing active ingredients and solidifying harmful elements. In the present invention, the attapulgite is preferably modified in advance by an acidification method or a heat activation method, and a calcination method among the heat activation methods is more preferably used in view of the operation cost and the convenience. Illustratively, the modifying step comprises: the attapulgite is calcined at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours. Through high-temperature modification, the adsorption water and the structural water in the structural framework can be effectively removed, and the adsorption performance of the material is improved. Optionally, the calcination may be followed by grinding, sieving to obtain the desired particle size.

Compared with other raw materials, the humic acid and the calcium superphosphate can quickly reduce the salinization degree of soil, improve the soil structure and the soil fertility, and can also play a role in enhancing the effect of other components.

The water-retaining agent expands after absorbing water and shrinks after releasing water, so that the soil can form a granular porous structure, is soft and breathable, not only ensures the plant demand, but also can increase the permeability of clay and the water holding capacity of sandy soil, effectively improves the water and fertilizer retaining capacity of the soil, and is a well-known component in the field of soil improvement. The type of the water retaining agent in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably Polyacrylamide (PAM), particularly PAM having a molecular weight of 1000 to 2000 ten thousand, from the viewpoint of cost and performance stability.

The microbial agent can effectively improve the content of beneficial microorganisms in soil, and can improve the ecological environment of the soil under the combined action of the microbial agent and other components. Preferably, the microbial agent is an EM bacterium.

According to the invention, the date pit carbon, the vinegar residue powder, the attapulgite, the humic acid, the calcium superphosphate, the water-retaining agent and the microbial agent are combined and act synergistically, so that the product has quick-acting and long-acting functions, and has obvious effects on saline-alkali soil improvement and watermelon yield increase.

Preferably, the saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13-20 parts of date pit carbon, 20-30 parts of vinegar residue powder, 5-8 parts of attapulgite, 6-9 parts of humic acid, 5-8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-3 parts of water-retaining agent and 0.2-1 part of microbial agent.

Optionally, the saline-alkali soil conditioner of the invention can also contain other conventional auxiliary components in the field of soil conditioners, such as large-element fertilizers, medium-element fertilizers, trace-element fertilizers and the like of N, P, K. In the saline-alkali soil improver, all the raw materials are known substances in the prior art and can be obtained commercially or prepared conveniently by a known method.

The saline-alkali soil improver can be prepared by a conventional method. Typically, the raw materials are weighed according to the proportion and then uniformly mixed. Optionally, the attapulgite may be subjected to a heat-activated modification treatment prior to blending. Suitably, the mixture may be processed by a granulation process after being mixed for storage, transportation, ease of application, and the like. These are conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

The saline-alkali soil modifier disclosed by the invention has an excellent modifying effect on saline-alkali soil. According to the technical effect which is particularly outstanding in application practice, the invention also mainly aims at providing the application of the saline-alkali soil improver in improving the saline-alkali soil for planting the watermelon.

As a preferred technical scheme, when the saline-alkali soil conditioner is applied, the saline-alkali soil conditioner is ploughed by 20-30cm, is uniformly applied in an amount of 100-400 kg/mu, and is then uniformly mixed with the ploughed soil. Preferably, the improvement treatment is carried out within 3-7 days before the watermelon is planted.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through the selection and matching of the raw materials, the raw materials in the saline-alkali soil conditioner disclosed by the invention exert a synergistic effect, so that the soil property can be obviously improved, the pH value and the total salt content of soil are reduced, the soil fertility is improved, and the yield of watermelons is greatly increased; compared with most of the existing similar products, the saline-alkali soil improver has the advantages of easily available raw materials, simple preparation method, small dosage and low cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a real view of the growth of watermelon after the saline-alkali soil conditioner of example 1 is applied for conditioning;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the growth of watermelon in soil without improvement.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Preparation of saline-alkali soil improver

Example 1

1. Raw materials

18 kg of date pit carbon, 27 kg of vinegar residue powder, 6 kg of attapulgite, 8 kg of humic acid, 6 kg of calcium superphosphate, 2 kg of polyacrylamide PAM (anionic type, average molecular weight about 1200 ten thousand) and 0.5 kg of EM bacteria.

2. Saline-alkali soil improver 1#

Calcining attapulgite at 400 ℃ for 1 hour, cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain modified attapulgite;

mixing date pit carbon, vinegar residue powder, humic acid, calcium superphosphate, PAM, EM bacteria and modified attapulgite, stirring thoroughly, grinding, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve to obtain saline-alkali soil modifier # 1.

Example 2

The difference of the preparation of saline-alkali soil improver No. 2 according to the embodiment 1 lies in the raw material dosage, which specifically comprises the following steps: 15 kg of date pit carbon, 25 kg of vinegar residue powder, 8 kg of attapulgite, 7 kg of humic acid, 8 kg of calcium superphosphate, 3 kg of polyacrylamide PAM (anionic type, average molecular weight of about 1200 ten thousand) and 0.6 kg of EM bacteria.

Comparative example 1

A saline-alkali soil improver C1 was prepared with reference to example 1, except that bamboo charcoal particles were used instead of date pit charcoal.

Comparative example 2

The saline-alkali soil improver C2 was prepared according to example 1, except that cotton straw biochar particles were used instead of date pit carbon.

Comparative example 3

The saline-alkali soil improver C3 is prepared according to example 1, except that jujube pit carbon is omitted from the raw materials and the same amount of modified attapulgite is added.

Application of saline-alkali soil improver

In order to prove the application effect of the saline-alkali soil improver, saline-alkali soil improvement tests are carried out by taking the saline-alkali soil improver 1#, 2#, and C1-C3 as objects.

1. Test land

The test land is a watermelon planting land of a certain watermelon in Temple ditch rural immigration village in Changji city, Xinjiang, and belongs to severe saline-alkali soil. Wherein, the total salt content is 7.6 g/kg, and the pH value is 9.3.

2. Improved method and results

Ploughing the saline-alkali soil by about 25cm, uniformly spreading the saline-alkali soil conditioner in an amount of 350 kg/mu, and uniformly mixing the saline-alkali soil conditioner with the ploughed soil. After keeping for 5 days, detecting soil indexes.

The results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

As shown in table 1, all saline-alkali soil improving agents exert improving effects. But compared with the saline-alkali soil conditioner 1# and 2# provided by the invention, the effect of reducing the total salt content and the pH value of the soil is obviously better. Particularly, the comparison with C1 and C2 shows that the date pit carbon has obviously better effect than other biochar when being combined with other raw materials.

3. Further testing

And selecting the watermelon of which the variety is Jincheng No. 5 as a test crop on the improved soil, and planting and field management in a conventional mode.

FIG. 1 is a real view of the growth of watermelon on the 75 th day after planting on the soil improved by the saline-alkali soil conditioner 1# of example 1. As shown in the figure, the watermelon grows well. Finally, the yield per mu of the watermelon in the improved soil reaches about 7500 kg.

FIG. 2 is a real view of the growth of watermelon on 75 th day of planting on the same area of soil without any improvement treatment. Compared with the graph 1, the watermelon growth difference in the graph 2 is large, and the final yield per mu only reaches about 3500 kg.

The results of the parallel tests were obtained on the soil improved with saline-alkali soil improver # 2 and C1-C3, respectively, and the yields are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Modifying agent	1#	2#	C1	C2	C3
						Watermelon yield per mu (kg)	7500	6940	5290	5400	5260

The test results in Table 2 show that the saline-alkali soil modifier can greatly improve the yield of watermelons by selecting and matching raw materials, and the effect is far better than that of the modifier C1-C3 in the comparative example.

Claims

1. A saline-alkali soil improver comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

2. The saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the preparation of the modifier, the attapulgite is modified in advance by an acidification method or a heat activation method, and a calcination method among the heat activation methods is preferably used.

3. The saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 2, characterized in that: the attapulgite is calcined at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours.

4. The saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water retaining agent is Polyacrylamide (PAM), preferably PAM with a molecular weight between 1000 and 2000 million.

5. The saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, characterized in that: the microbial agent is EM bacteria.

6. The saline-alkali soil improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amount of each raw material is as follows in parts by weight:

13-20 parts of date pit carbon, 20-30 parts of vinegar residue powder, 5-8 parts of attapulgite, 6-9 parts of humic acid, 5-8 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-3 parts of water-retaining agent and 0.2-1 part of microbial agent.

7. A process for the preparation of a saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises:

weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, and uniformly mixing;

optionally, the attapulgite is modified prior to blending.

8. Use of a saline-alkali soil amendment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 for improving saline-alkali soil for planting watermelons.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that: when the modifier is applied, the saline-alkali soil is ploughed for 20-30cm, the saline-alkali soil modifier is uniformly applied in an amount of 100-.

10. Use according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: the improvement treatment is carried out within 3-7 days before the watermelon is planted.