CN114009433A - Composition capable of preventing and treating plant powdery mildew and application thereof - Google Patents
Composition capable of preventing and treating plant powdery mildew and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009433A CN114009433A CN202111517553.0A CN202111517553A CN114009433A CN 114009433 A CN114009433 A CN 114009433A CN 202111517553 A CN202111517553 A CN 202111517553A CN 114009433 A CN114009433 A CN 114009433A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/04—Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew of plants and application thereof, wherein the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew comprises the following components in parts by weight (1-1.5): (1-2) vitamins and amino acids. The application is the application of the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew in preparation of medicines for preventing/treating powdery mildew. The invention is a new green and safe prevention and control way for exploring the powdery mildew of tobacco, eliminates the potential safety hazard of chemical pesticide prevention and control, can effectively and durably control the harm of the powdery mildew of tobacco by spraying the composition capable of preventing and controlling the powdery mildew, and can be used as one of the alternative measures for producing high-quality tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco disease control, and particularly relates to a new application of a composition of a fertilizer activator amino acid and a microorganism in controlling plant powdery mildew.
Background
The pathogenic bacteria of powdery mildew of plants belong to the fungi of the subdivision Ascomycotina. The germs have different specialization types and physiological races, are various in types and wide in distribution, are about 650 in formal name in the world at present, and can harm seedlings, flowers, vegetables, economic crops and grain crops of cucurbitaceae, compositae, rosaceous and the like besides solanaceae. The pathogen overwinter with mycelium, produces conidiophores after overwintering, infects hosts to cause diseases, produces a large amount of conidiophores at diseased parts, is spread by airflow, rainwater, soil and the like, produces germ tubes, invades from the epidermis of leaves to cause diseases, has a submerged period of about 5 days, and can repeatedly infect the hosts for many times. The pathogenic bacteria of the powdery mildew of tobacco is Erysiphe cichoracearum (A)Golovinomyces cichoracearum ) The tobacco leaves and stems can be infected by various crops of other families except for harming tobacco, and the occurrence of diseases in the tobacco zone of China is becoming more serious in recent years. After the disease occurs, the leaves are yellow brown speckles which are nearly round at first, white powdery speckles appear on the speckles, the whole leaves are full of powdery mildew along with the enlargement of the speckles, and the diseased leaves are firstly faded and browned and are finally withered. The light leaves of the original tobacco after the diseased leaves are baked are dark rusty brown, and the heavy leaves completely lose economic value.
At present, the method for preventing and treating plant powdery mildew mainly depends on chemical pesticides such as 36 percent of thiophanate methyl suspending agent, 70 percent of thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 25 percent of triazolone wettable powder, 12.5 percent of myclobutanil microemulsion, 50 percent of benomyl wettable powder and the like except for selecting disease-resistant varieties, but powdery mildew is extremely easy to generate drug resistance due to the problem of 'three R' (residual quantity, drug resistance and rampant) in the plant disease and insect pest prevention and treatment, and the problem that chemical pesticide residues such as triazolone and the like exceed the standard seriously is found on tobacco leaves in recent years, so the method appears to be important in biological prevention and treatment measures[1,6-7]. There are reports about the control of powdery mildew by biological pesticide (preparation)[8-11]For example: bacillus amyloliquefaciens D1, pseudomonas diminuta HD13 and DEB-12, but the field control effect is only 61.2-75.4%; by being atThe polypeptide protection is used in the field, so that the tobacco can generate induced resistance, and the relative control effect on the powdery mildew of the tobacco is only 47.0 percent; the inhibition rate of the bacillus pumilus AR03 diluted by 200 times is only 69.3%, and the control effects are difficult to meet the requirement of high-quality tobacco production. Therefore, the research aims to develop the control efficiency evaluation of the biological agent for preventing and treating powdery mildew and provide reference basis for exploring a new green and safe control way capable of meeting the production requirement of high-quality tobacco leaves.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a composition capable of preventing and controlling powdery mildew of plants; the second purpose is to provide the application of the composition capable of preventing and controlling the powdery mildew of plants.
The first object of the present invention is achieved by: the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew of plants comprises the following components in parts by weight (1-1.5): (1-2) vitamins and amino acids.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the application of the composition capable of preventing and treating the powdery mildew of plants in the preparation of medicines for preventing/treating the powdery mildew.
The invention is a new green and safe prevention and control way for exploring the powdery mildew of tobacco, and eliminates the potential safety hazard of chemical pesticide prevention and control. Experiment the field control effect test is carried out by using the composition capable of preventing powdery mildew and 3 chemical pesticides (36% thiophanate-methyl suspending agent, 12.5% myclobutanil microemulsion and 25% triadimefon wettable powder). The result shows that the spraying is started at the onset stage or the middle stage of the powdery mildew of the flue-cured tobacco in the field, and the return rate of investment can reach 291.8-315.4% after 2-3 times of spraying. The control effect of the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew can reach more than 95.9 percent, is 4.5 to 10.5 percent higher than the average control effect of other 3 chemical pesticides, and has long lasting period and highest investment return rate. The research shows that the spraying of the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew can effectively and durably control the harm of the powdery mildew of tobacco and can be used as one of the alternative measures for producing high-quality tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated but not limited in any way by the following description, and any alterations or substitutions based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew comprises the following components in parts by weight (1-1.5): (1-2) vitamins and amino acids.
The vitamin is one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin P.
The vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin P.
The mass ratio of the vitamin A to the vitamin E to the vitamin P is 1: (1.5-2).
The amino acid is any one or more of glycine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, serine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and histidine.
The amino acids are valine, proline, tyrosine and lysine.
The mass ratio of valine to proline to tyrosine to lysine is 1: 1.5:1:3.
The application of the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew is the application of the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew in preparation of medicines for preventing/treating powdery mildew.
The application method of the medicament for preventing/treating powdery mildew is spraying, wherein the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 3 days and for 2-3 times continuously.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
Weighing 100g of vitamin and 100g of amino acid, and mixing uniformly to obtain a target composition, wherein the vitamin is vitamin A; the amino acid is glycine, valine, leucine, glutamine, glutamic acid and histidine, and the mass ratio of the amino acid is 1: 2: 1:1:1:1.
Example 2
Weighing 150g of vitamin and 200g of amino acid, and mixing uniformly to obtain a target composition, wherein the vitamin is vitamin E and vitamin P, and the ratio of the vitamin E to the vitamin P is 1: 1; the amino acid is valine.
Example 3
Weighing 120g of vitamin and 150g of amino acid, and mixing uniformly to obtain a target composition, wherein the vitamin is vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin P, and the mass ratio of the vitamin A to the vitamin E to the vitamin P is 1: 1.8; the amino acids are valine, proline, tyrosine and lysine, and the mass ratio of the amino acids is 1: 1.5:1:3.
Example 4
Weighing 140g of vitamin and 160g of amino acid, and mixing uniformly to obtain a target composition, wherein the vitamin is vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin P, and the mass ratio of the vitamin A to the vitamin E to the vitamin P is 1: 2; the amino acid is proline.
Example 5
Weighing 150g of vitamin and 100g of amino acid, and mixing uniformly to obtain the target composition, wherein the vitamin is vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin P, and the mass ratio of the vitamin A to the vitamin E to the vitamin P is 1: 1.5; the amino acid is tyrosine.
Example 6
Weighing 120g of vitamin and 110g of amino acid, and mixing uniformly to obtain a target composition, wherein the vitamin is vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin P, and the mass ratio of the vitamin A to the vitamin E to the vitamin P is 1: 1.7; the amino acid is lysine.
Example 7
Weighing 135g of vitamin and 122g of amino acid, and mixing uniformly to obtain a target composition, wherein the vitamin is vitamin P; the amino acid is lysine.
Example 8
Weighing 143g of vitamin and 187g of amino acid, and mixing uniformly to obtain a target composition, wherein the vitamin is vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin P, and the mass ratio of the vitamin A to the vitamin E to the vitamin P is 1: 1.5; the amino acid is proline.
Example 9
The test was carried out on the composition prepared in example 3, according to the following method:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The cultivated variety is Honghuadajinyuan. The test agent comprises 1 biological agent and 3 chemical pesticides, and the total treatment is 5: and (3) treatment A: the composition prepared in example 3 was diluted 500 times with clear water; and (B) treatment: 36% thiophanate-methyl suspending agent (Jiangsu Lanfeng biochemical industry Co., Ltd., chemical pesticide) and clear water for 800 times dilution; and C, treatment: 12.5% myclobutanil microemulsion (Dongwang farm chemical, Beijing) diluted 1500 times with clear water; and D, processing: 25% triazolone wettable powder (chemical industry research and design institute, Sichuan province, chemical pesticide) diluted 2000 times with clear water; CK: spraying equal amount of clear water as control.
1.2 test methods
1.2.1 the administration of the drug is started at the beginning of onset of disease
Primary diseased tobacco fields were selected, treated with 60 plants each, and repeated 3 times. The first spraying is carried out on the point selection day, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 3 days and 2 times continuously. Disease base is investigated on the day of first medicine spraying, disease condition is investigated 1 time every 3 days, and 5 times are investigated in total. During spraying, the tobacco plant footing leaves are not removed.
1.2.2 drug administration at the beginning of the mid-onset
Alternative mid-onset tobacco fields, each treated 60 plants, 3 replicates. The first spraying is carried out on the point selection day, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 3 days and is carried out for 3 times continuously. Disease base is investigated on the day of first medicine spraying, disease condition is investigated 1 time every 3 days, and 5 times are investigated in total. During spraying, the tobacco plant footing leaves are not removed.
1.3 investigation of control Effect and phytotoxicity
Grading the disease condition, calculating the disease condition index and preventing and treating effect according to a tobacco disease grading and investigating method (GB/T23222-2008). Relative control effect (%) = (control area disease means-treatment area disease means) × 100/control area disease means. And (4) phytotoxicity investigation: selecting a tobacco field with initial disease, investigating the influence of different medicaments on the growth of flue-cured tobacco powdery mildew leaves and tobacco plants at 10 days after the last spraying, selecting a tobacco field with middle disease and 6 days after the last spraying, and dividing the pesticide damage degree into five grades according to a tobacco pest and disease pesticide effect test method (GB/T23223-2008) and expressing the pesticide damage degrees as-, etc. The method comprises the following specific steps:
-: has no drug harm. The leaves are slightly scabbed or are not scabbed basically, and the normal growth of tobacco plants is not influenced;
+ is as follows: mild phytotoxicity. The leaves are slightly scabbed, and the normal growth of tobacco plants is basically not influenced;
+ of: obvious phytotoxicity. The leaves are obviously scabbed, and the yield reduction of the flue-cured tobacco is not obvious;
+ to the utmost extent: high in phytotoxicity. The leaves have obvious withered focal spots, the diseased leaves of the flue-cured tobacco almost lose the baking value, and the yield is obviously reduced;
+ + of: serious phytotoxicity. The diseased leaves completely lose the baking value, the tobacco plant growth is obviously hindered, and the production quality is seriously lost.
1.4 spraying method
The front and back sides of the leaves and the parts of the stems thereof at the diseased part (usually from the lower part) of the tobacco plants treated in the experiment were sprayed using an electric sprayer (3 WBD-20 type), wherein the composition prepared in example 3 was preferably applied by spraying a chemical solution to cover the entire leaf surface, and the remaining 3 chemical pesticides were preferably applied by spraying the chemical industry to the natural running water on the leaf surface.
1.5 survey of control cost and determination of input-output ratio
The prevention and control cost is composed of 3 aspects of medicament cost, labor cost (including labor insurance products) and water cost. The price of the pesticide is subject to the market selling price of a survey manufacturer 2021, 3 sellers are surveyed, the difference of the selling prices of different sellers is 10-20%, and the average price is calculated. The spraying area of the labor force is 1hm per person2Calculating the work price according to 150 yuan/d of each person; water charge is 2.8 yuan/m according to the charging standard of resident water3The dosage of the clear water is different according to the spraying standard, and the pharmaceutical industry sprays the water to cover (about 1/3 of the whole plant) the whole blade surface, and the water demand is 375L/hm2Calculating the water demand of 450L/hm when the pesticide is sprayed to the natural flowing water (about 1/3 of the whole plant) of the leaf surface2And (4) calculating.
The larger the input-output (ROI) ROI value, the better the benefit.
2 results and analysis
2.1 preventive effect against initial application of drug at the early stage of onset of disease
As can be seen from the table 1, the control effect is superior to other 3 treatments from 3 days after the first pesticide application to 9 days after the second pesticide application, the control effect is always at a higher level and can reach 95.9 percent at most, and the disease rebound is not obvious after the pesticide application is stopped for 6 days; and the control effect is obviously reduced at 6d and 9d after the 2 nd application of B, C, D. Thus, the duration of the drug effect is good in treatment A, while the disease condition in treatment B, C, D is obviously rebounded, so that the duration of the drug effect is poor.
TABLE 1 preventive effect of initial application at early onset of disease
Note: the medicine is sprayed when the disease begins to be developed in the early stage of vigorous growth.
2.2 prevention and treatment effects of the drug administration at the beginning of the middle stage of onset
As can be seen from the table 2, the pesticide spraying is started in the middle of the disease onset of the field tobacco plants, the control effect is better than other 3 treatments by the treatment A from 3 days after the pesticide is sprayed for the first time to 6 days after the pesticide is sprayed for the third time, and the control effect is always at a higher level and can reach 100 percent at most; and the control effect is reduced 6 days after the 3 rd application of the B, C, D treatment. Thus, the treatment A has good persistence of drug effect and can control the disease condition to 0, while the treatment B, C, D has obvious disease condition rebound and poor persistence of drug effect.
TABLE 2 preventive effect of drug administration at the beginning of the middle stage of onset of disease
Note: the onset of the disease started at the early stage of vigorous growth, and the administration was started 3 days after the initial onset.
2.3 Effect of different Agents on the growth of flue-cured tobacco
As seen from table 3: different treatments have different effects on the growth of diseased tobacco leaves and tobacco plants. The treatment A has no phytotoxicity on the leaves of the tobacco plants with the initial diseases and does not influence the normal growth of the tobacco plants, and has slight phytotoxicity on the leaves of the tobacco plants in the middle of the diseases but does not influence the normal growth of the tobacco plants. The B, C, D has high chemical injury '+ + + +' to the tobacco leaf in the early and middle stages, and obvious chemical injury '+ + +' to the tobacco leaf. It can be seen that treatment a had less damage to the tobacco plant and leaf and good healing of the affected tobacco leaf, while treatment B, C, D had more damage to the tobacco plant and leaf and poor healing of the affected tobacco leaf.
TABLE 3 Effect of different Agents on diseased leaf growth of flue-cured tobacco
2.4 input-to-output ratio analysis
As shown in Table 4, the cost of 4 control agents (preparations) is 358.77-452.10 yuan per hectare, and the plant ' ' pin powder is more than 12.5% myclobutanil microemulsion is more than 36% thiophanate-methyl suspending agent is more than 25% triadimefon wettable powder; the input-output ratio is between 2.14 and 2.27, and the plant ' ' pin powder is more than 12.5 percent myclobutanil microemulsion is more than 25 percent triazolone wettable powder is more than 36 percent thiophanate-methyl suspending agent. This indicates that: the 4 tested medicaments (preparations) can improve the input-output ratio, wherein the plant ' ' is slightly superior in powder, the input-output ratio is 2.28, the investment return rate is improved by 315.4 percent compared with CK, and the yield is 23.6 percent higher than 36 percent of thiophanate-methyl suspending agent (291.8 percent) with the lowest return rate.
TABLE 4 analysis of the input-output ratio for the administration of different agents (formulations)
Remarking: unit of unit price is element/kg, or element/L, unit of dosage is g/hm2Or mL/hm2(ii) a All calculated according to the number of application times of 2.
Summary and discussion of 3
3.1 discussion
The tests show that in the field where powdery mildew occurs, the control effect and the lasting period of the composition prepared in the spraying example 3 are superior to those of 3 chemical pesticides, the control effect is as high as more than 95.9%, the control effect is lasting, and the disease rebound is not obvious. The results of the disease rebound after the last administration is stopped for a certain time are basically consistent with other reports. The composition prepared in example 3 has long lasting effect which is basically consistent with the lasting effect of reported microbial preparations of Wangjing and the like for more than 30 days, but the composition prepared in example 3 does not belong to the category of bacteria control, but belongs to the category of biological preparations prepared from plant main components, so the specific disease prevention and lasting effect mechanisms of the composition are still to be researched.
The tests show that the control of the flue-cured tobacco after being infected with powdery mildew is very necessary, the serious loss of the yield and the quality can be caused when the control is not carried out after being infected with the powdery mildew, and the return on investment for effective control can reach 291.8-315.4%, which is basically consistent with the researches of martian bin and the like. It is reported that the effect of combining the removal of the footing leaves is particularly good in the prevention and treatment. Reports about phytotoxicity of triadimefon on crops are related, and serious phytotoxicity can obviously inhibit the plant height of wheat; the phytotoxicity of 36% thiophanate-methyl suspending agent and 12.5% myclobutanil microemulsion on tobacco smoke cloud 87 is reported, wherein the phytotoxicity symptom appears when the thiophanate-methyl suspending agent is used 4 times of the normal dosage, and the phytotoxicity is not obvious when the myclobutanil microemulsion is used 8 times of the normal dosage. And thus not in line with the results of the present study. The test of the invention focuses on the situation after the control of the tobacco leaves which are endangered by powdery mildew, the control by using chemical pesticides shows that the powdery mildew is obviously inhibited, but the infected parts also become dry, and the leaf dry symptom controlled by biological agents is not obvious and almost has no difference with the normal tobacco leaves. The curative effect on the damaged crops of the composition prepared in example 3 may be related to the disease prevention mechanism of the composition, and the composition is particularly to be researched.
3.2 conclusion
The method is very important for timely preventing and treating the powdery mildew in the tobacco field, the powdery mildew can be well controlled by spraying for 2 times at the beginning of the disease attack or spraying for 3 times at the middle of the disease attack, and the return on investment can reach 291.8-315.4%. Wherein, the control effect of the composition prepared in the embodiment 3 after spraying can reach more than 95.9 percent, which is higher than 4.5-10.5 percent of the average control effect of 3 chemical pesticides such as 36 percent of thiophanate-methyl suspending agent, 12.5 percent of myclobutanil microemulsion, 25 percent of triazolone wettable powder and the like, and the composition has long lasting period and highest investment return rate.
Example 10
The compositions prepared in example 1, example 2, example 4, example 5, example 6, example 7 and example 8 were respectively tested, and the method is the same as example 9, and the results show that the composition for preventing and treating powdery mildew provided by the invention has the effect of preventing and treating powdery mildew of tobacco.
Example 12
Strawberry (plant 1), hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Plantago asiatica (Plantago decursis Willd.) powdery mildew (plant 3) were each tested on the compositions prepared in example 6, as follows:
1 materials and methods
1.1 design of the experiment
And (3) treatment A: the composition prepared in example 6 was diluted 300 times with water;
and (B) treatment: the composition prepared in example 6 was diluted 500 times with water;
and C, treatment: the composition prepared in example 6 was diluted 800 times with water;
CK: spraying equal amount of clear water as control.
For convenience of statistics, the three plants were numbered 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Namely strawberry (plant 1), pepper (plant 2), and plantain (plant 3).
1.2 test methods
In the early stage of powdery mildew infection of 3 plants of strawberry, pepper and plantain, the control area of each plant is 10m2Spraying leaves for 3 times, and spraying for 1 time every 3d for 2 times. The disease was investigated 1 time every 3 days for a total of 3 times. No leaves were removed during spraying.
1.3 calculation of the disease condition
Because the plant powdery mildew surveys have no special survey standards, the disease classification, the disease index and the control effect are calculated according to a tobacco disease classification and survey method (GB/T23222-2008). Relative control effect (%) = (control area disease means-treatment area disease means) × 100/control area disease means.
2 results and analysis
1.1 prevention and treatment Effect of strawberry powdery mildew
As shown in table 5, the composition prepared in example 6 had the best effect on controlling powdery mildew of strawberry when diluted 300 times, and had the poorer effect when diluted 500 times, and the diluted 800 times. Therefore, the recommended dilution is 300-fold and 500-fold.
TABLE 5 control of powdery mildew of strawberry
1.2 prevention and treatment effects on powdery mildew of Capsici fructus
As shown in table 6, the composition prepared in example 6 has the best effect of preventing powdery mildew of pepper when diluted 300 times, and has a poor effect when diluted 500 times and 800 times. Therefore, the recommended dilution is 300-fold and 500-fold.
TABLE 6 control of powdery mildew of Capsicum annuum
1.3 controlling effect of powdery mildew of plantain
As seen from Table 7, the control effect of the composition prepared in example 6 on powdery mildew of Plantago asiatica is the best when diluted 300 times, and the poor when diluted 500 times. Therefore, the recommended dilution is 300-fold and 500-fold.
TABLE 7 control of plantain powdery mildew
3 conclusion
In summary, the composition prepared in example 6 has good control effect on powdery mildew of 3 plants including strawberry, pepper and plantain, and the composition is applied at the beginning of disease onset, diluted by 300-500 times with clear water and sprayed on leaf surfaces for 2 times.
Example 13
The compositions prepared in example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5, example 7 and example 8 were used for testing, and the method is the same as example 12, and the results show that the composition for preventing and treating powdery mildew provided by the invention has the effect of preventing and treating powdery mildew.
Claims (9)
1. The composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew of plants is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight (1-1.5): (1-2) vitamins and amino acids.
2. The composition for controlling plant powdery mildew according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin is any one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin P.
3. Composition for controlling powdery mildew according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said vitamins are vitamin a, vitamin E and vitamin P.
4. The composition capable of preventing and treating plant powdery mildew according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of vitamin A to vitamin E to vitamin P is 1: (1.5-2).
5. The composition for controlling plant powdery mildew according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid is any one or more of glycine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, serine, tyrosine, asparagine, glutamine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and histidine.
6. Composition for controlling powdery mildew of plants according to claim 1 or 5, wherein said amino acids are valine, proline, tyrosine and lysine.
7. The composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of valine, proline, tyrosine and lysine is 1: 1.5:1:3.
8. Application of the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew of plants according to any one of claims 1-7, which is characterized by application of the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew in preparation of medicines for preventing/treating powdery mildew.
9. The application of the composition capable of preventing and treating powdery mildew of plants as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the application method of the medicament for preventing/treating powdery mildew is spraying, wherein the spraying is performed 1 time every 3 days and 2-3 times continuously.
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