CN114009403B

CN114009403B - PCM constant-temperature nest applicable to multiple ant species, construction method and ant feeding method

Info

Publication number: CN114009403B
Application number: CN202111298609.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾敏; 李秉乘; 王秋旺
Original assignee: Xian Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Xian Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2021-11-04
Filing date: 2021-11-04
Publication date: 2022-07-19
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-04
Also published as: CN114009403A

Abstract

The invention provides a PCM constant-temperature nest applicable to multiple ant species, a construction method and an ant feeding method. The invention is mainly divided into a cell area, an active area and a heating and cushioning layer: the cell area mainly comprises a PCM material filling layer, a dry-wet separation structure layer, a bionic nest and the like; the activity area mainly comprises a breathable feeding port, a hygrothermograph, an expansion port and the like; the heating and cushioning layer sequentially comprises a heat preservation and cushioning layer, an electric heating pad and a water storage and moisture preservation layer from bottom to top. The honeycomb district adopts bionic structure design, interconnect between each honeycomb, and the inside PCM material of packing of the separation ya keli board in honeycomb district can realize the wet-dry separation function through PVA sponge, ya keli baffle and concrete moisturizing layer etc.. The invention can keep the temperature in the cell room relatively stable by utilizing the phase change latent heat of the PCM material when the environmental temperature changes.

Description

PCM constant-temperature nest applicable to multiple ant species, construction method and ant feeding method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of ant pet breeding, and discloses a constant-temperature nest which can actively adjust the temperature and humidity and is suitable for multiple ant species and made of PCM materials.

Background

With the rapid development of the economic society and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the mode of raising pets by more and more people to improve the spiritual interest and increase the life interest gradually becomes. The ants as a group with strong sociality have clear labor division, can mutually cooperate to take care of the larva, have a plurality of behaviors such as spawning reproduction, going out for predation and the like, and have extremely high ornamental value and research value. The ants are a new pet in the pet world by virtue of the advantages of low feeding cost, high ornamental value, small occupied area, no peculiar smell, silence and the like. The behavior of raising ants has been spread abroad ten years ago, and more people in China have been added to the ant raising team in recent years.

However, the healthy development of ant colony is greatly related to the living environment, which not only requires enough food, water and lack of natural enemies in the living environment, but also requires the temperature and humidity in the nest to be kept in a certain range. In the natural environment, a plurality of chambers are arranged in the nest of the ant, and the chambers are connected with each other by intricate and complex channels, which are all-round. Wherein the ventilated, cooled and low-humidity chambers are used for storing food, so that the storage time of the food is prolonged; a warm, moist, warm in winter and cool in summer nest is often used for queen and worker ants to live in. Therefore, if the ants are cultured and observed well, the suitability of living environment of the ants is guaranteed to be very important.

The existing mature and good-sales artificial ant nest mainly comprises the following components: the device comprises a water plugging test tube nest, a test tube supporting nest, an ecological soil nest, a sand nest, an acrylic moisturizing nest, a gypsum nest, an aerated brick nest and a concrete nest. The current scheme has the following characteristics: the test tube is the nest main part in the stifled test tube nest, and test tube bottom adds water, prevents to drown the ant with water blocking through sponge or cotton, and steam can see through sponge or cotton and keep the interior air humidity of test tube, and the test tube mouth carries out the shutoff or connects the active area and prevents that the ant from escaping, this scheme low cost, but the shortcoming is also very obvious: firstly, water in the water plugging test tube nest is dried and then is added, ants in the whole test tube need to be transferred to other containers, the problems are troublesome and unnecessary casualties are caused to ant colonies and eggs, the problem can be solved by a test tube with a support at the bottom, and water can be added through a dropper at a branch opening. However, whether the test tube is a common test tube or a test tube with a support, the inner wall surface of the test tube is very smooth, and some ants such as the King-type fine ant are difficult to climb, carry food and walk in the test tube. Secondly, the cotton or sponge for water plugging of the water plugging test tube nest is easy to be bitten and carried by ants, such as the ant with double bony prominences and the ant with big head, and the water plugging failure can be caused after a long time, so that the whole community is drowned and killed. In addition, no matter the water-blocking test tube nest or the test tube nest with the water-blocking test tube nest, the heat preservation effect is the worst of various ant nests, the temperature in the nest and the external temperature are almost synchronously changed, and a relatively stable temperature environment cannot be provided for the nest room.

The ecological soil nest and the sand nest can enable ants to adapt to the ant nest environment more quickly in the first two weeks from the beginning of use, because the nest is closest to the living environment of the ants, the soil has certain heat preservation and moisture preservation capabilities, and meanwhile, the actions of punching holes and nesting the ants can be observed, but the two nests are not suitable for long-term feeding. The reason is as follows: the first is covered by soil and sand, so that the raiser cannot observe the behavior of the ants, whether the ants lay eggs or not, the population quantity cannot be determined, and the humidity condition in the nest cannot be judged, thereby reducing the interestingness of raising pets and observing the ants. More importantly, the so-called "ecological" is not true ecological, and the ecological soil nest will usually deteriorate after two weeks, just by the fact that some plants and sandy soil cannot really reach the level of the natural environment ecosystem. The ants can accumulate and bury residual food in soil or sand after behavioural activities, and people can send peculiar smell for a long time due to lack of decomposition in the ecological soil nest, and mites and bacteria can breed along with the garbage accumulation. The mites are attached to the ants, and the ants cannot repel the mites, and particularly when small ants such as all-anoplophora gigas are bred, the nutrient substances obtained by the ants are separately eaten by the mites, the quality of eggs and larvae is reduced, and the egg laying rate of the ants is obviously reduced. Over time, the numbers of mites grow exponentially until the ant colony dies. In addition, the heat preservation effect of the ecological soil nest and the sand nest is quite common, but is superior to a water plugging test tube nest and a test tube nest with a support.

The gypsum nest, the aerated brick nest and the concrete nest belong to one category, the principle is similar, and only the materials of the nests are different. Compared with the three types of nests, the gypsum nest has the advantages of lowest cost, easy manufacture and high prices of the aerated brick nest and the concrete nest. The three ant nests have higher hardness, so that the ants can be prevented from being pierced and bitten through, and meanwhile, a moisturizing medium is provided to facilitate spawning. The three materials have the property of humidity conduction, are beneficial to controlling the humidity of the living environment of ants and realizing the effect of dry-wet separation, are ant nests which are more suitable for the life and the propagation of ants in the prior art, but have prominent defects. On one hand, the gypsum and the aerated brick after water absorption provide good media for the growth of microorganisms, and when food is stacked on ants, the food deterioration rate is accelerated, bacteria are bred, and even the food is mildewed. Not only brings hidden troubles to the development of ant colony, but also influences the aesthetic property of the ant nest and reduces the ornamental value. Although the probability of mildewing is greatly reduced compared with the former two, the concrete nest can not achieve the effect of heat preservation. When the outside air temperature is lowered or raised, the air temperature inside the ant nest can be changed.

For example, the three-dimensional acrylic ant nest disclosed in CN207544104U has the characteristics of highly transparent shell and customizable shape, which not only satisfies the psychology of ant lovers to ant nest DIY, but also is very convenient for observation. Meanwhile, the acrylic plate can effectively inhibit mildew and mites from breeding and has a certain moisturizing function. Compared with the present invention, the ant nest disclosed in CN207544104U cannot adjust humidity relatively accurately, and therefore, is not suitable for raising various ants. In addition, when the season changes, the external environment temperature changes, so that the acrylic moisturizing nest can only be used for breeding ant varieties which are close to the local climate. If the most comfortable temperature environment of ants with the temperature of 26-30 ℃ is to be maintained, auxiliary heating equipment needs to be added outside the acrylic moisturizing nest or an air conditioner needs to be started in the breeding process. On the other hand, in cold weather, the air conditioner is started for a long time in the temperature range, so that a large amount of electric energy is consumed, and unnecessary waste is caused. On the other hand, the suitable temperature for ants to live is higher than that in human rooms, and people feel dry heat and discomfort in the environment. More importantly, if the electric heater is started to heat up, the electric energy consumption is huge and the electric heater cannot keep running for a long time; if the temperature is raised by using low-power auxiliary heating equipment such as an external electric heating mat and the like, the placing position and the distance of the acrylic moisturizing nest are difficult to determine, the placing position is far away, so that the temperature of the ant nest is still low, the placing position is near, the temperature of the ant nest can be quickly raised or overheated to cause the phenomenon that ants are roasted, and the whole ant colony can be seriously killed.

It can be seen that these artificial ant nests, although each has advantages, have significant disadvantages. In addition, all the ant nests can achieve a certain degree of humidity control, but cannot achieve temperature regulation. If external temperature control equipment is used, various problems can be brought, the temperature directly influences the living behaviors of ants, and the types of the ants which can be fed in the ant nests are greatly reduced, for example, ant enthusiasts in northern areas cannot feed the ants in southern areas, and the ants can be frozen to death after the temperature is reduced in winter. In addition, if the temperature can be maintained at 26-30 degrees, most ants can be kept in the best health state, the behavior activities of predation and reproduction are more frequent, so that the breeders can observe the activities of the ants more easily, and the breeding and the growth of ant colonies are facilitated. Meanwhile, relevant research work can be more easily, more energy-saving and more stably carried out when relevant research is carried out on ants by a biological laboratory or a scientific research institute.

In contrast to the inorganic hydrated salts disclosed in documents such as CN107574982A, the present invention uses calcium chloride hexahydrate as PCM material, which is identified as the best material for formicary thermostating after verification and analysis, for reasons including 4 aspects:

1. is non-toxic and harmless;

2. the phase transition temperature is 29.92 ℃, and the most suitable survival temperature of most ant species is met;

3. the low density can not increase the burden of the ant nest structure and is not easy to melt and seep out liquid;

4. low cost and wide source.

In addition, in the current technology, although some constant temperature raising technologies are applied to pet climbing fields including ants, the disadvantages of the widely applied technologies on the market are obvious. For example, CN107279065A discloses an ant breeding nest, which comprises two splicing bodies, a moisture preservation device, a heating device, a lighting device, etc. However, the ant nest including CN107279065A with the so-called "temperature control" function can only achieve more accurate temperature control in the area near the temperature control probe through the thermostat, but cannot ensure the temperature of the whole nest body to be relatively constant, mainly for two reasons: on one hand, the PCM phase-change material which plays a role in constant temperature control in the prior art does not have the similar effects of temperature control and temperature control only by means of a temperature controller and a heating device, so that the temperature of a direct heating position is too high, the temperature of an area which is indirectly heated or has a small heating area is lower, when the temperature difference between the outside and the inside of a nest is large, the phenomenon is worse, and the ant colony is panic due to uneven heating and sudden cooling and heat of the ant nest, so that the damages such as sudden death of ants, sudden death of ants after the ants, sudden reduction of the number of the ant colony population and the like are brought; on the other hand, the ant nests do not have enough heat preservation measures, so that heat transfer is fast, overheating in the ant nests is easily caused at high external temperature, the temperature in the ant nests is easily too low at low external temperature, and the trend of uneven temperature field distribution in the ant nests is aggravated. In order to highlight the necessity of using PCM material and the reasonability of the designed ant nest structure, two 'constant temperature nests' with higher market sales are purchased for experimental tests. Testing in an environment with an external temperature of 10 ℃, controlling the temperature control temperature at 29 ℃, testing for 12 hours, detecting the temperature in the nest by using the same electronic thermometer with the precision of 0.1 ℃, and finding that the temperatures close to the temperature probe of the temperature controller are respectively 30.6 ℃ and 28.3 ℃, the lowest temperatures in the ant nest are respectively 13.3 ℃ and 15.2 ℃, both are lower than 20 ℃, and the difference value between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in the ant nest exceeds 10 ℃; meanwhile, the fact that no energy storage PCM material or heat insulation material is used is found, in the prior art, the ant nest which is constant in temperature is realized only by the temperature controller, huge electric energy is consumed, and the electric meter displays that the two ant nests run at full power in the whole process in the experimental test stage. The test result shows that the characteristic of constant temperature control of the PCM material is not utilized, on one hand, the thermostat is only used, once the thermostat is opened, dependence is formed, the thermostat needs to be continuously opened day and night, more electric energy is consumed, unnecessary resource waste is caused, on the other hand, the proper PCM material can realize the temperature control function by utilizing the physical and chemical properties of the thermostat, on the other hand, the thermostat can not control the temperature to maintain the temperature of each part in the nest to be relatively stable, when the temperature difference between the external temperature and the set temperature is larger, the thermostat can only ensure that the temperature of a temperature probe of the thermostat is the set temperature, when the area of the ant nest is increased, the defect of using the constant temperature nest of the thermostat is more obvious, the invention can maintain the temperature of each part of the ant nest to be relatively stable, and the physical temperature field is relatively verified through numerical simulation.

For example, CN110558287A discloses an ant cultivation observation box with a double-layer structure, which comprises: comprises a base 1, a transparent container 2, a transparent box body and the like, wherein the transparent container 2 is filled with transparent solid seaweed gel, and ants dig nests on the filled transparent solid seaweed gel. According to the contents of the invention, the environment medium for the ants to live in the invention is transparent solid seaweed gel, although the ant punching process can be observed, the humidity of the nest body which is kept stable throughout the year is not required to be added with water, and the ant growth medium has rich nutrition, the ant growth medium is not suitable for long-term feeding and scientific culture experiments of the ants, and the reasons are as follows:

1. the transparent solid seaweed gel is seaweed hydrogel, has high water content, can realize the moisturizing function, but has overhigh humidity and is not suitable for most ants to live; when the outside temperature changes, water in the gel can permeate into the nest, so that ants and eggs are drowned; in the invention, a heating device 10 (thin heating sheet) is arranged in the base 1, a heat conducting pad 11 is arranged on the bottom wall of the transparent container 2, the heat conducting pad 11 enables the heat of the heating device 10 to heat the transparent container, when the transparent container is heated, the moisture escape rate is higher, and the probability of flooding ants and eggs is higher;

2. when the heating process and the external temperature are high or the service life is long, the moisture of the gel can escape, the gel body shrinks, gaps appear after shrinkage, the ant nest structure can be damaged, the phenomenon of collapse is caused locally or even in a large area, ant colony survival is damaged, the ant colony is influenced attractively, and observation is not convenient.

3. Because of the characteristics of high humidity and high nutrition of the gel, the phenomena of mold in the nest and mite breeding are easy to occur after long-term use. When ants are fed with other matters, most ants move part of food back to nests for storage, which aggravates the progress of mildew and germ growth. The gel in the nest is difficult to replace from the moment when the ant colony enters the gel nest initially, and the survival and development of the ant colony are influenced inevitably after the growth of the mould reaches a certain amount;

4. although the transparent solid seaweed gel has high nutritive value, the processing safety is difficult to ensure in the actual production, and particularly, the quality of the gel material used in ant workshops made of some gels on the market is difficult to ensure, so that the ant poisoning and death are all the cases. Therefore, based on the above four points, the gel ant nest cannot meet the basic requirement of long-term ant feeding.

In view of the above, there is a need for a new artificial feeding ant nest that can solve all the above-mentioned deficiencies to the greatest extent.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of the existing artificial pet ant nest, the invention provides the novel artificial feeding ant nest adopting the PCM phase-change material, which has the advantages of stable and controllable temperature and humidity in the ant nest, low energy consumption, good observation, mildew resistance, mite resistance, dry-wet separation, easiness in feeding food, residue cleaning and the like.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

A PCM constant temperature ant nest suitable for multiple ant species comprises the following structural components: the device comprises a heat preservation and shock absorption layer (1), an electric heating pad (2), a water storage and moisture preservation wall (3), a water injection bent pipe (4), a dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), a sealing ring (6), a ant nest heat preservation wall (7), a detachable red semitransparent light screen (8), an ant nest expansion port (9), an acrylic wall surface (10), an intelligent hygrothermograph (11), a stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12), a PVA moisture preservation sponge (13), a moisture blocking plate (14), a dry-wet separation slope (15), a PCM material filling area (16), a concrete moisture preservation layer (17), an ant nest inlet (18), a moisture transfer hole (19) and a warm light LED lamp (20); the heat-preservation cushioning layer (1) is positioned at the lowest part of the whole nest body, the upper part of the heat-preservation cushioning layer is an electric heating pad (2) capable of adjusting power, the upper part of the electric heating pad (2) is a water storage and moisture preservation wall (3), an opening at one side of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is connected with a water injection bent pipe (4), and a dry-wet separation slope (15) is arranged in the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3); the upper part of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is a humidity adjusting structure layer which is formed by a dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), a sealing ring (6), PVA moisture preservation sponge (13), a moisture blocking plate (14) and moisture transfer holes (19) together; the ant nest heat-insulation wall (7) is positioned on the humidity adjusting structure layer, a PCM material filling area (16) and a concrete moisturizing layer (17) inside the ant nest heat-insulation wall (7) form an ant nest structure layer, and a detachable red semitransparent light screen (8) covers the upper part of the ant nest structure layer; the acrylic wall surface (10) is positioned at the upper part of the humidity adjusting structure layer to form a quadrangular shell to form an ant nest moving area; the side of the quadrangular shell is provided with three ant nest expansion ports (9) and an intelligent hygrothermograph (11), two rectangular square holes with different sizes are formed in the top of the quadrangular shell, and a stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12) and a warm light LED lamp (20) which can be opened are respectively installed.

Furthermore, the heat-preservation cushioning layer (1) is made of EPE pearl wool with the thickness of more than 12mm, the heat conductivity coefficient of less than 0.02W/(m.K) and the shrinkage rate of less than 0.5% at 50 ℃, and the electric heating pad (2) can adjust the heating power within the range of 0-28W.

Furthermore, the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is made of transparent plastics made of PS materials, the slope angle of the dry-wet separation slope (15) is 6-8 degrees, a water storage space enclosed by the dry-wet separation slope is filled with a proper amount of gravel and gravel, a round hole is formed in one side, located at the slope valley of the dry-wet separation slope (15), of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) and is connected with a water injection bent pipe (4), and the top of the water injection bent pipe (4) is designed to be in a funnel shape so as to facilitate water injection; the sealing ring (6) surrounds the peripheries of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) and the moisture blocking plate (14) to prevent water vapor from escaping, the area of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is 1/4 of the bottom area of the whole ant nest, and the periphery of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is adhered to the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) through hot melt adhesive to prevent the PVA moisturizing sponge from sliding into a water pool surrounded by the water storage moisturizing wall (3); moisture can be prevented to spreading in the ant nest by moisture barrier plate (14), moisture transfer hole (19) of long and thin rectangle are seted up on the upper portion that lies in PVA moisturizing sponge (13) in moisture barrier plate (14), moisture transfer hole (19) can make moisture to the ant nest internal diffusion.

Further, the structural design of ant nest is the stacked structure, the stacked structure is through bionical design, the stacked structure bottom is concrete moisturizing layer (17), and the middle part is PCM material filling area (16), and the top is detachable red translucent light screen (8).

Furthermore, the ant nest heat-insulating wall (7) is made of hard polyurethane with the heat conductivity coefficient smaller than 0.023W/(m.K), the outer wall of the PCM material filling area (16) is made of acrylic material, and the PCM material in the PCM material filling area (16) is CaCl₂·6H₂O, white or off-white crystals at room temperature, density 1.71g/cm3, melting point 29.92 ℃.

Furthermore, the ant nest expansion ports (9) are provided in three, the acrylic wall surface (10) close to one side of the ant nest structure layer is not provided with the ant nest expansion ports (9), and the side surfaces of the other three acrylic wall surfaces (10) are respectively provided with a circular ant nest expansion port (9) with the circle center positioned 8mm above the bottom surface, the radius of the circular ant nest expansion port being 5mm and the center in the horizontal direction; the intelligent hygrothermograph (11) is arranged at one side of the ant nest active area close to the ant nest structure layer, and the vertical direction of the intelligent hygrothermograph is positioned on the upper side of the middle part; the intelligent hygrothermograph (11) displays the temperature and humidity inside the ant nest, and transmits data to the mobile phone APP through the Bluetooth gateway, so that the real-time monitoring of the temperature and humidity data of the ant nest is realized; the breathable net material of the breathable feeding port (12) of the stainless steel net is 304 stainless steel, the mesh number is 100 meshes, the breathable net material is clamped by an upper acrylic plate and a lower acrylic plate, various ants can be prevented from escaping from the ant nest, and a warm light LED lamp (20) is installed on one side, close to the ant nest inlet (18), of the side of the breathable feeding port (12) of the stainless steel net.

A construction method of a PCM constant-temperature ant nest suitable for multiple ant species comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: EPE pearl cotton with the thermal conductivity coefficient of less than 0.02W/(m.K), the shrinkage rate of less than 0.5% at 50 ℃ and the thickness of 12-20 mm is used as a heat-preservation cushioning layer (1) and is paved right below the whole ant nest; the upper surface of the heat-preservation and shock-absorption layer (1) is coated with hot melt adhesive and is adhered to the electric heating pad (2) with the same area; the electric heating pad (2) has a power adjusting function, a two-hole plug or a USB interface is adopted for supplying power, and the power adjusting range is 0-28W;

step two: the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is formed by an integrally formed transparent plastic box made of PS materials without a top cover, the area of the bottom surface of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is equal to the size of the electric heating pad (2), and the water storage and moisture preservation wall has a sealing function and prevents liquid and water vapor from seeping downwards; the bottom surface of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is adhered to the electric heating pad (2) through hot melt adhesive, and the melting temperature of the hot melt adhesive is 220 ℃; a dry-wet separation slope (15) is arranged in the inner space of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3), the slope angle of the dry-wet separation slope (15) is 6-8 degrees, and a space surrounded by the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) and the dry-wet separation slope (15) is filled with a proper amount of gravel and gravel; the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) far away from the ant nest inlet is punched through machining and is connected with a water injection bent pipe (4); the water filling opening of the water filling elbow pipe (4) is funnel-shaped, so that water can be conveniently filled, and the water filling elbow pipe (4) is connected with the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) through threads or sealed by hot melt adhesive, so that the water filling process is prevented from leakage; the internal condition is observed through the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) of the PS material in the water adding process, so that the water adding amount can be conveniently adjusted according to the humidity;

step three: four square acrylic plates are selected and bonded by acrylic glue to form a dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), or a long acrylic plate is heated to 70-100 ℃ and then bent and shaped by a hot bending technology; the area of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is 1/4 of the bottom area of the whole ant nest, and the moisture blocking plate (14) occupies the other area 3/4; the fixing wall (5) of the dry-wet separation layer is used for supporting and fixing the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) and the moisture blocking plate (14), and the fixing is finished through a hot melt adhesive bonding process; the thickness of the PVA moisture-preserving sponge (13) is smaller than that of the moisture-blocking plate (14), after the hot melt adhesive is dried, an acrylic cover plate which has the same area as the PVA moisture-preserving sponge (13) and is provided with moisture transmission holes (19) is covered on the upper part of the PVA moisture-preserving sponge (13), and the upper surface of the PVA moisture-preserving sponge is just positioned on the same plane with the upper surface of the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) and the moisture-blocking plate (14); the processing method of the moisture transfer holes (19) adopts a laser cutting method, when a laser beam irradiates the surface of the acrylic plate, the laser releases energy to melt acrylic to finish the cutting of the moisture transfer holes (19); after the processing is finished, the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) and the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) are overlapped and installed, a gap of 0.5-1.5 mm is reserved between the wet air blocking plate (14) and the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), and a rubber ring is added at the gap to increase the sliding damping;

step four: selecting high-density rigid polyurethane plastic foam to manufacture the ant nest heat-insulating wall (7), pouring a proper amount of prepared concrete into the ant nest heat-insulating wall (7), and immediately covering the upper part of a concrete moisture-preserving layer (17) with a prepared PCM material filling area (16) and tightly pressing without leaving a gap; the wall material of the PCM material filling area (16) is acrylic, and is processed into a bionic structure through a hot bending process, a laser cutting method or a CNC (computerized numerical control) machine tool; the interior of the PCM material filling region (16) is filled with CaCl₂·6H₂O is used as a phase-change heat-insulation material, small holes are formed for filling, and the small holes are sealed through sealant after filling is completed, so that the phase-change material is prevented from being melted into liquid and then leaking; taking out the mould by using a sucker after the concrete is shapedA detachable red semitransparent shading plate (8) is added, and the detachable red semitransparent shading plate (8) is made of red acrylic materials;

step five: forming three ant nest expansion openings (9) on the polished transparent acrylic plate by a mechanical drilling method, wherein the ant nest expansion openings (9) are not formed on the acrylic wall surface (10) close to one side of the ant nest structure layer, and the side surfaces of the other three acrylic wall surfaces (10) are respectively formed; the circle center of the ant nest expansion port (9) is positioned 8mm above the acrylic wall surface (10) of the bottom surface, the diameter of the opening is 10mm, and the position is centered in the horizontal direction; a square hole is formed in the side wall of one acrylic wall surface (10), an intelligent hygrothermograph (11) is installed at the opening of the square hole, the intelligent hygrothermograph (11) displays the internal temperature and humidity of the ant nest, and data are transmitted to a mobile phone APP through a Bluetooth gateway, so that the real-time monitoring of the temperature and humidity data of the ant nest is realized; the top of the quadrangular shell is provided with a large rectangular square hole and a small rectangular square hole by a laser cutting method, a stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12) is arranged at the large rectangular square hole, the stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12) is two acrylic plates which are large and small and are provided with holes in the middle, a breathable net is tightly pressed and fixed in the middle, the pressed part is sealed by hot melt adhesive, the breathable net is made of 304 stainless steel, the mesh number is 100, the ventilating effect is achieved, ants of various body types are prevented from escaping from an ant nest, and the breathable net is detached during feeding; a warm light LED lamp (20) is mounted on one side, close to the ant nest inlet (18), beside the stainless steel mesh breathable feeding port (12), the power of the warm light LED lamp (20) can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and a button battery, a USB (universal serial bus) wire or a plug is selected as a power supply mode; an anti-escape liquid prepared from 8000-10000 meshes of talcum powder 1:1 in proportion and medical alcohol or paraffin oil is coated on the acrylic wall surface close to the top.

A feeding method of ants in a PCM constant-temperature ant nest suitable for multiple ant species comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining the variety of the raised ants, and acquiring the habitat environmental characteristics of the ants to obtain the proper living temperature and humidity information of the ants;

step two: the water feeder or the external garbage area is connected through the ant nest expansion port (9), and redundant expansion ports of the ant nest are plugged through plastic plugs or rubber plugs; according to the temperature and humidity information obtained in the first step, the interior of the ant nest is adjusted through the ant nest environment adjusting function, and meanwhile, an intelligent hygrothermograph (11) in the ant nest is observed or temperature and humidity information and a variation curve are obtained through a mobile phone APP; after 30min, when the temperature changes less than 0.1 ℃ every 10min and the humidity changes less than 1% within 10min, the ant colony nest entering operation is carried out; selecting a plurality of high-quality healthy fertilized ants, a plurality of workers and ant eggs and young ants to be placed in an ant nest active area;

step three: after ants enter the nest, taking the ant and all ant eggs and young ants enter the nest chamber for 10-15 min as reference, taking down the air-permeable feeding port (12) of the stainless steel net, and feeding food;

step four: observing the activity conditions of the ant and worker ants in the ant nest, if the ant is fixed in one nest chamber in the ant nest, the worker ants can return to the nest chamber to feed the ant after obtaining food, which indicates that the ant colony successfully enters the nest chamber, and the interference to the ant nest is reduced in the next day;

step five: feeding the food every 2-3 days, wherein the feeding amount is determined according to the number of communities, and taking out the rest food every other day by using tweezers to avoid rotting and mildewing and breeding mites; when the external temperature changes in a small range, CaCl is used₂·6H₂O is used as PCM material, the internal temperature of the ant nest does not change obviously, and the constant temperature of 29-30 ℃ can be realized under the condition that the external temperature does not change violently; when the temperature in the ant nest is observed to be low, the temperature change is realized by gradually and slowly adjusting the power of the electric heating pad; meanwhile, the water content in the water storage structure is seen through the transparent shell, and when the humidity is insufficient, a syringe or a dropper is used for injecting water from the water injection bent pipe (4) for humidification;

step six: when the oviposition behavior is recovered after the ant is observed, the feeding of food rich in protein is properly increased, which is beneficial to the increase of the yield after the ant is produced;

step seven: and (5) repeating the fifth step and the sixth step in the subsequent feeding, and observing that new workers and breeding ants break cocoons.

The invention relates to a PCM constant-temperature nest suitable for multiple ant species, which mainly comprises two layers and one area: the two layers are respectively an internal nest environment adjusting layer and an ant nest structure layer, and the first zone is an expandable feeding active zone. The in-nest environment adjusting layer is formed by combining a heating cushioning structure layer and a humidity adjusting structure layer, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2. Specifically, the heating and cushioning structure layer consists of a heat preservation and cushioning layer (1) and an electric heating pad (2). The humidity adjusting structure layer is composed of a water storage and moisture preservation wall (3), a water injection bent pipe (4), a dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), a sealing ring (6), PVA moisture preservation sponge (13), a moisture blocking plate (14), a dry-wet separation slope (15) and moisture transfer holes (19), and the humidity adjusting structure layer and a concrete moisture preservation layer (17) in the cell room jointly form the water storage and moisture preservation layer, as shown in fig. 3, 4A and 4B. The feeding activity area is composed of a detachable red semitransparent shading plate (8), an ant nest expansion port (9), an acrylic wall surface (10), an intelligent hygrothermograph (11), a stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12) and a warm light LED lamp (20). The ant nest expansion openings (9) are not formed in the acrylic wall surfaces (10) close to one side of the nest chamber, and the ant nest expansion openings (9) are formed in the acrylic wall surfaces (10) of the other three side surfaces and located in the feeding activity area.

The top of the acrylic wall surface (10) is provided with a large rectangular opening and a small rectangular opening, the large rectangular opening is provided with a stainless steel net breathable feeding opening (12), and the small rectangular opening is provided with a warm light LED (20). The stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12) is formed by two acrylic plates and a 304 stainless steel net with 100 meshes through glue adhesion, as shown in fig. 5A and 5B, the area of the upper acrylic plate is large, the stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12) can be suspended on a rectangular opening formed in the top of the acrylic wall surface (10), and the acrylic plate on the lower portion and the rectangular opening formed in the lower portion are the same in size. The structure is pressed on the acrylic wall (10) at the top of the feeding activity area under the action of gravity in daily feeding, and has the functions of ventilation and ant escape prevention. When feeding food, this structure can conveniently be taken off, can put it back after the completion of throwing something and feeding. The ant nest structure layer consists of ant nest heat-insulating walls (7), PCM material filling areas (16), concrete moisture-preserving layers (17) and ant nest inlets (18), as shown in figures 1, 2, 6 and 7. The PCM material filling area (16) is located right above the concrete moisturizing layer (17), the PCM material filling area (16) is provided with connecting channels among all cells, the concrete moisturizing layer (17) only keeps a bionic cell structure, and the concrete moisturizing layer has good humidity transfer and dry-wet separation effects and can provide ideal oviposition media for the queen ants.

The heat preservation and shock absorption layer (1) adopts EPE pearl cotton with the heat conductivity coefficient less than 0.02W/(m.K), as shown in figure 1 and figure 2. The thickness of the heat-preservation cushioning layer (1) is larger than 12mm, and the sufficient heat-preservation performance of the bottom area of the ant nest can be guaranteed. The selected EPE pearl cotton material meets the standard that the shrinkage rate is less than 0.5% when the temperature is 50 ℃, and the ant nest can be ensured not to collapse or sink under the heating environment.

The electric heating pad (2) in the PCM constant-temperature nest suitable for multiple ant species can adjust the heating power by using the knob through calibrated digital scales and can adjust according to the temperature in the ant nest. When the temperature in the ant nest is lower, the heating power is moderately increased; when the temperature in the ant nest is slightly lower than the optimal temperature, the heating power can be reduced moderately or the heating can be turned off. The temperature and humidity data accessible in the ant nest observe the temperature and humidity data and the temperature and humidity data of intelligence (11) show that the figure acquires, simultaneously intelligence temperature and humidity meter (11) have bluetooth function, can be with the temperature in the ant nest and humidity data regularly save and share for the equipment that has bluetooth function such as cell-phone through bluetooth data transmission, the person of being convenient for raise observes ant nest internal environment situation in real time to be convenient for in time make the adjustment.

The invention relates to a PCM constant-temperature nest suitable for multiple ant species, which comprises a water storage and moisturizing system, wherein the system comprises: the water storage and moisture preservation device comprises a water storage and moisture preservation wall (3), a water injection bent pipe (4), a dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), a sealing ring (6), PVA moisture preservation sponge (13), a moisture blocking plate (14), a dry-wet separation slope (15) and moisture transfer holes (19), as shown in figures 3, 4A, 4B and 7. The water storage and moisture retention wall (3) is made of acrylic materials on a bottom surface and four side surfaces, can provide structural support for the whole water storage and moisture retention system, forms a water storage chamber, and is provided with a dry-wet separation slope (15) as shown in figure 3. Be located keeping away from one side water storage moisturizing wall (3) of ant nest entry (18) and set up the aperture and connect water injection return bend (4) by last region, water injection return bend (4) top structure is the infundibulate, can conveniently inwards add water, because the wall of water storage moisturizing wall is transparent ya keli material, can judge humidity when inside fine stone gravel colour is shallow and easily slide very low, can judge humidity when inside fine stone gravel colour is darker and be difficult to slide higher, so on the colour and the slip condition adjustment water feeding volume of inside fine stone gravel of accessible observation. Appropriate amount of fine stone gravel is filled in the water storage cavity for moisturizing, and the liquid inside when the ant nest moves can be prevented from shaking. A sealing ring (6) is fixed between the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) and the ant nest heat-insulating wall (7) for tight structural matching, and the device has the functions of preventing water loss and blocking moisture from escaping. Do wet separation layer fixed wall (5) and be located water storage moisturizing wall (3) directly over, do wet separation layer fixed wall (5) comprise the ya keli material of four sides, do wet separation layer fixed wall (5) lateral wall is inside to be kept wet sponge (13) and moisture blocking plate (14) through hot melt adhesive adhesion PVA. Specifically, the thickness of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is smaller than that of the moisture blocking plate (14) on the side surface, and the upper part of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is attached with the moisture blocking plate (14) which has the same area as the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) and is provided with moisture transmission holes (19), as shown in FIG. 4B. The moisture blocking plate (14) is made of PP plastic and can be processed into a sliding groove push-and-pull mode during processing, the length of the push-and-pull mode is larger than 0.5mm and smaller than 1.5mm, the push-and-pull mode is used for manually adjusting the opening degree of the moisture transfer holes (19), the relative humidity in the ant nest can be adjusted more accurately, and therefore the humidity adjusting function of the water storage and moisturizing structure is enhanced. In addition, the water storage and moisturizing sponge can be coordinated and matched with the heating structure of the ant nest, when the heating power is increased, the water in the water storage and moisturizing structure can be evaporated at an accelerated speed, and the water vapor can be absorbed by the PVA moisturizing sponge (13). The adjustable moisture transfer holes (19) can prevent ants from being baked due to excessive drying in the heating process and prevent ants from being steamed due to excessive moisture caused by rapid evaporation of water vapor in the heating process. This design is superior to the main points of climbing pet constant temperature raising technique in the current market, and is good through test effect, both easily makes processing, practices thrift the cost, also can provide suitable controllable humidity environment, characterized by for ant nest inside: the humidity is easy to regulate and control, the moisturizing effect is good, the duration is long, and the stability is good. The raiser can adjust the environment from the interior of the ant nest to the optimal living environment of the ant species through the design according to the living habits of different ant species.

The invention provides a new scheme that the inner side wall surface of a cell is formed by stacking double-layer structures, which is characterized in that the lower layer is a concrete layer without a connecting cell channel, and the upper layer is a PCM heat-insulating material layer with a connecting cell channel, as shown in figures 6 and 7. The inner wall of the concrete layer of the lower layer absorbs the water vapor diffused from the moisture transfer holes (19) at the bottom to become damp, and provides the medium humidity necessary for the ants to lay eggs. Meanwhile, the combination of the concrete and the acrylic can effectively reduce the phenomena of mildew and mite breeding compared with gypsum, aerated brick and pure concrete. Closely attached to the upper part of the concrete layer is a PCM material heat-insulating layer, and calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl) is filled in the PCM material heat-insulating layer₂·6H₂O) is used as a phase-change material, and the outer wall surface is made of acrylic material, so that the PCM material can be separated from the ant living nest, the ants can be prevented from swallowing and carrying the PCM material by mistake, and the ant colony can be prevented from being drowned by liquid after the PCM is melted. The use of calcium chloride hexahydrate as the PCM material in the present invention is mainly based on the following 4 aspects: 1. the feed additive is non-toxic and harmless, and does not cause harm to ant colony and environment; 2.CaCl₂·6H₂The phase change temperature of O is 29.92 ℃, the relative balance state of the environmental temperature in the ant nest is maintained at about 30 ℃ by utilizing the phase change latent heat and the larger specific heat capacity of the material, the temperature is very ideal for all life activities of most ant colonies, and the cold-resistant northern ant species can be fed, and the requirement of the southern ant species with higher temperature requirement can be realized; 3. the density is lower, is only 1.71g/cm3, does not increase the burden of the ant nest structure and excessively increase the weight of the ant nest, and is not easy to melt and seep out liquid; 4. the material has low cost, wide source and easy preparation, is beneficial to reducing the material cost of the invention and is beneficial to batch production; 5. the material is white or grey white crystal at normal temperature, is filled in transparent acrylic to be clean and thoroughly picked, and enhances the aesthetic property of an ant nest. Based on the above, the PCM material can be judged to be very suitable for being applied to the ant nest, and no data at present indicates that CaCl is available₂·6H₂O as PCM materialThe application in raising ants, climbing pets and the like.

The upper part of the ant nest chamber is covered with a detachable red semitransparent shading plate (8), the reason for selecting red is that most ants are not sensitive to light with the wavelength of more than 630-650 nm, and the wavelength range of red light is 625-740 nm, so the detachable red semitransparent shading plate (8) can hardly disturb the ants when the external light changes suddenly, and does not prevent a feeder from observing the activities of the ants and the egg and larva conditions in the ant nest. Besides the shading function, the detachable red semitransparent shading plate (8) also has the following functions: the novel ant nest has the advantages of providing a safe sheltering environment for ant nests, preventing ants from escaping, conveniently taking away or adding eggs and cocoons, conveniently replacing the nests, combining the ants, having a certain heat preservation effect and the like.

The warm light LED (20) positioned at the top of the feeding activity area can provide illumination for the ant nest, so that the ants can be observed conveniently at night, and the attractiveness of the ant nest is improved. When the ant nest is in the shade for a long time, the warm light LED (20) can be switched on to ensure that the ants absorb light and heat from the warm light LED, and the ant colony is promoted to be preyed in the feeding activity area. When the external environment temperature is suitable, the LED lamp with low power (1-3W) can be selected, and when the external environment temperature is low enough, the ceramic lamp with high replaceable power can be used for auxiliary heating of the feeding active area to make up for insufficient heat preservation of the feeding active area.

Three ant nest expansion openings (9) with the radius of 5mm are formed in the feeding activity area, and the openings are horizontally centered and 8mm upwards from the bottom of an acrylic wall surface (10) on three sides. The ant nest expansion port (9) can be connected with an external ant water feeder and a garbage area, and can also be connected with a new nest through a silica gel hose or a water-cooling pipe with the outer diameter of 10mm when the number of ant colonies exceeds the upper limit of the nest.

In order to reflect the influence of temperature on the life of ant population, the necessity of temperature control and constant temperature of the invention is proved, and the speed and the success rate of breeding offspring are selected as the measuring standard. The healthy ant colony of the same species is selected as a control, and according to the comparison experiment result, the egg laying rate of the ant after being fed with the same species of ant nest and sufficient food at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the suitable humidity is improved by 220-740% compared with that at the temperature of 18 ℃ and the suitable humidity. And respectively selecting 10 cocoons which are just cocoons as a reference, wherein the quantity of workers caring for cocoons is the same, other conditions are controlled to be the same, after the waiting period of three weeks, the quantity of cocoons which incubate workers at 18 ℃ and under the condition of proper humidity is 2, and all the cocoons which incubate at 30 ℃ and under the condition of proper humidity are completely incubated. When the temperature is lower than 14 ℃, the phenomenon of sterilization appears after the ants are killed, and when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the death rate of the worker ants is greatly increased.

In the invention, CaCl is selected₂·6H₂The O is used as PCM material and is matched with the electric heating pad with adjustable power and low energy consumption, so that excellent temperature control effect can be realized. In order to test the temperature control and constant temperature effect and the feasibility and the innovation of the design scheme, ANSYS Fluent 2021R1 software is adopted, initialization and boundary condition setting are carried out through UDF (user defined function), CaCl is introduced₂·6H₂And performing computer double-precision three-dimensional numerical simulation on various physical properties required in the O numerical calculation. According to simulation result data, when the external environment temperature is as low as 10 ℃, the power of the heating pad is adjusted to be 25W, after the heating is continued for 30min, the temperature change of the ant nest is less than 1% within three minutes, the ant nest is regarded as a thermal equilibrium state, the temperature cloud chart in the ant nest is shown in fig. 8A, the highest temperature in the nest is 31.06 ℃ at the bottom, the low temperature area in the nest is at the top and the inlet of the ant nest, and the lowest temperature is 26.21 ℃; when the external environment temperature is 20 ℃, the power of the heating pad is adjusted to be 8W, and after the equilibrium state of the above standard is achieved, the temperature cloud graph inside the ant nest is shown as fig. 8B, at the moment, the highest temperature in the nest is 30.27 ℃, and the low temperature zones at the top of the nest and the inlet of the ant nest are 28.51 ℃; when the external environment temperature is 40 ℃, the heating pad is closed, and after the equilibrium state of the above standard is reached, the temperature cloud graph inside the ant nest is shown in fig. 8C, at this time, the high-temperature area in the nest is positioned at the top and the area of the inlet of the ant nest, the highest temperature is 32.96 ℃, and the temperature of the rest areas in the nest is kept at about 30 ℃. Therefore, the PCM constant-temperature nest applicable to multiple ant species has a good constant-temperature effect, can realize the characteristic that the temperature in the nest is suitable for ants to live and is stable and controllable, and can greatly promote the healthy development and the offspring propagation of ant colonies.

The temperature controllable range of the invention includes but is not limited to 15-38 ℃, the humidity controllable range includes 0 RH% -100 RH%, and the invention covers the living environment of the ant colony. The concrete is combined with the acrylic to provide a cocooning medium for ant species including the genus Neisseria, and also to provide firm and moist nests for various ant species. The minimum width of the designed nest channel is more than 9.3mm, and the designed nest channel can pass through the backs of large ants such as Japanese bow-backed ants. The raiser can adjust the heating pad power, the water storage capacity, the opening degree of the moisture transfer hole and other structures according to the living habits of the raised ants, so that the interior of the ant nest can achieve the optimal living environment of the ant species. Therefore, the present invention can be suitably used for raising a plurality of ant species. The present invention is not applicable to a few species of ants including the species of the Indian Muntjac ants, but can be applied to almost all other endemic ants and to most species of ants including the species of the Dencky back of the tree, etc., because of the habit of tree-inhabiting ants.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a positive three-dimensional structure of a PCM constant-temperature nest suitable for multiple ant species according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the back three-dimensional structure of a PCM thermostatic nest suitable for multiple ant species according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the water storage and moisture preservation system of the PCM constant-temperature nest applicable to multiple ant species, which omits a moisture-blocking plate, moisture transfer holes and a concrete layer and is formed by the rest.

Fig. 4A and 4B are a plan view of a moisture blocking plate including moisture transfer holes and an assembled front view of the moisture blocking plate and a PVA sponge, omitting a concrete layer, of a water storage and moisturizing system of a PCM thermostatic nest for a plurality of ant species according to the present invention.

Fig. 5A and 5B are a schematic three-dimensional structure and a front view of a stainless steel net air-permeable feeding port of a PCM constant-temperature nest suitable for a plurality of ant species according to the present invention, respectively.

Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of an ant nest structure layer of the present invention, which is suitable for a PCM constant temperature nest of multiple ant species and is not covered by a detachable red translucent light shielding plate.

Fig. 7 is a top view of a PCM thermostatic cartridge for a plurality of ant species according to the present invention.

Fig. 8A, 8B and 8C are three-dimensional cloud charts of double-precision computer numerical value calculation simulation temperature of the constant temperature effect of the PCM constant temperature nest suitable for multiple ant species. Wherein the ambient temperature corresponding to FIG. 8A is 10 deg.C and the heating pad power is 25W; FIG. 8B shows the corresponding ambient temperature of 20 deg.C and heating pad power of 8W; fig. 8C corresponds to an ambient temperature of 40℃ with the heating mat in the closed position.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: heat preservation bradyseism layer (1), electric heating pad (2), water storage moisturizing wall (3), water injection return bend (4), dry wet separation layer fixed wall (5), sealing washer (6), ant nest heat preservation wall (7), detachable red translucent light screen (8), ant nest expansion mouth (9), ya keli wall (10), intelligent warm and humid acidimeter (11), the ventilative feeding mouth (12) of throwing of stainless steel net, PVA moisturizing sponge (13), the moisture blocks board (14), dry wet separation slope (15), PCM material filling area (16), concrete moisturizing layer (17), ant nest entry (18), moisture transfer hole (19) and warm light LED lamp (20).

The invention relates to a construction method of a PCM constant-temperature nest suitable for multiple ant species, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: EPE pearl cotton with the thermal conductivity coefficient of less than 0.02W/(m.K), the shrinkage rate of less than 0.5% at 50 ℃ and the thickness of 12-20 mm is used as a heat-preservation cushioning layer (1) and is paved under the whole ant nest. The upper surface of the heat-preservation and shock-absorption layer (1) is coated with hot melt adhesive and is adhered with the electric heating pad (2) with the same area, as shown in figures 1 and 2. The electric heating pad (2) has a power adjusting function, can adopt a two-hole plug or a USB interface to supply power, and has a power adjusting range of 0-28W.

Step two: the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is formed by selecting an integrally formed transparent plastic box made of PS materials without a top cover, the area of the bottom surface of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is equivalent to the size of the electric heating pad (2), and the water storage and moisture preservation wall has a sealing function and can prevent liquid and water vapor from seeping downwards. The bottom surface of the electric heating pad is adhered to the electric heating pad (2) through hot melt adhesive, and the melting temperature of the hot melt adhesive is 220 ℃. A dry-wet separation slope (15) is arranged in the inner space of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3), the slope angle of the dry-wet separation slope (15) is 6-8 degrees, and a space surrounded by the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) and the dry-wet separation slope (15) is filled with a proper amount of gravel and gravel for moisture preservation and liquid shaking prevention. The upper part of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) far away from the ant nest inlet is punched through machining and is connected with a water injection bent pipe (4) as shown in figure 3. The shape of the water inlet of the water injection elbow pipe (4) is funnel-shaped, so that water can be added conveniently, the water injection elbow pipe (4) is connected with the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) in an installation mode through threads or is sealed through hot melt adhesive, and the water adding process is prevented from being leaked. The internal condition can be observed through the transparent water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) made of the PS material in the water adding process, so that the water adding amount can be conveniently adjusted according to the humidity.

Step three: four square acrylic plates are used for bonding through acrylic glue to form a dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), and the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall can also be formed by heating a long acrylic plate to 70-100 ℃ and bending and shaping through a hot bending technology. The area of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is 1/4 of the bottom area of the whole ant nest, and the moisture blocking plate (14) occupies the area of another 3/4, as shown in figures 3 and 4A. The fixing wall (5) of the dry-wet separation layer is used for supporting and fixing the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) and the moisture blocking plate (14), and the fixing can be completed through a hot melt adhesive bonding process. The thickness of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is smaller than that of the moisture blocking plate (14), after the hot melt adhesive is dried, an acrylic cover plate which has the same area as the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) and is provided with moisture transfer holes (19) is covered on the upper part of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13), and the upper surface is just in the same plane with the upper surface of the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) and the moisture blocking plate (14), as shown in fig. 4A and 4B; the processing method of the moisture transfer holes (19) can adopt a laser cutting method, when a laser beam irradiates the surface of the acrylic plate, the laser releases energy to melt acrylic to finish the cutting of the moisture transfer holes (19). After the processing is finished, the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) and the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) are overlapped and installed, a gap of 0.5-1.5 mm is reserved between the wet air blocking plate (14) and the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), a rubber ring is added at the gap to increase sliding damping, a small hole is formed in the outer wall of the fixing structure, so that the wet air blocking plate can slide through the small hole, the opening size of the wet air transfer hole (19) can be adjusted, and the humidity regulation and control function is further realized, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 6.

Step four: the ant nest heat-insulating wall (7) is made of high-density rigid polyurethane plastic foam, the area surrounded by the ant nest heat-insulating wall (7) is the same as the area of the bottom surface of the lower structure, and the ant nest heat-insulating wall is adhered to the lower structure through hot melt adhesive. And after the hot melt adhesive is dried, the joint of the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) and the ant nest heat insulation wall (7) is sealed by using a sealing ring (6), a bionic structure mold coated with vaseline is placed in the ant nest, and the vaseline has the effect of facilitating demolding. Then pouring a proper amount of prepared concrete into the ant nest heat-insulating wall (7), immediately covering the prepared PCM material filling area (16) on the upper part of the concrete moisture-preserving layer (17) and compacting without leaving gaps, as shown in figures 6 and 7, wherein the wall material of the PCM material filling area (16) is acrylic, and the artificial structure is processed by a hot bending process, a laser cutting method or a CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool, and is different from the artificial structure of the concrete moisture-preserving layer (17) in that the artificial structure is provided with an artificial channel leading to each nest room and an ant nest inlet (18), and the nest room part is completely the same as the concrete moisture-preserving layer (17). The interior of the PCM material filling region (16) is filled with CaCl₂·6H₂O is used as a phase-change thermal insulation material, small holes can be opened for filling, and a filling opening is sealed through sealant after filling is finished, so that the phase-change material can be prevented from being melted into liquid and then leaking. Treat after the concrete design take out the mould with the sucking disc, add and cover detachable red translucent light screen (8), detachable red translucent light screen (8) comprises red ya keli material, can block the light that spectral wavelength is less than 630nm to the amazing of ant, is favorable to laying eggs behind the ant and the tranquility of ant colony in the nest is calm, also makes things convenient for the raiser to observe.

Step five: and (3) forming three ant nest expansion openings (9) in the polished high-transparency acrylic plate by a mechanical drilling method, wherein the ant nest expansion openings (9) are not formed in the acrylic wall surface (10) close to one side of the ant nest structure layer, and the side surfaces of the other three acrylic wall surfaces (10) are respectively formed. The circle center of the ant nest expansion port (9) is 8mm above an acrylic wall surface (10) of the bottom surface, the size of the opening is 10mm, and the position is centered in the horizontal direction, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 7. Rectangle square hole as shown in fig. 2 is seted up to the lateral wall, and intelligent temperature and humidity meter (11) are installed to the opening part, intelligence temperature and humidity meter (11) can show ant nest inside temperature and humidity to can pass through the bluetooth gateway with data and transmit to cell-phone APP, realize the real time monitoring to ant nest humiture data. The top of the acrylic wall surface (10) is provided with two large and small rectangular square holes as shown in figures 1 and 2 by a laser cutting method, a stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12) is arranged at a large hole, the structure of the stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12) is as shown in figures 5A and 5B, two acrylic plates which are large and small and have holes in the middle are arranged at the upper part and the lower part, a breathable net is fixedly compressed at the middle part, the compressed part is sealed by hot melt adhesive, the breathable net is made of 304 stainless steel, the mesh number is 100, the air-permeable effect can be achieved, ants of various body types can be prevented from escaping from a nest, and the air-permeable ant feeding device can be detached during feeding. One side that the ventilative feeding mouth (12) next door of stainless steel net is close to ant nest entry (18) is installed warm light LED lamp (20), warm light LED lamp (20) power can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and button cell, USB line or plug can be selected to the power supply mode. In order to achieve a better effect of preventing ants from escaping, 8000-10000 meshes of talcum powder with the proportion of 1:1 and medical alcohol are prepared into escape-preventing liquid which is smeared on the acrylic wall surface close to the top, and the escape-preventing liquid can be replaced by paraffin oil. Optionally use concrete or gypsum to pave the end at the feeding activity district bottom, increase frictional force and be convenient for the ant to crawl and prey, use ya keli glue or hot melt adhesive to go on carefully examining and mending scarcely feeding the acrylic wall (10) seam department in activity district, prevent that the ant from escaping from the gap of junction.

Therefore, the construction of the PCM constant-temperature nest suitable for multiple ant species can be completed by adopting the method, besides the advantages, all activities and living spaces of ants in the scheme ensure that at least one surface is made of the transparent acrylic plate, so that a feeder can observe the living condition of the ants in the nest and the growth conditions of the ants in different periods of the egg stage, the larva stage, the pupal stage and the adult stage at any time, and the ant research and population breeding of the fed species are facilitated. Meanwhile, the detachable stainless steel mesh breathable feeding port (12) provides convenience for cleaning feeding activity areas, and is not easy to cause food residues and ant corpse accumulation to cause mildew in ant nests and harm of mites to ants.

The raising or using method of ants in the PCM constant-temperature nest, which is suitable for multiple ant species, constructed by the scheme comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining the bred ant variety, and then obtaining the habitat environmental characteristics of the ant variety through popular science videos, books or documents and the like to obtain the appropriate living temperature and humidity information of the ant variety. It is to be noted that, subject to ant habit, the present invention is not applicable to a few species of ants including the inseminate japonicas.

Step two: the water feeder or the external garbage area and the like are connected through the ant nest expansion port (9), and redundant expansion ports of the ant nest are plugged through the plastic plug or the rubber plug. According to the temperature and humidity information obtained in the first step, the interior of the ant nest is adjusted through the ant nest environment adjusting function, and meanwhile, temperature and humidity information and a change curve are obtained through an intelligent hygrothermograph (11) in the ant nest or through equipment with a Bluetooth function, such as a mobile phone APP. And after 30min, the temperature changes by less than 0.1 ℃ every 10min, and the humidity changes by less than 1% within 10min, so that the ant colony nesting operation can be carried out. Before entering the nest, the upper part of the feeding activity area can be coated with the escape-proof liquid according to the requirement, and the liquid can take effect after the escape-proof liquid is dried. Selecting 1 or more (multiple) postlarvae of high-quality healthy fertilized ants, a plurality of heads of worker ants and ova thereof, placing the postlarvae of the worker ants in an ant nest activity area, observing that the postlarvae of the worker ants can quickly enter a nest, and simultaneously carrying the ova into the nest by the worker ants. The nest has different accommodating upper limits according to different ant colony types and body types. Generally, large ants such as Japanese bow-backed ants, Pantoea odorata and the like can hold 400-600 heads, medium ants such as Nikeba bow-backed ants, Nakayama bow-backed ants, worker harvested ants and the like can hold 700-1200 heads, and small ants such as all-anoplophora, Pantoea odorata, meadow-paved ants, corn hairants and the like can hold more than 8000 heads.

Step three: after ants enter the nest, taking the ant and eggs and young eggs all entering the nest room for 10-15 min as reference, taking the stainless steel net breathable feeding opening (12) down from the top of the feeding activity area, and feeding food, so that the safety of ant colony can be enhanced, and the sudden death probability of the ants after the ants enter the nest can be effectively reduced. Feeding needs to be distinguished according to eating habits of different ants, for example, bow-backed ants and almost all small ants can be put into a coin or a small bottle cap in a feeding activity area, honey diluted with purified water is added into a meal tray, and if ants or fierce ants are harvested, flour weevil, jiulong or small pieces of shrimp meat which are inactivated and cut off need to be fed.

Step four: observe behind the ant and the activity condition of worker ant in the ant nest, if behind the ant in the nest certain nest indoor fixed activity, worker ant can get back to the nest indoor and feed behind the ant after feeding the movable region and acquireing food, show that the ant colony has gone into the nest successfully, reduce the disturbance to the ant nest in the day afterwards, if avoid around loud sound or vibrations etc..

Step five: and feeding the food once every 2-3 days, wherein the feeding amount is determined according to the number of communities and is not suitable for more feeding, and the rest food is preferably taken out by tweezers every other day to avoid rottenness, mildewing and breeding mites. When the external temperature changes in a small range, CaCl is used₂·6H₂O is used as PCM material, the internal temperature of the ant nest does not change obviously, and the constant temperature of 29-30 ℃ can be realized under the condition that the external temperature does not change violently. When the temperature in the ant nest is observed to be lower, the temperature change can be realized by gradually and slowly adjusting the power of the heating pad. Meanwhile, the water content in the water storage structure can be seen through the transparent shell, and when the humidity is insufficient, a syringe or a dropper can be used for water injection and humidification from the water injection bent pipe (4). And the rest conditions are analogized, so that the temperature and the humidity in the nest can be controlled.

Step six: when the egg laying behavior is recovered after the ant is observed, the feed can be added properly to feed foods rich in protein, such as inactivated insects including Dubia cockroach, cherry cockroach, cricket, yellow mealworm and the like, and can also be used for feeding shrimp meat, fish meat, beef, chicken and the like in a proper amount, thereby being beneficial to the increase of the production after the ant.

Step seven: and repeating the fifth step and the sixth step in the subsequent feeding, and observing new workers, breeding ants and other cocoons broken.

Therefore, the method can realize the feeding of different kinds of ants in the invention.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of specific structures and features of the invention is not set forth herein in any greater detail. Various modifications and alterations of the above-described aspects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Although some description of the present examples and related alternatives have been given, it should be noted that the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific examples defined in the claims, but that various modifications of the described modes of carrying out the invention or variants that are non-invasive and obvious to a person skilled in the relevant art will fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A PCM constant temperature ant nest suitable for multiple ant species comprises the following structural components: the device comprises a heat preservation and shock absorption layer (1), an electric heating pad (2), a water storage and moisture preservation wall (3), a water injection bent pipe (4), a dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), a sealing ring (6), a ant nest heat preservation wall (7), a detachable red semitransparent light screen (8), an ant nest expansion port (9), an acrylic wall surface (10), an intelligent hygrothermograph (11), a stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12), a PVA moisture preservation sponge (13), a moisture blocking plate (14), a dry-wet separation slope (15), a PCM material filling area (16), a concrete moisture preservation layer (17), an ant nest inlet (18), a moisture transfer hole (19) and a warm light LED lamp (20); the heat-preservation cushioning layer (1) is positioned at the lowest part of the whole nest body, the upper part of the heat-preservation cushioning layer is an electric heating pad (2) capable of adjusting power, the upper part of the electric heating pad (2) is a water storage and moisture preservation wall (3), an opening at one side of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is connected with a water injection bent pipe (4), and a dry-wet separation slope (15) is arranged in the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3); the upper part of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is a humidity adjusting structure layer which is formed by a dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), a sealing ring (6), PVA moisture preservation sponge (13), a moisture blocking plate (14) and moisture transfer holes (19) together; the ant nest heat-insulation wall (7) is positioned on the humidity adjusting structure layer, the PCM material filling area (16) and the concrete moisture-retention layer (17) inside the ant nest heat-insulation wall (7) form an ant nest structure layer, and a detachable red semitransparent shading plate (8) covers the upper part of the ant nest structure layer; the acrylic wall surface (10) is positioned at the upper part of the humidity adjusting structure layer to form a quadrangular shell to form an ant nest moving area; the side of the quadrangular shell is provided with three ant nest expansion ports (9) and an intelligent hygrothermograph (11), two rectangular square holes with different sizes are formed in the top of the quadrangular shell, and a stainless steel net breathable feeding port (12) and a warm light LED lamp (20) which can be opened are respectively installed.

2. The PCM constant-temperature ant nest applicable to multiple ant species according to claim 1, wherein: the heat-insulation cushioning layer (1) is made of EPE pearl cotton with the thickness of more than 12mm, the heat conductivity coefficient of less than 0.02W/(m.K) and the shrinkage rate of less than 0.5% at 50 ℃, and the electric heating pad (2) can adjust the heating power within the range of 0-28W.

3. The PCM constant-temperature ant nest applicable to multiple ant species according to claim 1, wherein: the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is made of transparent plastics made of PS materials, the slope angle of the dry-wet separation slope (15) is 6-8 degrees, a water storage space enclosed by the dry-wet separation slope is filled with a proper amount of gravel and gravel, a round hole is formed in one side, located on the slope valley of the dry-wet separation slope (15), of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) and is connected with the water injection bent pipe (4), and the top of the water injection bent pipe (4) is designed to be in a funnel shape so as to facilitate water injection; the sealing ring (6) surrounds the peripheries of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) and the moisture blocking plate (14) to prevent water vapor from escaping, the area of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is 1/4 of the bottom area of the whole ant nest, and the periphery of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is adhered to the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) through hot melt adhesive to prevent the PVA moisturizing sponge from sliding into a water pool surrounded by the water storage moisturizing wall (3); moisture can be prevented to spreading in the ant nest by moisture barrier plate (14), moisture transfer hole (19) of long and thin rectangle are seted up on the upper portion that lies in PVA moisturizing sponge (13) in moisture barrier plate (14), moisture transfer hole (19) can make moisture to the ant nest internal diffusion.

4. The PCM constant-temperature ant nest applicable to a plurality of ant species as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the structural design of ant nest is the stacked structure, the stacked structure is through bionical design, the stacked structure bottom is concrete moisturizing layer (17), and the middle part is PCM material filling area (16), and the top is detachable red translucent light screen (8).

5. The PCM constant-temperature ant nest applicable to a plurality of ant species as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the ant nest heat preservation wall (7) is made of hard polyurethane with the heat conductivity coefficient smaller than 0.023W/(m.K), the outer wall of the PCM material filling area (16) is made of acrylic material, and the PCM material in the PCM material filling area (16) is CaCl₂·6H₂O, white or off-white crystal at normal temperature, density 1.71g/cm³The melting point was 29.92 ℃.

6. The PCM constant-temperature ant nest applicable to multiple ant species according to claim 1, wherein: the three ant nest expansion openings (9) are formed in total, one acrylic wall surface (10) close to the ant nest structure layer is not provided with the ant nest expansion openings (9), and the side surfaces of the other three acrylic wall surfaces (10) are respectively provided with a circular ant nest expansion opening (9) which is positioned 8mm above the bottom surface, has the radius of 5mm and is centered in the horizontal direction; the intelligent hygrothermograph (11) is arranged at one side of the ant nest active area close to the ant nest structure layer, and the vertical direction of the intelligent hygrothermograph is positioned on the upper side of the middle part; the intelligent hygrothermograph (11) displays the temperature and humidity inside the ant nest, and transmits data to the mobile phone APP through the Bluetooth gateway, so that the real-time monitoring of the temperature and humidity data of the ant nest is realized; the breathable net material of the breathable feeding port (12) of the stainless steel net is 304 stainless steel, the mesh number is 100 meshes, the breathable net material is clamped by an upper acrylic plate and a lower acrylic plate, various ants can be prevented from escaping from the ant nest, and a warm light LED lamp (20) is installed on one side, close to the ant nest inlet (18), of the side of the breathable feeding port (12) of the stainless steel net.

7. A construction method of the PCM constant-temperature ant nest applicable to a plurality of ant species according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

step two: the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is formed by an integrally formed transparent plastic box made of PS materials without a top cover, the area of the bottom surface of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is equal to the size of the electric heating pad (2), and the water storage and moisture preservation wall has a sealing function and prevents liquid and water vapor from seeping downwards; the bottom surface of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) is adhered to the electric heating pad (2) through hot melt adhesive, and the melting temperature of the hot melt adhesive is 220 ℃; a dry-wet separation slope (15) is arranged in the inner space of the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3), the slope angle of the dry-wet separation slope (15) is 6-8 degrees, and a space surrounded by the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) and the dry-wet separation slope (15) is filled with a proper amount of gravel and gravel; the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) far away from the ant nest inlet is punched through machining and is connected with a water injection bent pipe (4); the water filling opening of the water injection bent pipe (4) is funnel-shaped, so that water can be conveniently added, and the water injection bent pipe (4) is in threaded connection or sealed by hot melt adhesive with the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) to ensure that the water cannot leak in the water adding process; the internal condition is observed through the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) of the PS material in the water adding process, so that the water adding amount can be conveniently adjusted according to the humidity;

step three: four square acrylic plates are selected and bonded by acrylic glue to form a dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), or a long acrylic plate is heated to 70-100 ℃ and then bent and shaped by a hot bending technology; the area of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is 1/4 of the bottom area of the whole ant nest, and the moisture blocking plate (14) occupies the other area 3/4; the fixing wall (5) of the dry-wet separation layer is used for supporting and fixing the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) and the moisture blocking plate (14), and the fixing is finished through a hot melt adhesive bonding process; the thickness of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) is smaller than that of the moisture blocking plate (14), after the hot melt adhesive is dried, an acrylic cover plate which has the same area as the PVA moisturizing sponge (13) and is provided with moisture transfer holes (19) is covered on the upper part of the PVA moisturizing sponge (13), and the upper surface of the PVA moisturizing sponge is just positioned on the same plane with the upper surface of the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) and the moisture blocking plate (14); the processing method of the moisture transfer holes (19) adopts a laser cutting method, when laser beams irradiate the surface of the acrylic plate, the laser releases energy to melt acrylic to complete the cutting of the moisture transfer holes (19); after the processing is finished, the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5) and the water storage and moisture preservation wall (3) are overlapped and installed, a gap of 0.5-1.5 mm is reserved between the wet air blocking plate (14) and the dry-wet separation layer fixing wall (5), and a rubber ring is added at the gap to increase the sliding damping;

step four: selecting high-density rigid polyurethane plastic foam to manufacture the ant nest heat-insulating wall (7), pouring a proper amount of prepared concrete into the ant nest heat-insulating wall (7), and immediately covering the upper part of a concrete moisture-preserving layer (17) with a prepared PCM material filling area (16) and tightly pressing without leaving a gap; the wall material of the PCM material filling area (16) is acrylic, and is processed into a bionic structure through a hot bending process, a laser cutting method or a CNC (computerized numerical control) machine tool; the interior of the PCM material filling region (16) is filled with CaCl₂·6H₂O is used as a phase-change heat-insulation material, small holes are formed for filling, and the small holes are sealed through sealant after filling is completed, so that the phase-change material is prevented from being melted into liquid and then leaking; after the concrete is shaped, taking out the mould by using a sucker, and covering a detachable red semitransparent shading plate (8), wherein the detachable red semitransparent shading plate (8) is made of a red acrylic material;

step five: forming three ant nest expansion openings (9) on the polished transparent acrylic plate by a mechanical drilling method, wherein the ant nest expansion openings (9) are not formed on the acrylic wall surface (10) close to one side of the ant nest structure layer, and the side surfaces of the other three acrylic wall surfaces (10) are respectively formed; the circle center of the ant nest expansion port (9) is positioned 8mm above the acrylic wall surface (10) of the bottom surface, the diameter of the opening is 10mm, and the position is centered in the horizontal direction; a square hole is formed in the side wall of one acrylic wall surface (10), an intelligent hygrothermograph (11) is installed at the opening of the square hole, the intelligent hygrothermograph (11) displays the internal temperature and humidity of the ant nest, and data are transmitted to a mobile phone APP through a Bluetooth gateway, so that the real-time monitoring of the temperature and humidity data of the ant nest is realized; the top of the quadrangular shell is provided with a large rectangular square hole and a small rectangular square hole through a laser cutting method, the large rectangular square hole is provided with a stainless steel mesh breathable feeding port (12), the stainless steel mesh breathable feeding port (12) is two acrylic plates which are large and small and are provided with holes in the middle, a breathable net is fixedly compressed in the middle, the compressed positions are sealed through hot melt adhesive, the breathable net is 304 stainless steel, the mesh number is 100 meshes, the breathable net plays a role in ventilation and prevents ants of various body types from escaping from an ant nest, and the breathable net is detached during feeding; a warm light LED lamp (20) is mounted on one side, close to the ant nest inlet (18), beside the stainless steel mesh breathable feeding port (12), the power of the warm light LED lamp (20) can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and a button battery, a USB (universal serial bus) wire or a plug is selected as a power supply mode; an anti-escape liquid prepared from 8000-10000 meshes of talcum powder 1:1 in proportion and medical alcohol or paraffin oil is coated on the acrylic wall surface close to the top.

8. A raising method for ants in the PCM thermostatic ant nest adapted for multiple ant species according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

step two: the water feeder or the external garbage area is connected through the ant nest expansion port (9), and redundant expansion ports of the ant nest are plugged through a plastic plug or a rubber plug; according to the temperature and humidity information obtained in the first step, the interior of the ant nest is adjusted through the ant nest environment adjusting function, and meanwhile, an intelligent hygrothermograph (11) in the ant nest is observed or temperature and humidity information and a variation curve are obtained through a mobile phone APP; after 30min, carrying out ant colony nesting operation when the temperature changes by less than 0.1% every 10min and the humidity changes by less than 1% within 10 min; selecting a plurality of high-quality healthy fertilized ants, and putting a plurality of worker ants and ant eggs into the ant nest active area;

step three: after ants enter the nest, taking all the ants and ant eggs as reference, and taking the air-permeable feeding opening (12) of the stainless steel mesh as a reference for feeding food, wherein the air-permeable feeding opening is used for taking down the ants and the ant eggs;

step four: observing the activity conditions of the ant colony and the worker ants in the ant nest, if the ant colony is fixed in one nest chamber in the ant nest, the worker ants return to the nest chamber to feed the ant colony after obtaining food, so that the ant colony is successfully inserted into the nest, and the interference on the ant nest is reduced in the next day;

step five: feeding the food every 2-3 days, wherein the feeding amount needs to be controlledTaking out the rest food with tweezers every other day according to the data community number to avoid rotting and mildewing and breeding mites; when the external temperature changes slightly, CaCl is used₂·6H₂O is used as PCM material, the internal temperature of the ant nest does not change obviously, and the constant temperature of 29-30 ℃ can be realized under the condition that the external temperature does not change violently; when the temperature in the ant nest is observed to be low, the temperature is changed by gradually and slowly adjusting the power of the electric heating pad; meanwhile, the water content in the water storage structure is seen through the transparent shell, and when the humidity is insufficient, a syringe or a dropper is used for injecting water from the water injection bent pipe (4) for humidification;