CN113999721A - 一种重载齿轮润滑油及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种重载齿轮润滑油，在新戊基多元醇酯NPE‑3中加入占所述新戊基多元醇酯NPE‑3重量百分比的下述物质：十六烷基硼酸钙0.6～0.96％、二烃基五硫化物0～0.48％、代号为P120的磷之星0～0.40％、硫化异丁烯0～0.40％和苯三唑脂肪胺盐0.09～0.72％。本发明提供的重载齿轮润滑油具有优良的高低温的高承载和抗磨性能，适用于各种齿轮润滑。
Description
本申请是申请日为2016年06月24日、申请号为201610467121.6、发明名称为《新戊基多元醇酯中添加十六烷基硼酸钙的环保重载齿轮润滑油》的发明专利的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油技术，特别是涉及一种重载齿轮润滑油及其制备方法。
背景技术
机械润滑油，是指涂在机器轴承的油状液体，有减少摩擦、避免发热、防止机器磨损等作用，在机械、建筑和运输等领域具有极其广泛的用途，对于保障设备的正常运转具有不可替代的作用。
润滑油的主要成分包括基础油和功能性添加剂，通过调节添加剂的种类，能够赋予润滑油新的性能。公开号为CN106190435A的中国专利公开了一种重载齿轮润滑油，通过调节添加剂的成分，使得到的润滑油在高温下具有优异的抗磨性能，但是在低温下的抗磨性能较差。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有优良的高低温的高承载和抗磨性能，满足各种齿轮润滑的重载齿轮润滑油。
本发明提供了一种重载齿轮润滑油，在新戊基多元醇酯NPE-3中加入占所述新戊基多元醇酯NPE-3重量百分比的下述物质：十六烷基硼酸钙0.6～0.96％、二烃基五硫化物0～0.48％、代号为P120的磷之星0～0.40％、硫化异丁烯0～0.40％和苯三唑脂肪胺盐0.09～0.72％。
优选的，所述新戊基多元醇酯NPE-3包括新戊二醇酯、三羟甲基丙烷酯和季戊四醇酯。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的重载齿轮润滑油的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将新戊基多元醇酯NPE-3、十六烷基硼酸钙、二烃基五硫化物、代号为P120的磷之星、硫化异丁烯和苯三唑脂肪胺盐在80℃下搅拌混合40min，得到所述重载齿轮润滑油。
本发明提供的重载齿轮润滑油具有优良的高低温的高承载和抗磨性能。
具体实施方式
实施例一
新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)中添加十六烷基硼酸钙的润滑油，以新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)油加入占新戊基多元醇酯：润滑油添加剂配方选：十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)：0.96％、二烃基五硫化物：Rc2540：0.36％、磷之星0.10％，硫化异丁烯(T321)0.20％，苯三唑脂肪胺盐T406E：0.45％，搅拌均匀后加热80℃40分钟，即得。
实施例二
新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)中添加十六烷基硼酸钙的润滑油，以新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)基础油加入占新戊基多元醇酯重量百分比：含十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)：0.6％、二烃基五硫化物：Rc2540：0.42％、磷之星0.15％，硫化异丁烯(T321)0.10％，苯三唑脂肪胺盐T406E：0.09％，混合搅拌均匀后加热80℃40分钟，即得。
实施例三
新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)中添加十六烷基硼酸钙的润滑油，以新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)基础油加入占新戊基多元醇酯重量百分比：含十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)：0.72％、二烃基五硫化物：Rc2540：0.24％、磷之星0.30％，硫化异丁烯(T321)0.30％，苯三唑脂肪胺盐T406E：0.63％，混合搅拌均匀后加热80℃40分钟，即得。
实施例四
新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)中添加十六烷基硼酸钙的润滑油，是以新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)含十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)、十八烷氧基氮代硼酸钙：0.72％、二烃基五硫化物：Rc2540：0.24％、磷之星0.30％，硫化异丁烯(T321)0.30％，苯三唑脂肪胺盐T406E：0.63％。经加热混合均匀制成。
所述新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)基邻位为季碳原子的一类合成酯，比双酯具有更优异的热和水解稳定性，主要包括新戊二醇酯、三羟甲基丙烷酯和季戊四醇酯。
本发明将十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)、二烃基五硫化物(RC2540)、磷之星(P120)、硫化异丁烯(T321)、苯三唑脂肪胺盐(T-406E)五种添加剂复配添加到新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)中进行初步试验。添加剂含量范围：十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)：0.6～0.96％、二烃基五硫化物(Rc2540)：0～0.48％、磷之星0～0.40％，硫化异丁烯(T321)：0～0.40％，苯三唑脂肪胺盐T406E：0.09～0.72％。作5因素8水平均匀分配，设计出新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)基础油加入五种添加剂含量配比的八个组合。5种添加剂的含量配采用优化设计，试验结果是：最大无卡咬负荷可达PbPb＝1774N，
本发明在新戊基多元醇酯(NPE-3)中添加含十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)、二烃基五硫化物(RC2540)、磷之星(P120)、硫化异丁烯(T321)、苯三唑脂肪胺盐(T-406E)5种添加剂进行试验，使用人工神经网络方法优化计算，并进行了复证。由于含有硫磷元素，因此承载可高达1970N，其不足是因为含有较多的硫，有一定的腐蚀性。
本发明采用十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)：0.1-0.3％、二烃基五硫化物Rc2540：0.1-0.2％、磷之星0.2-0.4％，硫化异丁烯(T321)0.1-0.2％，苯三唑脂肪胺盐T406E：0.1-0.3％，做了兔子的涂抹试验，经过与食用油对比发现兔子的无变态反应，试验证明本研究是无毒的。
本发明研究采用5因素8水平测试。考察目标为Y1＝Pb，Y2＝D，Y3＝D，使用均匀设计表安排试验，本研究应用于合成油中添加剂在可生物降解基础油中的摩擦学研究，基础油为新戊基多元醇酯(Neopentyl Polyol Ester)NPE-3，新戊基多元醇酯具有优良的高、低温性能，闪点高，倾点低，它的粘度较低(40℃)，一般常用作Ⅱ型航空发动机油、高温链条油、合成空气压缩机油与之环保制冷剂相容的冷冻机油的基础油。NPE-3的理化性质如表1所示。
表1新戊基多元醇酯NPE-3的理化性能
十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)是一种浅琥珀色透明油状液体。在硫化物催化下，由硼酸酯化而成，分子结构中不含金属原子，是一种无磷无灰低硫极压抗磨剂，能够溶于矿物油和合成基础油。具有突出的极压抗磨性和较好的抗氧化性。不含活性硫，对金属机件无腐蚀作用，替代T202、T203调制内燃机油及其复合剂，调合抗磨液压油、四冲程摩托车油和抗磨剂、修复剂等汽车发动机养护用品，也可作为其他极压抗磨剂和辅助抗氧剂。十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)的理化性能如表2所示。
表2十六烷基硼酸钙(T362)的理化性能
磷之星极压抗磨剂是一种含磷类的极压剂，主要有磷之星P120和亚磷之星P110。磷之星P120，具有极好的极压抗磨性能，主要用于重负荷工业齿轮油。磷之星P120是由低碳醇与三氯氧磷反应制备得到烷基磷酸盐，再与有机胺与磷酸酯反应生成。因有机胺的烷基基团小，极压性能高。它属于磷系列添加剂，具有较好的润滑性能，但是它也具有一定的承载能力，不能超出它的自身承载范围。磷之星P120的理化性能表如表3所示。
表3磷之星(P120)的理化性能
二烃基五硫化物，代号为RC2540。产品为浅棕色透明液体，可非常好的取代元素硫对基础油硫化得到的硫化油。另外其活性硫含量随着温度上升而增加(可达38％)，结果是温度略有上升，就有显著的极压作用，极压性能进一步提高。
硫化异丁烯T321(Sulphurized isobutylene)，T321可与硫磷氮剂复配，是硫磷型工业齿轮油和GL-4、GL-5车辆齿轮油的主剂，也可用于金属加工用油和润滑脂等产品中。硫含量高，相对于一般的硫烯产品而言，具有更优异的极压、抗磨性能。氯含量极低，铜腐蚀性能良好。在各类基础油中均具有很好的相溶性。与其它极压抗磨剂具有优秀的协同效果，T321是车辆及工业用油中首选的极压抗磨剂，但T321有强烈的异味，人们要解决环保车辆齿轮油就要寻找其替代品或尽量减少其添加用量，硫化异丁烯(T321)理化性能如表4所示。
表4硫化异丁烯(T321)理化性能
苯三唑脂肪胺盐(T-406E)具有抗磨、抗腐、抗氧化、防锈等多种功能。长期以来，在国内生产的齿轮油、抗磨液压油、润滑脂，以及二十余种润滑油、脂中得到成功应用。但T406添加剂为白色固体粉末，在润滑油中的溶解度仅为0.2％左右，不仅使用不便，而且稍微过量就会在油中析出呈混浊状态，已成为需要改善的技术课题。沈阳华仑油品化学有限公司，参照国内外各种苯三唑衍生物多功能剂的研究情况，成功的研制出苯三唑脂肪胺盐(T-406E)。苯三唑脂肪胺盐(T-406E)理化性能如表5所示。
表5苯三唑脂肪胺盐(T-406E)理化性能
尽管上述实施例对本发明做出了详尽的描述，但它仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，还可以根据本实施例在不经创造性前提下获得其他实施例，这些实施例都属于本发明保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种重载齿轮润滑油，其特征在于，在新戊基多元醇酯NPE-3中加入占所述新戊基多元醇酯NPE-3重量百分比的下述物质：十六烷基硼酸钙0.6～0.96％、二烃基五硫化物0～0.48％、代号为P120的磷之星0～0.40％、硫化异丁烯0～0.40％和苯三唑脂肪胺盐0.09～0.72％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的重载齿轮润滑油，其特征在于，所述新戊基多元醇酯NPE-3包括新戊二醇酯、三羟甲基丙烷酯和季戊四醇酯。
3.权利要求1或2所述重载齿轮润滑油的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将新戊基多元醇酯NPE-3、十六烷基硼酸钙、二烃基五硫化物、代号为P120的磷之星、硫化异丁烯和苯三唑脂肪胺盐在80℃下搅拌混合40min，得到所述重载齿轮润滑油。
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