CN113996382A

CN113996382A - Method for recycling waste lithium batteries

Info

Publication number: CN113996382A
Application number: CN202111280777.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彭洪强
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-11-01
Filing date: 2021-11-01
Publication date: 2022-02-01

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of garbage recovery, in particular to a method for recycling waste lithium batteries, the method for recycling the waste lithium battery also particularly relates to a device for recycling the waste lithium battery in the recycling process of the waste lithium battery, this device of old and useless lithium cell recycle includes the shell, the shell is the step form, be equipped with open-ended working chamber in the shell, the shell salient is established to the opening of working chamber, be equipped with the V-arrangement feed port around the working chamber opening, it is equipped with rare metal sorting mechanism to be close to V-arrangement feed port department in the shell, it slides to be equipped with the rare metal collecting box that is used for collecting rare metal powder and the shell collecting box that is used for collecting the lithium cell crust to keep away from V-arrangement feed port side in the working chamber, be equipped with the mechanism of sorting in advance that is used for removing the steel skin between rare metal sorting mechanism and the rare metal collecting box, it is equipped with the shell sorting mechanism that is used for sorting aluminium skin and soft foreskin to be close to shell collecting box department in the working chamber.

Description

Method for recycling waste lithium batteries

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of garbage recovery, and particularly relates to a method for recycling waste lithium batteries.

Background

Along with the enhancement of people's consciousness on environmental protection, the application of battery has also developed into the lithium cell of now more environmental protection from original zinc-manganese dry cell, say that the lithium cell is more environmental protection than the dry cell, but also need a lot of rare metal in manufacturing, if the lithium cell also can cause heavy metal pollution if handling improperly, present lithium cell recovery processing is mainly smashed the lithium cell, again screen heavy metal powder and shell, present crushing, the screening is gone on step by step, it is not closed environment usually in the lithium cell crushing process, heavy metal powder can float in the air, can not the efficient heavy metal of utilization, and still can make staff's respiratory disease, and the extranal packing of lithium cell divide into aluminum hull, steel hull and soft package shell, present sorting machine can not classify the packing shell.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for recycling waste lithium batteries, which can crush and screen the waste lithium batteries in a closed environment.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for recycling waste lithium batteries also specifically relates to a device for recycling waste lithium batteries in the process of recycling the waste lithium batteries, and the device for recycling the waste lithium batteries comprises a shell, wherein the shell is step-shaped, an open working cavity is arranged in the shell, the opening of the working cavity is arranged at the protruding part of the shell, a V-shaped feeding hole is arranged around the opening of the working cavity, a rare metal sorting mechanism is arranged in the shell close to the V-shaped feeding hole, a rare metal collecting box for collecting rare metal powder and a shell collecting box for collecting lithium battery skins are arranged in the working cavity in a sliding manner far away from the V-shaped feeding hole, a pre-sorting mechanism for removing steel skins is arranged between the rare metal sorting mechanism and the rare metal collecting box, and a shell sorting mechanism for sorting the aluminum skin and the soft foreskin is arranged in the working cavity and close to the shell collecting box.

Preferably, the rare metal sorting mechanism comprises a partition plate fixedly arranged on the side wall of the working cavity close to the V-shaped feeding hole, the partition plate is provided with a feeding hole for feeding, two roll shafts are rotatably arranged on the side wall of the working cavity close to the feeding hole and far away from the V-shaped feeding hole, each roll shaft is fixedly provided with a crushing roller, the working cavity close to the crushing roller and the partition plate is fixedly provided with a brush for cleaning powder on the crushing roller, and the side wall of the working cavity close to the rare metal collecting box is crossed with a sieve plate for sieving and screening rare metal powder.

Preferably, rare metal sorting mechanism still includes the shell is followed the fixed motor that sets up on the axial lateral wall of roller keeps away from shell sorting mechanism the roller rotates to be established on the motor, the shell is close to be equipped with the gear chamber in the lateral wall of motor, every all fixed interlock gear that is equipped with on the roller, every the interlock gear is all in the gear intracavity, two the interlock gear meshing is connected, be located on the working chamber lateral wall the orifice plate is close to shell sorting mechanism department rotates and is equipped with the camshaft, the fixed cam that is equipped with on the camshaft.

Preferably, the pre-sorting mechanism includes two sliding grooves formed in a side wall of the working chamber perpendicular to the axial direction of the roller shaft, a sliding U-shaped plate is simultaneously slidably disposed in the two sliding grooves, the sliding U-shaped plate is connected to a side wall of the partition plate away from the V-shaped feeding hole through the return spring, the side of the sliding U-shaped plate away from the partition plate is U-shaped, a main screw rod cover and an auxiliary screw rod cover are fixedly disposed on a U-shaped inner wall of the sliding U-shaped plate, the main screw rod cover is closer to the crushing roller than the auxiliary screw rod cover, a main screw stirring rod is rotatably disposed in the main screw rod cover, an auxiliary screw stirring rod is rotatably disposed in the auxiliary screw rod cover, a main shaft is rotatably disposed on the main screw rod cover on the U-shaped inner wall of the sliding U-shaped plate and close to the working chamber, and a main electromagnet is rotatably disposed on the main magnet shaft, the main electromagnet is tangent to a side opening of the working cavity, the sliding U-shaped plate is located on the U-shaped inner wall of the sliding U-shaped plate, the auxiliary screw rod cover is close to the main screw rod cover, an auxiliary electromagnet shaft is arranged on the side of the main screw rod cover in a rotating mode, an auxiliary electromagnet is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary electromagnet shaft, the auxiliary electromagnet shaft is tangent to a side opening of the auxiliary screw rod cover, the shell is close to the motor, the main screw rod cover is fixedly provided with a steel fragment collecting box on the side of the auxiliary screw rod cover, and a movable groove convenient for the main screw rod cover to move relative to the auxiliary screw rod cover is formed in the side wall of the shell corresponding to the main screw rod cover.

Preferably, the pre-sorting mechanism further includes a linkage cavity disposed in a side wall of the housing away from the motor, a first auxiliary shaft and a second auxiliary shaft are rotatably disposed on a side wall of the linkage cavity, the first auxiliary shaft is axially parallel to the main helical agitator shaft, the second auxiliary shaft is further away from the roll shaft than the first auxiliary shaft, the roll shaft close to the sliding U-shaped plate is connected with the first auxiliary shaft through a power belt, the first auxiliary shaft is disposed in the linkage cavity and away from the working cavity, the first auxiliary shaft is connected to the main helical agitator shaft through a main helical rod belt, the first auxiliary shaft is disposed in the linkage cavity and close to the working cavity, a main power gear is fixedly disposed on the main helical agitator shaft, and a main driven gear is fixedly disposed on an inner section of the main power gear of the main power shaft, the driving and driven gears are meshed with the driving power gear, the first auxiliary shaft is connected with the second auxiliary shaft through a linkage belt, the second auxiliary shaft is connected onto the auxiliary spiral stirring rod through an auxiliary spiral rod belt, an auxiliary power gear is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary spiral stirring rod, the auxiliary electromagnet shaft is located on the linkage cavity section and is fixedly provided with an auxiliary driven gear, the auxiliary driven gear is meshed with the auxiliary power gear, and the auxiliary spiral stirring rod is connected with the cam shaft through a cam belt.

Preferably, shell sorting mechanism includes the shell is close to be equipped with the wind chamber of opening towards the working chamber in the motor lateral wall, the wind chamber is close to inlay on the lateral wall of motor and be equipped with powerful fan, the wind chamber is close to be equipped with the ventilation hole on the lateral wall of motor, the opening part in wind chamber involves and filter screen.

Preferably, the method for recycling the waste lithium batteries comprises the following steps:

s1: feeding, namely feeding the waste lithium battery into a space between the partition plate and the V-shaped feeding hole through the V-shaped feeding hole;

s2: crushing, namely crushing the waste lithium battery in the working cavity by rolling of a crushing roller;

s3: screening the rare metal powder, and separating the rare metal powder from the outer skin through screening holes of a sieve plate;

s4: selecting a steel shell, sorting the steel shell which can be adsorbed by the magnetism of the main electromagnet, and discharging the steel shell by the main spiral stirring rod;

s5; and (4) sorting, namely separating a steel shell with large mass from an aluminum shell with large mass from a soft package shell with light mass by wind power of a powerful fan.

Has the advantages that: can clear up the rare metal powder on the crushing roller through two brushes when the crushing roller rotates, increased rare metal's rate of recovery, and at whole broken in-process, the rare metal powder can not float to the air in, causes the pollution to the air.

The main electromagnet, the auxiliary electromagnet and the strong fan can sort shells made of different materials, so that the shell materials can be better recycled.

The secondary electromagnet can further screen the broken shell, and shell fragments which can be adsorbed by the magnet are prevented from being leaked.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic external view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structural implementation of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of FIG. 2 taken along line A-A;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the direction B-B in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the direction D-D in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view taken along the line E-E in FIG. 5;

fig. 8 is an enlarged view of F in fig. 3.

In the figure, a housing 10; a rare metal collection box 11; a working chamber 12; a perforated screen 13; a main electromagnet 14; a main electromagnet shaft 15; a main helical agitator shaft 16; a sub-electromagnet 17; a sub electromagnet shaft 18; a cam 19; a camshaft 20; a crushing roller 21; a roller shaft 22; a brush 23; a feed aperture 24; a dividing plate 25; a V-shaped feed hole 26; a return spring 27; a chute 28; a sliding U-shaped plate 30; a strainer 31; a housing collection box 32; a gear chamber 33; a linking gear 34; a motor 35; a steel scrap collecting box 36; a main screw cover 37; an auxiliary helical stirring rod 38; a secondary screw shroud 39; a linking chamber 40; a powerful fan 41; a main screw belt 42; a main driven gear 43; a main power gear 44; a link belt 45; a first auxiliary shaft 46; a second auxiliary shaft 47; a counter driven gear 48; a secondary power gear 49; a cam belt 50; a movable groove 51; a secondary screw belt 52; a power belt 53; a wind chamber 54; a rare metal sorting mechanism 90; a pre-sorting mechanism 91; housing a sorting mechanism 92.

Detailed Description

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "below", and the like refer to orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention conventionally place when used, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Referring to fig. 2, a method for recycling waste lithium batteries, the method for recycling waste lithium batteries also specifically relates to a device for recycling waste lithium batteries in the process of recycling waste lithium batteries, the device for recycling waste lithium batteries comprises a shell 10, the shell 10 is step-shaped, an open working chamber 12 is arranged in the shell 10, the open of the working chamber 12 is arranged at the protruding part of the shell 10, a V-shaped feeding hole 26 is arranged around the open of the working chamber 12, a rare metal sorting mechanism 90 is arranged in the shell 10 close to the V-shaped feeding hole 26, a rare metal collecting box 11 for collecting rare metal powder and a shell collecting box 32 for collecting lithium battery shells are arranged in the working chamber 12 in a sliding manner far away from the V-shaped feeding hole 26, a pre-sorting mechanism 91 for removing steel shells is arranged between the rare metal sorting mechanism 90 and the rare metal collecting box 11, a shell sorting mechanism 92 for sorting the aluminum skin and the soft skin is arranged in the working chamber 12 and close to the shell collecting box 32.

Further, with reference to fig. 2, rare metal sorting mechanism 90 includes the fixed partition plate 25 that sets up near V-shaped feed port 26 on the lateral wall of working chamber 12, be equipped with the feed port 24 that is used for the feeding on the partition plate 25, it is equipped with two roller shafts 22 to be close to feed port 24 and keep away from V-shaped feed port 26 side rotation on the lateral wall of working chamber 12, all fixed crushing roller 21 that is equipped with on every roller shaft 22, working chamber 12 is close to crushing roller 21 and is located the fixed brush 23 that is used for clearing up powder on the crushing roller 21 with partition plate 25, the handing-over of working chamber 12 lateral wall near rare metal collecting box 11 is useful for the sieve to screen the orifice plate 13 of rare metal powder.

Further, with reference to fig. 3, the rare metal sorting mechanism 90 further includes a motor 35 fixedly disposed on the outer shell 10 along the axial side wall of the roller shaft 22, the roller shaft 22 far away from the outer shell sorting mechanism 92 is rotatably disposed on the motor 35, a gear cavity 33 is disposed in the side wall of the outer shell 10 close to the motor 35, a linkage gear 34 is fixedly disposed on each roller shaft 22, each linkage gear 34 is disposed in the gear cavity 33, the two linkage gears 34 are meshed and connected, a camshaft 20 is rotatably disposed on the side wall of the working cavity 12 at a position where the sieve plate 13 is close to the outer shell sorting mechanism 92, and a cam 19 is fixedly disposed on the camshaft 20.

Further, referring to fig. 3, the pre-sorting mechanism 91 includes two sliding grooves 28 disposed on the side wall of the working chamber 12 perpendicular to the axial direction of the roller shaft 22, sliding U-shaped plates 30 are disposed in the two sliding grooves 28, the sliding U-shaped plates 30 are connected to the side wall of the dividing plate 25 away from the V-shaped feeding hole 26 through return springs 27, the side of the sliding U-shaped plates 30 away from the dividing plate 25 is U-shaped, a main helical rod cover 37 and a secondary helical rod cover 39 are fixed on the U-shaped inner wall of the sliding U-shaped plates 30, the main helical rod cover 37 is closer to the crushing roller 21 than the secondary helical rod cover 39, a main helical stirring rod 16 is rotatably disposed in the main helical rod cover 37, a secondary helical stirring rod 38 is rotatably disposed in the secondary helical rod cover 39, a main electromagnetic shaft 15 is rotatably disposed on the side of the main helical rod cover 37 on the U-shaped inner wall of the sliding U-shaped plates 30 close to the working chamber 12, and a main electromagnetic 14 is disposed on the main electromagnetic shaft 15, the main electromagnet 14 is tangent to the side opening of the working cavity 12, an auxiliary electromagnet shaft 18 is rotatably arranged on the position, close to the main screw rod cover 37, of the auxiliary screw rod cover 39 on the U-shaped inner wall of the sliding U-shaped plate 30, an auxiliary electromagnet 17 is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary electromagnet shaft 18, the auxiliary electromagnet shaft 18 is tangent to the side opening of the auxiliary screw rod cover 39, a steel fragment collecting box 36 is fixedly arranged on the position, close to the motor 35, of the shell 10, close to the main screw rod cover 37 and the auxiliary screw rod cover 39, and a movable groove 51 convenient for the main screw rod cover 37 and the auxiliary screw rod cover 39 to move is arranged on the side wall of the shell 10, corresponding to the main screw rod cover 37 and the auxiliary screw rod cover 39.

Further, referring to fig. 5, 7, 8, the pre-sorting mechanism 91 further includes a linking cavity 40 disposed in a side wall of the housing 10 away from the motor 35, a first auxiliary shaft 46 and a second auxiliary shaft 47 are rotatably disposed on a side wall of the linking cavity 40, the first auxiliary shaft 46 is axially parallel to the main helical mixing rod 16, the second auxiliary shaft 47 is further away from the roller shaft 22 than the first auxiliary shaft 46, the roller shaft 22 near the sliding U-shaped plate 30 is connected to the first auxiliary shaft 46 through a power belt 53, the first auxiliary shaft 46 is disposed in the linking cavity 40 away from the working cavity 12, the first auxiliary shaft 46 is connected to the main helical mixing rod 16 through a main helical rod belt 42, the first auxiliary shaft 46 is disposed in the linking cavity 40 near the working cavity 12, a main power gear 44 is fixedly disposed on the main helical mixing rod 16, a main power gear 43 is fixedly disposed on an inner section of the main power gear 44 of the main power shaft 15, the main power 43 is engaged with the main power gear 44, the first auxiliary shaft 46 is connected with the second auxiliary shaft 47 through a linkage belt 45, the second auxiliary shaft 47 is connected with the auxiliary spiral stirring rod 38 through an auxiliary spiral rod belt 52, an auxiliary power gear 49 is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary spiral stirring rod 38, an auxiliary driven gear 48 is fixedly arranged on the inner section of the auxiliary electromagnet shaft 18 positioned in the linkage cavity 40, the auxiliary driven gear 48 is meshed with the auxiliary power gear 49, and the auxiliary spiral stirring rod 38 is connected with the camshaft 20 through a cam belt 50.

Further, with reference to fig. 2 and 4, the housing sorting mechanism 92 includes a wind chamber 54 having an opening facing the working chamber 12 and disposed in a side wall of the housing 10 close to the motor 35, a strong wind fan 41 is embedded in a side wall of the wind chamber 54 close to the motor 35, a vent hole is disposed in a side wall of the wind chamber 54 close to the motor 35, and the opening of the wind chamber 54 is involved in the filter screen 31.

Further, the method for recycling the waste lithium batteries comprises the following steps:

s1: feeding, namely feeding the waste lithium batteries into a space between the partition plate 25 and the V-shaped feeding hole 26 through the V-shaped feeding hole 26;

s2: crushing, namely crushing the waste lithium battery in the working cavity 12 by rolling the waste lithium battery by a crushing roller 21;

s3: sieving rare metal powder, and separating the rare metal powder from the outer skin through the screening holes of the sieve plate 13;

s4: selecting steel shells, sorting the steel shells which can be adsorbed by the magnetism of the main electromagnet 14, and discharging the steel shells by the main spiral stirring rod 16;

s5; and (4) sorting, namely separating a steel shell with large mass from an aluminum shell with large mass from a soft package shell with light mass by wind power of a powerful fan 41.

The working principle is as follows: starting the motor 35 and the powerful fan 41, the motor 35 drives the two crushing rollers 21 to rotate through the linkage gear 34 and the roller shaft 22, the waste lithium batteries are sent into the space formed by the partition plate 25 and the V-shaped feed hole 26 from the V-shaped feed hole 26, the batteries are leaked onto the two crushing rollers 21 through the feed hole 24, the batteries are crushed by the crushing rollers 21, the rare metals are separated from the battery shell, the rare metal powder is adhered to the two crushing rollers 21 when the batteries are crushed by the crushing rollers 21, the rare metal powder on the crushing rollers 21 can be cleaned through the two brushes 23 when the crushing rollers 21 rotate, the recovery rate of the rare metals is increased, in the whole crushing process, the rare metal powder cannot float into the air and pollute the air, the roller shaft 22 drives the main spiral stirring rod 16 to rotate through the power belt 53 and the first auxiliary shaft 46 while rotating, the main spiral stirring rod 16 drives the main electromagnet shaft 15 to rotate through the main power gear 44 and the main driven gear 43, the first auxiliary shaft 46 drives the auxiliary spiral stirring rod 38 to rotate through the interlocking belt 45, the second auxiliary shaft 47 and the auxiliary spiral rod belt 52, the auxiliary spiral stirring rod 38 drives the auxiliary electromagnet shaft 18 to rotate through the auxiliary power gear 49 and the auxiliary driven gear 48, the auxiliary spiral stirring rod 38 drives the cam shaft 20 to rotate through the cam belt 50, the crushed rare metal powder and the shell fall on the sieve plate 13, the cam shaft 20 drives the cam 19 to rotate, so that the sieve plate 13 jolts up and down, the rare metal powder falls in the rare metal collection box 11 through the sieve holes on the sieve plate 13, meanwhile, the shell on the sieve plate 13 slides to the shell collection box 32, in the sliding process, the main electromagnet shaft 15 drives the main electromagnet 14 to rotate, so that the main electromagnet 14 removes the steel shell which can be adsorbed by the electromagnet in the shell, the shell on the main electromagnet 14 is taken into the main spiral rod cover 37 through the main spiral rod cover 37, the steel shell is arranged into the main spiral rod cover 37 through the main spiral stirring rod 16, similarly, the auxiliary electromagnet 17 also absorbs the steel shell absorbed by the magnet, the auxiliary electromagnet 17 can further screen the crushed shell to prevent shell fragments absorbed by the magnet from leaking, the shell fragments are arranged into the main spiral rod cover 37 through the auxiliary spiral stirring rod 38, the sliding U-shaped plate 30 is driven to slide in the chute 28 and reset by the reset spring 27 in the process of up-and-down bumping of the sieve plate 13, after the steel shell absorbed by the magnet is removed, the air blown out by the strong fan 41 blows the steel shell with larger mass, the aluminum shell with lighter mass and the soft package shell with lightest mass into the shell collection box 32, and the main electromagnet 14, the auxiliary electromagnet 17 and the strong fan 41 can sort the shells of different materials, the shell material can be better recycled.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recycling waste lithium batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device for recycling the waste lithium battery comprises a shell (10), wherein the shell (10) is step-shaped, an open working chamber (12) is arranged in the shell (10), an opening of the working chamber (12) is formed in a protruding part of the shell (10), a V-shaped feeding hole (26) is formed around the opening of the working chamber (12), the shell (10) is close to the V-shaped feeding hole (26), a rare metal sorting mechanism (90) is arranged at the position of the V-shaped feeding hole (26), the working chamber (12) is far away from the V-shaped feeding hole (26) and laterally slides to be provided with a rare metal collecting box (11) for collecting rare metal powder and a shell collecting box (32) for collecting lithium battery skins, and a steel sheet removing device is arranged between the rare metal sorting mechanism (90) and the rare metal collecting box (11) A pre-sorting mechanism (91), and a shell sorting mechanism (92) for sorting the aluminum skin and the soft foreskin is arranged in the working cavity (12) and close to the shell collecting box (32).

2. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: rare metal sorting mechanism (90) include be close to on working chamber (12) lateral wall division board (25) of fixed setting in V-arrangement feed port (26) department, be equipped with feed port (24) that are used for the feeding on division board (25), be close to on the lateral wall of working chamber (12) feed port (24) and keep away from V-arrangement feed port (26) side rotation is equipped with two roller (22), every all fixed crushing roller (21) that is equipped with on roller (22), working chamber (12) are close to crushing roller (21) with division board (25) department is fixed and is equipped with brush (23) that are used for clearing up powder on crushing roller (21), working chamber (12) lateral wall is close to rare metal collecting box (11) department handing-over has orifice plate (13) that are used for the sieve to filter rare metal powder.

3. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: rare metal sorting mechanism (90) still include shell (10) are followed fixed motor (35) that sets up on the axial lateral wall of roller (22), keep away from shell sorting mechanism (92) roller (22) rotate and establish on motor (35), shell (10) are close to be equipped with gear chamber (33) in the lateral wall of motor (35), every all fixed interlock gear (34) that are equipped with on roller (22), every interlock gear (34) are all in gear chamber (33), two interlock gear (34) meshing connection, lie in on working chamber (12) lateral wall sieve tray (13) are close to shell sorting mechanism (92) department rotates and is equipped with camshaft (20), fixed cam (19) that are equipped with on camshaft (20).

4. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: the pre-sorting mechanism (91) comprises two sliding grooves (28) which are arranged on the axial side wall of the roller shaft (22) and are vertical to the working cavity (12), sliding U-shaped plates (30) are arranged in the two sliding grooves (28) in a sliding mode, the sliding U-shaped plates (30) are connected to the side wall, away from the V-shaped feeding hole (26), of the dividing plate (25) through return springs (27), the side, away from the dividing plate (25), of each sliding U-shaped plate (30) is in a U shape, a main spiral rod cover (37) and an auxiliary spiral rod cover (39) are fixedly arranged on the U-shaped inner wall of each sliding U-shaped plate (30), the main spiral rod cover (37) is closer to the crushing roller (21) than the auxiliary spiral rod cover (39), a main spiral stirring rod (16) is rotationally arranged in the main spiral rod cover (37), and auxiliary spiral stirring rods (38) are rotationally arranged in the auxiliary spiral rod cover (39), the sliding U-shaped plate (30) is positioned on the U-shaped inner wall of the main screw rod cover (37) and close to the working cavity (12) and is provided with a main electromagnet shaft (15) in a rotating mode, the main electromagnet shaft (15) is provided with a main electromagnet (14) in a rotating mode, the main electromagnet (14) is tangent to a side opening of the working cavity (12), the sliding U-shaped plate (30) is positioned on the U-shaped inner wall of the auxiliary screw rod cover (39) and close to the main screw rod cover (37) and is provided with an auxiliary electromagnet shaft (18) in a rotating mode, the auxiliary electromagnet shaft (18) is fixedly provided with an auxiliary electromagnet (17), the auxiliary electromagnet shaft (18) is tangent to a side opening of the auxiliary screw rod cover (39), the shell (10) is positioned on the side of the motor (35) and is fixedly provided with a steel fragment collecting box (36) at the positions of the main screw rod cover (37) and the auxiliary screw rod cover (39), the side wall of the shell (10) corresponding to the main screw rod cover (37) and the auxiliary screw rod cover (39) is provided with a movable groove (51) which is convenient for the main screw rod cover (37) and the auxiliary screw rod cover (39) to move.

5. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pre-sorting mechanism (91) further comprises a linkage cavity (40) is arranged in the side wall, far away from the motor (35), of the shell (10), a first auxiliary shaft (46) and a second auxiliary shaft (47) are arranged on the side wall of the linkage cavity (40) in a rotating mode, the first auxiliary shaft (46) is axially parallel to the main spiral stirring rod (16), the second auxiliary shaft (47) is far away from the roller shaft (22) compared with the first auxiliary shaft (46), the roller shaft (22) close to the sliding U-shaped plate (30) is connected with the first auxiliary shaft (46) through a power belt (53), the first auxiliary shaft (46) is located in the linkage cavity (40) and far away from the working cavity (12) side, the first auxiliary shaft (46) is connected to the main spiral stirring rod (16) through a main rod belt (42), and the first auxiliary shaft (46) is located in the cavity (40) and close to the working cavity (12) side, a main power gear (44) is fixedly arranged on the main spiral stirring rod (16), a main driven gear (43) is fixedly arranged on the inner section of the main power gear (44) of the main electromagnet shaft (15), the main driven gear (43) is meshed with the main power gear (44), the first auxiliary shaft (46) is connected with the second auxiliary shaft (47) through a linkage belt (45), the second auxiliary shaft (47) is connected to the auxiliary helical stirring rod (38) through an auxiliary helical rod belt (52), an auxiliary power gear (49) is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary spiral stirring rod (38), an auxiliary driven gear (48) is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary electromagnet shaft (18) at the inner section of the linkage cavity (40), the auxiliary driven gear (48) is in meshed connection with the auxiliary power gear (49), the auxiliary spiral stirring rod (38) is connected with the cam shaft (20) through a cam belt (50).

6. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: shell sorting mechanism (92) include shell (10) are close to be equipped with wind chamber (54) of opening towards working chamber (12) in the motor (35) lateral wall, wind chamber (54) are close to it is equipped with powerful fan (41) to inlay on the lateral wall of motor (35), wind chamber (54) are close to be equipped with the ventilation hole on the lateral wall of motor (35), the opening part of wind chamber (54) involves and filter screen (31).

7. The method for recycling waste lithium batteries according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method for recycling the waste lithium batteries comprises the following steps:

s1: feeding, namely feeding the waste lithium batteries into a space between the partition plate (25) and the V-shaped feeding hole (26) through the V-shaped feeding hole (26);

s2: crushing, namely crushing the waste lithium batteries in the working cavity (12) by rolling of a crushing roller (21);

s3: screening the rare metal powder, and separating the rare metal powder from the outer skin through screening holes of a screen hole plate (13);

s4: selecting steel shells, sorting the steel shells which can be adsorbed by the magnetism of the main electromagnet (14), and discharging the steel shells by the main spiral stirring rod (16);

s5; and (4) sorting, namely separating a steel shell with large mass from an aluminum shell with large mass from a soft package shell with light mass by the wind power of a powerful fan (41).