CN113995095A

CN113995095A - Selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113995095A
Application number: CN202111176534.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谭海运; 高雪; 德吉曲珍; 古桑德吉; 何冰梅; 邓岚
Original assignee: Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Of Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences
Current assignee: Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Of Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences
Priority date: 2021-10-09
Filing date: 2021-10-09
Publication date: 2022-02-01

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product development, and particularly relates to selenium-rich highland barley germinated rice and a preparation method thereof. The selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice provided by the invention germinates by using the planted selenium-enriched highland barley, takes the decoction of the highland barley bran as a nutritional germinated liquid, effectively ensures the selenium content in the germinated rice, and meanwhile, the preparation method of the germinated rice has low nutrient loss rate and rich nutrition.

Description

Selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product development, and particularly relates to selenium-rich highland barley germinated rice and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Selenium is a trace element necessary for human and animal health, has biological characteristics of free radical removal, oxidation resistance, aging delay, cancer resistance, immunity enhancement, heavy metal antagonism and the like, has various pharmacological effects of cancer resistance, heart and liver protection, immunity enhancement, aging delay, reproductive function enhancement and the like, is praised as 'vital fire', 'king of cancer resistance' and 'heart guard' by scientists, and the immunity is greatly reduced and the risk of infecting various highly pathogenic viral diseases is obviously increased due to the selenium deficiency of human bodies. In 1988, the Chinese Nutrition society lists trace element selenium as one of dietary nutrients which must be taken by residents in China every day, and recommends that the daily selenium intake is 50-250mg, but the average daily selenium intake of adults in China is only about 36 mg.

Selenium sources of human bodies are mainly ingested by diet, and selenium-rich agricultural and sideline products are effective ways for supplementing selenium elements to human bodies, so that the development of selenium-rich agricultural products is a hot spot field for research and development of scientists. Since selenium is associated with metal sulfides in the earth crust and exists in the form of rocks, although selenium in the rocks cannot be absorbed by crops, the selenium in the rocks can be converted into oxides through weathering, erosion, physical, chemical, microbial and other actions, and then the oxides are washed into soil to form various forms of selenium, such as elemental selenium, organic selenium, selenite, selenate and the like. Selenium in soil can be divided into: selenate, selenite, elemental selenium, and selenide; according to the binding type, the method can be divided into: soluble state and weak adsorption state, exchangeable state, carbonate binding state, iron manganese oxide binding state, organic matter binding state, residue state and the like. Selenium in different valence states and different combination states has different migration and transformation capacities in soil and different effectiveness on plants, so that the effective selenium content in the soil is a key factor determining the selenium content in the plants rather than full selenium. The effectiveness of selenium is influenced by soil total selenium, soil texture, soil pH, Eh, organic matter, etc., wherein soluble, exchangeable and carbonate bound selenium is most effective for crop absorption.

About two thirds of areas in China belong to internationally recognized selenium-deficient areas, wherein nearly one third of areas belong to serious selenium deficiency, so that 70% of people live in the selenium-deficient areas in China, and especially, keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease patients in certain areas in Tibet are caused by long-term selenium deficiency in the living areas. According to the investigation of the selenium content in the soil of the Tibet region, the total selenium content in the soil of the Tibet region is low, and the selenium content is regularly distributed in strips. However, in the area of the south of bujiang in Yaluzang, most areas of the south of the mountain, the first line of Yadong county, Baba county, Karma county, Jiangzui county and Lanka county of the selenium-rich area of Chuchu river, and the areas of the Ritudinian county and Zadao county in the Ali area in the west, the total selenium content in the soil is more than twice of the total selenium content in the soil of other areas in Tibet, and the standard of the medium-selenium soil can be achieved. Therefore, the development of selenium-rich products in Tibet areas becomes possible, and on one hand, the selenium nutrition level of Tibetan residents can be safely and effectively improved; on the other hand, the development of selenium-rich agricultural and livestock products is increased under the ecological environment of the clean soil in Tibet, and the product quality and the market competitiveness are improved.

However, the current investigation aiming at the total selenium content in the soil of the Tibet region is not accurate enough to find out the regional distribution position of the selenium-containing soil in the main agricultural region of the Tibet, and on the other hand, the unique geographical environment and climate of the Tibet region also influence the effective selenium content in the soil. Therefore, how to effectively improve the content and the state of effective selenium in the soil in the Tibet region and further develop selenium-rich agricultural products with Tibet characteristics can provide solid technical support for the construction of plateau ecological selenium cereals in Tibet and has important practical significance and necessity for accelerating the industrialization process of Tibet farming and animal husbandry. Therefore, the development of different selenium-rich highland barley agricultural products has positive significance for promoting the development of agricultural products in Tibet regions.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention aims to provide the selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice and further discloses a preparation method thereof.

In order to solve the technical problems, the preparation method of the selenium-rich highland barley germinated rice comprises the following steps:

(1) peeling the dried selenium-enriched highland barley, and respectively collecting highland barley bran and highland barley embryo emulsion grains for later use;

(2) soaking the obtained highland barley embryo emulsion granules in purified water, and draining;

(3) placing the drained highland barley embryo milk granules into a nutritional germination solution for germination;

(4) drying the germinated rice to obtain the product.

Specifically, in the step (2), the temperature of the soaking step is 20-30 ℃.

Specifically, in the step (2), the time of the soaking step is 18-24 h.

Specifically, in the step (3), the nutritional germination liquid is highland barley bran decoction.

Specifically, the highland barley bran decoction is a filtrate obtained by adding 3-5 times of water into highland barley bran, decocting and naturally cooling.

Specifically, in the step (3), the temperature of the germination step is 20-25 ℃.

Specifically, in the step (3), the time of the germination step is 24-48 h.

Specifically, in the step (4), the drying step is microwave drying.

The invention also discloses the selenium-rich highland barley germinated rice prepared by the method.

The selenium-rich highland barley health care wine provided by the invention is prepared from highland barley with higher selenium content by the following specific planting method:

(1) land preparation: selecting a planting land block with higher selenium content, deep ploughing and fine harrowing before highland barley planting, and applying a base fertilizer and a selenium activation conditioner;

(2) sowing: before sowing, drying and dressing seeds, and sowing in due time;

(3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out during the period of two leaves and one core of the highland barley and the period of jointing, and topdressing is carried out outside roots at the same time;

(4) irrigation: reasonable irrigation is carried out in the seedling emergence period, the flowering period and the irrigation channel of the highland barley;

(5) and (6) harvesting.

Specifically, the preparation method of the selenium-activated conditioner comprises the following steps:

(a) adding the residual activated sludge into an electrolyte solution containing ionic liquid, carrying out hydrothermal electrolyte reaction, and collecting the discharged activated sludge for later use;

(b) mixing human and animal feces, citric acid residue, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran to obtain a solid matrix;

(c) fully and uniformly mixing the activated sludge obtained in the step (a) and the solid matrix obtained in the step (b) for pile fermentation;

(d) and (c) performing agglomeration granulation, drying and sieving on the pile fermentation product obtained in the step (c) to obtain the pile fermentation product.

Specifically, in the step (a), the electrolyte solution comprises a soluble calcium salt solution. Preferably, the electrolyte solution comprises a calcium chloride solution.

Specifically, in the step (a), the concentration of the electrolyte solution is 30-80 mmol/L.

Specifically, in the step (a), the ionic liquid comprises choline chloride ionic liquid.

Specifically, in the step (a), the concentration of the ionic liquid in the electrolyte solution is 50-100 mmol/L.

Specifically, in the step (a), the temperature of the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction step is 50-80 ℃, and the pressure is normal pressure.

Specifically, in the step (b), the mass ratio of the human and animal excrement, the citric acid residues, the nut shell powder, the egg shell powder and the highland barley bran is 1-3: 3-8: 2-4: 2-8: 1-5.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the human and animal excreta, the citric acid residues, the nut shell powder, the egg shell powder and the highland barley bran is 2: 5: 3: 5: 3.

specifically, in the step (b), the nut shell powder comprises walnut shell powder and/or Chinese chestnut shell powder.

Specifically, the step (b) further comprises the step of crushing and sieving the solid matrix, and specifically, the sieving step is drying by passing through a 80-100-mesh screen.

Specifically, in the step (c), the mass ratio of the solid matrix to the activated sludge is 10: 3-8.

Specifically, in the step (c), the pile fermentation treatment step is to carry out pile fermentation for 12 to 18 hours at normal temperature.

Specifically, in the step (1), the application amount per mu of the base fertilizer is as follows: 1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 2000kg of urea and 30-50kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

Specifically, in the step (2), the seed dressing treatment is seed dressing of 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

Specifically, in the step (2), the seeding rate in the seeding step is 10-15 kg/mu.

Specifically, in the step (3), the step of topdressing at the two-leaf one-heart period is to topdress 4-6 kg/mu of urea.

Specifically, in the step (3), the topdressing step in the jointing stage is to topdress 4-6 kg/mu of urea and 2-4 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.

Specifically, in the step (3), the extra-root topdressing step is to topdress 1-2% of boron fertilizer and 1-2% of monopotassium phosphate spray.

The selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice provided by the invention germinates by using the planted selenium-enriched highland barley, takes the decoction of the highland barley bran as a nutritional germinated liquid, effectively ensures the selenium content in the germinated rice, and meanwhile, the preparation method of the germinated rice has low nutrient loss rate and rich nutrition.

According to the selenium-rich highland barley planting method, on the basis of the traditional highland barley planting method, selenium element in planting soil is activated by applying a selected selenium activation conditioner in the soil before planting crops, the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of the soil takes human and animal excrement, citric acid residues, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran as solid substrates, and the activity of residual activated sludge subjected to hydrothermal electrolyte reaction is assisted, so that the property of the planting soil can be effectively improved, the selenium element in the soil is converted into effective selenium which is easier to absorb, the activation of the selenium element in the soil can be realized, the effective selenium content in the soil is increased, the selenium-rich crops can be more easily planted, the selenium content of the planted crops is effectively increased, and various nutritional ingredients rich in the conditioner are beneficial to increasing the yield of the planted crops.

Detailed Description

Preparation example 1

The conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil is prepared by the following method:

(1) placing the residual activated sludge with the water content of more than 90% in a jacket enamel reaction kettle, adding a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 50mmol/L as an electrolyte solution (the electrolyte solution contains choline chloride with the concentration of 80 mmol/L), fully and uniformly mixing, controlling the hydrothermal temperature to be 60 ℃ to perform hydrothermal electrolyte reaction for 2 hours, and collecting the activated sludge discharged from the reaction kettle for later use;

(2) according to the following steps: 5: 3: 5: 3, uniformly mixing human and animal excreta, citric acid residues, walnut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran in a mass ratio, crushing the mixed solid matrix, and sieving the crushed solid matrix with a sieve of 80-100 meshes for later use;

(3) mixing the activated sludge in the step (1) and the solid substrate in the step (2) according to the ratio of 5: 10, and naturally piling and piling for 15 hours at normal temperature, wherein the process needs to be timely and uniformly turned;

(4) and (4) performing agglomeration granulation on the pile fermentation product obtained in the step (3) according to a conventional mode, drying at a low temperature in a conventional manner, and sieving to obtain particles with the particle size of about 2mm, thus obtaining the pile fermentation product.

The planting method of the selenium-rich highland barley in the preparation example comprises the following steps:

(1) land preparation: selecting a planting land block with good irrigation conditions, proper fertility and ideal selenium content, deep ploughing and fine harrowing before planting, adding the selenium activation conditioner into soil of the planting land block according to the dosage of 30 kg/mu, and applying a base fertilizer according to a conventional planting mode, wherein the application dosage per mu of the base fertilizer is as follows: 1800kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of urea and 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are completely applied into soil for soil preparation;

(2) sowing: selecting high-quality highland barley seeds, removing mildew and impurities, drying the seeds in the sun, and carrying out seed dressing treatment with a conventional dose by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder; sowing in late March, wherein machine-row sowing is adopted for sowing, the row spacing is controlled to be 20cm, the sowing depth is controlled to be about 5cm, and the sowing quantity per mu is controlled to be about 12 kg;

(3) topdressing: weeding and watering are carried out during the two-leaf one-heart period of the highland barley, and 5 kg/mu of urea is applied; in the period of highland barley jointing, 5 kg/mu of urea and 3 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied; and carrying out topdressing outside roots at a proper period, and properly topdressing 2 wt% of boron fertilizer and 1 wt% of monopotassium phosphate for spraying;

(4) irrigation: reasonable irrigation is carried out in the seedling emergence period, the flowering period and the irrigation channel of the highland barley; the watering amount is not suitable for one-time transition, a small amount of water and fertilizer are properly controlled in the early stage of jointing, so that the surface layer of the soil is in a drier state, the soil is favorable for the consolidation of the basal internodes, and the anti-falling capability is enhanced;

(5) and (6) harvesting at proper time.

Preparation example 2

(1) placing the residual activated sludge with the water content of more than 90% in a jacket enamel reaction kettle, adding a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 30mmol/L as an electrolyte solution (the electrolyte solution contains choline chloride with the concentration of 100 mmol/L), fully and uniformly mixing, controlling the hydrothermal temperature to be 50 ℃ to perform hydrothermal electrolyte reaction for 2 hours, and collecting the activated sludge discharged from the reaction kettle for later use;

(2) according to the following steps of 1: 8: 2: 8: 1, uniformly mixing human and animal excrement, citric acid residues, walnut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran in a mass ratio, crushing the mixed solid matrix, and sieving the crushed solid matrix with a sieve of 80-100 meshes for later use;

(3) mixing the activated sludge in the step (1) and the solid substrate in the step (2) according to the ratio of 3: 10, and naturally piling and piling for 18 hours at normal temperature, wherein the process needs to be timely and uniformly turned;

(4) irrigation: reasonable irrigation is carried out in the seedling emergence period, the flowering period and the irrigation channel of the highland barley; the watering amount is not suitable to be excessive for one time, and a small amount of watering is suitable to be performed for multiple times;

(5) and (6) harvesting at proper time.

Preparation example 3

(1) placing the residual activated sludge with the water content of more than 90% in a jacket enamel reaction kettle, adding a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 80mmol/L as an electrolyte solution (the electrolyte solution contains choline chloride with the concentration of 50 mmol/L), fully and uniformly mixing, controlling the hydrothermal temperature to be 80 ℃ to perform hydrothermal electrolyte reaction for 2 hours, and collecting the activated sludge discharged from the reaction kettle for later use;

(2) according to the following steps of 3: 3: 4: 2: 5, uniformly mixing human and animal excrements, citric acid residues, Chinese chestnut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran in a mass ratio, crushing the mixed solid matrix, and sieving the crushed solid matrix with a sieve of 80-100 meshes for later use;

(3) mixing the activated sludge in the step (1) and the solid substrate in the step (2) according to the ratio of 8: 10, and naturally piling and piling for 12 hours at normal temperature, wherein the process needs to be timely and uniformly turned;

(5) and (6) harvesting at proper time.

Comparative example 1

The planting method of the selenium-enriched highland barley in the comparative example is the same as that in the preparation example 1, and the difference is only that in the preparation of the selenium activation conditioner, the residual activated sludge is directly mixed with the solid matrix without the step of performing the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction treatment in the step (1).

Comparative example 2

The planting method of the selenium-enriched highland barley in the comparative example is the same as that in the preparation example 1, and the difference is only that in the preparation of the selenium activation conditioner, the electrolyte solution does not contain choline chloride in the step (1).

Comparative example 3

The planting method of the selenium-enriched highland barley in the comparative example is the same as that in the preparation example 1, and the difference is that the selenium activation conditioner is not added in the planting process.

Examples of the experiments

4 planting plots with basically similar soil quality are respectively selected, the average selenium content of the soil is 0.39mg/kg through multipoint detection, and the effective selenium content is 89.2 mug/kg.

Highland barley was planted according to the planting method described in example 1 and comparative examples 1-3.

After harvesting the highland barley, respectively testing the total selenium content and the effective selenium content in the soil, and recording the selenium content in the dried highland barley malt in the following table 1.

Table 1 shows the results of the determination of selenium content in soil and highland barley treated by the selenium activation method

Numbering	Total selenium content (μ g/kg)	Effective selenium contentAmount (μ g/kg)	Highland barley malt selenium content (mg/kg)
				Example 1	68.2	20.1	372.3
Comparative example 1	151.1	31.3	213.9
				Comparative example 2	113.2	25.7	237.6
Comparative example 3	231.3	18.5	103.7

As can be seen from the data in the table, the selenium-enriched highland barley planting method can activate selenium in the soil by applying the selenium activation conditioner in the planting soil, effectively increase the content of effective selenium in the soil, promote the absorption of highland barley crops on the selenium to a certain extent, and also improve the selenium content of highland barley.

Example 1

The preparation method of the selenium-rich highland barley germinated rice comprises the following steps:

(2) placing the obtained highland barley embryo milk granules in purified water, controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃, soaking for 24h, and draining;

(3) placing the drained highland barley embryo milk granules into a nutritional germinating solution, controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃ for germinating for 48h, and collecting the highland barley germinated rice;

the highland barley bran decoction is a filtrate obtained by adding 4 times of water into highland barley bran, decocting and naturally cooling;

(4) and (4) performing conventional microwave drying on the germinated rice to obtain the germinated rice.

Example 2

(2) placing the obtained highland barley embryo milk granules in purified water, controlling the temperature to be 30 ℃, soaking for 18h, and draining;

(3) placing the drained highland barley embryo milk granules into a nutritional germinating solution, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃ for germinating for 24 hours, and collecting the highland barley germinated rice;

the highland barley bran decoction is a filtrate obtained by adding 3 times of water into highland barley bran, decocting and naturally cooling;

Example 3

(2) placing the obtained highland barley embryo milk granules in purified water, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃, soaking for 20h, and draining;

(3) placing the drained highland barley embryo milk particles into a nutritional germinating solution, controlling the temperature to be 22 ℃ for germinating for 26h, and collecting the highland barley germinated rice;

the highland barley bran decoction is a filtrate obtained by adding 5 times of water into highland barley bran, decocting and naturally cooling;

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the selenium-rich highland barley germinated rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(4) drying the germinated rice to obtain the product.

2. The method for preparing selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the soaking step is 20-30 ℃.

3. The method for preparing selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (2), the time of the soaking step is 18-24 h.

4. The method for preparing selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein in the step (3), the nutritional germinating liquid is highland barley bran decoction.

5. The method for preparing selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the highland barley bran decoction is a filtrate obtained by adding 3-5 times of water into highland barley bran, decocting and naturally cooling.

6. The method for preparing selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein in the step (3), the temperature of the germination step is 20-25 ℃.

7. The method for preparing selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein in the step (3), the time of the germination step is 24-48 h.

8. The method for preparing selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein in the step (4), the drying step is microwave drying.

9. The selenium-enriched highland barley germinated rice prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.