CN113880667A - Conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113880667A
CN113880667A CN202111177548.XA CN202111177548A CN113880667A CN 113880667 A CN113880667 A CN 113880667A CN 202111177548 A CN202111177548 A CN 202111177548A CN 113880667 A CN113880667 A CN 113880667A
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China
Prior art keywords
soil
conditioner
selenium
promoting
activation
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CN202111177548.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
高雪
谭海运
金涛
侯亚红
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Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Of Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences
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Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Of Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences
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Priority to CN202111177548.XA priority Critical patent/CN113880667A/en
Publication of CN113880667A publication Critical patent/CN113880667A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil, and further discloses a preparation method of the conditioner. According to the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil, human and animal excrement, citric acid residues, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran are used as solid substrates, the activity of residual activated sludge subjected to hydrothermal electrolyte reaction treatment is assisted, the property of planting soil can be effectively improved, selenium in the soil is converted into effective selenium which is easier to absorb, activation of the selenium in the soil can be achieved, the effective selenium content in the soil is increased, selenium-rich crops can be planted more easily, the selenium content of the planted crops is effectively increased, and the conditioner is rich in various nutritional ingredients and is beneficial to increasing the yield of the planted crops.

Description

Conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil, and further discloses a preparation method of the conditioner.
Background
Selenium is a trace element necessary for human and animal health, has biological characteristics of free radical removal, oxidation resistance, aging delay, cancer resistance, immunity enhancement, heavy metal antagonism and the like, has various pharmacological effects of cancer resistance, heart and liver protection, immunity enhancement, aging delay, reproductive function enhancement and the like, is praised as 'vital fire', 'king of cancer resistance' and 'heart guard' by scientists, and the immunity is greatly reduced and the risk of infecting various highly pathogenic viral diseases is obviously increased due to the selenium deficiency of human bodies. In 1988, the Chinese Nutrition society lists trace element selenium as one of dietary nutrients which must be taken by residents in China every day, and recommends that the daily selenium intake is 50-250mg, but the average daily selenium intake of adults in China is only about 36 mg.
Selenium sources of human bodies are mainly ingested by diet, and selenium-rich agricultural and sideline products are effective ways for supplementing selenium elements to human bodies, so that the development of selenium-rich agricultural products is a hot spot field for research and development of scientists. Since selenium is associated with metal sulfides in the earth crust and exists in the form of rocks, although selenium in the rocks cannot be absorbed by crops, the selenium in the rocks can be converted into oxides through weathering, erosion, physical, chemical, microbial and other actions, and then the oxides are washed into soil to form various forms of selenium, such as elemental selenium, organic selenium, selenite, selenate and the like. Selenium in soil can be divided into: selenate, selenite, elemental selenium, and selenide; according to the binding type, the method can be divided into: soluble state and weak adsorption state, exchangeable state, carbonate binding state, iron manganese oxide binding state, organic matter binding state, residue state and the like. Selenium in different valence states and different combination states has different migration and transformation capacities in soil and different effectiveness on plants, so that the effective selenium content in the soil is a key factor determining the selenium content in the plants rather than full selenium. The effectiveness of selenium is influenced by soil total selenium, soil texture, soil pH, Eh, organic matter, etc., wherein soluble, exchangeable and carbonate bound selenium is most effective for crop absorption.
About two thirds of areas in China belong to internationally recognized selenium-deficient areas, wherein nearly one third of areas belong to serious selenium deficiency, so that 70% of people live in the selenium-deficient areas in China, and especially, keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease patients in certain areas in Tibet are caused by long-term selenium deficiency in the living areas. According to the investigation of the selenium content in the soil of the Tibet region, the total selenium content in the soil of the Tibet region is low, and the selenium content is regularly distributed in strips. However, in the area of the south of bujiang in Yaluzang, most areas of the south of the mountain, the first line of Yadong county, Baba county, Karma county, Jiangzui county and Lanka county of the selenium-rich area of Chuchu river, and the areas of the Ritudinian county and Zadao county in the Ali area in the west, the total selenium content in the soil is more than twice of the total selenium content in the soil of other areas in Tibet, and the standard of the medium-selenium soil can be achieved. Therefore, the development of selenium-rich products in Tibet areas becomes possible, and on one hand, the selenium nutrition level of Tibetan residents can be safely and effectively improved; on the other hand, the development of selenium-rich agricultural and livestock products is increased under the ecological environment of the clean soil in Tibet, and the product quality and the market competitiveness are improved.
However, the current investigation aiming at the total selenium content in the soil of the Tibet region is not accurate enough to find out the regional distribution position of the selenium-containing soil in the main agricultural region of the Tibet, and on the other hand, the unique geographical environment and climate of the Tibet region also influence the effective selenium content in the soil. Therefore, how to effectively improve the content and the state of effective selenium in the soil in the Tibet region and further develop selenium-rich agricultural products with Tibet characteristics can provide solid technical support for the construction of plateau ecological selenium cereals in Tibet and has important practical significance and necessity for accelerating the industrialization process of Tibet farming and animal husbandry.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil, which can effectively improve the content of effective selenium in the soil so as to promote the selenium content of crops;
the second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the preparation method of the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the residual activated sludge into an electrolyte solution containing ionic liquid, carrying out hydrothermal electrolyte reaction, and collecting the discharged activated sludge for later use;
(2) mixing human and animal feces, citric acid residue, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran to obtain a solid matrix;
(3) fully and uniformly mixing the activated sludge obtained in the step (1) and the solid matrix obtained in the step (2) for pile fermentation;
(4) and (4) performing agglomeration granulation, drying and sieving on the pile fermentation product obtained in the step (3) to obtain the pile fermentation product.
Specifically, in the step (1), the electrolyte solution includes a soluble calcium salt solution. Preferably, the electrolyte solution comprises a calcium chloride solution.
Specifically, in the step (1), the concentration of the electrolyte solution is 30-80 mmol/L.
Specifically, in the step (1), the ionic liquid includes choline chloride ionic liquid.
Specifically, in the step (1), the concentration of the ionic liquid in the electrolyte solution is 50-100 mmol/L.
Specifically, in the step (1), the temperature of the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction step is 50-80 ℃, and the pressure is normal pressure.
Specifically, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the human and animal excrement to the citric acid residues to the nut shell powder to the egg shell powder to the highland barley bran is 1-3: 3-8: 2-4: 2-8: 1-5.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the human and animal excreta, the citric acid residues, the nut shell powder, the egg shell powder and the highland barley bran is 2: 5: 3: 5: 3.
specifically, in the step (2), the nut shell powder comprises walnut shell powder and/or Chinese chestnut shell powder.
Specifically, the step (2) further comprises the step of crushing and sieving the solid matrix, and specifically, the sieving step is drying by passing through a 80-100-mesh screen.
Specifically, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the solid matrix to the activated sludge is 10: 3-8.
Specifically, in the step (3), the pile fermentation treatment step is to carry out pile fermentation for 12 to 18 hours at normal temperature.
The invention also discloses a conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil, which is prepared by the method.
The invention also discloses a using method of the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil, which comprises the step of applying the conditioner to the soil before planting crops.
According to the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil, human and animal excrement, citric acid residues, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran are used as solid substrates, the activity of residual activated sludge subjected to hydrothermal electrolyte reaction treatment is assisted, the property of planting soil can be effectively improved, selenium in the soil is converted into effective selenium which is easier to absorb, activation of the selenium in the soil can be realized, the effective selenium content in the soil is increased, absorption of highland barley crops on the selenium is promoted to a certain extent, selenium-rich crops are easier to plant, the selenium content of the planted crops is effectively increased, and various nutritional ingredients rich in the conditioner are beneficial to increasing the yield of the planted crops.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil is prepared by the following method:
(1) placing the residual activated sludge with the water content of more than 90% in a jacket enamel reaction kettle, adding a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 50mmol/L as an electrolyte solution (the electrolyte solution contains choline chloride with the concentration of 80 mmol/L), fully and uniformly mixing, controlling the hydrothermal temperature to be 60 ℃ to perform hydrothermal electrolyte reaction for 2 hours, and collecting the activated sludge discharged from the reaction kettle for later use;
(2) according to the following steps: 5: 3: 5: 3, uniformly mixing human and animal excreta, citric acid residues, walnut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran in a mass ratio, crushing the mixed solid matrix, and sieving the crushed solid matrix with a sieve of 80-100 meshes for later use;
(3) mixing the activated sludge in the step (1) and the solid substrate in the step (2) according to the ratio of 5: 10, and naturally piling and piling for 15 hours at normal temperature, wherein the process needs to be timely and uniformly turned;
(4) and (4) performing agglomeration granulation on the pile fermentation product obtained in the step (3) according to a conventional mode, drying at a low temperature in a conventional manner, and sieving to obtain particles with the particle size of about 2mm, thus obtaining the pile fermentation product.
Example 2
The conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil is prepared by the following method:
(1) placing the residual activated sludge with the water content of more than 90% in a jacket enamel reaction kettle, adding a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 30mmol/L as an electrolyte solution (the electrolyte solution contains choline chloride with the concentration of 100 mmol/L), fully and uniformly mixing, controlling the hydrothermal temperature to be 50 ℃ to perform hydrothermal electrolyte reaction for 2 hours, and collecting the activated sludge discharged from the reaction kettle for later use;
(2) according to the following steps of 1: 8: 2: 8: 1, uniformly mixing human and animal excrement, citric acid residues, walnut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran in a mass ratio, crushing the mixed solid matrix, and sieving the crushed solid matrix with a sieve of 80-100 meshes for later use;
(3) mixing the activated sludge in the step (1) and the solid substrate in the step (2) according to the ratio of 3: 10, and naturally piling and piling for 18 hours at normal temperature, wherein the process needs to be timely and uniformly turned;
(4) and (4) performing agglomeration granulation on the pile fermentation product obtained in the step (3) according to a conventional mode, drying at a low temperature in a conventional manner, and sieving to obtain particles with the particle size of about 2mm, thus obtaining the pile fermentation product.
Example 3
The conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil is prepared by the following method:
(1) placing the residual activated sludge with the water content of more than 90% in a jacket enamel reaction kettle, adding a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 80mmol/L as an electrolyte solution (the electrolyte solution contains choline chloride with the concentration of 50 mmol/L), fully and uniformly mixing, controlling the hydrothermal temperature to be 80 ℃ to perform hydrothermal electrolyte reaction for 2 hours, and collecting the activated sludge discharged from the reaction kettle for later use;
(2) according to the following steps of 3: 3: 4: 2: 5, uniformly mixing human and animal excrements, citric acid residues, Chinese chestnut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran in a mass ratio, crushing the mixed solid matrix, and sieving the crushed solid matrix with a sieve of 80-100 meshes for later use;
(3) mixing the activated sludge in the step (1) and the solid substrate in the step (2) according to the ratio of 8: 10, and naturally piling and piling for 12 hours at normal temperature, wherein the process needs to be timely and uniformly turned;
(4) and (4) performing agglomeration granulation on the pile fermentation product obtained in the step (3) according to a conventional mode, drying at a low temperature in a conventional manner, and sieving to obtain particles with the particle size of about 2mm, thus obtaining the pile fermentation product.
Comparative example 1
The conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil according to the comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that the surplus activated sludge was not subjected to the step of hydrothermal electrolyte reaction treatment in step (1) but was directly mixed with the solid substrate.
Comparative example 2
The conditioner for promoting selenium activation in soil of the comparative example is prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the electrolyte solution does not contain choline chloride in the step (1).
Comparative example 3
The conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil of the comparative example is prepared by the same method as that of example 1, and only differs from the method in step (1) in that choline chloride is not contained in the electrolyte solution, and an equivalent amount of imidazolium chloride type ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) is added.
Comparative example 4
The conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil in the comparative example is prepared by the same method as the preparation method of the conditioner in the example 1, and only in the difference that in the step (1), the electrolyte solution is equal-concentration sodium chloride solution.
Examples of the experiments
Respectively selecting 6 planting plots with basically similar soil quality, and detecting the average selenium content of the soil to be 0.39mg/kg and the effective selenium content to be 89.2 mug/kg through multiple points.
Respectively planting highland barley in the planting plots according to a conventional planting mode, adding the conditioner in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1-4 into planting soil according to the addition amount of 30 kg/mu and fully and uniformly turning when turning the soil before sowing, and taking the plot without the conditioner as a negative control.
The planting method of the selenium-rich highland barley comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting a planting land block with good irrigation conditions, proper fertility and ideal selenium content, deep ploughing and fine harrowing before planting, adding the selenium activation conditioner into soil of the planting land block according to the dosage of 30 kg/mu, and applying a base fertilizer according to a conventional planting mode, wherein the application dosage per mu of the base fertilizer is as follows: 1800kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of urea and 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are completely applied into soil for soil preparation;
(2) sowing: selecting high-quality highland barley seeds, removing mildew and impurities, drying the seeds in the sun, and carrying out seed dressing treatment with a conventional dose by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder; sowing in late March, wherein machine-row sowing is adopted for sowing, the row spacing is controlled to be 20cm, the sowing depth is controlled to be about 5cm, and the sowing quantity per mu is controlled to be about 12 kg;
(3) topdressing: weeding and watering are carried out during the two-leaf one-heart period of the highland barley, and 5 kg/mu of urea is applied; in the period of highland barley jointing, 5 kg/mu of urea and 3 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied; and carrying out topdressing outside roots at a proper period, and properly topdressing 2 wt% of boron fertilizer and 1 wt% of monopotassium phosphate for spraying;
(4) irrigation: reasonable irrigation is carried out in the seedling emergence period, the flowering period and the irrigation channel of the highland barley; the watering amount is not suitable for one-time transition, a small amount of water and fertilizer are properly controlled in the early stage of jointing, so that the surface layer of the soil is in a drier state, the soil is favorable for the consolidation of the basal internodes, and the anti-falling capability is enhanced;
(5) and (6) harvesting at proper time.
After harvesting the highland barley, the total selenium content, the effective selenium content in the soil and the selenium content in the dried highland barley malt were respectively tested and recorded in the following table 1.
Table 1 shows the results of the determination of selenium content in soil and highland barley treated with the conditioner
Numbering Total selenium content (μ g/kg) Effective selenium content (μ g/kg) Highland barley malt selenium content (mg/kg)
Example 1 68.2 20.1 372.3
Comparative example 1 151.1 31.3 213.9
Comparative example 2 113.2 25.7 237.6
Comparative example 3 108.9 23.8 311.3
Comparative example 4 98.7 22.4 341.2
Negative control 231.3 18.5 103.7
As can be seen from the data in the table, the conditioner can activate selenium in soil, effectively increases the content of effective selenium in soil, promotes the selenium absorption of highland barley crops to a certain extent, and also improves the selenium content of highland barley.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding the residual activated sludge into an electrolyte solution containing ionic liquid, carrying out hydrothermal electrolyte reaction, and collecting the discharged activated sludge for later use;
(2) mixing human and animal feces, citric acid residue, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran to obtain a solid matrix;
(3) fully and uniformly mixing the activated sludge obtained in the step (1) and the solid matrix obtained in the step (2) for pile fermentation;
(4) and (4) performing agglomeration granulation, drying and sieving on the pile fermentation product obtained in the step (3) to obtain the pile fermentation product.
2. The method for preparing a soil selenium activation promoting conditioner according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the electrolyte solution comprises a soluble calcium salt solution.
3. The preparation method of the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the electrolyte solution is 30-80 mmol/L.
4. The method for preparing a conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step (1), the ionic liquid comprises choline chloride ionic liquid.
5. The preparation method of the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the ionic liquid in the electrolyte solution is 50-100 mmol/L.
6. The method for preparing a conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (1), the temperature of the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction step is 50-80 ℃, and the pressure is normal pressure.
7. The method for preparing the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the human and animal excrement, the citric acid residues, the nut shell powder, the egg shell powder and the highland barley bran is 1-3: 3-8: 2-4: 2-8: 1-5.
8. The method for preparing the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step (3), the mass ratio of the solid matrix to the activated sludge is 10: 3-8.
9. The preparation method of the conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the step (3), the pile fermentation treatment step is carried out at normal temperature for 12 to 18 hours.
10. A conditioner for promoting selenium activation in soil prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202111177548.XA 2021-10-09 2021-10-09 Conditioner for promoting selenium activation of soil and preparation method thereof Pending CN113880667A (en)

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Application publication date: 20220104

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication