CN113994804A - Potato balanced fertilization expert system is made in winter based on target output - Google Patents
Potato balanced fertilization expert system is made in winter based on target output Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/002—Apparatus for sowing fertiliser; Fertiliser drill
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
- A01N43/76—1,3-Oxazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
- A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Mining
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of potatoes and discloses a winter-crop potato balanced fertilization expert system based on target yield. In the invention, the total fertilization scheme is that according to the balance fertilization target yield method, the pure nitrogen (N)4.14, phosphorus (P2O5)2.34 and potassium (K2O)8.74 kg are absorbed by every 1000 kg of fresh potatoes produced: under the condition of applying 400-kilo/mu high-quality commercial organic fertilizer or other high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer containing equivalent nutrients, the fertilizer application scheme is shown in figure 6, the fertilizer dosage in figure 6 is determined at a medium-low level according to the soil nitrogen and potassium fertility, the N dosage is determined firstly, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer dosage is determined according to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the actual application dosage is properly adjusted according to the local soil fertility condition and the planting mode, so that the effects of realizing the high yield, high quality and high efficiency of the winter potatoes are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of potatoes, in particular to a winter potato balanced fertilization expert system based on target yield.
Background
Potatoes belong to solanaceae and are annual herbaceous plants, tubers of which are edible, are the fourth most important grain crops in the world, and are second only to wheat, rice and corn. The potato is also called potato, yam, taro, sweet potato, yam, yangtao, sweet potato, etc. (the same area in Shanxi province is also called yam). Some provinces in the south, also called "winter potatoes", are often planted in winter after harvesting rice in autumn.
The existing potato planting methods in the market are different from place to place, so that the yield of potatoes is different from place to place, the yield of the potatoes is closely related to the growth environment of the potatoes, and in order to meet the elements required by the growth of the potatoes, fertilizers are generally scattered around the potatoes, so that the elements in the fertilizers greatly influence the yield of the potatoes, so that excessive fertilizers are generally applied to the potatoes, the fertilizer waste is easily caused, and the yield of the potatoes is reduced due to the surplus of nutrients in the potatoes.
To this end, we propose a winter potato balanced fertilization expert system based on target yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the prior art and provides a balanced fertilization expert system for winter potatoes based on target yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is that the winter-crop potato balanced fertilization expert system based on the target yield comprises a potato planting system, and the potato planting system comprises a soil preparation system, a sowing system, a fertilization system and a weeding system.
Preferably, the soil preparation system comprises a rotary cultivator, a furrow opener and a ridger.
Preferably, the output end of the rotary cultivator is connected with the input end of the furrow opener, and the output end of the furrow opener is connected with the input end of the ridge former.
Preferably, the seeding system comprises a seed cutting module, a first stirring module and a planting module.
Preferably, the output end of the seed cutting module is fixedly connected with the input end of the first stirring module, and the output end of the first stirring module is connected with the input end of the planting module.
Preferably, the fertilizing system comprises a classification module, a stirring module II and a fertilizing module.
Preferably, the output end of the classification module is connected with the input end of the second stirring module, and the output end of the second stirring module is connected with the input end of the fertilization module.
Preferably, the weeding system comprises a monitoring module, a spraying module and a weeding module.
Preferably, the output end of the monitoring module is connected with the input end of the spraying module, and the output end of the monitoring module is connected with the weeding module.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a winter potato balanced fertilization expert system based on target yield. The method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the winter potato balanced fertilization expert system based on the target yield is calculated according to data in fig. 6 according to the requirement that every 1000 kg of fresh potatoes needs to absorb 4.14 kg of pure nitrogen (N), 2.34 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 8.74 kg of potassium (K2O), and according to a balanced fertilization target yield method, the total fertilization scheme is as follows: under the condition of applying 400-600 kg/mu of high-quality commercial organic fertilizer or other high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer containing equivalent nutrients, the fertilizer application scheme is shown in figure 6. The fertilizer dosage in figure 6 is determined according to the soil nitrogen and potassium fertility at a medium-low level, the N dosage is determined firstly, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer dosage is determined according to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The actual application amount is properly adjusted according to the local soil fertility condition and the planting mode, so that the high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency effect of the potatoes planted in winter is achieved.
(2) The winter potato balanced fertilization expert system based on the target yield stores the rotten dry chicken powder or high-quality fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer through a classification module in the fertilization system, mixes the rotten dry chicken powder or high-quality fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer according to the proportion through a stirring module II, and applies 600 kilograms of rotten dry chicken powder or equivalent high-quality organic fertilizer to each mu of fertilizer; applying the decomposed dry chicken powder or equivalent high-quality organic fertilizer into soil by using a fertilizer application module according to the amount in the figure 6, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium base fertilizer and the top dressing are distributed according to the principle that the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer are heavy before and light after the phosphorus fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate or a compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate) is light before and heavy after the potassium fertilizer, and the top dressing is generally carried out for 2-3 times before the last time before closing; 1-more potatoes can emerge from each hole, and the strongest 2-3 potatoes are selected and reserved within one week after seedling alignment so as to facilitate the growth of large potatoes and high yield; the whole growth period is earthed up for 1 time: mainly hilling the place where the soil covered on the film does not reach 5-6 cm, and during hilling, the soil is prevented from covering the leaves or damaging the stems as much as possible, so that the effect of protecting potato seedlings and improving the yield of potatoes is achieved.
(3) The potato seed balanced fertilization expert system based on the target yield utilizes the seeding module to plant potatoes in soil, the seeding density is generally preferably 5000-; after sowing and earthing, covering the ridge surface with a 0.012 mm black film, covering 5-6 cm fine soil on the black film, improving the growth environment of the potato seedlings, and covering furrows according to 110 cm to form furrows, wherein the width of the furrow surface is 85-90 cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20-25 cm, the width of the furrow between ridges is 20-25 cm, soil blocks are required to be broken finely, the ridge surface and the furrow bottom are straight, and the condition that the potato seedlings compete for nutrients mutually is avoided by controlling the plant spacing between the potato seedlings.
(4) The potato seed balance fertilization expert system based on the target yield cuts the potato seeds through the seed cutting module, so that the potato seed blocks are 25-30 g; 2.5 kilograms of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 2.5 kilograms of 58 percent metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder and 0.2 kilogram of 72 percent zhongshengmycin wettable powder are uniformly mixed with 50 kilograms of talcum powder to form powder by utilizing a first stirring module, 2 kilograms of mixed powder is uniformly mixed into each 100 kilograms of cut potatoes, the mixture is required to be uniformly mixed into the cut surfaces within 30 minutes after the cut potatoes are cut into pieces, the contact area between the potatoes and the powder is increased by cutting the potatoes into pieces, the potatoes can better absorb nutrition in the powder, and the survival rate of the potatoes is increased.
(5) The winter potato balanced fertilization expert system based on the target yield monitors the water holding capacity of the potatoes in the growing period through a monitoring module in a weeding system, so that the potatoes are always kept at 60-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field (the relative water content of soil is kept at about 65% in the seedling period); the relative water content of the soil is kept between 75 and 80 percent from the formation of the tubers to the expansion period of the tubers; the relative water content of the soil in the starch accumulation period is kept between 60 and 65 percent; directionally spraying 200-250 times of 20% glufosinate ammonium solution to the potatoes by using a spraying module on weeds growing before row sealing after potato sowing; or artificially weeding with hilling; artificially weeding the malignant weeds growing after row sealing; the prevention and treatment of the late blight are carried out one month before a rainy season comes, the spraying module is utilized again to spray chemical agents such as 72% of frost urea, manganese zinc, 50% of dimethomorph, 68% of metalaxyl, manganese zinc, 18.7% of enoyl, pyrazole ester, 25% of azoxystrobin, 70% of propineb and 64% of oxadixyl, manganese zinc and the like on the potatoes, preferably two chemical agents are sprayed alternately, and the two chemical agents are sprayed once every 7-10 days and continuously sprayed for 4 times, so that the survival rate of the potatoes is further increased, and the effect of reducing the loss of farmers is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a target yield-based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the soil preparation system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a sowing system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fertilization system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a weeding system according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a table of fertilizer application ranges based on target yields for the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: a target yield based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system, as shown in fig. 1-5, includes a potato planting system including a soil preparation system, a seeding system, a fertilization system, and a weeding system.
The land preparation system comprises a rotary cultivator, a furrow opener and a ridger;
the output end of the rotary cultivator is connected with the input end of the furrow opener, and the output end of the furrow opener is connected with the input end of the ridge former.
Soil is smashed through a rotary cultivator in a soil preparation system, strip-shaped planting layers are built in the smashed soil through a furrow opener and a ridge former, furrows are covered according to 110 cm to form furrows, wherein the width of each furrow surface is 85-90 cm, the height of each furrow surface is 20-25 cm, the width of each furrow between every two ridges is 20-25 cm, soil blocks are required to be smashed finely, and the ridge surfaces and the furrow bottoms are straight.
The seeding system comprises a seed cutting module, a first stirring module and a planting module;
the output end of the seed cutting module is fixedly connected with the input end of the first stirring module, and the output end of the first stirring module is connected with the input end of the planting module.
Seed potatoes are cut through a seed cutting module in the sowing system, so that the seed potatoes are cut into 25-30 g; uniformly mixing 2.5 kg of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 2.5 kg of 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder and 0.2 kg of 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder with 50 kg of talcum powder by using a first stirring module to form powder, uniformly mixing 2 kg of mixed powder into each 100 kg of potato cut blocks, and uniformly mixing the mixture into the cut surfaces within 30 minutes after the cut blocks are required; planting the seed potatoes in soil by using a seeding module, wherein the seeding density is generally 4000-; after seeding and earthing, the surface of the ridge is covered by a black film of 0.012 mm, and fine soil of 5-6 cm is covered on the black film.
The fertilizing system comprises a classification module, a stirring module II and a fertilizing module;
the output end of the classification module is connected with the input end of the second stirring module, and the output end of the second stirring module is connected with the input end of the fertilization module.
Storing the decomposed dry chicken powder or high-quality fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer by a classification module in the fertilizing system, mixing the decomposed dry chicken powder or high-quality fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer in proportion by a stirring module II, and applying 600 kilograms of decomposed dry chicken powder or equivalent high-quality organic fertilizer to each mu of fertilizer; applying the decomposed dry chicken powder or equivalent high-quality organic fertilizer into soil by using a fertilizer application module according to the amount in the figure 6, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium base fertilizer and the top dressing are distributed according to the principle that the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer are heavy before and light after the phosphorus fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate or a compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate) is light before and heavy after the potassium fertilizer, and are generally topdressed for 2-3 times, and the last time is before closing; 1-more potatoes can emerge from each hole, and the strongest 2-3 potatoes are selected and reserved within one week after seedling alignment so as to facilitate the growth of large potatoes and high yield; the whole growth period is earthed up for 1 time: mainly hilling the place where the soil on the membrane does not reach 5-6 cm, and during hilling, the soil is prevented from covering the leaves or damaging the stems as much as possible.
The weeding system comprises a monitoring module, a spraying module and a weeding module;
the output end of the monitoring module is connected with the input end of the spraying module, and the output end of the monitoring module is connected with the weeding module.
The water holding capacity of the potatoes in the growing period is monitored through a monitoring module in a weeding system, so that the potatoes are always kept at 60-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field (the relative water content of soil is kept at about 65% in the seedling period); the relative water content of the soil is kept between 75 and 80 percent from the formation of the tubers to the expansion period of the tubers; the relative water content of the soil in the starch accumulation period is kept between 60 and 65 percent;
directionally spraying 200-250 times of 20% glufosinate ammonium solution to the potatoes by using a spraying module on weeds growing before row sealing after potato sowing; or artificially weeding with hilling; artificially weeding the malignant weeds growing after row sealing; the prevention and treatment of the late blight are to spray chemical agents such as 72% of frost urea, manganese zinc, 50% of dimethomorph, 68% of metalaxyl, manganese zinc, 18.7% of enoyl, pyrazole ester, 25% of azoxystrobin, 70% of propineb and 64% of oxadixyl, manganese zinc and the like on the potatoes by using the spraying module again one month before a rainy season comes, preferably two chemical agents are sprayed in turn, and the two chemical agents are sprayed once every 7-10 days and are continuously sprayed for 4 times.
Example two: a target yield based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system, as shown in fig. 1-5, includes a potato planting system including a soil preparation system, a seeding system, a fertilization system, and a weeding system.
The land preparation system comprises a rotary cultivator, a furrow opener and a ridger;
the output end of the rotary cultivator is connected with the input end of the furrow opener, and the output end of the furrow opener is connected with the input end of the ridge former.
Soil is smashed through a rotary cultivator in the soil preparation system, a strip-shaped planting layer is built in the smashed soil through a furrow opener and a ridge former, furrows are covered according to 110 centimeters to form furrows, the width of each furrow surface is 85 centimeters, the height of each furrow surface is 20 centimeters, the width of each furrow between ridges is 20 centimeters, soil blocks are required to be smashed finely, and the ridge surfaces and the furrow bottoms are straight.
The seeding system comprises a seed cutting module, a first stirring module and a planting module;
the output end of the seed cutting module is fixedly connected with the input end of the first stirring module, and the output end of the first stirring module is connected with the input end of the planting module.
Seed potatoes are cut through a seed cutting module in the sowing system, so that the seed potatoes are cut into 25 g; uniformly mixing 2.5 kg of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 2.5 kg of 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder and 0.2 kg of 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder with 50 kg of talcum powder by using a first stirring module to form powder, uniformly mixing 2 kg of mixed powder into each 100 kg of potato cut blocks, and uniformly mixing the mixture into the cut surfaces within 30 minutes after the cut blocks are required; planting potato seeds in soil by using a seeding module, wherein the seeding density is generally 4000 plants/mu, the row spacing in the double-row planting ridges is about 30 cm, the plant spacing is 25 cm, the row spacing is determined, and the plant spacing can be properly adjusted along with the seeding density; after seeding and earthing, the surface of the ridge is covered by a black film of 0.012 mm, and fine soil of 5-6 cm is covered on the black film.
The fertilizing system comprises a classification module, a stirring module II and a fertilizing module;
the output end of the classification module is connected with the input end of the second stirring module, and the output end of the second stirring module is connected with the input end of the fertilization module.
Storing the decomposed dry chicken powder or high-quality fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer by a classification module in the fertilizing system, mixing the decomposed dry chicken powder or high-quality fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer in proportion by a stirring module II, and applying 600 kilograms of decomposed dry chicken manure or equivalent high-quality organic fertilizer to each mu of fertilizer; applying the decomposed dry chicken powder or equivalent high-quality organic fertilizer into soil by using a fertilizer application module according to the amount in the figure 6, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium base fertilizer and the top dressing are distributed according to the principle that the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer are heavy before and light after the phosphorus fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate or a compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate) is light before and heavy after the potassium fertilizer, and are generally topdressed for 2-3 times, and the last time is before closing; 1-more potatoes can emerge from each hole, and the strongest 2-3 potatoes are selected and reserved within one week after seedling alignment so as to facilitate the growth of large potatoes and high yield; the whole growth period is earthed up for 1 time: mainly hilling the place where the soil on the membrane does not reach 5 cm, and during hilling, the soil is prevented from covering the leaves or damaging the stems as much as possible.
The weeding system comprises a monitoring module, a spraying module and a weeding module;
the output end of the monitoring module is connected with the input end of the spraying module, and the output end of the monitoring module is connected with the weeding module.
The water holding capacity of the potatoes in the growing period is monitored through a monitoring module in a weeding system, so that the potatoes are always kept at 60-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field (the relative water content of soil is kept at about 65% in the seedling period); the relative water content of the soil is kept between 75 and 80 percent from the formation of the tubers to the expansion period of the tubers; the relative water content of the soil in the starch accumulation period is kept between 60 and 65 percent;
directionally spraying 200-250 times of 20% glufosinate ammonium solution to the potatoes by using a spraying module on weeds growing before row sealing after potato sowing; or artificially weeding with hilling; artificially weeding the malignant weeds growing after row sealing; the prevention and treatment of the late blight are to spray chemical agents such as 72% of frost urea, manganese zinc, 50% of dimethomorph, 68% of metalaxyl, manganese zinc, 18.7% of enoyl, pyrazole ester, 25% of azoxystrobin, 70% of propineb and 64% of oxadixyl, manganese zinc and the like on the potatoes by using the spraying module again one month before a rainy season comes, preferably two chemical agents are sprayed in turn, and the two chemical agents are sprayed once every 7-10 days and are continuously sprayed for 4 times.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
in the present invention, according to the data in fig. 6, the total fertilization scheme is calculated according to the equilibrium fertilization target yield method, wherein each 1000 kg of fresh potatoes needs to absorb 4.14 kg of pure nitrogen (N), 2.34 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 8.74 kg of potassium (K2O): under the condition of applying 400-600 kg/mu of high-quality commercial organic fertilizer or other high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer containing equivalent nutrients, the fertilizer application scheme is shown in figure 6. The fertilizer dosage in figure 6 is determined according to the soil nitrogen and potassium fertility at a medium-low level, the N dosage is determined firstly, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer dosage is determined according to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The actual application amount is properly adjusted according to the local soil fertility condition and the planting mode so as to realize the high yield, high quality and high efficiency of the potatoes planted in winter.
In the invention, the decomposed dry chicken powder or high-quality fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer are stored through a classification module in the fertilization system, and the decomposed dry chicken powder or high-quality fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion through a stirring module II, wherein the fertilizer is required to be applied by 600 kg of decomposed dry chicken powder or equivalent high-quality organic fertilizer per mu; applying the decomposed dry chicken powder or equivalent high-quality organic fertilizer into soil by using a fertilizer application module according to the amount in the figure 6, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium base fertilizer and the top dressing are distributed according to the principle that the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer are heavy before and light after the phosphorus fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate or a compound fertilizer containing potassium sulfate) is light before and heavy after the potassium fertilizer, and the top dressing is generally carried out for 2-3 times before the last time before closing; 1-more potatoes can emerge from each hole, and the strongest 2-3 potatoes are selected and reserved within one week after seedling alignment so as to facilitate the growth of large potatoes and high yield; the whole growth period is earthed up for 1 time: mainly hilling the place where the soil covered on the film does not reach 5-6 cm, and during hilling, the soil is prevented from covering the leaves or damaging the stems as much as possible, so that the effect of protecting potato seedlings and improving the yield of potatoes is achieved.
In the invention, the seed potatoes are planted in the soil by using the seeding module, the seeding density is generally 4000-; after sowing and earthing, covering the ridge surface with a 0.012 mm black film, covering 5-6 cm fine soil on the black film, improving the growth environment of the potato seedlings, and covering furrows according to 110 cm to form furrows, wherein the width of the furrow surface is 85-90 cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20-25 cm, the width of the furrow between ridges is 20-25 cm, soil blocks are required to be broken finely, the ridge surface and the furrow bottom are straight, and the condition that the potato seedlings compete for nutrients mutually is avoided by controlling the gaps between the potato seedlings.
In the invention, seed potatoes are cut through a seed cutting module, so that the seed potatoes are cut into 25-30 g; uniformly mixing 2.5 kilograms of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 2.5 kilograms of 58 percent metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder and 0.2 kilograms of 3 percent zhongshengmycin wettable powder into 50 kilograms of talcum powder by utilizing a first stirring module to form powder, uniformly mixing 2 kilograms of mixed powder into each 100 kilograms of cut potatoes, and requiring the cut potatoes to be uniformly mixed into a cut surface within 30 minutes after cutting, so that the contact area between the potatoes and the powder is increased by cutting the potatoes into blocks, the potatoes can better absorb nutrition in the powder, and the survival rate of the potatoes is increased.
In the invention, the water holding capacity of the potatoes in the growing period is monitored by a monitoring module in a weeding system, so that the potatoes are always kept at 60-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field (the relative water content of soil is kept at about 65% in the seedling period); the relative water content of the soil is kept between 75 and 80 percent from the formation of the tubers to the expansion period of the tubers; the relative water content of the soil in the starch accumulation period is kept between 60 and 65 percent; directionally spraying 200-250 times of 20% glufosinate ammonium solution to the potatoes by using a spraying module on weeds growing before row sealing after potato sowing; or artificially weeding with hilling; artificially weeding the malignant weeds growing after row sealing; the prevention and treatment of the late blight are to spray chemical agents such as 72% of frost urea, manganese zinc, 50% of dimethomorph, 68% of metalaxyl, manganese zinc, 18.7% of enoyl, pyrazole ester, 25% of azoxystrobin, 70% of propineb and 64% of oxadixyl, manganese zinc and the like on the potatoes by using the spraying module again one month before a rainy season comes, preferably two chemical agents are sprayed alternately, and the two chemical agents are sprayed once every 7-10 days and continuously sprayed for 4 times, so that the survival rate of the potatoes is further increased, and the loss is reduced.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. Potato balanced fertilization expert system is made in winter based on target output, including potato planting system, its characterized in that: the potato planting system comprises a soil preparation system, a sowing system, a fertilizing system and a weeding system.
2. The target yield-based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system of claim 1, wherein: the land preparation system comprises a rotary cultivator, a furrow opener and a ridger.
3. The target yield-based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system of claim 2, wherein: the output end of the rotary cultivator is connected with the input end of the furrow opener, and the output end of the furrow opener is connected with the input end of the ridge former.
4. The target yield-based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system of claim 1, wherein: the seeding system comprises a seed cutting module, a first stirring module and a planting module.
5. The target yield-based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system of claim 4, wherein: the output end of the seed cutting module is fixedly connected with the input end of the first stirring module, and the output end of the first stirring module is connected with the input end of the planting module.
6. The target yield-based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system of claim 1, wherein: the fertilizing system comprises a classification module, a stirring module II and a fertilizing module.
7. The target yield-based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system of claim 6, wherein: the output end of the classification module is connected with the input end of the second stirring module, and the output end of the second stirring module is connected with the input end of the fertilization module.
8. The target yield-based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system of claim 1, wherein: the weeding system comprises a monitoring module, a spraying module and a weeding module.
9. The target yield-based winter potato balanced fertilization expert system of claim 8, wherein: the output end of the monitoring module is connected with the input end of the spraying module, and the output end of the monitoring module is connected with the weeding module.
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