CN113992061A - Piezoelectric and electromagnetic mixed ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device - Google Patents
Piezoelectric and electromagnetic mixed ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a piezoelectric and electromagnetic mixed ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device, which mainly solves the problem of low energy collecting efficiency in the conventional vibration energy collecting device. The scheme comprises the following steps: a main body supporting portion, a rotating portion, a piezoelectric portion, and an electromagnetic portion; under the action of external vibration excitation, an upper cover in the main body supporting part periodically moves up and down along with the vibration excitation, excitation energy drives a rotor of the rotating part to periodically rotate, and a magnet embedded in the rotor rotates to change a magnetic field in the environment where a coil of the electromagnetic part is located to form current; in the process that the rotor drives the magnet to rotate, the magnet and the magnetic sheet of the piezoelectric motor part generate magnetic mutual coupling action, so that the elastic substrate and the piezoelectric sheet of the piezoelectric motor part generate deformation to form voltage; thereby realizing electromagnetic energy and piezoelectric energy collection. The invention utilizes the movement nonlinearity caused by magnetic interaction, expands the frequency bandwidth and effectively improves the output voltage and the output power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy collection, and relates to an energy collecting device, in particular to a piezoelectric and electromagnetic mixed ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device which can be used for collecting ultralow-frequency vibration energy.
Background
The energy collecting device can obtain energy from the surrounding environment and convert the energy into electric energy, so that the purposes of energy recovery and recycling are achieved. With the rapid development of wireless sensor technology and microelectronic technology, the demand for micro energy sources is more and more urgent. In the conventional battery power supply mode, due to the frequent replacement of batteries and the high maintenance cost, great inconvenience is brought to the production and the life of human beings. The energy collecting device can collect and recycle the energy which is not utilized in the environment, so that self-power supply is carried out on low-power consumption electronic equipment and devices, and a plurality of problems caused by battery application are effectively solved. Therefore, the method has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign scholars.
At present, energy sources which can be obtained from the environment mainly comprise solar energy, thermal gradient energy and mechanical vibration energy, wherein the mechanical vibration energy is ubiquitous and can be easily converted into electric energy, and the method is a promising and highly efficient energy obtaining mode. The piezoelectric vibration energy collector has the advantages of easy integration, high energy output density, no need of an external power supply, simple structure and the like, and is considered as a new energy supply mode which is most hopeful to replace the traditional battery. The structure types of the piezoelectric energy collector comprise cantilever beam type, Cymbal type, stacked type and the like, the cantilever beam structure is the main structure of the piezoelectric energy collector, and some research results are obtained. The electromagnetic vibration energy collector has the advantages of simple structure, large short-circuit current and high electromechanical conversion efficiency, and the structure of the electromagnetic vibration energy collector basically follows the structure of a stator and a rotor of an electromagnetic generator.
The conventional piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device comprises a base, an elastic substrate, a piezoelectric plate, a mass block and two electrodes. One end of the elastic substrate is fixed on the base, and the other end of the elastic substrate is provided with a mass block used for forcing the piezoelectric sheet to deform or adjusting the self resonant frequency of the piezoelectric energy collecting device. The piezoelectric pieces are uniformly adhered to the upper surface of the elastic substrate, when external vibration is sensed, electric charge is output on the surfaces of the piezoelectric pieces according to the positive piezoelectric effect, and the electric charge on the surfaces of the piezoelectric pieces is output to rear-end electric energy storage or electric equipment by the two electrodes welded on the upper surfaces of the piezoelectric pieces and the lower surface of the elastic substrate, so that mechanical vibration energy in the environment is effectively converted into electric energy to be stored and utilized. For example: the invention discloses a piezoelectric piece and a vibration energy collector, which are issued with the publication number of CN107707155B and named as an ultra-wideband high-energy-efficiency piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device, and comprise a support and an oscillating body, wherein the oscillating body comprises a low-frequency oscillating body and a high-frequency oscillating body, the support consists of a top support, a middle support and a bottom support which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, and the three supports all adopt a three-dimensional structure with a cavity penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face; the low-frequency oscillating body comprises a low-frequency reed clamped between the middle bracket and the bottom bracket, a low-frequency mass block fixed at the center bearing section of the low-frequency reed and a low-frequency cantilever beam module adhered to the cantilever beam of the low-frequency reed; the high-frequency oscillating body comprises a high-frequency reed clamped between the top bracket and the middle bracket, a high-frequency mass block fixed at the center bearing section of the high-frequency reed and a high-frequency cantilever beam module adhered to the high-frequency reed double cantilever beam; the low-frequency mass block is connected with the high-frequency reed through at least three compression springs. The collector drives the oscillating body to vibrate by using low-frequency vibration in the environment, so that the piezoelectric sheet generates bending deformation. The piezoelectric type energy collecting device is simple in structure and easy to realize, the frequency up-conversion effect is realized, but the piezoelectric sheet structure is easy to damage due to the fact that the excitation frequency is still high, the frequency up-conversion capacity is limited, and violent vibration is caused. Therefore, the traditional piezoelectric energy collecting device has great limitation, and particularly cannot realize an efficient energy collecting function for ultralow frequency vibration.
A conventional electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting apparatus includes a permanent magnet and a conductive coil, i.e., a stator and a rotor in a rotary electromagnetic generator. The permanent magnet and the conductive coil can mutually take on the functions of the stator and the rotor, and the stator and the rotor generate relative motion under the action of external excitation of the device, so that the magnetic flux in the conductive coil is changed. For example: an invention patent with an issued publication number of CN111934515B, entitled "composite energy harvesting device", discloses a composite energy harvesting device, comprising: the two ends of the cantilever support seat and the electromagnetic support seat are respectively provided with a support plate, a cantilever module and an electromagnetic module which are respectively connected with the cantilever support seat and the electromagnetic support seat; the cantilever module comprises a cantilever beam, one end of the cantilever beam is fixedly connected with the cantilever supporting seat, the other end of the cantilever beam is a free end and points to the electromagnetic supporting seat, and two side surfaces of the free end are respectively connected with magnets; the electromagnetic module comprises a floating assembly and an electromagnetic assembly, the floating assembly supports the electromagnetic assembly to be suspended in the electromagnetic supporting seat, and the electromagnetic assembly comprises a conductive coil. The invention can realize the energy collection in the whole wide frequency range, and improve the energy conversion efficiency and the whole generating capacity. The invention patent with the granted publication number of CN205249083U and the name of 'low-frequency vibration electromagnetic energy collector' comprises an energy collector shell, a cantilever beam long plate, a cantilever beam short plate, a collision mass block, a magnetic field generating piece and a multi-turn coil; the vibration environment provides vibration excitation for the energy collector shell, the cantilever beam long plate and the cantilever beam short plate vibrate simultaneously along with the vibration excitation, the collision mass block collides with a preset position of the cantilever beam long plate to enable the cantilever beam long plate to generate vibration close to the natural frequency of the cantilever beam long plate, the multi-turn coil vibrates along with the tip of the cantilever beam at the same frequency as the cantilever beam long plate to cut magnetic induction lines and generate electric signals. The electromagnetic energy collection modes are that the vibration of the cantilever is used for driving the rotor to move, the frequency and amplitude of the movement are severely limited, and the efficiency is extremely low.
It can be seen that both the conventional piezoelectric energy harvesting device and the electromagnetic energy harvesting device work by means of vibration excitation, and energy harvesting is performed in an independent manner, so that external excitation cannot be fully utilized; meanwhile, the energy collecting devices all work under the condition of low-frequency excitation, and have low efficiency and limitation under the condition of ultralow-frequency excitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid ultralow frequency (lower than 5Hz) vibration energy collecting device, which is used for solving the technical problem of low energy collecting efficiency caused by single energy collecting mode, low frequency and narrow frequency band width in the conventional vibration energy collecting device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a main body supporting portion, a rotating portion, a piezoelectric portion, and an electromagnetic portion;
the main body supporting part comprises a base 1, a supporting main body 5, an upper cover fixing nut 6, an upper cover fixing screw 7, an upper cover 8 and a supporting spring 9; wherein, the upper cover 8 is fixed above the support main body 5 through an upper cover fixing screw 7, a support spring 9 and an upper cover fixing nut 6; the supporting spring 9 is sleeved outside the upper cover fixing screw 7, and the upper cover 8 can move downwards by compressing the supporting spring 9; the lower end of the support main body 5 is fixedly connected to the base 1; the base 1, the support main body 5 and the upper cover 8 are made of insulating materials;
the rotating part comprises a rotor 12, a magnet 13 and a chord line; wherein, the outer side surface of the rotor 12 is preset with 2nThe grooves are distributed at equal intervals, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the number of the magnets 13 is consistent with that of the grooves preset in the rotor 12, and the magnets are respectively embedded in the grooves; the string passes through the holes preset on the upper cover 8, the rotor 12 and the base 1, and the rotor 12 is suspended inside the main body supporting structure; the rotor 12 and the string are made of insulating materials;
the piezoelectric motor part comprises a piezoelectric structure and an electrode; the medium-voltage motor part is at least provided with 1 piezoelectric structure, the piezoelectric structure is composed of an elastic substrate 2, a piezoelectric sheet 3 and a magnetic sheet 11, the elastic substrate 2 is made of a rectangular light conductive plate, one end of the elastic substrate is stuck with the piezoelectric sheet 3 with a positive piezoelectric effect material and is fixed on the side surface of the base 1 through a screw, and the other end of the elastic substrate is a free end and is stuck with the magnetic sheet 11; the electrode is made of metal conductive materials, is led out from the piezoelectric sheet 3 and is used for outputting electric energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet 3;
the electromagnetic part comprises a coil body 14 made of conductive materials and a coil fixing support 4 made of insulating materials, wherein the coil body 14 is wound and fixed on the coil fixing support 4 and is used for sensing the change of a magnetic field caused by the rotation of the rotor 12 of the rotating part and forming current in the coil body 14; the number of coil bodies 14 is at least 1;
the height of the magnet 13 of the rotating part, the magnetic sheet 11 of the piezoelectric machine part and the coil body 14 of the coil part is consistent.
Furthermore, the supporting spring 9 is made of ferrous material, and has elasticity enough to support the upper cover 8 when the string is not twisted and to be compressed when the string is twisted and pulls the upper cover 8.
Further, the magnet pieces 11 and the magnets 13 are made of neodymium iron boron.
Further, the base 1 is square or circular, and the support body 5 is cylindrical; and the side length or diameter of the base 1 is greater than the diameter of the bottom surface of the support body 5.
Furthermore, the chord line is divided into an upper chord line 10 and a lower chord line 15 by taking the rotor 12 as a midpoint, and the two chord lines are synchronously twisted; the string has a preset twist number for driving the rotor 12 in rotation to convert the vibration into rotational motion.
Further, in the piezoelectric device portion, the magnetic sheet 11 is used for sensing the driving force of the magnet 13 in the rotating portion, so that the elastic substrate 2 is deformed.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric motor part is at least provided with 1 piezoelectric structure, and if the piezoelectric structure is one, the piezoelectric motor part is fixed at any position of the side surface of the base 1; a plurality of the fixing members are fixed to the outer periphery of the base 1 at equal intervals.
Further, the number of the coil bodies 14 is at least 1, and if one, the coil bodies are fixed at any position on the outer periphery of the coil fixing bracket 4; a plurality of the coil holders are fixed to the outer periphery of the coil holder 4 at equal intervals.
Further, the excitation energy of the vibration of the upper cover 8 is converted into the rotation energy of the rotor 12 through the torsional acting force of the strings, so that primary frequency conversion is realized; the rotor 12 driven by the rotation energy rotates with the embedded magnet 13, and drives the piezoelectric structure to deform through the magnetic nonlinear force, so that the second frequency conversion is realized; two kinds of energy collection are completed.
Further, the two energies include electromagnetic energy and piezoelectric energy; wherein the electromagnetic energy is generated by the rotor 12 rotating such that the magnets 13 cut the coils; the piezoelectric energy is generated by the rotation of the rotor 12 and the magnet 13 drives the magnetic sheet to deform the cantilever beam of the piezoelectric structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, because the invention adopts the structure of the string driving rotor, the ultra-low frequency vibration energy in the vertical direction can be collected; the structure can convert primary vibration in the vertical direction into continuous rotation of the rotor, so that primary frequency up-conversion is realized, and meanwhile, four magnets embedded in the rotor can realize secondary frequency up-conversion when the interaction between a magnetic field around a coil and magnetic sheets is changed, wherein the secondary frequency multiplication number is four; compared with the energy collecting device in the prior art, the energy collecting device has the advantages that the response frequency can only be the same as the excitation frequency, and the energy collecting efficiency is effectively improved.
Secondly, the invention couples the rotation energy of the rotor to the elastic substrate through the mutual coupling action between the two magnetic blocks, so that the elastic sheet drives the piezoelectric sheet to deform, thereby generating output voltage, and meanwhile, the magnetic block coupling can prevent the piezoelectric sheet from being broken due to overlarge deformation; the interaction of the magnetic blocks and the flexibility of the string-driven rotor structure result in complex non-linearity, thereby widening the frequency bandwidth of the energy harvesting device and further improving the energy harvesting efficiency.
Thirdly, the rotor drives the magnet to rotate to change a magnetic field around the fixed coil, wherein the coil is used for generating and outputting current, and meanwhile, the interaction of the magnetic blocks drives the elastic substrate to drive the piezoelectric sheet to deform; therefore, the vibration energy is used for piezoelectric energy collection and electromagnetic energy collection, and the energy conversion efficiency is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the external structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a part of the assembly of the present invention; wherein A represents the upper cover, B represents the base, C represents the rotor;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the operation of the string driven rotor of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1-3, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of the present invention, the device shown in fig. 1 is laid on a horizontal plane to obtain a view angle of fig. 2, and is cut along a main view plane of the view angle of fig. 2 to obtain a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the device shown in fig. 3. The invention provides a piezoelectric and electromagnetic mixed type ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device which comprises a base 1, an elastic substrate 2, a piezoelectric sheet 3, a coil fixing support 4, a supporting main body 5, an upper cover fixing nut 6, an upper cover fixing screw 7, an upper cover 8, a supporting spring 9, an upper section string 10, a magnetic sheet 11, a rotor 12, a magnet 13, a coil 14 and a lower section string 15; it is broadly divided into four parts: the piezoelectric actuator includes a body supporting portion, a rotating portion, a piezoelectric portion, and an electromagnetic portion.
The main body supporting part comprises a base 1, a supporting main body 5, an upper cover fixing nut 6, an upper cover fixing screw 7, an upper cover 8 and a supporting spring 9; wherein, the upper cover 8 is fixed above the support main body 5 through an upper cover fixing screw 7, a support spring 9 and an upper cover fixing nut 6; the supporting spring 9 is sleeved outside the upper cover fixing screw 7, the upper cover 8 can move downwards by compressing the supporting spring 9, the spring is generally made of iron materials, and the elasticity of the spring can meet the requirements that the upper cover 8 is supported when a string is not twisted and the upper cover 8 can be compressed when the string is twisted and pulled; the lower end of the support main body 5 is fixedly connected to the base 1; the base 1, the support body 5 and the upper cover 8 are made of insulating materials. The base 1 can be in any shape, generally adopts a square shape or a round shape, and mainly plays a role in stably installing and containing the whole device; the support body 5 is generally cylindrical, with an internal space for mounting the rotating part; and the side length or diameter of the base 1 is greater than the diameter of the bottom surface of the support body 5.
The rotating part comprises a rotor 12 and a magnet 13And a chord line; wherein, the outer side surface of the rotor 12 is preset with 2nThe grooves are distributed at equal intervals, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the number of the magnets 13 is consistent with that of the grooves preset in the rotor 12, and the magnets are respectively embedded in the grooves; the base, the upper cover and the rotor are provided with through holes, and strings pass through the holes preset on the upper cover 8, the rotor 12 and the base 1 to suspend the rotor 12 inside the main body supporting structure; the rotor 12 and the string are made of insulating materials; the magnet 13 is generally mainly made of neodymium iron boron material and has magnetic property; the chord line is divided into an upper chord line 10 and a lower chord line 15 by taking the rotor 12 as a midpoint, and the two chord lines are synchronously twisted; the strings are here preset with a preset twist number for driving the rotor 12 in rotation to convert the vibrations into a rotational movement.
The piezoelectric motor part comprises a piezoelectric structure and an electrode; the medium-voltage motor part is at least provided with 1 piezoelectric structure, and if the number of the piezoelectric structures is one, the piezoelectric structures are fixed at any position of the side surface of the base 1; if the number of the base is multiple, the base is fixed on the periphery of the base 1 at equal intervals; the piezoelectric structure consists of an elastic substrate 2, a piezoelectric sheet 3 and a magnetic sheet 11, wherein the elastic substrate 2 is made of a rectangular light conductive plate, one end of the elastic substrate is stuck with the piezoelectric sheet 3 with a positive piezoelectric effect material and is fixed on the side surface of the base 1 through a screw, and the other end of the elastic substrate is a free end and is stuck with the magnetic sheet 11; the electrode is made of metal conductive materials, is led out from the piezoelectric sheet 3 and is used for outputting electric energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet 3. The magnetic sheet 11 is mainly made of neodymium iron boron material and has magnetic property, and is used for sensing the driving force of the magnet 13 in the rotating part and enabling the elastic substrate 2 to deform.
The electromagnetic part comprises a coil body 14 made of conductive materials and a coil fixing support 4 made of insulating materials, wherein the coil body 14 is wound and fixed on the coil fixing support 4 and is used for sensing the change of a magnetic field caused by the rotation of the rotor 12 of the rotating part and forming current in the coil body 14; the number of the coil bodies 14 is at least 1, and if the number of the coil bodies is one, the coil bodies are fixed at any position on the periphery of the coil fixing bracket 4; a plurality of the coil holders are fixed to the outer periphery of the coil holder 4 at equal intervals.
The height of the magnet 13 of the rotating part, the magnetic sheet 11 of the piezoelectric machine part and the coil body 14 of the coil part is consistent.
The excitation energy of the vibration of the upper cover 8 of the device is converted into the rotation energy of the rotor 12 through the torsional acting force of the strings, so that the primary frequency conversion is realized; the rotor 12 driven by the rotation energy rotates with the embedded magnet 13, and drives the piezoelectric structure to deform through the magnetic nonlinear force, so that the second frequency conversion is realized; two kinds of energy collection are completed. The two energies collected here include electromagnetic energy and piezoelectric energy; wherein the electromagnetic energy is generated by the rotor 12 rotating such that the magnets 13 cut the coils; the piezoelectric energy is generated by the rotation of the rotor 12 and the magnet 13 drives the magnetic sheet to deform the cantilever beam of the piezoelectric structure.
Example two:
referring to fig. 1 to 3, based on the first embodiment, in the energy collecting device provided by the present invention, the number of the grooves on the outer side surface of the rotor 12 is preset to 4, the number of the piezoelectric structures of the piezoelectric part is 2, the number of the coil bodies 14 of the electromagnetic part is 4, and the material of the components is selected, so as to further provide a preferred embodiment of the present invention:
in the embodiment, a square base and a square upper cover are selected; the base 1, the coil support 4, the main body support 5, the upper cover 8 and the rotor 12 are all made of 3D printing resin materials; the upper cover fixing screw cap 6, the upper cover fixing screw 7 and the supporting spring 9 are made of metal materials; the upper string 10 and the lower string 15 adopt terylene plied yarns; in order to ensure that the elastic substrate has a larger elastic modulus and a larger static capacitance, the elastic substrate is made of a good elastic conductor material, and in the example, a copper sheet with excellent performance is selected for the elastic substrate. In order to improve the performance parameters of the traditional piezoelectric materials and further improve the efficiency of energy collection and conversion, piezoelectric ceramic is adopted for the piezoelectric sheets. The piezoelectric pieces may be adhered to the upper surface or the lower surface of the elastic substrate or adhered to the upper surface and the lower surface, respectively, and in this example, a single crystal piezoelectric vibrator is formed by adhering one piezoelectric piece to the upper surface of the elastic substrate. The electrodes are made of metal tin, and copper wires with good conductivity and low resistivity are connected into an external circuit, so that unnecessary power loss is reduced, and the collection efficiency of the energy collection device is improved. The elastic element adopts a compression type metal spring, and the stiffness coefficient of the elastic element is 5N/cm, the wire diameter is 0.3mm, the outer diameter is 4mm, and the length is 15 mm; the upper cover fixing screw 7 is a screw with the length of 20mm and the diameter of 3 mm; the rotor 12 is made of a 3D printing resin material with the diameter of 15mm and the thickness of 7.2 mm; choose four magnet pieces for use, its size is: length 6mm, wide 6mm, thick 3mm, the size of cantilever beam free end magnetic sheet is: the length is 6mm, the width is 6mm, and the thickness is 0.8 mm; the coil is made by winding 100 turns of enameled wires with the diameter of 0.13 mm; the size of the elastic substrate is as follows: the length is 50mm, the width is 6mm, and the thickness is 0.2 mm; the dimensions of the piezoelectric sheet are: the length is 30mm, the width is 6mm, and the thickness is 0.2 mm. The overall dimensions of the entire device in this example are: the length is 50mm, the width is 50mm, and the height is 68 mm.
In this example, the main body support 5 is fixed to four fixing positions of the base 1 by screw nuts, and the upper cover 8 is fixed above the main body support 5 by being restrained by the upper cover fixing nuts 6, the upper cover fixing screws 7 and the support springs 9. Sticking the piezoelectric sheet 3 on one side surface of the elastic substrate 2 by using conductive adhesive, and leading out an electrode; and a magnetic sheet 11 is pasted on one side of the free end of the elastic base plate 2, and the assembly is fixed on the two symmetrical side edges of the base 1 through screws and gaskets respectively. The coil fixing support 4 is fixed at the position of the periphery of the main body support 5, which is at the same height with the free end of the piezoelectric substrate, by hot melt adhesive, four enameled wires are wound on the coil fixing support 4 to form coils with 100 turns, and electrodes are respectively led out. Respectively embedding the magnets 13 into the four grooves on the side surface of the rotor 12 and adhering and fixing; the upper string 10 sequentially passes through the upper cover 8 and the rotor 12, is set with a preset torsion number and is knotted to form a closed loop; the lower string 15 passes through the rotor 12 and the base 1 in sequence, is set with a preset twisting number and is knotted to form a closed loop. The arranged upper string 10 and the lower string 15 act together to drive the rotor 12 to rotate along with the up-and-down movement of the upper cover 8 under the excitation of external vibration; the rotor 12 and the magnet 13 rotate to change the magnetic field around the coil 14, so that the magnetic flux in the coil is changed, and current is formed; the rotor 12 and the magnet 13 rotate to form a mutual magnetic force nonlinear effect with the magnetic sheet 11, so that the elastic substrate 2 deforms, the elastic substrate 2 and the piezoelectric sheet 3 form a whole, and the piezoelectric sheet 3 generates deformation output voltage.
Example three:
the structure of the energy collecting device provided by the invention is the same as that of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and the working principle of the device is further described with reference to fig. 5:
a three-dimensional space coordinate system is established, and the direction parallel to the substrate forward is defined as the x direction, the direction perpendicular to the substrate rightward is defined as the y direction, and the direction upward to the central axis of the main body support is defined as the z direction. Vibration energy in the z direction acts on the upper cover 8 and converts the vibration in the z direction into rotation of the rotor in the x-y plane using the chordal drive rotor structure. Referring to state i of fig. 5, as with the static position of fig. 1, when subjected to an external vibration stimulus, the upper cover 8 moves downwardly to state ii of fig. 5, the upper string 10 and the lower string 15 are twisted together due to the weight of the rotor and the preset number of twists, and the rotor 12 rotates clockwise; the upper cover 8 continues to move downward to a state iii of fig. 5, which is a maximum displacement position of the downward movement of the upper cover 8; when the external vibration excitation is withdrawn, the upper cover 8 moves upwards due to the action of the supporting spring 9, the kink of the upper string 10 and the lower string 15 starts to be forced to be untied, the rotor 12 rotates in the opposite direction, and then reaches the state V of FIG. 5 through the state IV of FIG. 5, and the next period of rotation starts under the action of the external vibration excitation.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4A, fig. 4B and fig. 4C respectively show cross sections of the upper cover 8, the base 1 and the rotor 12 in the x-y plane, the circumferentially arranged holes are holes for the upper string 10 and the lower string 15 to pass through, and by arranging the upper string 10 and the lower string 15 to pass through different holes, the preset starting angle and the string spacing between the upper string 10 and the lower string 15 can be adjusted, thereby producing different effects.
Under the action of external vibration excitation, the upper cover 8 moves up and down periodically along with the vibration excitation, and the rotor 12 rotates periodically. The periodic rotation of the rotor 12 drives the magnets 13 embedded in the rotor to rotate, so that the magnetic field in the environment of the coil 14 is constantly changed, the magnetic flux density in the coil is constantly changed, and current is formed in the coil according to the law of electromagnetic induction. In the process that the rotor 12 drives the magnet 13 to rotate, the magnet 13 and the magnetic sheet 11 generate magnetic mutual coupling, and because the upper string 10 and the lower string 15 are both in a tightened state, the elastic substrate 2 relatively generates large deformation, and the elastic substrate 2 and the piezoelectric sheet 3 are adhered into a whole, so that the piezoelectric sheet finally generates deformation to obtain voltage output. The magnetic interaction between the rotor 12 and the magnet 13 and the elastic substrate 2 and the magnetic sheet 11 causes complex motion nonlinearity, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the integral structure formed by the elastic substrate 2 and the piezoelectric sheet 3 and improving the output voltage and the output power.
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the invention and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the principles and arrangements of the invention, but such modifications and variations are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The piezoelectric and electromagnetic mixed ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device is characterized by comprising a main body supporting part, a rotating part, a piezoelectric part and an electromagnetic part;
the main body supporting part comprises a base (1), a supporting main body (5), an upper cover fixing nut (6), an upper cover fixing screw rod (7), an upper cover (8) and a supporting spring (9); wherein, the upper cover (8) is fixed above the support main body (5) through an upper cover fixing screw rod (7), a support spring (9) and an upper cover fixing nut (6); the supporting spring (9) is sleeved outside the upper cover fixing screw rod (7), and the upper cover (8) can move downwards by compressing the supporting spring (9); the lower end of the supporting main body (5) is fixedly connected to the base (1); the base (1), the support main body (5) and the upper cover (8) are made of insulating materials;
the rotating part comprises a rotor (12), a magnet (13) and a string; wherein, the outer side surface of the rotor (12) is preset with 2nThe grooves are distributed at equal intervals, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the number of the magnets (13) is consistent with that of grooves preset in the rotor (12), and the magnets are embedded in the grooves respectively; the chord line passes through holes preset on the upper cover (8), the rotor (12) and the base (1) to suspend the rotor (12) inside the main body supporting structure; the rotor (12) and the string are made of insulating materials;
the piezoelectric motor part comprises a piezoelectric structure and an electrode; the piezoelectric motor part is at least provided with 1 piezoelectric structure, the piezoelectric structure consists of an elastic substrate (2), a piezoelectric sheet (3) and a magnetic sheet (11), the elastic substrate (2) is made of a rectangular light conductive plate, one end of the piezoelectric sheet (3) is stuck with a positive piezoelectric effect material and is fixed on the side surface of the base (1) through a screw, and the other end of the piezoelectric sheet is a free end and is stuck with the magnetic sheet (11); the electrode is made of metal conductive materials, is led out from the piezoelectric sheet (3) and is used for outputting electric energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet (3);
the electromagnetic part comprises a coil body (14) made of conductive materials and a coil fixing support (4) made of insulating materials, wherein the coil body (14) is wound and fixed on the coil fixing support (4) and is used for sensing the change of a magnetic field caused by the rotation of a rotor (12) of the rotating part and forming current in the coil body (14); the number of coil bodies (14) is at least 1;
the heights of the positions of the magnet (13) of the rotating part, the magnetic sheet (11) of the piezoelectric part and the coil body (14) of the coil part are consistent.
2. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the supporting spring (9) is made of iron materials, and the elasticity of the supporting spring meets the requirements that the upper cover (8) is supported when the string is not twisted and the upper cover (8) can be compressed when the string is twisted and pulled.
3. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic sheet (11) and the magnet (13) are made of neodymium iron boron materials.
4. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the base (1) is square or round, and the support main body (5) is cylindrical; and the side length or the diameter of the base (1) is larger than the diameter of the bottom surface of the support main body (5).
5. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the chord line is divided into an upper chord line (10) and a lower chord line (15) by taking the rotor (12) as a midpoint, and the two chord lines are synchronously twisted; the string has a preset twist number for driving the rotor (12) in rotation to convert the vibration into rotational motion.
6. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: and the magnetic sheet (11) of the piezoelectric machine part is used for sensing the driving force of the magnet (13) in the rotating part so as to deform the elastic substrate (2).
7. The energy harvesting device of claim 1 or 6, wherein: the piezoelectric motor part is at least provided with 1 piezoelectric structure, and if the piezoelectric structure is one, the piezoelectric motor part is fixed at any position of the side surface of the base (1); if the number of the base plates is multiple, the base plates are fixed on the periphery of the base (1) at equal intervals.
8. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the number of the coil bodies (14) is at least 1, and if the number of the coil bodies is one, the coil bodies are fixed at any position of the periphery of the coil fixing support (4); if the number of the coil holders is multiple, the coil holders are fixed on the periphery of the coil holder (4) at equal intervals.
9. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the excitation energy of the vibration of the upper cover (8) is converted into the rotation energy of the rotor (12) through the torsional acting force of the strings, so that primary frequency conversion is realized; the rotor (12) driven by the rotation energy rotates together with the embedded magnet (13), and drives the piezoelectric structure to deform through magnetic nonlinear force, so that second frequency conversion is realized; two kinds of energy collection are completed.
10. The energy harvesting device of claim 9, wherein: the two energies include electromagnetic energy and piezoelectric energy; wherein the electromagnetic energy is generated by the rotor (12) rotating such that the magnet (13) cuts the coil; the piezoelectric energy is generated by the rotation of the rotor (12) and the magnet (13) drives the magnetic sheet to deform the cantilever beam of the piezoelectric structure.
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| JPH08155392A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-18 | Hokuriku Electric Ind Co Ltd | Piezoelectromagnetic vibrator and driving method therefor |
| CN110048642A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-23 | 重庆大学 | A kind of non-linear piezoelectric vibration energy collector of any direction |
| JP2019216544A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 株式会社デンソー | Actuator apparatus |
| CN110649763A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Electromagnetic energy harvester for converting vibration or linear reciprocating motion into rotary motion |
| CN110661450A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-07 | 广西大学 | Piezoelectric vibrator with non-linear differential geometric characteristics |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08155392A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-18 | Hokuriku Electric Ind Co Ltd | Piezoelectromagnetic vibrator and driving method therefor |
| JP2019216544A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 株式会社デンソー | Actuator apparatus |
| CN110048642A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-23 | 重庆大学 | A kind of non-linear piezoelectric vibration energy collector of any direction |
| CN110661450A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-07 | 广西大学 | Piezoelectric vibrator with non-linear differential geometric characteristics |
| CN110649763A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Electromagnetic energy harvester for converting vibration or linear reciprocating motion into rotary motion |
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