CN113890300B - Wide range vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric-biplane springs - Google Patents
Wide range vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric-biplane springs Download PDFInfo
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- CN113890300B CN113890300B CN202111069756.8A CN202111069756A CN113890300B CN 113890300 B CN113890300 B CN 113890300B CN 202111069756 A CN202111069756 A CN 202111069756A CN 113890300 B CN113890300 B CN 113890300B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
- H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/34—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
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Abstract
The invention provides a wide-range vibration energy collector based on an asymmetric-biplane spring, which comprises a shell, a connecting piece, a permanent magnet, a first plane spring and a second plane spring, wherein the connecting piece is arranged in the shell, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are arranged on the connecting piece and are fixed on the permanent magnet through the connecting piece, coils are wound on the positions, corresponding to the permanent magnet, on the shell, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are of asymmetric-biplane spring structures and have different elastic coefficients, and when the collector is used for external vibration, the first plane spring and the second plane spring vibrate to drive the permanent magnet to move up and down and generate relative displacement with the coils fixed on the shell. The invention adopts an asymmetric structure to enable the collector to have different vibration modes to realize wide bandwidth, and has simple structure and low assembly difficulty; and the energy collector adopts an asymmetric structure, has various motion modes and a collection frequency bandwidth, and can collect vibration energy at two resonance points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-energy collection, in particular to a wide-range vibration energy collector based on an asymmetric-biplane spring.
Background
With the rapid development of the internet of things, more and more wireless sensor networks and low-power consumption electronic devices are widely applied. Currently, the power supply of these electronic devices is mainly based on the traditional chemical batteries, and the periodic maintenance of the devices consumes a great deal of manpower and material resources for replacing the batteries, and besides, the chemical batteries pollute the environment. Energy available for use in low power electronic device operating environments, such as solar energy, wind energy, thermal energy, vibrational energy, and the like, exists. Vibration energy has the advantages of no environmental limitation and wide distribution, and if the vibration energy can be collected, the self-power supply of electronic equipment can be realized, and then a chemical battery is replaced, so that the problem brought by the chemical battery can be fundamentally solved.
The current common energy collector only works at a single resonance point, but most of the vibration in the environment is not vibration with a single frequency, the frequency components of the energy collector are distributed in a wider frequency band, and the energy collector is required to have broadband vibration collection performance in order to fully collect the vibration energy in the environment.
The invention patent application publication number CN111130296 a discloses an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester. The collector drives the permanent magnet to vibrate through two plane springs with symmetrical structures connected to the upper surface and the lower surface of the permanent magnet, the structures of the plane springs are four snake-shaped cantilever beams and rectangular elastic platforms, and each section of cantilever beam is respectively connected with the elastic platform and the frame of the silicon substrate. The collector enables the vibration of the vibrator to have a typical nonlinear effect through nonlinear attractive force between the permanent magnet and the iron core, so that the output broadband of the system is widened, and the output power is improved. However, the collector has a complex structure and high assembly process requirements.
The invention patent application publication number CN111245295 a discloses an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester. The collector is provided with an upper bottom plate and a lower bottom plate, four planar springs with the same structure are connected to the periphery of the upper bottom plate, a snake-shaped coil is placed in the middle of the upper bottom plate, and an array magnet is placed in the center of the lower bottom plate. Under the external excitation condition, the planar spring drives the serpentine coil to move in the horizontal direction, so that the coil cuts the magnetic induction lines generated by the magnet array, and induced electromotive force is generated at two ends of the serpentine coil. The springs of the collector are four identical symmetrical springs, so that the motion mode is single, and the collection frequency band is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect of the collection range of the single-resonance-point vibration energy collector, the invention provides a wide-range vibration energy collector based on an asymmetric-biplane spring, which adopts an asymmetric structure to enable the collector to have different vibration modes to realize wide bandwidth, has simple structure and low assembly difficulty; and the energy collector adopts an asymmetric structure, has various motion modes and a collection frequency bandwidth, and can collect vibration energy at two resonance points.
The utility model provides a wide range vibration energy collector based on asymmetric-biplane spring, includes the shell, arranges connecting piece, the permanent magnet in the shell inside, installs in first plane spring, the second plane spring of connecting piece, and first plane spring, second plane spring are fixed in the permanent magnet through the connecting piece, correspond the permanent magnet position on the shell and around being equipped with the coil, first plane spring, second plane spring are asymmetric-biplane spring structure, have different elasticity coefficient, and when the external vibration action used the collector, first plane spring, second plane spring vibration drive the permanent magnet up-and-down motion produces relative displacement with the coil of fixing on the shell.
Further, two grooves are formed in the top of the shell corresponding to the first plane spring and the second plane spring, and the first plane spring and the second plane spring are respectively placed in the two grooves in the top of the shell.
Further, the planar spring combination consisting of the first planar spring and the second planar spring can be processed separately or integrally.
Further, the side wall of the shell corresponding to the permanent magnet position is provided with a winding groove in a surrounding mode, and the coil is wound in the winding groove of the shell.
Furthermore, the first plane springs and the second plane springs are spring combinations with the same number of cross beams and different cross beam thicknesses.
Furthermore, the first plane springs and the second plane springs are spring combinations with the same beam thickness and different beam numbers.
Further, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are asymmetric two-beam and three-beam serpentine bent beam structures.
Furthermore, the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron materials.
Further, the collector forms three different vibration modes: when the external vibration frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the first spring, the first spring resonates, and the second spring is driven by the connecting piece and the magnet to generate vibration with smaller displacement; when the external vibration frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the second spring, the second spring resonates, and the first spring is driven by the connecting piece and the magnet to generate vibration with smaller displacement; when the external vibration frequency is not equal to the natural frequencies of the first spring and the first spring, the first spring and the second spring are in a small displacement vibration state.
Further, the first spring and the second spring are manufactured by adopting a 3D printing or mechanical forming processing technology, copper, titanium alloy or nylon materials are adopted for manufacturing, a coil is a wire winding type coil or a planar coil based on a PCB substrate, and a shell is manufactured by adopting the 3D printing processing technology.
According to the invention, two springs with different elastic coefficients are used for generating two different resonant frequencies, so that vibration energy in two frequency ranges is collected, and the double-spring type vibration energy collector has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in mass production, low manufacturing cost, high power output and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the construction of a wide range vibration energy harvester based on an asymmetric-biplane spring of the present invention with a portion of the components thereof;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a wide range vibration energy harvester based on an asymmetric-biplane spring of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a planar spring according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a planar spring of the present invention using an integrated process;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the vibration pickup portion of the collector of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of three vibration modes of the collector of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relative positions of flux linkage and magnets and coils;
FIG. 8 is a graph of test results of a prototype of the invention at a resonant frequency of 67 Hz;
FIG. 9 is a graph of test results of a prototype of the invention at 115Hz resonance frequency;
fig. 10 is a frequency-voltage plot of a prototype of the invention.
Reference numerals in the drawings are described as follows:
1-first plane spring, 1-2-second plane spring, 2-connecting piece, 3-permanent magnet, 4-screw, 5-shell, 16-coil.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a wide-range vibration energy collector based on a double-plane spring, in which two plane springs with different elastic coefficients are connected together to a permanent magnet to collect vibration energy at two resonance points. The wide range vibration energy harvester based on the biplane spring of the invention comprises: the device comprises a first planar spring 1-1, a second planar spring 1-2, a connecting piece 2, a permanent magnet 3, a screw 4, a shell 5 and a coil 6.
The first flat spring 1-1 and the second flat spring 1-2 are fixed on the connecting piece 2, specifically, the first flat spring 1-1, the second flat spring 1-2 and the connecting piece 2 are connected into a whole through the screw 4, and the connecting piece 2 is fixed on the permanent magnet 3 through other modes such as adhesion.
The connecting piece 2 and the permanent magnet 3 are arranged in the shell 5, two grooves are formed in the top of the shell 5 corresponding to the first plane spring 1-1 and the second plane spring 1-2, and the first plane spring 1-1 and the second plane spring 1-2 are respectively arranged in the two grooves in the top of the shell 5. The side wall of the shell 5 corresponding to the position of the permanent magnet 3 is provided with a winding groove in a surrounding manner, and the coil 6 is wound in the winding groove of the shell 5.
Planar springs play a key role in collectors as a means of converting vibrational energy into kinetic energy of a vibrator, and a single spring operates at only a single resonance point, whereas the present invention can collect vibrational energy at two resonance points using an asymmetric-biplane spring structure. The planar spring of the device is of a snake-shaped bending beam structure of two asymmetric beams (shown in (a) in fig. 3) and three beams (shown in (b) in fig. 3), and the energy collection of double resonance points is realized through two different asymmetric combination modes. The embodiment of the invention provides two methods for constructing an asymmetric spring: one is the same number of beams and spring combinations with different beam thicknesses; the other is a spring combination with the same beam thickness and different beam numbers. The structure of the spring is shown in fig. 3. The bending beam structure can pick up the space of the spring to the maximum extent, and compared with a cross beam with a straight structure, the bending beam is beneficial to improving the stability of the spring. As shown in fig. 4, the combined planar spring may be composed of two different planar springs which are separately processed, or may be integrally processed.
As shown in FIG. 5, the vibration pick-up structure of the collector of the present invention has two elastic coefficients k 1 ，k 2 Is formed by jointly connecting a permanent magnet (3) with the mass of m with plane springs (1-1, 1-2), c 1 ，c 2 The damping coefficients of the two springs are respectively, y (t) is the external acting excitation, and z (t) is the displacement of the mass (permanent magnet 3). The two different springs give the system two different characteristic frequencies f 1 ，f 2 When an external vibration excitation frequency is applied to the collector, the collector has 3 vibration modes for different frequencies, as shown in fig. 6. When the external frequency is f 1 When the corresponding elastic coefficient is k 1 Is in resonance, thereby driving the mass (permanentMagnet 3) moves up and down, and is displaced relative to coil 6 fixed to housing 5, thereby changing the magnetic flux passing through the coil, inducing a voltage, thereby converting vibration energy into electric energy, and completing energy collection, as shown in fig. 6 (a), when the collector is in vibration mode one. When the external frequency is f 2 When the corresponding elastic coefficient is k 2 The spring of (a) is at resonance and can also convert the vibrational energy into electrical energy, as shown in fig. 6 (b), with the collector in vibrational mode two. When the external frequency is not at the resonance frequency of the vibrator, the spring k 1 And spring k 2 The permanent magnet is driven to move together, the movement stroke is small because of no resonance frequency, and the output voltage is small, as shown in (c) of fig. 6, at the moment, the collector is in a third vibration mode. The collector has an external vibration frequency f 1 And f 2 When the permanent magnet has a large movement stroke, the output voltage is large, namely f 1 And f 2 Is the two operating frequency points of the collector.
According to the structure shown in fig. 1 and 2, the inventors fabricated a prototype of the collector. Wherein the shell 5 and the connecting piece 2 are made of resin materials through 3D printing, the coil 6 is formed by winding copper enamelled wires with the wire diameter of 0.1mm, the plane springs (1-1 and 1-2) are made of brass through machining, the permanent magnet 3 is made of neodymium iron boron materials, and the size of the whole device is 62mm multiplied by 32mm multiplied by 17mm.
The dimensions of the permanent magnet 3 are 40mm x 15mm x 5mm, and are commonly connected by two planar springs (1-1, 1-2), and the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 3 in the coil 6 is determined by the relative positions of the permanent magnet 3 and the coil 6 when the dimensions of the permanent magnet 3 are determined. The relation between the relative positions of the permanent magnet 3 and the coil 6 and the magnetic flux passing through the coil is simulated in finite element software COMSOL to obtain the magnitude of the magnetic flux passing through the coil in different relative positions, and the relation between the flux linkage change rate and the relative positions is obtained after derivation, as shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from fig. 7, when the relative position is 2.7mm, the flux linkage change rate is maximized, and the relative position between the permanent magnet 3 and the coil 6 is set to be about 2.7 mm.
The waveform wave of the prototype of the present invention at the resonance point is shown in fig. 8 and 9, and the peak-to-peak voltage output at the resonance frequencies 67Hz and 115Hz are 632.6mV and 244.9mV, respectively. The frequency-voltage curve of the prototype is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen from fig. 10 that the prototype has two resonance frequency points, and the collection range is widened from 2 to 4Hz to 8 to 10Hz compared with the collector with a single resonance point.
Conventional array structures can be divided into two types: increasing the output power of the single resonance point by the same structural array, which can be a magnet array or a moving structural array; the other is to increase the working frequency by using different similar structural arrays, for example, cantilever beam structural arrays with length being distributed in equal difference, so that the working frequency can cover a larger frequency band. The above array structure increases the volume of the whole device and has high requirements on the process. The invention adopts two plane spring structures with larger difference to obtain the working frequencies of two resonance points, and uses two springs to share one large magnet to offset the power density reduction caused by the volume increase.
According to the vibration energy collector based on the asymmetric-biplane springs, the bandwidth of the collector is increased through the combination of the plane springs with different elastic coefficients, and on the basis of a single spring and a single vibrator, two asymmetric plane springs are connected with one permanent magnet vibrator together, so that the whole device can collect vibration energy based on two resonance frequencies generated by different springs, the design complexity, the cost and the output power are considered, and the vibration energy collector has the advantages of wide collection range, simple structure, low cost and the like, and can collect vibration energy generated by running vehicles, running automobiles and the like on rails.
The foregoing is merely illustrative embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that may be easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A wide range vibration energy harvester based on an asymmetric-biplane spring, characterized by: the device comprises a shell (5), a connecting piece (2), a permanent magnet (3) and a first plane spring (1-1) and a second plane spring (1-2) which are arranged in the shell (5), wherein the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) are fixed on the permanent magnet (3) through the connecting piece (2), a coil (6) is wound on the shell (5) corresponding to the permanent magnet (3), the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) are of asymmetric-biplane spring structures and have different elastic coefficients, and when an external vibration action is applied to a collector, the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) vibrate to drive the permanent magnet (3) to move up and down and generate relative displacement with the coil (6) fixed on the shell (5); the first plane springs (1-1) and the second plane springs (1-2) are spring combinations with the same number of cross beams and different cross beam thicknesses, or the first plane springs (1-1) and the second plane springs (1-2) are spring combinations with the same cross beam thickness and different cross beam numbers; the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) are of asymmetric two-beam and three-beam serpentine bent beam structures; the collector forms three different vibration modes: when the external vibration frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the first spring, the first spring resonates, and the second spring is driven by the connecting piece and the magnet to generate vibration with smaller displacement; when the external vibration frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the second spring, the second spring resonates, and the first spring is driven by the connecting piece and the magnet to generate vibration with smaller displacement; when the external vibration frequency is not equal to the natural frequencies of the first spring and the first spring, the first spring and the second spring are in a small displacement vibration state.
2. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the top of the shell (5) is provided with two grooves corresponding to the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2), and the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) are respectively placed in the two grooves at the top of the shell (5).
3. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the plane spring combination consisting of the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) is processed respectively or integrally.
4. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the permanent magnet (3) is made of neodymium iron boron materials.
5. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the first spring and the second spring are manufactured by adopting a 3D printing or mechanical forming processing technology, copper, titanium alloy or nylon materials are adopted for manufacturing, a coil (6) is a wire winding type coil or a planar coil based on a PCB substrate, and the shell (5) is manufactured by adopting the 3D printing processing technology.
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