CN113890300A - Wide range vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric-biplane springs - Google Patents
Wide range vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric-biplane springs Download PDFInfo
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- CN113890300A CN113890300A CN202111069756.8A CN202111069756A CN113890300A CN 113890300 A CN113890300 A CN 113890300A CN 202111069756 A CN202111069756 A CN 202111069756A CN 113890300 A CN113890300 A CN 113890300A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
- H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/34—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
Abstract
The invention provides an asymmetric-biplane spring-based wide-range vibration energy collector which comprises a shell, a connecting piece arranged in the shell, a permanent magnet, a first plane spring and a second plane spring, wherein the first plane spring and the second plane spring are mounted on the connecting piece, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are fixed on the permanent magnet through the connecting piece, a coil is wound on the shell corresponding to the position of the permanent magnet, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are of an asymmetric-biplane spring structure and have different elastic coefficients, and when external vibration is applied to the collector, the first plane spring and the second plane spring vibrate to drive the permanent magnet to move up and down and generate relative displacement with the coil fixed on the shell. The collector has different vibration modes to realize wide bandwidth by adopting an asymmetric structure, and has simple structure and low assembly difficulty; and it adopts asymmetric structure, and the motion mode is various, collects the frequency bandwidth, and this energy collector can collect the vibration energy under two resonance points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-energy collection, in particular to a wide-range vibration energy collector based on an asymmetric-biplane spring.
Background
With the rapid development of the internet of things, more and more wireless sensor networks and low-power electronic devices are widely applied. At present, the conventional chemical batteries are used as main power for supplying power to the electronic equipment, the equipment is maintained regularly, and the replacement of the batteries consumes a great deal of manpower and material resources, and in addition, the chemical batteries pollute the environment. Energy which can be utilized exists in the environment where low-power electronic equipment works, such as solar energy, wind energy, thermal energy, vibration energy and the like. The vibration energy has the advantages of no environmental limitation and wide distribution, and if the vibration energy can be collected, the self-power supply of the electronic equipment is realized, and then the chemical battery is replaced, so that the problems brought by the chemical battery are fundamentally solved.
At present, a common energy harvester only works at a single resonance point, most of the vibration in the environment is not vibration of a single frequency, the frequency components of the vibration are distributed in a wider frequency band, and in order to fully harvest the vibration energy in the environment, the vibration energy harvester is required to have broadband vibration harvesting performance.
An electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is disclosed in patent application publication No. CN 111130296A. The collector drives the permanent magnet to vibrate through two plane springs of symmetrical structures connected to the upper surface and the lower surface of the permanent magnet, the plane springs are structurally composed of four snake-shaped cantilever beams and a rectangular elastic platform, and each section of cantilever beam is respectively connected with the elastic platform and a frame of the silicon substrate. The collector enables the vibration of the vibrator to have a typical nonlinear effect through the nonlinear attraction force between the permanent magnet and the iron core, thereby widening the output broadband of the system and improving the output power. However, the collector is complex in structure and requires a high assembly process.
Application publication No. CN 11124295A discloses an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester. The collector is provided with an upper bottom plate and a lower bottom plate, four planar springs with the same structure are connected to the periphery of the upper bottom plate, a snake-shaped coil is placed in the middle of the upper bottom plate, and an array magnet is placed in the center of the lower bottom plate. Under the external excitation condition, the planar spring drives the snake-shaped coil to move in the horizontal direction, so that the coil cuts the magnetic induction lines generated by the magnet array, and induced electromotive force is generated at two ends of the snake-shaped coil. The springs of the collector are four identical symmetrical springs, so that the movement mode is single, and the collection frequency band is narrow.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect of the collection range of the single-resonance-point vibration energy collector, the invention provides a wide-range vibration energy collector based on an asymmetric-biplane spring, which adopts an asymmetric structure to enable the collector to have different vibration modes to realize wide bandwidth, and has the advantages of simple structure and low assembly difficulty; and it adopts asymmetric structure, and the motion mode is various, collects the frequency bandwidth, and this energy collector can collect the vibration energy under two resonance points.
The wide-range vibration energy collector comprises a shell, a connecting piece arranged in the shell, a permanent magnet, a first plane spring and a second plane spring, wherein the first plane spring and the second plane spring are mounted on the connecting piece, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are fixed on the permanent magnet through the connecting piece, a coil is wound on the shell corresponding to the position of the permanent magnet, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are of an asymmetric-biplane spring structure and have different elastic coefficients, and when external vibration is applied to the collector, the first plane spring and the second plane spring vibrate to drive the permanent magnet to move up and down and produce relative displacement with the coil fixed on the shell.
Furthermore, the top of the shell is provided with two grooves corresponding to the first planar spring and the second planar spring, and the first planar spring and the second planar spring are respectively placed in the two grooves at the top of the shell.
Furthermore, the plane spring combination composed of the first plane spring and the second plane spring can be processed respectively or integrally.
Furthermore, a winding groove is formed in the side wall of the shell corresponding to the position of the permanent magnet in a surrounding mode, and the coil is wound in the winding groove of the shell.
Furthermore, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are spring combinations with the same number of cross beams and different thicknesses of the cross beams.
Furthermore, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are spring combinations with the same beam thickness and different beam numbers.
Furthermore, the first plane spring and the second plane spring are in asymmetric two-beam and three-beam serpentine bending beam structures.
Furthermore, the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron materials.
Further, the collector forms three different vibration modes: when the external vibration frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the first spring, the first spring resonates, and the second spring is driven by the connecting piece and the magnet to generate vibration with smaller displacement; when the external vibration frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the second spring, the second spring resonates, and the first spring is driven to generate vibration with smaller displacement through the connecting piece and the magnet; when the external vibration frequency is different from the natural frequency of the first spring and the natural frequency of the first spring, the first spring and the second spring are in a small displacement vibration state.
Furthermore, the first spring and the second spring are manufactured by adopting a 3D printing or mechanical forming processing technology and are made of copper, titanium alloy or nylon materials, the coil is a wound coil or a planar coil based on a PCB substrate, and the shell is manufactured by adopting a 3D printing processing technology.
The invention generates two different resonant frequencies through the two springs with different elastic coefficients so as to collect the vibration energy in two frequency ranges.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a portion of a wide range vibration energy harvester of the present invention based on asymmetric-biplane springs;
FIG. 2 is a perspective block diagram of a wide range vibration energy harvester of the present invention based on asymmetric-biplane springs;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a flat spring according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the flat spring of the present invention, which is integrally formed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vibration pickup portion of the collector of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of three vibration modes of the collector of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the flux linkage and the relative positions of the magnet and the coil;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of the test at a resonance frequency of 67Hz in a prototype according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of a test at a resonant frequency of 115Hz in a prototype of the present invention;
figure 10 is a graph of frequency versus voltage for a prototype of the invention.
The reference numerals in the figures are as follows:
1-first plane spring, 1-2-second plane spring, 2-connecting piece, 3-permanent magnet, 4-screw, 5-shell, 16-coil.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a wide-range vibration energy collector based on a biplanar spring, which collects vibration energy at two resonance points by connecting two planar springs with different elastic coefficients to a permanent magnet. The wide-range vibration energy collector based on the biplanar spring comprises: the spring comprises a first planar spring 1-1, a second planar spring 1-2, a connecting piece 2, a permanent magnet 3, a screw 4, a shell 5 and a coil 6.
The first planar spring 1-1 and the second planar spring 1-2 are fixed on the connecting piece 2, specifically, the first planar spring 1-1, the second planar spring 1-2 and the connecting piece 2 are connected into a whole through a screw 4, and the connecting piece 2 is fixed on the permanent magnet 3 through other modes such as adhesion.
The connecting piece 2 and the permanent magnet 3 are arranged in the shell 5, two grooves are formed in the top of the shell 5 corresponding to the first planar spring 1-1 and the second planar spring 1-2, and the first planar spring 1-1 and the second planar spring 1-2 are respectively arranged in the two grooves in the top of the shell 5. The side wall of the shell 5 corresponding to the position of the permanent magnet 3 is provided with a winding groove in a surrounding way, and the coil 6 is wound in the winding groove of the shell 5.
The planar spring is used as a part for converting vibration energy into kinetic energy of the vibrator and plays a key role in the collector, the single spring only works under a single resonance point, and the vibration energy under two resonance points can be collected by adopting an asymmetric-biplane spring structure. The plane spring of the device is an asymmetric two-beam (shown as (a) in figure 3) and three-beam (shown as (b) in figure 3) serpentine bending beam structure, and the energy collection of the double resonance point is realized by two different asymmetric combination modes. The embodiment of the invention provides two methods for constructing an asymmetric spring: one is a spring combination with the same number of cross beams and different cross beam thicknesses; the other type is a spring combination with the same beam thickness and different beam numbers. The spring is constructed as shown in figure 3. The bending beam structure can pick up the space of the spring to the maximum extent, and compared with a beam with a straight structure, the bending beam structure is beneficial to improving the stability of the spring. As shown in fig. 4, the combined flat spring may be composed of two different flat springs that are separately processed, or may be integrally processed.
As shown in FIG. 5, the vibration pickup structure of the collector of the present invention comprises two elastic coefficients k1，k2The planar springs (1-1, 1-2) are jointly connected with a permanent magnet (3) with mass m, c1，c2The damping coefficients of the two springs are respectively, y (t) is external action excitation, and z (t) is displacement of the mass block (the permanent magnet 3). The two different springs give the system two different characteristic frequencies f1，f2When an external vibration excitation frequency is applied to the collector, the collector will have 3 vibration modes for different frequencies, as shown in fig. 6. When the external frequency is f1When the corresponding elastic coefficient is k1The spring is in resonance, thereby driving the mass (permanent magnet 3) to move up and down, and generating relative displacement with the coil 6 fixed on the shell 5, thereby changing the magnetic flux passing through the coil, inducing voltage, thereby converting vibration energy into electric energy and completing energy collection, as shown in (a) in fig. 6, at the moment, the collector is in a vibration mode one. When the external frequency is f2When the corresponding elastic coefficient is k2The spring (b) is in resonance and is also capable of converting vibrational energy into electrical energy, as shown in figure 6 (b), when the harvester is in vibrational mode two. When the external frequency is not at the resonant frequency of the vibrator, the spring k1And a spring k2The permanent magnets are driven to move together, the movement stroke is small due to the fact that the resonance frequency is not generated, the output voltage is small, and as shown in (c) of fig. 6, the collector is in a third vibration mode. The collector vibrates at an external vibration frequency of f1And f2When the permanent magnet has a large movement stroke, the output voltage is large, i.e. f1And f2Two operating frequency points of the collector.
The present inventors have made prototypes of collectors according to the structures shown in fig. 1 and 2. The shell 5 and the connecting piece 2 are made of resin materials through 3D printing, the coil 6 is formed by winding copper enameled wires with the wire diameter of 0.1mm, the planar springs (1-1 and 1-2) are made of brass through machining, the permanent magnet 3 is made of neodymium iron boron materials, and the size of the whole device is about 62mm multiplied by 32mm multiplied by 17 mm.
The permanent magnet 3 has dimensions of 40mm × 15mm × 5mm and is connected together by two planar springs (1-1, 1-2), and in the case of a fixed size of the permanent magnet 3, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 3 in the coil 6 is determined by the relative position of the permanent magnet 3 and the coil 6. The relationship between the relative position of the permanent magnet 3 and the coil 6 and the magnetic flux passing through the coil is simulated in the finite element software COMSOL, the magnitude of the magnetic flux passing through the coil at different relative positions is obtained, and the relationship between the flux linkage change rate and the relative position is obtained after derivation, as shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from fig. 7, when the relative position is 2.7mm, the rate of change of the magnetic flux linkage is the largest, and the relative position between the permanent magnet 3 and the coil 6 is set to be about 2.7 mm.
Waveform waves at the resonance point of the prototype of the present invention are shown in fig. 8 and 9, and peak-to-peak voltages at resonance frequencies of 67Hz and 115Hz were 632.6mV and 244.9mV, respectively. The frequency-voltage curve of the prototype is shown in FIG. 10, and as can be seen from FIG. 10, the prototype has two resonance frequency points, and compared with a collector with a single resonance point, the collection range is widened from 2-4 Hz to 8-10 Hz.
Conventional array structures can be divided into two types: the output power of a single resonance point is increased by the same structural array, which can be a magnet array or a moving structural array; the other is to increase the working frequency by different similar structure arrays, for example, the cantilever beam structure array with the length being distributed in an equal difference way can make the working frequency cover a larger frequency band. The above array structure increases the volume of the whole device and has high requirements on the process. The structure adopted by the invention is that two plane spring structures with larger difference are used for obtaining the working frequencies of two resonance points, and the two springs share one large magnet to offset the reduction of power density caused by the increase of volume.
According to the vibration energy collector based on the asymmetric-biplane springs, the bandwidth of the collector is increased through the combination of the plane springs with different elastic coefficients, the permanent magnet vibrator is connected with the two asymmetric plane springs on the basis of a single spring and a single vibrator, so that the whole device can collect vibration energy generated by the two springs under two resonance frequencies, the whole design has the advantages of design complexity, cost and output power, the vibration energy collector has the advantages of wide collection range, simple structure, low cost and the like, and the collector can collect vibration energy generated by running vehicles, running automobiles and the like on rails.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A wide range vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric-biplane springs, characterized by: comprises a shell (5), a connecting piece (2) arranged in the shell (5), a permanent magnet (3), a first plane spring (1-1) and a second plane spring (1-2) which are arranged on the connecting piece (2), wherein the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) are fixed on the permanent magnet (3) through the connecting piece (2), a coil (6) is wound on the shell (5) corresponding to the position of the permanent magnet (3), the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) are in an asymmetric-biplane spring structure and have different elastic coefficients, when external vibration acts on the collector, the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) vibrate to drive the permanent magnet (3) to move up and down, and the permanent magnet and a coil (6) fixed on the shell (5) generate relative displacement.
2. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the top of the shell (5) is provided with two grooves corresponding to the first planar spring (1-1) and the second planar spring (1-2), and the first planar spring (1-1) and the second planar spring (1-2) are respectively placed in the two grooves at the top of the shell (5).
3. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the plane spring combination composed of the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) can be processed respectively or integrally.
4. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the side wall of the shell (5) corresponding to the position of the permanent magnet (3) is provided with a winding groove in a surrounding way, and the coil (6) is wound in the winding groove of the shell (5).
5. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) are spring combinations with the same number of cross beams and different thicknesses of the cross beams.
6. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) are spring combinations with the same beam thickness and different beam numbers.
7. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 5 or 6, wherein: the first plane spring (1-1) and the second plane spring (1-2) are of asymmetric two-beam and three-beam snake-shaped bending beam structures.
8. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the permanent magnet (3) is made of neodymium iron boron materials.
9. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the collector forms three different vibration modes: when the external vibration frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the first spring, the first spring resonates, and the second spring is driven by the connecting piece and the magnet to generate vibration with smaller displacement; when the external vibration frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the second spring, the second spring resonates, and the first spring is driven to generate vibration with smaller displacement through the connecting piece and the magnet; when the external vibration frequency is different from the natural frequency of the first spring and the natural frequency of the first spring, the first spring and the second spring are in a small displacement vibration state.
10. The asymmetric-biplane spring based wide range vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein: the first spring and the second spring are manufactured by adopting a 3D printing or mechanical forming processing technology and are made of copper, titanium alloy or nylon materials, the coil (6) is a wound coil or a planar coil based on a PCB substrate, and the shell (5) is manufactured by adopting a 3D printing processing technology.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114665685A (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-06-24 | 东北电力大学 | Planar two-dimensional random vibration energy recovery device |
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| CN113890300B (en) | 2023-06-16 |
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