CN112072952A - Double-resonance type low-frequency extension vibration power generation device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种双谐振式低频延伸振动发电装置和方法，属于振动发电领域。The invention relates to a double resonance type low-frequency extension vibration power generation device and method, belonging to the field of vibration power generation.
背景技术Background technique
在智能监测和环境能量收集等领域，无线传感器大多采用电池供电的传统供电方式，这种方式存在寿命短、需要经常维护、可能导致环境污染等问题。为克服传统供能方式的缺点，从环境中直接获取能量进行供应是一种有效可行的替代方案。振动能量相比于其他能量形式而言，在环境中的存在更为广泛，例如大型机械运行中的振动、桥梁振动、声波振动等。基于某些功能材料的振动发电装置能够收集环境中的振动能量，并将其转换为电能从而为无线传感网络节点供电，或为其他设备解决供电能源问题。In the fields of intelligent monitoring and environmental energy harvesting, most wireless sensors use traditional battery-powered power supply methods, which have problems such as short lifespan, frequent maintenance, and possible environmental pollution. In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional energy supply methods, directly obtaining energy from the environment for supply is an effective and feasible alternative. Compared with other forms of energy, vibration energy exists more widely in the environment, such as vibration in the operation of large-scale machinery, bridge vibration, sound wave vibration, etc. Vibration power generation devices based on certain functional materials can collect vibration energy in the environment and convert it into electrical energy to supply power to wireless sensor network nodes, or to solve the problem of power supply energy for other devices.
振动能与电能转换的典型方法主要有3种：电磁感应、静电感应和压电效应。电磁感应发电技术比较成熟，能量转换效率也比较高，但是所需的磁铁和线圈的体积较大，结构也比较复杂，不适用于微型机电结构。There are three typical methods of converting vibration energy to electrical energy: electromagnetic induction, electrostatic induction and piezoelectric effect. The electromagnetic induction power generation technology is relatively mature and the energy conversion efficiency is relatively high, but the required magnets and coils are relatively large in size and complex in structure, and are not suitable for micro-electromechanical structures.
基于简单摩擦起电和静电感应原理的摩擦发电技术是一种新型能量采集技术，具有器件结构简单、成本低廉、易于制备和大规模生产等突出优点。在摩擦发电的两个电极基板紧密接触(例如碰撞或摩擦)期间，电子转移使得两个基板之间产生电场。当两个分离的基板通过背面电连接时，电场将发生变化，电子在整个系统中重新分布，从而产生电流。压电材料是一种理想的机电能量转换材料，可以直接产生电压而不需初始电压，另外没有结构设计的限制和电磁干扰。在外力作用下压电材料内部产生极化现象，同时在某两个表面上产生符号相反的电荷。当电荷量较大时，可用来构造微型发电装置或直接为电子器件供电。在振动能量回收过程中，由于其发电机理不同，摩擦发电适用于低频振动环境，而压电发电适用于高频振动环境。Triboelectric power generation technology based on simple triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction principle is a new type of energy harvesting technology, which has the outstanding advantages of simple device structure, low cost, easy preparation and large-scale production. During the close contact (eg collision or friction) of the two electrode substrates of triboelectric power generation, electron transfer causes an electric field to be generated between the two substrates. When two separate substrates are electrically connected through the backside, the electric field changes and the electrons are redistributed throughout the system, creating an electrical current. Piezoelectric material is an ideal electromechanical energy conversion material, which can directly generate voltage without initial voltage, and has no structural design restrictions and electromagnetic interference. Under the action of external force, polarization is generated inside the piezoelectric material, and charges with opposite signs are generated on two surfaces at the same time. When the amount of charge is large, it can be used to construct micro power generation devices or directly supply power to electronic devices. In the process of vibration energy recovery, due to its different power generation mechanisms, triboelectric power generation is suitable for low-frequency vibration environments, while piezoelectric power generation is suitable for high-frequency vibration environments.
当前振动发电装置主要采用单谐振式压电振子结构，存在工作频带窄的缺点，在复杂环境中达不到较好的供电效果，特别是在环境振动能量较大的低频段，能量转换效率差。中国发明专利“一种宽频压电振动能量收集装置”(ZL201310686868.7)通过设计悬臂梁振子的个数和谐振频率来实现宽频能量收集；中国发明专利“一种频率可调压电振动发电装置”(ZL201710388543.9)通过设计旋钮改变悬臂振子的有效悬臂长度来实现发电装置的频率可调。通过悬臂振子阵列或改变悬臂长度的方法，虽然能够适量拓宽工作带宽，但同时增加了装置的复杂性，无法从根本上解决单悬臂振子频率单一的问题。特别是压电发电结构在低频振动下，能量转换效率低。而自然界较多振动形式的频带包含了这一低频区域，单一频率水平的悬臂振子难以避免大量的振动能量流失。The current vibration power generation device mainly adopts a single-resonance piezoelectric vibrator structure, which has the disadvantage of a narrow operating frequency band, and cannot achieve a good power supply effect in a complex environment, especially in the low frequency band with high environmental vibration energy, and the energy conversion efficiency is poor. . The Chinese invention patent "A Broadband Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting Device" (ZL201310686868.7) realizes broadband energy collection by designing the number and resonant frequency of the cantilever beam oscillator; the Chinese invention patent "A Frequency Adjustable Piezoelectric Vibration Power Generation Device" "(ZL201710388543.9) The frequency of the generator can be adjusted by changing the effective cantilever length of the cantilever oscillator by designing a knob. Through the method of cantilever vibrator array or changing the length of the cantilever, although the working bandwidth can be appropriately broadened, the complexity of the device is increased at the same time, and the problem of single frequency of the single cantilever vibrator cannot be fundamentally solved. In particular, the piezoelectric power generation structure has low energy conversion efficiency under low frequency vibration. However, the frequency bands of many vibration forms in nature include this low frequency region, and it is difficult for a cantilever oscillator at a single frequency level to avoid a large amount of vibration energy loss.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中的不足，解决现有技术中单悬臂振子发电装置工作带宽窄和低频不敏感的问题，本发明提供一种双谐振式低频延伸振动发电装置和方法，将适合于低频大幅度振动的摩擦发电技术和适合于高频小幅度振动的压电发电技术相结合，使摩擦发电结构和压电发电结构的两个共振频带错开且叠加，从而拓宽振动发电装置的工作频带，提高装置对复杂环境的适应性，提高发电效率。并通过元器件的复用技术减少结构的复杂度、体积和重量。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and solve the problems of narrow working bandwidth and low frequency insensitivity of the single cantilever vibrator power generation device in the prior art, the present invention provides a dual-resonance low-frequency extended vibration power generation device and method, which will be suitable for The combination of the triboelectric power generation technology suitable for low-frequency large-amplitude vibration and the piezoelectric power generation technology suitable for high-frequency small-amplitude vibration makes the two resonance frequency bands of the triboelectric power generation structure and the piezoelectric power generation structure stagger and superimpose, thereby broadening the work of the vibration power generation device. frequency band, improve the adaptability of the device to the complex environment, and improve the power generation efficiency. And through the reuse of components, the complexity, volume and weight of the structure are reduced.
技术方案：为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：Technical scheme: in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种双谐振式低频延伸振动发电装置，其特征在于：包括压电振子结构、摩擦发电振子结构和支撑单元。所述压电振子结构包括高刚度悬臂梁(1)、压电材料层(2)和压电振子质量块(3)。所述摩擦发电振子结构包括高刚度悬臂梁(1)、高分子材料层(6)、低刚度悬臂梁(5)和摩擦发电振子质量块(4)。所述支撑单元包括基座(7)。所述高刚度悬臂梁(1)、低刚度悬臂梁(5)的一端均固定在基座(7)上，压电材料层(2)粘贴在高刚度悬臂梁(1)上表面，高分子材料层(6)粘贴在低刚度悬臂梁(5)的上表面。压电振子质量块(3)固定在压电振子结构高刚度悬臂梁(1)自由端的上表面，摩擦发电振子质量块(4)固定在摩擦发电振子结构低刚度悬臂梁(5)自由端的下表面。压电振子质量块(3)和摩擦发电振子质量块(4)位置相对，高刚度悬臂梁(1)下表面和高分子材料层(6)上表面在仅受重力作用的平衡状态下具有一定空隙，空隙大小与悬臂振子的刚度有关，自由端空隙最大，越靠近固定端空隙越小。A dual-resonance low-frequency extension vibration power generation device is characterized in that: it comprises a piezoelectric vibrator structure, a triboelectric vibrator structure and a support unit. The piezoelectric vibrator structure includes a high-rigidity cantilever beam (1), a piezoelectric material layer (2) and a piezoelectric vibrator mass block (3). The triboelectric vibrator structure comprises a high-rigidity cantilever beam (1), a polymer material layer (6), a low-rigidity cantilever beam (5) and a triboelectric-electricity vibrator mass block (4). The support unit includes a base (7). One ends of the high-rigidity cantilever beam (1) and the low-rigidity cantilever beam (5) are fixed on the base (7), and the piezoelectric material layer (2) is pasted on the upper surface of the high-rigidity cantilever beam (1). The material layer (6) is pasted on the upper surface of the low-rigidity cantilever beam (5). The piezoelectric vibrator mass block (3) is fixed on the upper surface of the free end of the high-rigidity cantilever beam (1) of the piezoelectric vibrator structure, and the triboelectric vibrator mass block (4) is fixed on the lower surface of the free end of the low-rigidity cantilever beam (5) of the triboelectric vibrator structure surface. The piezoelectric vibrator mass block (3) and the triboelectric vibrator mass block (4) are positioned opposite to each other, and the lower surface of the high-rigidity cantilever beam (1) and the upper surface of the polymer material layer (6) have a certain degree of equilibrium under the action of gravity only. The gap is related to the stiffness of the cantilever vibrator. The free end has the largest gap, and the closer to the fixed end, the smaller the gap.
压电材料层材质可选择无机材料锆钛酸铅(PZT)、有机材料聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)等，高分子材料层材质可选择有机材料聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)等，高刚度悬臂梁材质可选用铝等较轻的金属材料，低刚度悬臂梁材质可选用弹性较好的铍青铜等金属材料。The piezoelectric material layer can be selected from inorganic materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), organic materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and the polymer material layer can be selected from organic materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The rigid cantilever beam can be made of light metal materials such as aluminum, and the low-rigidity cantilever beam can be made of metal materials such as beryllium bronze with good elasticity.
基座随环境振动时，悬臂梁受质量块惯性力作用，产生同频率弯曲振动。当发生较低频振动时，摩擦发电振子接近处于共振状态，低刚度悬臂梁(5)振子振幅处于较大状态，高刚度悬臂梁(1)振动幅度较小，基本上可以忽略。高分子材料层(6)的材料与高刚度悬臂梁(1)的材料一起组成摩擦发电的配对材料，一种容易获得电荷，一种容易得到电荷。当高分子材料层(6)表面与高刚度悬臂梁(1)表面反复接近-挤压-离开时，根据静电感应和摩擦发电原理，高刚度悬臂梁(1)和低刚度悬臂梁(5)作为摩擦发电的两个电极，在两者之间将产生交变电荷，输出电能。此时压电振子输出电能很小，几乎可以忽略不计。When the base vibrates with the environment, the cantilever beam is subjected to the inertial force of the mass block, which produces bending vibration of the same frequency. When a lower frequency vibration occurs, the triboelectric vibrator is close to a resonance state, the low stiffness cantilever beam (5) vibrator has a large amplitude, and the high stiffness cantilever beam (1) has a small vibration amplitude, which can be basically ignored. The material of the polymer material layer (6) and the material of the high-rigidity cantilever beam (1) together form a paired material for triboelectric power generation, one of which is easy to obtain electric charge, and the other of which is easy to obtain electric charge. When the surface of the polymer material layer (6) and the surface of the high-rigidity cantilever beam (1) repeatedly approach-extrude-leave, according to the principles of electrostatic induction and triboelectric generation, the high-rigidity cantilever beam (1) and the low-rigidity cantilever beam (5) act as The two electrodes of triboelectric power generation will generate alternating charges between them and output electrical energy. At this time, the output electric energy of the piezoelectric vibrator is very small, almost negligible.
与此对应，当发生较高频振动时，压电发电振子接近处于共振状态，高刚度悬臂梁(1)振子振幅处于较大状态，由于其弯曲振动，其上的压电材料层(2)被反复压缩和拉伸，在其两表面产生交变电荷，产生电能输出。此时摩擦发电振子输出电能很小，几乎可以忽略不计。Correspondingly, when a higher frequency vibration occurs, the piezoelectric vibrator is close to being in a resonance state, and the high stiffness cantilever beam (1) vibrator has a larger amplitude. Due to its bending vibration, the piezoelectric material layer (2) on it It is repeatedly compressed and stretched, and alternating charges are generated on its two surfaces to generate electrical energy output. At this time, the output electric energy of the triboelectric vibrator is very small, almost negligible.
得到的电能经过充电控制电路进行整流后，对储能电路进行充电，最终为无线传感器或其他电子器件供电。通过振子参数设计，摩擦发电振子的敏感工作频带在低频范围，压电振子的敏感工作频带在高频范围，这两个频带相互错开且覆盖了较宽的频带范围，实现了发电结构对振动频带的拓宽和低频段的延伸。这种双谐振振动发电装置在低频段和高频段均有对应的结构能够进行能量转换工作，特别是低频段，工作频带可以延伸到单悬臂梁式压电振子难以到达的低频区域，突破了单压电振子发电技术在低频段的低敏性，适用性更强。After the obtained electric energy is rectified by the charging control circuit, the energy storage circuit is charged, and finally the wireless sensor or other electronic devices are supplied with power. Through the design of the oscillator parameters, the sensitive working frequency band of the triboelectric oscillator is in the low frequency range, and the sensitive working frequency band of the piezoelectric oscillator is in the high frequency range. widening and low frequency extension. This dual-resonance vibration power generation device has corresponding structures in both low frequency and high frequency bands and can perform energy conversion work, especially in the low frequency band. The low-sensitivity of piezoelectric vibrator power generation technology in low frequency band is more applicable.
发电振子结构的工作频带与结构的尺寸、材料选取有关，结构与外部振动发生共振时换能效率达到最大。通过改变结构尺寸等可以改变发电振子结构的固有频率，可以实现工作频带的调节以适应不同环境。比如，低频段的频率范围可选0-5Hz，高频段的频率范围可选5Hz以上。The working frequency band of the power-generating vibrator structure is related to the size and material selection of the structure. When the structure resonates with the external vibration, the energy conversion efficiency reaches the maximum. By changing the structure size, the natural frequency of the generator vibrator structure can be changed, and the working frequency band can be adjusted to adapt to different environments. For example, the frequency range of the low frequency band can be selected from 0 to 5 Hz, and the frequency range of the high frequency band can be selected to be above 5 Hz.
作为一种优选方案，所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于：所述压电振子结构和摩擦发电振子结构均集成固定于基座上，所述压电振子结构和摩擦发电振子结构连接同一个充电控制电路。As a preferred solution, the vibration power generation device is characterized in that: the piezoelectric vibrator structure and the triboelectric vibrator structure are both integrated and fixed on the base, and the piezoelectric vibrator structure and the triboelectric vibrator structure are connected to the same charging control circuit.
作为一种优选方案，所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于：实现一些部件的功能复用。所述高刚度悬臂梁复用为压电振子弹性梁、压电材料一个电极、摩擦发电一个电极以及摩擦发电一种发电材料；所述低刚度悬臂梁复用为摩擦发电振子弹性梁和摩擦发电一个电极。As a preferred solution, the vibration power generation device is characterized in that the function multiplexing of some components is realized. The high-rigidity cantilever beam is multiplexed into a piezoelectric vibrator elastic beam, one electrode of piezoelectric material, one electrode for triboelectric power generation, and one type of triboelectric power generation material; the low-rigidity cantilever beam is multiplexed into a triboelectric vibrator elastic beam and a triboelectric generation material. an electrode.
作为一种优选方案，所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于：所述压电材料和摩擦发电用高分子材料可以根据工程实际频率要求等进行材料优化替换，压电材料通过胶水粘合在悬臂弹性元件上。As a preferred solution, the vibration power generation device is characterized in that: the piezoelectric material and the polymer material for triboelectric power generation can be optimized and replaced according to the actual frequency requirements of the project, and the piezoelectric material is bonded to the cantilever by glue. on the elastic element.
作为一种优选方案，所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于：通过振子参数设计，摩擦发电振子的敏感工作频带在低频范围，压电振子的敏感工作频带在高频范围，这两个频带相互错开且覆盖了较宽的频带范围，实现了振动频带的拓宽。特别地，装置工作频带得以向下延伸至低频区域，以克服单悬臂压电振子不能敏感较低频带的缺点，使其适应性更强。As a preferred solution, the vibration power generation device is characterized in that: through the design of the oscillator parameters, the sensitive working frequency band of the triboelectric oscillator is in the low frequency range, and the sensitive working frequency band of the piezoelectric oscillator is in the high frequency range, and these two frequency bands are mutually exclusive. It is staggered and covers a wider frequency range, realizing the broadening of the vibration frequency band. In particular, the operating frequency band of the device can be extended down to the low frequency region, so as to overcome the shortcoming that the single cantilever piezoelectric vibrator cannot be sensitive to lower frequency bands, making it more adaptable.
本发明在于提供一种用于振动能量回收的双谐振式低频延伸悬臂式振动发电装置。The present invention is to provide a dual-resonance low-frequency extended cantilever vibration power generation device for vibration energy recovery.
有益效果：本发明提供的一种悬臂式双谐振式低频延伸振动发电装置，通过综合摩擦发电和压电发电技术，在高、低频段均能对振动能量进行回收并在低频范围得到更好的频带延伸，有效避免了传统振动发电装置工作频带窄的问题和传统压电悬臂梁能量采集结构低频延伸不够的问题，提高了装置对复杂振动环境的适用性，采集的环境能量可以为无线传感器等电子器件供能，使器件免于更换电池。Beneficial effects: the cantilever double resonance low frequency extension vibration power generation device provided by the present invention can recover vibration energy in both high and low frequency bands and obtain better vibration energy in the low frequency range by integrating friction power generation and piezoelectric power generation technology. The frequency band extension effectively avoids the problem of the narrow operating frequency band of the traditional vibration power generation device and the problem of insufficient low frequency extension of the traditional piezoelectric cantilever energy collection structure, which improves the applicability of the device to complex vibration environments, and the collected environmental energy can be wireless sensors, etc. The electronics are powered, saving the device from having to replace the battery.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为双谐振式低频延伸振动发电装置的结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-resonance low-frequency extended vibration power generation device;
图2为本发明的工作频带示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a working frequency band of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种双谐振式低频延伸振动发电装置，包括压电振子结构、摩擦发电振子结构和支撑单元。所述压电振子结构包括高刚度悬臂梁1、压电材料层2和压电振子质量块3。所述摩擦发电振子结构包括高刚度悬臂梁1、高分子材料层6、低刚度悬臂梁5和压电振子质量块4。所述支撑单元包括基座7。所述高刚度悬臂梁1、低刚度悬臂梁5的一端均固定在基座7上。压电材料层2贴合在高刚度悬臂梁1上表面，高分子材料层6粘贴在低刚度悬臂梁5的上表面。压电振子质量块3固定在压电振子结构自由端的上表面，摩擦发电振子质量块4固定在摩擦发电振子结构低刚度悬臂梁5自由端的下表面，压电振子质量块3和摩擦发电振子质量块4位置相对。所述压电振子结构和摩擦发电振子结构均固定于基座上，基座随环境振动使悬臂振子上下摆动，从而产生电能。经后续充电控制电路整流后，对储能电路进行充电，最终为无线传感器或其他电子器件供电。振动发电装置与控制电路可集成于发电机支架上，整体形成一个模块化结构的电源系统。As shown in FIG. 1 , a dual-resonance low-frequency extension vibration power generation device includes a piezoelectric vibrator structure, a triboelectric vibrator structure and a support unit. The piezoelectric vibrator structure includes a high-
如图2所示，在低频段主要由摩擦发电振子结构进行振动能-电能转换，在高频段主要由压电振子结构进行能量转换，两者集成于同一振动发电装置上拓宽了装置的整体工作频带。同时，在其综合工作频带内，悬臂式双谐振低频延伸振动发电装置产生的电能要高于单独工作的压电振子或摩擦发电振子结构。As shown in Figure 2, the vibration energy-electric energy conversion is mainly performed by the triboelectric vibrator structure in the low frequency band, and the energy conversion is mainly performed by the piezoelectric vibrator structure in the high frequency band. The integration of the two on the same vibration power generation device broadens the overall work of the device frequency band. At the same time, in its comprehensive working frequency band, the electric energy generated by the cantilever dual-resonance low-frequency extensional vibration generator is higher than that of the piezoelectric vibrator or triboelectric vibrator structure working alone.
将双谐振低频延伸振动发电装置与控制电路等集成为微电源系统后，可以将其安装在振动发生较多场景内，如野外无线传感网络器、大型机械、桥梁、铁轨传感节点等，压电振子和摩擦发电振子将振动能量转换为电能，经后续整流、存储后即可对电子器件进行无源供能。After integrating the dual-resonance low-frequency extended vibration power generation device and control circuit into a micro-power system, it can be installed in scenes with more vibrations, such as field wireless sensor network devices, large machinery, bridges, rail sensor nodes, etc. Piezoelectric vibrators and triboelectric vibrators convert vibration energy into electrical energy, which can be passively supplied to electronic devices after subsequent rectification and storage.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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