CN206041775U - A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device - Google Patents

A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device Download PDF

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CN206041775U
CN206041775U CN201621094501.1U CN201621094501U CN206041775U CN 206041775 U CN206041775 U CN 206041775U CN 201621094501 U CN201621094501 U CN 201621094501U CN 206041775 U CN206041775 U CN 206041775U
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vibration
energy
shell
inductance coil
coil
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陈书明
朱彤彤
王连会
姜洋
王登峰
陈静
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Jilin University
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Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of vibration energy recovery unit, specific multi -frequency vibration energy recovery unit who converts vibration energy into the electric energy that says so. This recovery unit includes magnetoelectric conversion subtotal energy collecting part, the magnetoelectric conversion part is including shell, extension spring, quality piece, inductance coils, energy collecting part includes the electrical energy storage circuit, the shell is the hollow casing of a rectangle, and inside evenly is provided with a plurality of cavitys, be provided with an extension spring in every cavity, extension spring sets up in the inside of shell, and wherein one end is fixed on the inboard upper portion of shell, and the other end links to each other with the quality piece, inductance coils sets up the outside at the quality piece, there is the permanent magnet quality piece inside, and quality piece and permanent magnet are in the inside vibration of inductance coils. The utility model relates to a can guarantee high efficiency in several kinds of typical vibration frequency of environment, solve present vibration energy and retrieved a structure multi -frequency vibration energy recovery unit to defects such as single frequency sensitivities.

Description

一种多频率振动能量回收装置A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device

技术领域technical field

本实用新型属于振动能量回收装置技术领域,具体的说是一种将振动能量转换为电能的多频率振动能量回收装置。The utility model belongs to the technical field of vibration energy recovery devices, in particular to a multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device which converts vibration energy into electric energy.

背景技术Background technique

随着现代工业的迅猛发展,环境污染和能源短缺是当今世界各国面临的两大难题,为了解决能源危机对经济发展和人们生活的影响,各国科技工作者开始探索新的绿色能源。能量回收是指获取外界能量并将其转换为可利用电能的过程。With the rapid development of modern industry, environmental pollution and energy shortage are two major problems facing countries all over the world. In order to solve the impact of energy crisis on economic development and people's life, scientific and technological workers from various countries began to explore new green energy. Energy recovery refers to the process of obtaining external energy and converting it into usable electrical energy.

在过去几年中,便携式设备、无线传感器及微机电系统MEMS快速发展,这些设备或传感器系统是便携式的或分布式的,因此需要自带电源。大部分情况下,这些电源就是常规的电池,但是电池电能和使用寿命都是有限的。对这些设备来说,更换电池会产生很多不方便;另外,电池含有重金属,废旧电池处理不当会造成严重的环境污染。这就迫切需要这些系统自身能产生电能供自己使用。虽然环境中采集的能量通常比较小,但是随着电子技术的高速发展,电子产品的集成化在不断的提高同时功耗在不断的降低,因此环境中回收的能量对于微功耗系统而言已经足够。In the past few years, portable devices, wireless sensors and MEMS have developed rapidly. These devices or sensor systems are portable or distributed, so they need their own power supply. In most cases, these power sources are conventional batteries, but the battery power and life are limited. For these devices, battery replacement will cause a lot of inconvenience; in addition, batteries contain heavy metals, and improper disposal of waste batteries will cause serious environmental pollution. There is an urgent need for these systems to generate electrical energy for their own use. Although the energy collected in the environment is usually relatively small, with the rapid development of electronic technology, the integration of electronic products is constantly improving while the power consumption is constantly decreasing. enough.

获取外界能量主要有以下几种能量采集来源:太阳能,振动能,噪声,温度梯度。其中振动作为人们日常生活中的常见现象,由于其具有较高的能量密度1年使用期的功能密度为100-200μW/cm3,因此从周围环境的振动中回收能量无疑是一种最方便、最具有潜力的方式。There are mainly the following energy harvesting sources to obtain external energy: solar energy, vibration energy, noise, and temperature gradient. Among them, vibration is a common phenomenon in people's daily life. Because it has a high energy density and a functional density of 100-200 μW/cm3 for a one-year service life, it is undoubtedly the most convenient and most efficient way to recover energy from the vibration of the surrounding environment. way with potential.

目前振动能量回收技术研究主要有三种方式:静电式electrostatic、电磁式electromagnetic和压电式piezoelectric,其中电磁式能量回收装置工作时遵循的基本原理是法拉第电磁感应定律:当穿过闭合回路一般为线圈所围面积的磁通量发生变化时,回路中就会产生感应电动势。由此将环境振动的机械能转变为电能。根据振动部件的不同,可以把电磁式振动能量回收装置分为动铁磁铁振动、动圈线圈振动、和铁圈同振磁铁线圈共同振动三种类型。At present, there are three main methods of research on vibration energy recovery technology: electrostatic electrostatic, electromagnetic electromagnetic and piezoelectric piezoelectric. The basic principle of the electromagnetic energy recovery device is Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction: when passing through a closed loop When the magnetic flux in the surrounding area changes, an induced electromotive force will be generated in the circuit. This converts the mechanical energy of the ambient vibration into electrical energy. According to the different vibrating parts, the electromagnetic vibration energy recovery device can be divided into three types: moving iron magnet vibration, moving coil coil vibration, and iron ring co-vibration magnet coil vibration.

浙江工业大学研发的电磁式振动发电装置201210499462.3,包括外壳、振子、感应线圈、磁轭和支架,该发明的主要优点是利用了多齿结构使线圈磁通变化频率远高于振子的振动频率,提高了发电效率。The electromagnetic vibration power generation device 201210499462.3 developed by Zhejiang University of Technology includes a casing, a vibrator, an induction coil, a yoke and a bracket. The main advantage of this invention is that the multi-tooth structure makes the frequency of the magnetic flux change of the coil much higher than the vibration frequency of the vibrator. Improved power generation efficiency.

江苏大学研发出一种发电功率可调的电磁式振动能量收集器201410016971.5,包括能量转换装置、导轨、质量块和磁铁。通过旋动可调平台的旋钮调节能量转换装置与被动磁铁间的距离,从而调节驱动磁铁和被动磁铁间作用力的大小,使被动磁铁的振动幅度发生变化,从而达到调节发电功率的目的。该装置的优点是使发电功率可调,解决了大部分振动能量收集器发电功率单一的问题。Jiangsu University has developed an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester with adjustable power generation 201410016971.5, including energy conversion devices, guide rails, mass blocks and magnets. By turning the knob of the adjustable platform to adjust the distance between the energy conversion device and the passive magnet, the force between the driving magnet and the passive magnet can be adjusted, and the vibration amplitude of the passive magnet can be changed, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the power generation. The advantage of the device is that the generating power can be adjusted, which solves the problem of single generating power of most vibration energy harvesters.

河北工业大学研发的一种电磁式振动发电机201310444325.4,核心部件为磁轭,振动轴,轴毂。实验表明该发电机在频率为10Hz,振幅为10mm时,输出电压峰值为6V。An electromagnetic vibration generator 201310444325.4 developed by Hebei University of Technology, the core components are a yoke, a vibration shaft, and a hub. Experiments show that the output voltage peak value of the generator is 6V when the frequency is 10Hz and the amplitude is 10mm.

基于以上分析,现有的振动能量采集装置,其拾振机构只收集固有频率附近的振动,远离固有频率的振动获取能力弱。而环境振动通常是由一系列不同频率的振动信号组成。本实用新型针对现有的振动能量回收结构只对单一频率敏感等缺陷,提供一种能在不同频率下均使系统具有优异效果的能量回收结构,本案由此产生。Based on the above analysis, the vibration pickup mechanism of the existing vibration energy harvesting device only collects the vibration near the natural frequency, and the ability to acquire vibration far away from the natural frequency is weak. Environmental vibration is usually composed of a series of vibration signals with different frequencies. The utility model aims at the defect that the existing vibration energy recovery structure is only sensitive to a single frequency, etc., and provides an energy recovery structure that can make the system have excellent effects under different frequencies, and this case arises from it.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本实用新型提供了一种多频率振动能量回收装置,此种装置能保证在环境的几种典型振动频率中高效率的收集振动能量,解决了现有振动能量回收结构只对单一频率敏感等缺陷。The utility model provides a multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device, which can ensure high-efficiency collection of vibration energy in several typical vibration frequencies of the environment, and solves the defects that the existing vibration energy recovery structure is only sensitive to a single frequency.

本实用新型技术方案结合附图说明如下:一种多频率振动能量回收装置,该回收装置包括磁电转换部分和能量收集部分;其中所述的磁电转换部分包括外壳1、拉伸弹簧2、质量块3、电感线圈4;所述的能量收集部分包括电能存储电路5;所述的外壳1为一矩形中空的壳体,内部均匀设置有多个空腔;其中每个空腔内设置有一个拉伸弹簧2;所述的拉伸弹簧2设置于外壳1的内部,其中一端固定在外壳1内侧的上部,另一端与质量块3相连;所述的电感线圈4设置在外壳1的空腔内,质量块3的外面;所述的质量块3内部有永磁体6,质量块3和永磁体6在电感线圈4内部振动。The technical solution of the utility model is described as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: a multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device, the recovery device includes a magnetoelectric conversion part and an energy collection part; wherein the magnetoelectric conversion part includes a shell 1, a tension spring 2, Mass block 3, inductance coil 4; the energy collection part includes an electric energy storage circuit 5; the shell 1 is a rectangular hollow shell with a plurality of cavities evenly arranged inside; wherein each cavity is provided with A tension spring 2; the tension spring 2 is arranged inside the casing 1, one end of which is fixed on the upper part of the inside of the casing 1, and the other end is connected to the mass block 3; the inductance coil 4 is arranged in the hollow of the casing 1 In the cavity, outside the mass block 3; there is a permanent magnet 6 inside the mass block 3, and the mass block 3 and the permanent magnet 6 vibrate inside the inductance coil 4.

所述的电感线圈4包括电感线圈骨架9、电感线圈磁芯7和漆包线8;其中所述的电感线圈骨架9固定在空腔的内部,中间有通孔;所述的电感线圈磁芯7设置在电感线圈骨架9的内部并且与通孔过盈配合;所述的漆包线8绕在电感线圈骨架9上。The inductance coil 4 includes an inductance coil bobbin 9, an inductance coil magnetic core 7 and an enameled wire 8; wherein the inductance coil bobbin 9 is fixed inside the cavity with a through hole in the middle; the inductance coil magnetic core 7 is set It is inside the inductor coil frame 9 and is in interference fit with the through hole; the enameled wire 8 is wound on the inductor coil frame 9 .

本实用新型的有益效果为:The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1.本实用新型所述的一种多频率振动能量回收装置采用改变系统拉伸弹簧参数、改变质量块质量的方式去控制系统固有频率,从而使装置在环境的不同典型振动频率下达到共振,以此来解决已有装置工作频率单一的问题;1. A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device described in the utility model adopts the method of changing the tension spring parameters of the system and changing the quality of the mass block to control the natural frequency of the system, so that the device can achieve resonance under different typical vibration frequencies of the environment, In order to solve the problem of single operating frequency of existing devices;

2.本实用新型所述的一种多频率振动能量回收装置可以简化为单自由度的弹簧-质量块-阻尼振动模型,装置结构简单,且分析方法简便,使用时不易出现复杂故障;2. A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device described in the utility model can be simplified into a single-degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damping vibration model, the device has a simple structure, and the analysis method is simple, and complex failures are not easy to occur during use;

3.本实用新型所述的一种多频率振动能量回收装置主要包括磁电转换和电能收集两部分,将磁电转换部分收集的振动能量储存到蓄电池中,以此解决发电量较小时传统振动能量收集装置不能使微机电系统工作的问题。3. A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device described in this utility model mainly includes two parts: magnetoelectric conversion and electric energy collection, and the vibration energy collected by the magnetoelectric conversion part is stored in the battery, so as to solve the problem of traditional vibration when the power generation is small. The problem with energy harvesting devices not making MEMS work.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本实用新型整体结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

图2为图1的主视图;Fig. 2 is the front view of Fig. 1;

图3为本实用新型的原理图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the utility model;

图4为本实用新型中的质量块的剖视图;Fig. 4 is the sectional view of mass block in the utility model;

图5为本实用新型中的电感线圈结构示意图;Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the inductance coil in the utility model;

图6为本实用新型中的储能电路原理图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage circuit in the utility model.

图中:1、外壳;2、拉伸弹簧;3、质量块;4、电感线圈;5、电能存储电路;6、永磁体;7、电感线圈磁芯;8、漆包线;9、电感线圈骨架。In the figure: 1. Shell; 2. Tension spring; 3. Mass; 4. Inductance coil; 5. Electric energy storage circuit; 6. Permanent magnet; 7. Inductance coil core; 8. Enameled wire; 9. Inductance coil skeleton .

具体实施方式detailed description

参阅图1—图2,一种多频率振动能量回收装置,该回收装置包括磁电转换部分和能量收集部分;其中所述的磁电转换部分包括外壳1、拉伸弹簧2、质量块3、电感线圈4;所述的能量收集部分包括电能存储电路5;所述的外壳1内部均匀设置有多个空腔;其中每个空腔内设置有一个拉伸弹簧2;所述的拉伸弹簧2设置于外壳1的内部,其中一端固定在外壳1内侧的上部,另一端与质量块3相连;所述的电感线圈4设置在质量块3的外面;所述的质量块3内部有永磁体6,质量块3和永磁体6在电感线圈4内部振动。Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 2, a multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device, the recovery device includes a magnetoelectric conversion part and an energy collection part; wherein the magnetoelectric conversion part includes a shell 1, an extension spring 2, a mass block 3, The inductance coil 4; the energy collection part includes an electric energy storage circuit 5; a plurality of cavities are uniformly arranged inside the housing 1; a tension spring 2 is arranged in each cavity; the tension spring 2 is arranged inside the shell 1, one end of which is fixed on the upper part inside the shell 1, and the other end is connected to the mass block 3; the inductance coil 4 is set outside the mass block 3; there is a permanent magnet inside the mass block 3 6. The mass block 3 and the permanent magnet 6 vibrate inside the induction coil 4 .

所述的电感线圈4包括电感线圈骨架9、电感线圈磁芯7和漆包线8;其中所述的电感线圈骨架9固定在空腔的内部,中间有通孔;所述的电感线圈磁芯7设置在电感线圈骨架9的内部并且与通孔过盈配合;所述的漆包线8绕在电感线圈骨架9上。The inductance coil 4 includes an inductance coil bobbin 9, an inductance coil magnetic core 7 and an enameled wire 8; wherein the inductance coil bobbin 9 is fixed inside the cavity with a through hole in the middle; the inductance coil magnetic core 7 is set It is inside the inductor coil frame 9 and is in interference fit with the through hole; the enameled wire 8 is wound on the inductor coil frame 9 .

所述的外壳1为中空的立体结构,外壳1的尺寸要根据电感线圈4中电感线圈骨架9、电感线圈磁芯7和漆包线8的匝数确定,在本实施例中,最终设计整体尺寸为248mm×60mm×60mm。所述的质量块3位于外壳1的每个空腔中,并通过拉伸弹簧2与外壳1相连。拉伸弹簧2及质量块3的数目与外壳空腔的数目相等。外壳空腔数目要根据本装置放置环境的典型振动频率数目确定,在本实例中,设计为具有四个空腔的中空立体结构。Described housing 1 is a hollow three-dimensional structure, and the size of housing 1 will be determined according to the number of turns of inductance coil bobbin 9, inductance coil magnetic core 7 and enameled wire 8 in inductance coil 4, and in the present embodiment, the final design overall size is 248mm×60mm×60mm. The mass block 3 is located in each cavity of the casing 1 and is connected with the casing 1 through a tension spring 2 . The number of tension springs 2 and masses 3 is equal to the number of shell cavities. The number of cavities in the casing should be determined according to the number of typical vibration frequencies of the environment in which the device is placed. In this example, it is designed as a hollow three-dimensional structure with four cavities.

本实用新型所述的一种多频率振动能量回收装置可以简化为单自由度的弹簧-质量块-阻尼系统振动模型,即由外界基础运动引起的强迫振动,通过电磁感应将质量块3的动能转变成电能。当质量块3在外界激励下振动时,相当于置于质量块3内部的永磁体6随着环境的振动以一定的频率发生往复运动,即与电感线圈4发生相对运动。根据法拉第电磁感应定律:当穿过闭合回路(一般为线圈)所围面积的磁通量发生变化时,回路中就会产生感应电动势。感应电动势可以表示为:A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device described in the utility model can be simplified into a single-degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damping system vibration model, that is, the forced vibration caused by the external basic movement, the kinetic energy of the mass block 3 is transferred by electromagnetic induction converted into electricity. When the mass block 3 vibrates under external excitation, it is equivalent to that the permanent magnet 6 placed inside the mass block 3 reciprocates at a certain frequency with the vibration of the environment, that is, it moves relative to the inductance coil 4 . According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction: when the magnetic flux passing through the area enclosed by a closed loop (usually a coil) changes, an induced electromotive force will be generated in the loop. The induced electromotive force can be expressed as:

其中Ue代表感应电动势,单位为V;Ne表示组成闭合回路的线圈匝数;是穿过每匝线圈的磁通量,单位为Wb;B是磁感应强度,单位为T;是线圈的面积矢量;t是时间,单位为s。Among them, U e represents the induced electromotive force, and the unit is V; Ne represents the number of coil turns forming a closed loop; is the magnetic flux passing through each turn of the coil, the unit is Wb; B is the magnetic induction intensity, the unit is T; Is the area vector of the coil; t is the time, the unit is s.

参阅图3,磁铁在外部振动时的响应可以由弹簧-质量块-阻尼系统来表示,永磁体6置于质量块3内,设质量块为m,B为磁感应强度,k为弹簧的刚度系数,L为线圈电感,线圈内阻为Rc,线圈长度为l,负载电阻为RL。壳体1随外界环境的振动位移y(t)和振动频率的大小将会引起质量块3的振动位移x(t),从而影响系统的输出电压和功率。设弹簧-质量块-阻尼系统的振动位移为f(t)。由牛顿定律可知系统在任意激励下的受迫振动微分方程为:Referring to Fig. 3, the response of the magnet when it vibrates externally can be represented by a spring-mass block-damping system. The permanent magnet 6 is placed in the mass block 3. Let the mass block be m, B is the magnetic induction intensity, and k is the stiffness coefficient of the spring , L is the inductance of the coil, the internal resistance of the coil is Rc, the length of the coil is l, and the load resistance is R L . The vibration displacement y(t) and the vibration frequency of the housing 1 with the external environment will cause the vibration displacement x(t) of the mass block 3, thereby affecting the output voltage and power of the system. Let the vibration displacement of the spring-mass-damping system be f(t). According to Newton's law, the forced vibration differential equation of the system under any excitation is:

式中,x(t)=A cos(ωt+θ)为质量块3(即永磁体6)的振动位移函数,c为系统的阻尼系数。In the formula, x(t)=A cos(ωt+θ) is the vibration displacement function of the mass block 3 (ie, the permanent magnet 6), and c is the damping coefficient of the system.

在初始条件为零时,对其进行拉普拉斯变换,得到其传递函数为:When the initial condition is zero, it is transformed by Laplace, and its transfer function is obtained as:

根据电压原理可得:According to the principle of voltage:

式中I(t)为感应电流随时间的变化函数。In the formula, I(t) is the change function of the induced current with time.

由(5)可得到振动装置的感应电压为:From (5), the induced voltage of the vibration device can be obtained as:

因此,从永磁体5的相对运动到输出电压的传递函数可以表示为:Therefore, the transfer function from the relative motion of the permanent magnet 5 to the output voltage can be expressed as:

电磁线圈4中的感应电流产生的反馈为:The feedback generated by the induced current in the electromagnetic coil 4 is:

结合(3)、(4)、(6)、(7)式,可得出系统的传递函数为:Combining (3), (4), (6), and (7), the transfer function of the system can be obtained as:

经过拉氏变换后,可以得到振荡环节的传递函数为:After Laplace transform, the transfer function of the oscillation link can be obtained as:

式中,当0≤ζ≤1时为振荡环节。In the formula, When 0≤ζ≤1, it is an oscillation link.

阻尼系数ζ可以分解为机械阻尼系数ζm和电气阻尼系数ζs,其中:The damping coefficient ζ can be decomposed into mechanical damping coefficient ζ m and electrical damping coefficient ζ s , where:

因此,系统总的传递函数变为:Therefore, the overall transfer function of the system becomes:

即输出电压可以看作为是一个正弦输入信号的函数。因为输出功率为:That is, the output voltage can be seen as a function of a sinusoidal input signal. Because the output power is:

得到平均功率为:The average power is obtained as:

可得出,在共振频率处,ω=ωn,输出的平均功率和输出电压值达到最大:It can be concluded that at the resonant frequency, ω=ω n , the output average power and output voltage value reach the maximum:

系统的运动方程可以用这个数学模型来描述,对所给的外部振动模态进行分析,即可最优设计系统的最大输出功率。The motion equation of the system can be described by this mathematical model, and the maximum output power of the system can be optimally designed by analyzing the given external vibration mode.

由以上分析可知,本装置的设计应保证装置的固有频率接近环境的典型振动频率,使装置与环境达到共振,使能量回收效率最高。在本实用新型所述的能量回收装置中,则需要保证每个弹簧-质量块单元的固有频率接近环境的一种典型振动频率,以此保证在外界环境的每种典型振动情况下,都有至少一个单元与环境发生共振。环境的典型频率可以简单由实验测得。弹簧的固有频率可由以下公式计算:From the above analysis, it can be seen that the design of the device should ensure that the natural frequency of the device is close to the typical vibration frequency of the environment, so that the device and the environment can achieve resonance and maximize energy recovery efficiency. In the energy recovery device described in the utility model, it is necessary to ensure that the natural frequency of each spring-mass block unit is close to a typical vibration frequency of the environment, so as to ensure that in each typical vibration situation of the external environment, there is At least one unit resonates with the environment. The typical frequency of the environment can be simply measured by experiment. The natural frequency of the spring can be calculated by the following formula:

其中,f为弹簧的固有频率,单位为Hz;k为弹簧的刚度系数,单位为N/m;m为系统质量,单位为kg。Among them, f is the natural frequency of the spring, the unit is Hz; k is the stiffness coefficient of the spring, the unit is N/m; m is the system mass, the unit is kg.

而拉伸弹簧的刚度系数k则可由以下公式得出:The stiffness coefficient k of the tension spring can be obtained by the following formula:

其中,G为线材的刚性模数,常见的线材有碳钢丝G=79300,不锈钢丝G=697300,磷青铜线G=4500,黄铜线G=350;d为线径,Dm为弹簧中径,NC为弹簧有效圈数。Among them, G is the rigid modulus of the wire. Common wires include carbon steel wire G=79300, stainless steel wire G= 697300 , phosphor bronze wire G=4500, brass wire G=350; Diameter, N C is the number of effective coils of the spring.

由以上两式即可根据外界环境的振动频率,选择合适的弹簧或合理设计符合装置放置环境要求的弹簧。Based on the above two formulas, the appropriate spring can be selected according to the vibration frequency of the external environment or the spring can be reasonably designed to meet the environmental requirements of the device.

参阅图3,质量块3为软磁材料制成的立方体结构,其内部放置圆柱体或长方体形状的永磁体6。软磁材料是指磁化发生在矫顽力不大于1000A/m的磁化材料,其主要性能参数包括磁导率、饱和磁感应强度和矫顽力。磁导率决定了材料传递磁力线的能力,是比较重要的参数之一。本装置中质量块3除了受外界激励产生振动,还起着传导磁力线的作用,因此选用低矫顽力、高磁导率特点的材料,而软磁材料则具备以上两个特点,如纯铁(密度为7.86g/cm3)。Referring to FIG. 3 , the mass block 3 is a cubic structure made of soft magnetic material, and a permanent magnet 6 in the shape of a cylinder or a cuboid is placed inside it. Soft magnetic materials refer to magnetized materials whose magnetization occurs when the coercive force is not greater than 1000A/m, and its main performance parameters include magnetic permeability, saturation magnetic induction and coercive force. Magnetic permeability determines the ability of a material to transmit magnetic lines of force and is one of the more important parameters. In this device, the mass block 3 not only vibrates due to external excitation, but also plays the role of conducting magnetic force lines. Therefore, materials with low coercive force and high magnetic permeability are selected, while soft magnetic materials have the above two characteristics, such as pure iron (The density is 7.86g/cm3).

本实用新型装置中的磁场由永磁体6产生,永磁体特性的主要参数有磁能积、矫顽力、剩余磁感应强度三项。其中,磁能积代表了永磁体在气隙空间所建立的磁能量密度,即气隙单位体积的静磁能量。磁能积越大,则储存在单位体积内的磁能也越大,材料性能越好;矫顽力是指使磁化至技术饱和的永磁体磁感应强度降低到零所需要加的反向磁场强度,矫顽力越大,永磁性就越好;剩余磁感应强度是指永磁体经磁化至技术饱和并去掉外磁场后,所保留的磁感应强度。参数数值越大表明永磁材料的性能越好。永磁体包括磁钢、铁氧体和稀土永磁体。其中,磁钢的优点是不受温度影响,可用于高温环境,同时它的耐腐蚀性比较好,因此具有较长的使用寿命,其最大磁能积仅次于稀土永磁体。而铁氧体的性能相比其他两种永磁体而言是比较差的,但是由于其成本低廉,也被广泛应用。相比其他两种永磁材料,稀土永磁材料是具有高磁能积、高矫顽力、高剩余磁感应强度磁性材料,其中的钕铁硼系列永磁体最大磁能积可达398KJ/m3,剩余磁感应强度可达1.47T,是目前磁性最高的永磁材料。在相同体积下,稀土永磁体的磁场强度最大,因此常常成为振动能量装置的首选,同时由于它的矫顽力比较高,不会因为装置的振动而退磁,因此,本装置选用稀土永磁体作为永磁体6的材料,确定以NdFe35作为永磁材料,材料密度为7.5g/cm3。本装置中设计质量块尺寸为边长10mm的立方体,永磁体材料为半径4mm、长10mm的圆柱体,如图3所示置于质量块内部。The magnetic field in the device of the utility model is produced by the permanent magnet 6, and the main parameters of the permanent magnet characteristics include three items of magnetic energy product, coercive force and residual magnetic induction. Among them, the magnetic energy product represents the magnetic energy density established by the permanent magnet in the air gap space, that is, the static magnetic energy per unit volume of the air gap. The larger the magnetic energy product, the greater the magnetic energy stored in the unit volume, and the better the material performance; the coercive force refers to the reverse magnetic field strength required to reduce the magnetic induction intensity of the permanent magnet magnetized to technical saturation to zero, and the coercive force The greater the force, the better the permanent magnetism; the residual magnetic induction refers to the magnetic induction retained after the permanent magnet is magnetized to technical saturation and the external magnetic field is removed. The larger the value of the parameter, the better the performance of the permanent magnet material. Permanent magnets include magnets, ferrites and rare earth permanent magnets. Among them, the advantage of magnetic steel is that it is not affected by temperature and can be used in high temperature environments. At the same time, its corrosion resistance is relatively good, so it has a long service life, and its maximum magnetic energy product is second only to rare earth permanent magnets. The performance of ferrite is relatively poor compared with the other two permanent magnets, but it is also widely used because of its low cost. Compared with the other two permanent magnet materials, rare earth permanent magnet materials are magnetic materials with high magnetic energy product, high coercive force and high residual magnetic induction intensity. Among them, the maximum magnetic energy product of NdFeB series permanent magnets can reach 398KJ/m3, and the residual magnetic induction The strength can reach 1.47T, which is the most magnetic permanent magnet material at present. Under the same volume, the rare earth permanent magnet has the highest magnetic field strength, so it is often the first choice for vibration energy devices. At the same time, because of its relatively high coercive force, it will not demagnetize due to the vibration of the device. Therefore, this device uses rare earth permanent magnets as The material of the permanent magnet 6 is determined to be NdFe35 as the permanent magnet material, and the material density is 7.5g/cm3. In this device, the size of the mass block is designed to be a cube with a side length of 10 mm, and the permanent magnet material is a cylinder with a radius of 4 mm and a length of 10 mm, which is placed inside the mass block as shown in Figure 3 .

参阅图3,质量块3及其内部的永磁体6在电感线圈4内部振动,因此电感线圈4选用空心线圈结构。Referring to FIG. 3 , the mass 3 and the permanent magnet 6 inside vibrate inside the inductance coil 4 , so the inductance coil 4 adopts an air-core coil structure.

参阅图5电感线圈结构,磁芯7和骨架9均选用空心结构,磁芯7的外径应与骨架9空心处直径相符,以便将磁芯7置于骨架9内。漆包线8作为绕组绕在骨架9上。Referring to the inductance coil structure in Fig. 5, both the magnetic core 7 and the skeleton 9 are hollow structures, and the outer diameter of the magnetic core 7 should match the diameter of the hollow part of the skeleton 9, so that the magnetic core 7 is placed in the skeleton 9. The enameled wire 8 is wound on the skeleton 9 as a winding.

首先根据工作频率,选用线圈的导线:工作于低频段的电感线圈,一般采用漆包线等带绝缘的导线绕制。工作频率高于几万赫兹而低于2MHz的电路中,采用多股绝缘的导线绕制线圈,这样可有效地增加导体的表面积,从而可以克服集肤效应的影响。在频率高于2MHz的电路中,电感线圈应采用单根粗导线绕制,导线的直径一般为0.3mm-1.5mm。因此本实用新型装置选用漆包线作为线圈导线材料。在各种导体中,铜的导电性仅次于银,软铜电阻率在各种铜材中最低,在20℃时的直流电阻率为0.017241Ω·mm2/m,其介电常数ε=ε0=8.85×10-12F/m,电导率γ=5.80×107S/m,漆包线的线径越大,长度越短,其直流电阻越小。First of all, according to the working frequency, the wire of the coil is selected: the inductance coil working in the low frequency band is generally wound with insulated wire such as enameled wire. In circuits whose operating frequency is higher than tens of thousands of hertz but lower than 2MHz, multiple insulated wires are used to wind the coil, which can effectively increase the surface area of the conductor, thereby overcoming the influence of the skin effect. In a circuit with a frequency higher than 2MHz, the inductance coil should be wound with a single thick wire, and the diameter of the wire is generally 0.3mm-1.5mm. Therefore the utility model selects enameled wire for use as the coil wire material. Among various conductors, the conductivity of copper is second only to silver, and the resistivity of soft copper is the lowest among various copper materials. The DC resistivity at 20°C is 0.017241Ω·mm2/m, and its dielectric constant ε=ε 0 =8.85×10 -12 F/m, conductivity γ=5.80×10 7 S/m, the larger the wire diameter and the shorter the length of the enameled wire, the smaller the DC resistance.

选用优质的骨架,可以减小介质损耗,如选用高频瓷材料作为骨架。在线圈的内部放入磁芯,可以减少线圈的圈数,即减小其电阻值,还可以提高它的电感量,而且缩小了线圈的体积。磁芯材料可选用高导磁环形磁芯MnZn,其初始磁导率越高,工作频率就越高。结构中胶带的作用则是作为每层绕组之间的绝缘,并固定磁芯和导线。骨架尺寸则应保证拉伸弹簧2可带动质量块3在磁芯内的运动不受阻碍。如本装置中确定质量块3的尺寸后,即可选用两边墙板圆直径50mm,空心直径20mm,高度25mm的骨架。由此尺寸则可进一步确定出外壳1尺寸。外壳1的空腔中放置电感线圈4,即空腔宽度部分应稍大于线圈骨架墙板圆直径50mm,空腔长度部分应大于线圈骨架高度且留出可调整电感线圈4位置的空隙,如每个空腔宽度为52mm,长度为50mm,外壳厚度为5mm,则外壳1的整体尺寸为248mm×60mm×60mm。Selecting a high-quality skeleton can reduce the dielectric loss, such as choosing a high-frequency porcelain material as the skeleton. Putting a magnetic core inside the coil can reduce the number of turns of the coil, that is, reduce its resistance value, increase its inductance, and reduce the volume of the coil. The magnetic core material can be a high-permeability annular magnetic core MnZn, the higher the initial permeability, the higher the operating frequency. The role of the tape in the structure is to act as insulation between each layer of windings and to fix the core and wires. The size of the skeleton should ensure that the tension spring 2 can drive the movement of the mass block 3 in the magnetic core without hindrance. After determining the size of the mass block 3 in this device, you can select a skeleton with a circular diameter of 50mm for the wallboards on both sides, a hollow diameter of 20mm, and a height of 25mm. Based on this size, the size of the housing 1 can be further determined. The inductance coil 4 is placed in the cavity of the shell 1, that is, the width of the cavity should be slightly larger than the circle diameter of the wall panel of the coil frame by 50 mm, and the length of the cavity should be greater than the height of the coil frame and a gap for adjusting the position of the inductance coil 4 should be left. The width of each cavity is 52mm, the length is 50mm, and the thickness of the shell is 5mm, so the overall size of the shell 1 is 248mm×60mm×60mm.

电感线圈4需要有两个绕组,初级绕组和次级绕组。初级线圈输出的电能通过后序电路中的电感进行存储,次级线圈输出的电能为电路芯片提供能量。线圈匝数的设计,需要考虑后电路中芯片所需电压的大小。线圈电感量的大小则主要取决于线圈匝数、几何形状,以及线圈结构尺寸,如绕组长度、直径、厚度等。The inductor coil 4 needs to have two windings, a primary winding and a secondary winding. The electric energy output by the primary coil is stored by the inductance in the subsequent circuit, and the electric energy output by the secondary coil provides energy for the circuit chip. The design of the number of coil turns needs to consider the voltage required by the chip in the final circuit. The inductance of the coil mainly depends on the number of coil turns, geometric shape, and coil structure size, such as winding length, diameter, thickness, etc.

由(14)、(15)、(16)三式可知,线圈的内阻直接影响到输出电压和功率的大小,所以在设计时应尽量减小内阻。按照电阻计算公式:From (14), (15) and (16) three formulas, it can be seen that the internal resistance of the coil directly affects the size of the output voltage and power, so the internal resistance should be minimized during design. According to the resistance calculation formula:

R=ρl/S (19)R=ρl/S (19)

其中ρ为材料的电阻系数,单位为Ω·m;lR为电阻长度,单位为m;S为电阻横截面积,单位为m2Where ρ is the resistivity of the material in Ω·m; l R is the length of the resistor in m; S is the cross-sectional area of the resistor in m 2 .

绕组线圈的长度和横截面积为:The length and cross-sectional area of the winding coil are:

则绕组线圈的电阻为:Then the resistance of the winding coil is:

其中,d0为螺旋线圈的外径,单位为m;d1为螺旋线圈的内径,单位为m;W0为线圈横截面积的长度,单位为m;w1为线圈横截面积的厚度,单位为m;μ为占空比。Among them, d 0 is the outer diameter of the helical coil, in m; d 1 is the inner diameter of the helical coil, in m; W 0 is the length of the cross-sectional area of the coil, in m; w 1 is the thickness of the coil cross-sectional area , the unit is m; μ is the duty cycle.

线圈匝数:Coil Turns:

螺旋线圈的电感工程近似计算为:The approximate engineering calculation of the inductance of the spiral coil is:

其中,改变线圈的外径d0及线圈匝数N,可以计算出线圈外径以及线圈匝数与电感量的关系。in, By changing the outer diameter d 0 of the coil and the number of turns N of the coil, the relationship between the outer diameter of the coil and the number of turns of the coil and the inductance can be calculated.

磁电转换部分产生的电能相对较小,不能直接为大部分电路提供驱动能量,因此需要进行电量的存储。收集电磁式振动产生电量的方法主要有通过电容/电感收集产生的振动能量和利用可重复充电的电池两种。本装置中整个结构不借助外部能源供电,只依靠磁电转换部分产生的电量来驱动电路正常工作。The electric energy generated by the magnetoelectric conversion part is relatively small and cannot directly provide driving energy for most circuits, so electric power storage is required. There are two main methods of collecting electricity generated by electromagnetic vibration: collecting vibration energy generated by capacitance/inductance and using rechargeable batteries. The entire structure of the device does not rely on external energy for power supply, and only relies on the electricity generated by the magnetoelectric conversion part to drive the circuit to work normally.

参阅图6,其中储能电路中的开关S用于输入端电源开关,Ls为超导储能线圈,二极管D起续流作用,S2为电感放电控制开关,S3在充电和放电时接通,电感Lf和电容Cf为滤波电感,Rl为系统负载。开关S1有两个作用:充电和储能时用于构成电流通路及放电时用于分流,以实现恒流或恒压控制。在工作时,电路有三种运行状态:充电状态;储能状态;放电状态。充电时,开关S接通电源,S1闭合,S2断开,S3断开。储能时,S断开与电源的联系,S1仍然接通,S2断开,S3闭合。Referring to Fig. 6, the switch S in the energy storage circuit is used for the power switch at the input end, Ls is the superconducting energy storage coil, the diode D plays the role of freewheeling, S2 is the inductor discharge control switch, and S3 is connected during charging and discharging. The inductance Lf and the electric capacity Cf are the filter inductances, Rl is the system load. The switch S1 has two functions: it is used to form a current path when charging and storing energy, and it is used to shunt current when discharging to realize constant current or constant voltage control. When working, the circuit has three operating states: charging state; energy storage state; discharging state. When charging, the switch S is powered on, S1 is closed, S2 is open, and S3 is open. When storing energy, S is disconnected from the power supply, S1 is still connected, S2 is disconnected, and S3 is closed.

上述实例中,本实用新型装置的质量块尺寸、电感线圈骨架尺寸在实际应用中均为可变参数。由以上说明可知本实例中装置整体尺寸仅为248mm×60mm×60mm,满足结构的微型化要求。由于尺寸限制,本装置仅适用于回收环境中10-200Hz的低频振动。它可以应用于各种大型机械机座或者振动元件、汽车发动机、搅拌机、洗衣机以及各种微结构中的低频振动能量回收,为微机电系统或无线传感器提供电能。In the above examples, the size of the mass block and the size of the inductor coil skeleton of the device of the present invention are variable parameters in practical applications. From the above description, it can be seen that the overall size of the device in this example is only 248mm×60mm×60mm, which meets the requirement of miniaturization of the structure. Due to size limitations, this device is only suitable for low frequency vibrations of 10-200Hz in recycling environments. It can be applied to various large mechanical bases or vibration components, automobile engines, mixers, washing machines, and low-frequency vibration energy recovery in various microstructures to provide electrical energy for micro-electromechanical systems or wireless sensors.

Claims (2)

1.一种多频率振动能量回收装置,其特征在于,该回收装置包括磁电转换部分和能量收集部分;其中所述的磁电转换部分包括外壳(1)、拉伸弹簧(2)、质量块(3)、电感线圈(4);所述的能量收集部分包括电能存储电路(5);所述的外壳(1)为一矩形中空的壳体,内部均匀设置有多个空腔;其中每个空腔内设置有一个拉伸弹簧(2);所述的拉伸弹簧(2)设置于外壳(1)的内部,其中一端固定在外壳(1)内侧的上部,另一端与质量块(3)相连;所述的电感线圈(4)设置在外壳(1)的空腔内,质量块(3)的外面;所述的质量块(3)内部有永磁体(6),质量块(3)和永磁体(6)在电感线圈(4)内部振动。1. A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device is characterized in that the recovery device comprises a magnetoelectric conversion part and an energy collection part; wherein said magnetoelectric conversion part comprises a shell (1), an extension spring (2), a mass block (3), inductance coil (4); the energy collection part includes an electric energy storage circuit (5); the shell (1) is a rectangular hollow shell with a plurality of cavities uniformly arranged inside; wherein A tension spring (2) is arranged in each cavity; the tension spring (2) is arranged inside the shell (1), one end of which is fixed on the upper part of the inside of the shell (1), and the other end is connected to the mass block (3) connected; the inductance coil (4) is arranged in the cavity of the casing (1), outside the mass block (3); the permanent magnet (6) is arranged inside the mass block (3), and the mass block (3) and the permanent magnet (6) vibrate inside the inductance coil (4). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多频率振动能量回收装置,其特征在于,所述的电感线圈(4)包括电感线圈骨架(9)、电感线圈磁芯(7)和漆包线(8);其中所述的电感线圈骨架(9)固定在空腔的内部,中间有通孔;所述的电感线圈磁芯(7)设置在电感线圈骨架(9)的内部并且与通孔过盈配合;所述的漆包线(8)绕在电感线圈骨架(9)上。2. A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, said inductance coil (4) comprises an inductance coil bobbin (9), an inductance coil magnetic core (7) and an enameled wire (8) ; wherein said inductance coil bobbin (9) is fixed inside the cavity, with a through hole in the middle; said inductance coil magnetic core (7) is arranged inside the inductance coil bobbin (9) and is interference fit with the through hole ; The enameled wire (8) is wound on the inductor bobbin (9).
CN201621094501.1U 2016-09-30 2016-09-30 A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device Expired - Fee Related CN206041775U (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106329873A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-11 吉林大学 A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device
CN107453579A (en) * 2017-07-24 2017-12-08 北京生泰消防装备有限公司 A kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic TRT
CN108039810A (en) * 2017-12-01 2018-05-15 华南理工大学 A kind of washing machine electromagnetic vibration power generation device
CN109412374A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-03-01 中南大学 SPA bridge multifrequency electromagnetic energy acquisition-damper
CN110912370A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-03-24 华南理工大学 An energy conversion device for suppressing hydroelastic vibration of hull girder and its design method
CN111711255A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-09-25 上海英内物联网科技股份有限公司 Method for reducing energy consumption of semi-active RFID equipment
CN112879482A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-06-01 吉林大学 Active vibration reduction platform and control method thereof

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106329873A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-11 吉林大学 A multi-frequency vibration energy recovery device
CN107453579A (en) * 2017-07-24 2017-12-08 北京生泰消防装备有限公司 A kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic TRT
CN108039810A (en) * 2017-12-01 2018-05-15 华南理工大学 A kind of washing machine electromagnetic vibration power generation device
CN109412374A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-03-01 中南大学 SPA bridge multifrequency electromagnetic energy acquisition-damper
CN110912370A (en) * 2019-11-13 2020-03-24 华南理工大学 An energy conversion device for suppressing hydroelastic vibration of hull girder and its design method
CN111711255A (en) * 2020-07-20 2020-09-25 上海英内物联网科技股份有限公司 Method for reducing energy consumption of semi-active RFID equipment
CN112879482A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-06-01 吉林大学 Active vibration reduction platform and control method thereof

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