CN102185523A - Minitype composite vibration power generator - Google Patents
Minitype composite vibration power generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102185523A CN102185523A CN2011101419019A CN201110141901A CN102185523A CN 102185523 A CN102185523 A CN 102185523A CN 2011101419019 A CN2011101419019 A CN 2011101419019A CN 201110141901 A CN201110141901 A CN 201110141901A CN 102185523 A CN102185523 A CN 102185523A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a minitype composite vibration power generator belonging to the field of minitype power technology and energy-saving technology. The minitype composite vibration power generator is a cantilever beam vibration power generator compounded by piezoelectricity and electromagnetism and mainly comprises an insulating shell, a piezoelectric cantilever beam, a permanent magnet and an inductance coil, wherein the piezoelectric cantilever beam consists of a piezoelectric sheet and a supporting substrate; the piezoelectric sheet is bonded on the supporting substrate; one end of the supporting substrate is fixed on the insulating shell; the permanent magnet is bonded with a free end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam; and an inductance coil is arranged right above the permanent magnet. Under the resonant state, the power generator synchronously outputs the piezoelectric current and the electromagnetic current; the output power is improved within the finite volume; furthermore, by adopting the structure of dispersing mass blocks, the energy collecting density is improved, and the working frequency scope is enlarged simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to micro power technology, field of energy-saving technology, particularly a kind of miniature combined vibrating generator.
Background technology
The miniature electronic product of wireless penetration, portability, because of it has utmost point low energy consumption, can be dispersed in the environmental condition harshness in a large number, advantages such as testee inside maybe can be implanted in human inaccessible place, have promoted rapid development of high and new such as medical science implantation, embedded type sensor, radio sensing network.But the condition of work of microelectronic product harshness makes supply power modes such as traditional battery and cable power be difficult to satisfy its specific (special) requirements to power supply.Constraint as various medical science implantation and structure embedded type microsensor requirement system disengaging power line; There is short, shortcoming such as stored energy is limited, relative transducer volume and weight is big of life-span in conventional batteries, not only regularly replace battery and can significantly increase use cost, and for the thousands of wireless sensor nodes that are randomly dispersed in the natural environment, the periodic replacement battery may be realized hardly.In order to satisfy of the specific (special) requirements of the harsh condition of work of microelectronic product to power supply, in recent years, academia and industrial circle extensive concern harvest energy and convert the collection of energy technology of electric energy to from the device surrounding environment.Some researchers use micro solar battery, thermal cell and vibrating electricity generator that micro electronmechanical process technology (MEMS) makes can be infinitely, lasting provide energy for various low power dissipation electron devices, yet, solar cell can only be applied in the environment of light, thermal cell must be present in the environment that temperature gradient is arranged, therefore, the extensive use of solar cell and thermal cell is subjected to the restriction of environmental condition.Because the vibration in the environment is ubiquitous, the energy that vibrating electricity generator is collected conversion not only is not subjected to the restriction of environmental condition, and the collection of discarded energy can also reduce the maintenance cost of machine and increases the service life in the environment.Chinese patent 200310111187.4 proposes a kind of condenser type vibrating electricity generator.This generator is easy to other MEMS devices integrated, and still, capacitor need be polarized under External Electrical Field when starting working, and still is subjected to the restriction of operational environment to a certain extent, has hindered its further development and application.Chinese patent 200910080541.9 and 201010245136.6 has been invented the electromagnetic type vibrating electricity generator, overcome the shortcoming that needs external voltage to promote when the capacitance type electricity generation machine is started working, yet, because its complex structure, and coil separates with magnet, therefore is difficult to microminiaturization.Chinese patent 200520051980.4 adopts helical form double piezoelectric ceramic sheet as generating element, its characteristics are that volume is little, can be microminiaturized, good stability, effectively reduce the natural frequency of structure simultaneously, yet, because the two piezoelectric ceramic areas of pressing of helical form are less, therefore it is few to collect the quantity of electric charge, and generated output is low.Chinese patent 200810023882.8 adopts d31 type piezoelectric cantilever as the collection of energy element, have simple in structure, volume is little, cost is low, output voltage is high, be easy to microminiaturization, can be applicable to the characteristics of various adverse circumstances, with respect to the helical form piezoelectric patches, it is big that the rectangle piezoelectric patches is collected area, therefore improved the collection quantity of electric charge and generated output.Yet when environment frequency and generator natural frequency did not match, the piezoelectric cantilever collection efficiency sharply descended, and its bearing capacity is little, causes switching energy density low.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the switching energy density of piezoelectric cantilever effectively, make it in the less environment of vibration, still can produce bigger power output, the present invention proposes high piezoelectricity of a kind of efficiency of energy collection and the compound cantilever beam vibrating electricity generator of electromagnetism.
Miniature combined vibrating generator, this generator mainly comprises as the lower part: insulation shell, piezoelectric cantilever, permanent magnet, inductance coil, wherein, piezoelectric cantilever is made up of piezoelectric patches and supporting substrate, piezoelectric patches sticks on the supporting substrate, one end of supporting substrate is fixed on the insulation shell, and permanent magnet is pasted on the free end of piezoelectric cantilever, and inductance coil is positioned at directly over the permanent magnet.
The upper and lower surface of piezoelectric cantilever links to each other with the piezo-electric generating output lead respectively, and inductance coil is fixed on the insulation shell, and links to each other with the Electromagnetic generation output lead.
The wherein one side of supporting substrate upper and lower surface is pasted with piezoelectric patches, or upper and lower surface all is pasted with piezoelectric patches.The polarised direction of piezoelectric patches is identical with thickness direction, sticks on the supporting substrate by conducting resinl.The material of supporting substrate can be the metallic conduction material, as stainless steel, phosphor bronze etc.
Can paste the dispersate gauge block on the piezoelectric cantilever.The quantity of dispersate gauge block is generally more than one, sticks on the upper surface or the lower surface of piezoelectric cantilever respectively.
Piezoelectric cantilever is as collection of energy element and pick-up element, and when vibrating under dynamic excitation, piezoelectric patches sends deformation, according to direct piezoelectric effect, and piezo-electric generating output lead output AC.Because permanent magnet moves, and magnetic flux changes in the inductance coil, the Electromagnetic generation output lead produces induced current simultaneously.Piezo-electric generating output lead and Electromagnetic generation output lead are connected with follow-up regulating circuit and memory element respectively.
Piezoelectric cantilever can pass through electromagnetic induction under each rank resonance frequency vibration, make the Electromagnetic generation output lead produce induced current, so compare with the cantilever beam piezoelectric generator of same size, the combined vibrating generator has improved the output energy density.
The principle of optimality of the generating capacity of combined vibrating generator:
Under external force F or displacement δ effect, the differential equation of motion of Euler-Bernoulli Jacob's beam is obeyed in the piezoelectric cantilever vibration of beam, and the electric energy of generation is obeyed piezoelectric equations.Its boundary condition is: mechanical freedom and electrical short.According to the piezoelectricity theory, when the piezoelectric cantilever free end is subjected to external force or displacement effect and when producing flexural deformation, its surface will have free charge to generate.The stress that piezoelectric patches is subjected to and the electric field of its generation are obeyed piezoelectric equations:
In the formula, { D} is electric displacement, and { E} is an electric field strength, and [d] is the piezoelectric constant matrix, and { S} is with { T} is respectively a strain and stress, [ε
T] be the free dielectric constant matrix of stress when constant, [s
E] be the short circuit elastic compliant coefficient matrix of electric field when constant.
According to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, the induced electromotive force that produces in the coil can be expressed as:
In the formula, E represents induced electromotive force, and N represents to form the coil turn of closed-loop path, and Φ is the magnetic flux that passes every circle coil,
Be magnetic flux density,
It is the area vector of coil.When piezoelectric cantilever drove the upper and lower vibration of permanent magnet, magnetic flux changed in the inductance coil, and inductance coil produces induced electromotive force.
Because the miniature combined vibrating generator of piezoelectricity electromagnetism is exported piezoelectricity, electromagnetism two-way alternating current simultaneously, so the generating capacity height, power conversion density is higher than with volume cantilever beam piezoelectric generator.
The principle of optimality of the operating frequency of combined vibrating generator:
The natural frequency of piezoelectric cantilever and the pass of suffered axial load are:
In the formula, f is the piezoelectric cantilever natural frequency, and f ' is for being subjected to the natural frequency of axial load piezoelectric cantilever, and F is an axial load power, and tension stress is for just, and compression stress is for bearing F
bBe piezoelectric cantilever stiff end clamp load,
E is a Young's modulus, and I is a moment of inertia, and L is the piezoelectric cantilever beam length.At the terminal mass that adds of piezoelectric cantilever, be equivalent to for it applies axial compressive force, from formula (3), as can be seen, reduced the natural frequency of piezoelectric cantilever.Yet, if mass is overweight, make the piezoelectric cantilever stiff end stressed excessive, be easy to cause fatigue damage.Therefore, the present invention adopts the dust dispersion quality block structure, reduces each rank natural frequency, has improved the stress state of piezoelectric cantilever support place simultaneously.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention has proposed the compound vibrating electricity generator of piezoelectricity and electromagnetism with innovating, the miniature complex vibration generator of this structural shape, under resonance condition, export piezoelectric current and electromagnetic electric current synchronously, inductance coil lays respectively at different resonance frequency points with the maximum output of piezoelectric patches electric energy, in limited volume, improved power output, simultaneously, adopt the dispersate gauge block can evenly disperse strain, improve the stress state of piezoelectric cantilever support place, to eliminate fatigue stress, prolong the useful life of piezoelectric cantilever significantly, can also reduce each rank natural frequency of piezoelectric cantilever simultaneously, dwindle each natural frequencies degree of closeness, enlarge the vibrating electricity generator operating frequency range, reached the basic goal that improves the vibrating electricity generator generating capacity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is miniature combined vibrating generator Structure figure among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the piezoelectric cantilever of miniature combined vibrating generator among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is miniature combined vibrating generator Structure figure among the embodiment 2;
Fig. 4 is miniature combined vibrating generator Structure figure among the embodiment 3;
Fig. 5 is miniature combined vibrating generator Structure figure among the embodiment 4;
Fig. 6 is miniature combined vibrating generator Structure figure among the embodiment 5;
Fig. 7 be the piezoelectric cantilever of different structure to its natural frequency influence,
Wherein: (a) piezoelectric cantilever, (b) additional end mass piece beam, (c) additional thickness is the dispersate gauge block beam of 4mm, (d) additional thickness is the dispersate gauge block beam of 8mm, (e) additional thickness is the dispersate gauge block beam of 12mm, (f) piezoelectric cantilever, additional end mass piece beam, each rank natural frequency of dispersate gauge block beam compare, and (g) each rank natural frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever of different-thickness dispersate gauge block relatively;
Number in the figure: 1 is insulation shell, and 2-1 is a piezoelectric patches, and 2-2 is a supporting substrate, and 2-3,2-4 are the piezo-electric generating output lead, and 3-1 is a permanent magnet, and 3-2 is an inductance coil, and 3-3,3-4 are the Electromagnetic generation output lead, and 4-1,4-2 are the dispersate gauge block.
Embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
As Fig. 1, shown in 2, miniature combined vibrating generator comprises as the lower part: insulation shell 1, piezoelectric patches 2-1, supporting substrate 2-2, piezo-electric generating output lead 2-3,2-4, permanent magnet 3-1, inductance coil 3-2, Electromagnetic generation output lead 3-3,3-4, dispersate gauge block 4-1,4-2, wherein, piezoelectric cantilever is made up of piezoelectric patches 2-1 and supporting substrate 2-2, the material of supporting substrate 2-2 is a phosphor bronze, and the end of supporting substrate 2-2 is fixed in insulation shell 1, and piezoelectric patches 2-1 adopts the PZT-5H material, polarised direction is identical with thickness direction, stick on supporting substrate 2-2 upper strata by conducting resinl, permanent magnet 3-1 is pasted on the terminal upper strata of piezoelectric patches 2-1, and the solenoid 3-2 directly over the permanent magnet 3-1 is fixed in insulation shell 1.
The upper and lower surface of piezoelectric cantilever links to each other with piezo-electric generating output lead 2-3,2-4 respectively, and inductance coil 3-2 links to each other with Electromagnetic generation output lead 3-3,3-4.Piezo-electric generating output lead 2-3,2-4 and Electromagnetic generation output lead 3-3,3-4 are connected with memory element with follow-up regulating circuit respectively.Be pasted with dispersate gauge block 4-1,4-2 on the piezoelectric cantilever, mass sticks on the piezoelectric cantilever lower surface.
Piezoelectric cantilever is as collection of energy element and pick-up element, and when vibrating under dynamic excitation, piezoelectric patches sends deformation, according to direct piezoelectric effect, and piezo-electric generating output lead output AC.Because permanent magnet moves, and magnetic flux changes in the inductance coil, the Electromagnetic generation output lead produces induced current simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 3, piezoelectric cantilever is made up of two piezoelectric patches and supporting substrate, and piezoelectric patches sticks on the upper and lower surface of supporting substrate respectively.Other condition is identical with embodiment 1.
As shown in Figure 4, two masses are arranged, stick on two surfaces up and down of piezoelectric cantilever respectively.Other condition is identical with embodiment 2.
As shown in Figure 5, n mass pasted on two surfaces up and down of piezoelectric cantilever respectively.Other condition is identical with embodiment 2.
As shown in Figure 6, the lower surface of piezoelectric cantilever end also is pasted with permanent magnet, and have corresponding inductance coil and Electromagnetic generation output lead, inductance coil be positioned at this permanent magnet under.Other condition is identical with embodiment 3.
Embodiment 6
Present embodiment has been studied the piezoelectric cantilever of different structure to its natural frequency influence (as shown in Figure 7).By finite element simulation, (each the rank natural frequency of piezoelectric cantilever of five kinds of different structures of a～e), wherein piezoelectric patches, substrate, mass width are 7mm to calculating chart 7.
Can go out to find out from Fig. 7 (f), piezoelectric cantilever fundamental frequency 439Hz, and two to six rank natural frequencys are too high, along with the increase of mass quantity, the natural frequency of piezoelectric cantilever obviously reduces.From Fig. 7 (g) as can be seen, along with dispersate gauge block thickness increases, each rank natural frequency of piezoelectric cantilever reduces, and wherein first three rank natural frequency of Fig. 7 (e) structure is all below 500Hz, near the actual working environment driving frequency, thereby enlarged operating frequency range.
When extraneous vibration source and microgenerator resonance, generator output maximum power.For example, under Fig. 7 (e) physical dimension, when extraneous vibration source frequency is about 71Hz, 233Hz, 346Hz respectively, piezoelectric cantilever resonates, piezoelectric patches produces relative maximum distortion, the terminal permanent magnet vibration velocity of piezoelectric beam reaches relative maximum, and the combined vibrating generator produces relative maximum amount of charge.
In the terminal fatigue stress of piezoelectric beam was filled perhaps scope, structure and material parameters such as the position by regulating the dispersate gauge block, shape, size were to obtain miniature combined vibrating generator frequency optimum traffic scope.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (9)
1. miniature combined vibrating generator, it is characterized in that: this generator comprises as the lower part: insulation shell (1), piezoelectric cantilever, permanent magnet (3-1), inductance coil (3-2), wherein, piezoelectric cantilever is made up of piezoelectric patches and supporting substrate (2-2), piezoelectric patches sticks on the supporting substrate (2-2), one end of supporting substrate (2-2) is fixed on the insulation shell (1), permanent magnet (3-1) is pasted on the free end of piezoelectricity overarm arm, and inductance coil (3-2) is positioned at directly over the permanent magnet (3-1).
2. generator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper and lower surface of piezoelectric cantilever links to each other with piezo-electric generating output lead (2-3,2-4) respectively, inductance coil (3-2) is fixed on the insulation shell (1), and links to each other with Electromagnetic generation output lead (3-3,3-4).
3. generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the polarised direction of piezoelectric patches is identical with thickness direction.
4. generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: piezoelectric patches sticks on the supporting substrate (2-2) by conducting resinl.
5. generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the wherein one side of supporting substrate (2-2) upper and lower surface is pasted with piezoelectric patches, or upper and lower surface all is pasted with piezoelectric patches.
6. generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the material of supporting substrate (2-2) is the metallic conduction material.
7. generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be pasted with the dispersate gauge block on the piezoelectric cantilever, the quantity of dispersate gauge block is more than one.
8. generator according to claim 7 is characterized in that: the dispersate gauge block sticks on the upper surface or the lower surface of piezoelectric cantilever respectively.
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described generators, it is characterized in that: the quantity of dispersate gauge block is two, and size is identical, and sticks on the piezoelectric cantilever lower surface.
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| CN102420542A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2012-04-18 | 东南大学 | Single-chip cantilever type piezoelectric vibration generator |
| CN102611351A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2012-07-25 | 东南大学 | Piezoelectricity-magnetic electricity mixed energy collection device |
| CN102684550A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Y-type composite vibration generator |
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| CN102684550A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Y-type composite vibration generator |
| CN102684550B (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2015-03-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Y-type composite vibration generator |
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Application publication date: 20110914 |