CN113992061B - Piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device - Google Patents
Piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device, which mainly solves the problem of low energy collecting efficiency in the existing vibration energy collecting device. The scheme comprises the following steps: a main body supporting portion, a rotating portion, a piezoelectric motor portion, and an electromagnetic portion; under the action of external vibration excitation, the upper cover in the main body supporting part periodically moves up and down along with the vibration excitation, excitation energy drives the rotor of the rotating part to periodically rotate, and after the magnet embedded in the rotor rotates, the magnetic field in the environment where the coil of the electromagnetic part is positioned is changed to form current; in the process that the rotor drives the magnet to rotate, the magnet and the magnetic sheet of the piezoelectric motor part produce magnetic mutual coupling action, so that the elastic base plate and the piezoelectric sheet of the piezoelectric motor part deform to form voltage; thereby achieving electromagnetic energy and piezoelectric energy harvesting. The invention expands the frequency bandwidth by utilizing the motion nonlinearity caused by magnetic interaction, and effectively improves the output voltage and the output power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy collection, and relates to an energy collection device, in particular to a piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid ultralow frequency vibration energy collection device which can be used for collecting ultralow frequency vibration energy.
Background
The energy collecting device can obtain energy from the surrounding environment and convert the energy into electric energy, so that the purposes of energy recovery and recycling are achieved. With the rapid development of wireless sensor technology and microelectronics, the need for micro energy sources is becoming more and more urgent. The traditional battery power supply mode brings great inconvenience to the production and life of human beings due to the frequent replacement of the battery and the high maintenance cost. The energy collection device can collect and recycle energy which is not utilized in the environment, so that self-power supply is carried out on low-power-consumption electronic equipment and devices, and a plurality of problems caused by the use of batteries are effectively solved. Therefore, the method is widely focused on students at home and abroad.
Currently, energy sources available from the environment mainly include solar energy, thermal gradient energy, and mechanical vibration energy, which is ubiquitous and readily converted to electrical energy, a promising and highly efficient way of energy harvesting. The types of mechanical vibration energy acquisition mainly comprise piezoelectric type, electrostatic type and electromagnetic type, wherein the piezoelectric type vibration energy collector has the advantages of easy integration, high energy output density, no need of an external power supply, simple structure and the like, and is considered to be the most promising new energy supply mode for replacing the traditional battery. The structure types of the piezoelectric energy collector are cantilever beams, cymbal types, stacking type and the like, and the cantilever beam structure is a main flow structure of the piezoelectric energy collector, so that some research results are achieved. The electromagnetic vibration energy collector has the advantages of simple structure, large short-circuit current and high electromechanical conversion efficiency, and the structure of the electromagnetic vibration energy collector basically follows the stator and rotor structures of the electromagnetic generator.
The traditional piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device comprises a base, an elastic substrate, a piezoelectric sheet, a mass block and two electrodes. One end of the elastic substrate is fixed on the base, and the other end of the elastic substrate is provided with a mass block for forcing the piezoelectric sheet to deform or adjusting the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric energy collecting device. When sensing external vibration, the piezoelectric plate can output charges on the surface of the piezoelectric plate according to positive piezoelectric effect, and the two electrodes welded on the upper surface of the piezoelectric plate and the lower surface of the elastic substrate can output the charges on the surface of the piezoelectric plate to the rear-end electric energy storage or electric equipment, so that mechanical vibration energy in the environment can be effectively converted into electric energy and stored and utilized. For example: the invention discloses a piezoelectric sheet and a vibration energy collector, which are disclosed in the patent with the authority of bulletin number CN107707155B and named as an ultra-wideband high-energy-efficiency piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device, and comprise a bracket and an oscillating body, wherein the oscillating body comprises a low-frequency oscillating body and a high-frequency oscillating body, the bracket consists of a top bracket, a middle bracket and a bottom bracket which are sequentially laminated from top to bottom, and the three brackets all adopt a three-dimensional structure with a cavity penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face; the low-frequency oscillating body comprises a low-frequency reed clamped between the middle bracket and the bottom bracket, a low-frequency mass block fixed on the central bearing section of the low-frequency reed and a low-frequency cantilever beam module stuck on the cantilever beam of the low-frequency reed; the high-frequency oscillating body comprises a high-frequency reed clamped between the top bracket and the middle bracket, a high-frequency mass block fixed on a central bearing section of the high-frequency reed, and a high-frequency cantilever beam module stuck on a double cantilever beam of the high-frequency reed; the low-frequency mass block is connected with the high-frequency reed through at least three compression springs. The collector drives the oscillating body to vibrate by utilizing low-frequency vibration in the environment so as to lead the piezoelectric sheet to generate bending deformation. The piezoelectric energy collection device is simple in structure, easy to realize and capable of achieving the effect of frequency up-conversion, but the piezoelectric sheet structure is easy to damage under severe vibration due to the fact that the excitation frequency is still high and the frequency up-conversion capability is limited. Therefore, the conventional piezoelectric energy collecting device has a large limitation, and particularly cannot realize an efficient energy collecting function for ultra-low frequency vibration.
Conventional electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting devices include permanent magnets and electrically conductive coils, i.e., stators and rotors in rotary electromagnetic generators. The permanent magnet and the conductive coil can mutually bear the functions of a stator and a rotor, and the device generates relative motion between the stator and the rotor under the action of external excitation, so that the magnetic flux in the conductive coil is changed. For example: the patent entitled "composite energy harvesting device" issued to publication number CN111934515B discloses a composite energy harvesting device comprising: the two ends of the support plate are respectively provided with a cantilever support seat and an electromagnetic support seat, and a cantilever module and an electromagnetic module which are respectively connected with the cantilever support seat and the electromagnetic support seat; the cantilever module comprises a cantilever beam, one end of the cantilever beam is fixedly connected with the cantilever support seat, the other end of the cantilever beam is a free end and points to the electromagnetic support seat, and two side surfaces of the free end are respectively connected with a magnet; the electromagnetic module comprises a floating assembly and an electromagnetic assembly, the floating assembly supports the electromagnetic assembly to be suspended in the electromagnetic supporting seat, and the electromagnetic assembly comprises a conductive coil. The invention can realize the energy collection of the whole wide frequency range and improve the energy conversion efficiency and the whole power generation capacity. The invention patent with the bulletin number of CN205249083U and the name of low-frequency vibration electromagnetic energy collector comprises an energy collector shell, a cantilever Liang Changban, a cantilever beam short plate, a collision mass block, a magnetic field generating element and a multi-turn coil; the vibration environment provides vibration excitation to the energy collector housing, the cantilever Liang Changban and the short cantilever plate vibrate simultaneously with the vibration excitation, the collision mass collides with the cantilever Liang Changban at a preset position, so that the cantilever Liang Changban vibrates near its own natural frequency, and the multi-turn coil vibrates with the cantilever Liang Jianduan at the same frequency as the cantilever Liang Changban, cuts the magnetic induction wire and generates an electrical signal. The electromagnetic energy collection modes are that the vibration of the cantilever carries the motion of a rotor, the frequency and the amplitude of the motion are severely limited, and the efficiency is extremely low.
It can be seen that the conventional piezoelectric energy harvesting device and electromagnetic energy harvesting device operate by means of vibration excitation, and the energy harvesting device performs energy harvesting in a separate manner and cannot fully utilize external excitation; meanwhile, the energy collecting devices are all operated under the condition of low-frequency excitation, and have low efficiency and limitation under the condition of ultra-low-frequency excitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid ultralow-frequency (lower than 5 Hz) vibration energy collecting device which is used for solving the technical problem of low energy collecting efficiency caused by single energy collecting mode, insufficient frequency and narrow frequency bandwidth in the conventional vibration energy collecting device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that: a main body supporting portion, a rotating portion, a piezoelectric motor portion, and an electromagnetic portion;
the main body supporting part comprises a base 1, a supporting main body 5, an upper cover fixing nut 6, an upper cover fixing screw 7, an upper cover 8 and a supporting spring 9; wherein, the upper cover 8 is fixed above the supporting main body 5 through the upper cover fixing screw rod 7, the supporting spring 9 and the upper cover fixing screw cap 6; the supporting spring 9 is sleeved outside the upper cover fixing screw rod 7, and the upper cover 8 can move downwards by compressing the supporting spring 9; the lower end of the supporting main body 5 is fixedly connected to the base 1; the base 1, the supporting main body 5 and the upper cover 8 are all made of insulating materials;
the rotating part comprises a rotor 12, a magnet 13 and a string; wherein 2 is preset on the outer side surface of the rotor 12 n The grooves are distributed at equal intervals, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the number of the magnets 13 is consistent with the number of grooves preset by the rotor 12, and the magnets are respectively embedded in the grooves; the string passes through the holes preset on the upper cover 8, the rotor 12 and the base 1, and hangs the rotor 12 inside the main body supporting structure; the rotor 12 and the string are made of insulating materials;
the piezoelectric motor part comprises a piezoelectric structure and an electrode; the piezoelectric motor part is at least provided with 1 piezoelectric structure, the piezoelectric structure is composed of an elastic substrate 2, a piezoelectric sheet 3 and a magnetic sheet 11, the elastic substrate 2 is made of rectangular light conductive plates, one end of the piezoelectric sheet 3 with positive piezoelectric effect materials is stuck on the elastic substrate, the piezoelectric sheet 3 is fixed on the side surface of the base 1 together through screws, and the other end of the piezoelectric sheet is a free end and is stuck with the magnetic sheet 11; the electrode is made of metal conductive materials and is led out from the piezoelectric sheet 3 and used for outputting electric energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet 3;
the electromagnetic part comprises a coil body 14 made of conductive materials and a coil fixing bracket 4 made of insulating materials, wherein the coil body 14 is wound and fixed on the coil fixing bracket 4 and is used for sensing magnetic field changes caused by the rotation of the rotor 12 of the rotating part, and current is formed in the coil body 14; the number of coil bodies 14 is at least 1;
the positions of the magnet 13 of the rotating part, the magnetic sheet 11 of the piezoelectric motor part and the coil body 14 of the coil part are identical in height.
Further, the supporting spring 9 is made of iron material, and has elasticity enough to support the upper cover 8 when the string is not twisted and to be compressed when the string is twisted to pull the upper cover 8.
The magnetic sheet 11 and the magnet 13 are made of neodymium iron boron material.
Further, the base 1 is square or round, and the supporting body 5 is cylindrical; and the side length or diameter of the base 1 is larger than the bottom surface diameter of the support body 5.
Further, the above-mentioned string is divided into two parts of upper segment string 10 and lower segment string 15 by taking the rotor 12 as the midpoint, the two parts string is twisted synchronously; the strings have a preset number of turns for driving the rotor 12 in rotation to convert vibrations into rotational motion.
Further, in the above-mentioned piezoelectric motor portion, the magnetic sheet 11 is used for sensing the driving force of the magnet 13 in the rotating portion, and the elastic substrate 2 is deformed.
Further, the piezoelectric motor part is provided with at least 1 piezoelectric structure, and if one piezoelectric structure is provided, the piezoelectric structure is fixed at any position on the side surface of the base 1; if a plurality of the fixing members are provided, the fixing members are fixed to the outer periphery of the base 1 at equal intervals.
Further, the number of the coil bodies 14 is at least 1, and if one is used, the coil bodies are fixed at any position on the outer periphery of the coil fixing bracket 4; if a plurality of coil holders are provided, the coil holders 4 are fixed at equal intervals to each other.
Further, excitation energy of vibration of the upper cover 8 is converted into rotation energy of the rotor 12 through string torsional acting force, so that primary frequency conversion is realized; the rotor 12 driven by the rotation energy rotates together with the embedded magnet 13, and the piezoelectric structure is driven to deform by the magnetic nonlinear force, so that the second frequency conversion is realized; two energy harvesting is completed.
Further, the two energies include electromagnetic energy and piezoelectric energy; wherein electromagnetic energy is generated by rotor 12 rotating such that magnet 13 cuts the coil; the piezoelectric energy is that the rotor 12 rotates, and the magnet 13 drives the magnetic sheet to deform the cantilever beam of the piezoelectric structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the structure of the rotor is driven by the string, so that ultra-low frequency vibration energy in the vertical direction can be collected; the structure can convert primary vibration in the vertical direction into continuous rotation of the rotor to realize primary frequency up-conversion, and simultaneously, four magnets embedded on the rotor can realize secondary frequency up-conversion when changing the interaction of a magnetic field around a coil and a magnetic sheet, and the secondary frequency is four; compared with the energy collecting device with the response frequency which is only the same as the excitation frequency in the prior art, the energy collecting efficiency is effectively improved.
The second, the invention couples the rotation energy of the rotor to the elastic base plate through the mutual coupling action between two magnetic blocks, so that the elastic sheet drives the piezoelectric sheet to deform, thereby generating output voltage, and meanwhile, the magnetic block coupling can prevent the piezoelectric sheet from breaking due to overlarge deformation; the interaction of the magnetic blocks and the flexibility of the string drive rotor structure lead to complex nonlinearity, thereby widening the frequency bandwidth of the energy collection device and further improving the energy collection efficiency.
Thirdly, as the rotor drives the magnet to rotate to change the magnetic field around the fixed coil, the coil is used for generating and outputting current, and meanwhile, the interaction of the magnetic blocks drives the elastic substrate to drive the piezoelectric sheet to deform; therefore, vibration energy is used for piezoelectric energy collection and electromagnetic energy collection, and energy conversion efficiency is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the external structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the components of the present invention; wherein A represents an upper cover, B represents a base, and C represents a rotor;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the string drive rotor in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Embodiment one:
referring to fig. 1-3, fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure of the present invention, in which the device shown in fig. 1 is laid on a horizontal plane to obtain the view angle of fig. 2, and is split along a front view plane of the view angle shown in fig. 2 to obtain a sectional view of the internal structure of the device shown in fig. 3. The invention provides a piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid ultralow frequency vibration energy collecting device, which comprises a base 1, an elastic substrate 2, a piezoelectric sheet 3, a coil fixing bracket 4, a supporting main body 5, an upper cover fixing nut 6, an upper cover fixing screw 7, an upper cover 8, a supporting spring 9, an upper section of string 10, a magnetic sheet 11, a rotor 12, a magnet 13, a coil 14 and a lower section of string 15; it is summarized into four parts: a main body supporting part, a rotating part, a piezoelectric motor part and an electromagnetic part.
The main body supporting part comprises a base 1, a supporting main body 5, an upper cover fixing nut 6, an upper cover fixing screw 7, an upper cover 8 and a supporting spring 9; wherein, the upper cover 8 is fixed above the supporting main body 5 through the upper cover fixing screw rod 7, the supporting spring 9 and the upper cover fixing screw cap 6; the supporting spring 9 is sleeved outside the upper cover fixing screw rod 7, the upper cover 8 can move downwards by compressing the supporting spring 9, the spring is generally made of iron materials, and elasticity can meet the requirements that the upper cover 8 is supported when the string is not twisted, and the upper cover 8 can be compressed when the string is twisted and pulled; the lower end of the supporting main body 5 is fixedly connected to the base 1; the base 1, the supporting body 5 and the upper cover 8 are all made of insulating materials. The base 1 of the invention can be in any shape, generally adopts square or round shape, and mainly has the function of stably mounting and holding the whole device; the support body 5 is generally cylindrical, and an inner space for mounting the rotating portion; and the side length or diameter of the base 1 is larger than the bottom surface diameter of the support body 5.
The rotating part comprises a rotor 12, a magnet 13 and a string; wherein 2 is preset on the outer side surface of the rotor 12 n The grooves are distributed at equal intervals, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the number of the magnets 13 is consistent with the number of grooves preset by the rotor 12, and the magnets are respectively embedded in the grooves; the base, the upper cover and the rotor are all provided with through holes, and the chord lines pass through holes preset on the upper cover 8, the rotor 12 and the base 1 to suspend the rotor 12 in the main body supporting structure; the rotor 12 and the string are made of insulating materials; the magnet 13 is generally mainly made of neodymium iron boron material and has magnetic properties; the chord line takes the rotor 12 as a midpoint and is divided into an upper chord line 10 and a lower chord line 15, and the two chord lines are twisted synchronously; the strings here are preset for a preset number of twists for driving the rotor 12 in rotation to convert vibrations into rotational motion.
The piezoelectric motor part comprises a piezoelectric structure and an electrode; wherein the piezoelectric motor part is at least provided with 1 piezoelectric structure, and if one piezoelectric structure is arranged, the piezoelectric structure is fixed at any position on the side surface of the base 1; if a plurality of the fixing members are provided, the fixing members are fixed on the periphery of the base 1 at equal intervals; the piezoelectric structure consists of an elastic substrate 2, a piezoelectric sheet 3 and a magnetic sheet 11, wherein the elastic substrate 2 is made of a rectangular light conductive plate, one end of the piezoelectric sheet 3 with a positive piezoelectric effect material is stuck on the elastic substrate, the piezoelectric sheet 3 is fixed on the side surface of the base 1 together through a screw, and the other end of the piezoelectric sheet is a free end and is stuck with the magnetic sheet 11; the electrodes are made of metal conductive materials and are led out from the piezoelectric sheet 3 to output electric energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet 3. The magnetic sheet 11 is generally made of a neodymium iron boron material and has magnetic properties, and is used for sensing the driving force of the magnet 13 in the rotating portion and deforming the elastic substrate 2.
The electromagnetic part comprises a coil body 14 made of conductive materials and a coil fixing bracket 4 made of insulating materials, wherein the coil body 14 is wound and fixed on the coil fixing bracket 4 and is used for sensing magnetic field changes caused by the rotation of the rotor 12 of the rotating part, and current is formed in the coil body 14; the number of the coil bodies 14 is at least 1, and if one coil body is used, the coil bodies are fixed at any position on the periphery of the coil fixing bracket 4; if a plurality of coil holders are provided, the coil holders 4 are fixed at equal intervals to each other.
The positions of the magnet 13 of the rotating part, the magnetic sheet 11 of the piezoelectric motor part and the coil body 14 of the coil part are identical in height.
The excitation energy of the vibration of the upper cover 8 of the device is converted into the rotation energy of the rotor 12 through the string torsional acting force, so that primary frequency conversion is realized; the rotor 12 driven by the rotation energy rotates together with the embedded magnet 13, and the piezoelectric structure is driven to deform by the magnetic nonlinear force, so that the second frequency conversion is realized; two energy harvesting is completed. The two types of energy collected herein include electromagnetic energy and piezoelectric energy; wherein electromagnetic energy is generated by rotor 12 rotating such that magnet 13 cuts the coil; the piezoelectric energy is that the rotor 12 rotates, and the magnet 13 drives the magnetic sheet to deform the cantilever beam of the piezoelectric structure.
Embodiment two:
referring to fig. 1-3, in the energy collecting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the grooves on the outer side surface of the rotor 12 are preset to 4, the piezoelectric structure of the piezoelectric motor portion is set to 2, the number of coil bodies 14 of the electromagnetic portion is set to 4, and the materials of the components are selected, so that a preferred example of the present invention is further given:
in the example, a square base and a square upper cover are selected; the base 1, the coil bracket 4, the main body support 5, the upper cover 8 and the rotor 12 are all made of 3D printing resin materials; the upper cover fixing screw cap 6, the upper cover fixing screw rod 7 and the supporting spring 9 are made of metal materials; the upper section of string 10 and the lower section of string 15 are made of polyester strands; in order to ensure that the elastic substrate has larger elastic modulus and static capacitance, the elastic substrate is made of a conductive material with good elasticity, and in the embodiment, a copper sheet with excellent performance is selected. In order to improve the performance parameters of the traditional piezoelectric material and further improve the efficiency of energy collection and conversion, piezoelectric ceramics are adopted for the piezoelectric sheets. The piezoelectric sheet may be adhered to the upper surface or the lower surface of the elastic substrate or adhered to the upper surface and the lower surface respectively, and in this example, the upper surface of the elastic substrate is adhered to a piezoelectric sheet to form a single crystal piezoelectric vibrator. The electrode adopts metallic tin, and is connected into an external circuit by a copper wire with good conductivity and low resistivity, thereby reducing unnecessary power loss and improving the collection efficiency of the energy collection device. The elastic element adopts a compression type metal spring, and the stiffness coefficient of the elastic element is 5N/cm, the wire diameter is 0.3mm, the outer diameter is 4mm, and the length is 15mm; the upper cover fixing screw 7 adopts a screw with the length of 20mm and the diameter of 3 mm; the rotor 12 is made of 3D printing resin material with the diameter of 15mm and the thickness of 7.2 mm; four magnet blocks are selected, and the sizes of the four magnet blocks are as follows: the magnetic sheets at the free ends of the cantilever beams are all 6mm long, 6mm wide and 3mm thick: 6mm long, 6mm wide and 0.8mm thick; the coil is made by coiling an enamelled wire with the diameter of 0.13mm into 100 turns; the size of the elastic substrate is: 50mm long, 6mm wide and 0.2mm thick; the piezoelectric sheet has the following dimensions: 30mm long, 6mm wide and 0.2mm thick. The overall dimensions of the whole device in this example are: 50mm long, 50mm wide and 68mm high.
In this example, the main body support 5 is fixed to four fixing positions of the base 1 by screw nuts, and the upper cover 8 is restrained and fixed above the main body support 5 by an upper cover fixing nut 6, an upper cover fixing screw 7 and a support spring 9. The piezoelectric sheet 3 is stuck on one side surface of the elastic substrate 2 by using conductive adhesive, and an electrode is led out; and a magnetic sheet 11 is stuck on one side of the free end of the elastic base plate 2, and the combination body is fixed on the two symmetrical side edges of the base 1 through screws and gaskets respectively. The coil fixing support 4 is fixed at the position of the periphery of the main body support 5 and the position of the free end of the piezoelectric substrate by using hot melt adhesive, four enamelled wires are wound on the coil fixing support 4 to form a coil with 100 turns, and electrodes are respectively led out. The magnets 13 are respectively embedded into four grooves on the side face of the rotor 12 and are stuck and fixed; the upper section string 10 sequentially passes through the upper cover 8 and the rotor 12, and is knotted to form a closed loop after the preset twisting number is set; the lower string 15 sequentially passes through the rotor 12 and the base 1, and is knotted to form a closed loop after a preset twisting number is set. The upper section of string 10 and the lower section of string 15 which are arranged are combined to act together to drive the rotor 12 to rotate along with the up-and-down movement of the upper cover 8 under the excitation of external vibration; rotation of the rotor 12 with the magnet 13 changes the magnetic field around the coil 14, causing a change in the magnetic flux in the coil, thereby forming an electric current; the rotor 12 and the magnet 13 rotate to form a nonlinear interaction with the magnetic force of the magnetic sheet 11, so that the elastic substrate 2 deforms, the elastic substrate 2 and the piezoelectric sheet 3 form a whole, and the piezoelectric sheet 3 generates deformation output voltage.
Embodiment III:
the structure of the energy collecting device according to the present invention is the same as that of the first or second embodiment, and the working principle of the device is further described below with reference to fig. 5:
a three-dimensional space coordinate system is established, a forward direction parallel to the substrate direction is defined as an x direction, a right direction perpendicular to the substrate direction is defined as a y direction, and an upward direction of the main body support central axis is defined as a z direction. Vibration energy in the z-direction acts on the upper cover 8 and the rotor structure is driven with strings to convert the vibration in the z-direction into rotation of the rotor in the x-y plane. Referring to fig. 5, the state i is the same as the static position in fig. 1, and when excited by external vibration, the upper cover 8 moves downward to the state ii in fig. 5, the upper and lower strings 10 and 15 are twisted together due to the gravity of the rotor and the preset twisting number, and the rotor 12 rotates clockwise; the upper lid 8 continues to move downward to a state iii of fig. 5, which is the maximum displacement position of the downward movement of the upper lid 8; when the external vibration excitation is retracted, the upper cover 8 moves upwards under the action of the supporting spring 9, the kinks of the upper section of string 10 and the lower section of string 15 start to be released, the rotor 12 rotates reversely, the state IV of the rotor passes through the state IV of fig. 5, then the state V of fig. 5 is reached, and the rotation of the next period starts under the action of the external vibration excitation.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4A, 4B and 4C show cross sections of the upper cover 8, the base 1 and the rotor 12 in the x-y plane, respectively, in which the circumferentially arranged small holes are holes for the upper and lower strings 10 and 15 to pass through, and by providing the upper and lower strings 10 and 15 to pass through different holes, the preset starting angle and string spacing between the upper and lower strings 10 and 15 can be adjusted to produce different effects.
Under the action of external vibration excitation, the upper cover 8 moves up and down periodically along with the vibration excitation, and the rotor 12 rotates periodically. The periodic rotation of the rotor 12 drives the magnets 13 embedded in the rotor to perform a rotary motion, thereby constantly changing the magnetic field in the environment where the coils 14 are located, causing the magnetic flux density in the coils to constantly change, and forming a current in the coils according to the law of electromagnetic induction. In the process that the rotor 12 drives the magnet 13 to rotate, the magnet 13 and the magnetic sheet 11 generate magnetic interaction, and because the upper section of string 10 and the lower section of string 15 are in a tight state, relatively large deformation is generated on the elastic substrate 2, and the elastic substrate 2 and the piezoelectric sheet 3 are adhered into a whole, so that the piezoelectric sheet is finally deformed, and voltage output is obtained. The magnetic interaction between the rotor 12 and the magnet 13 and the elastic substrate 2 and the magnetic sheet 11 causes complex motion nonlinearity, thereby expanding the frequency bandwidth of the integral structure of the elastic substrate 2 and the piezoelectric sheet 3 and improving the output voltage and the output power.
The foregoing description is only a specific example of the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the principles and construction of the invention, but these modifications and changes based on the idea of the invention are still within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid ultralow-frequency vibration energy collecting device is characterized by comprising a main body supporting part, a rotating part, a piezoelectric motor part and an electromagnetic part;
the main body supporting part comprises a base (1), a supporting main body (5), an upper cover fixing nut (6), an upper cover fixing screw (7), an upper cover (8) and a supporting spring (9); wherein, the upper cover (8) is fixed above the supporting main body (5) through an upper cover fixing screw (7), a supporting spring (9) and an upper cover fixing screw cap (6); the supporting spring (9) is sleeved outside the upper cover fixing screw rod (7), and the upper cover (8) can move downwards by compressing the supporting spring (9); the lower end of the supporting main body (5) is fixedly connected to the base (1); the base (1), the supporting main body (5) and the upper cover (8) are all made of insulating materials;
the rotating part comprises a rotor (12), a magnet (13) and a string; wherein 2 is preset on the outer side surface of the rotor (12) n The grooves are distributed at equal intervals, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the number of the magnets (13) is consistent with the number of grooves preset in the rotor (12), and the magnets are respectively embedded in the grooves; the string wires pass through holes preset on the upper cover (8), the rotor (12) and the base (1), and the rotor (12) is suspended in the main body supporting structure; the rotor (12) and the chord line are made of insulating materials;
the piezoelectric motor part comprises a piezoelectric structure and an electrode; the piezoelectric motor part is at least provided with 1 piezoelectric structure, the piezoelectric structure is composed of an elastic base plate (2), piezoelectric sheets (3) and magnetic sheets (11), the elastic base plate (2) is made of rectangular light conductive plates, one end of each piezoelectric sheet (3) with positive piezoelectric effect materials is stuck on the elastic base plate, the piezoelectric sheets are fixed on the side face of the base plate (1) together through screws, and the other end of each piezoelectric sheet is a free end and stuck with the magnetic sheets (11); the electrode is made of metal conductive materials and is led out from the piezoelectric sheet (3) and used for outputting electric energy generated by the piezoelectric sheet (3);
the electromagnetic part comprises a coil body (14) made of conductive materials and a coil fixing bracket (4) made of insulating materials, wherein the coil body (14) is wound and fixed on the coil fixing bracket (4) and is used for sensing magnetic field changes caused by the rotation of a rotor (12) of the rotating part, and current is formed in the coil body (14); the number of coil bodies (14) is at least 1;
the positions of the magnet (13) of the rotating part, the magnetic sheet (11) of the piezoelectric motor part and the coil body (14) of the coil part are consistent in height.
2. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the supporting spring (9) is made of iron materials, and the elasticity of the supporting spring is achieved that the upper cover (8) is supported when the string is not twisted, and the supporting spring can be compressed when the string is twisted and the upper cover (8) is pulled.
3. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic sheet (11) and the magnet (13) are made of neodymium iron boron materials.
4. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the base (1) is square or round, and the supporting main body (5) is cylindrical; and the side length or diameter of the base (1) is larger than the bottom surface diameter of the supporting main body (5).
5. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the chord line is divided into an upper chord line (10) and a lower chord line (15) by taking the rotor (12) as a midpoint, and the two chord lines are twisted synchronously; the strings have a preset number of turns for driving the rotor (12) in rotation to convert vibrations into rotational motion.
6. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: in the piezoelectric motor part, the magnetic sheet (11) is used for sensing the driving force of the magnet (13) in the rotating part, so that the elastic substrate (2) is deformed.
7. The energy harvesting device of claim 1 or 6, wherein: the piezoelectric motor part is at least provided with 1 piezoelectric structure, and if one piezoelectric structure is arranged, the piezoelectric structure is fixed at any position on the side surface of the base (1); if a plurality of the fixing members are provided, the fixing members are fixed on the outer periphery of the base (1) at equal intervals.
8. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the number of the coil bodies (14) is at least 1, and if one coil body is used, the coil bodies are fixed at any position on the periphery of the coil fixing bracket (4); if a plurality of coil holders (4) are provided, the coil holders are fixed at equal intervals on the outer circumference.
9. The energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein: the excitation energy of the vibration of the upper cover (8) is converted into the rotation energy of the rotor (12) through the string torsional acting force, so that primary frequency conversion is realized; the rotor (12) driven by the rotation energy rotates together with the embedded magnet (13) and drives the piezoelectric structure to deform through magnetic nonlinear force so as to realize second frequency conversion; two energy harvesting is completed.
10. The energy harvesting device of claim 9, wherein: the two energies include electromagnetic energy and piezoelectric energy; wherein the electromagnetic energy is such that the rotor (12) rotates such that the magnet (13) cuts the coil; the piezoelectric energy is that the rotor (12) rotates, and the magnet (13) drives the magnetic sheet to deform the cantilever beam of the piezoelectric structure.
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| JPH08155392A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-18 | Hokuriku Electric Ind Co Ltd | Piezoelectromagnetic vibrator and driving method therefor |
| CN110048642A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-23 | 重庆大学 | A kind of non-linear piezoelectric vibration energy collector of any direction |
| JP2019216544A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 株式会社デンソー | Actuator apparatus |
| CN110649763A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Electromagnetic energy harvester for converting vibration or linear reciprocating motion into rotary motion |
| CN110661450A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-07 | 广西大学 | Piezoelectric vibrator with non-linear differential geometric characteristics |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH08155392A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-18 | Hokuriku Electric Ind Co Ltd | Piezoelectromagnetic vibrator and driving method therefor |
| JP2019216544A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 株式会社デンソー | Actuator apparatus |
| CN110048642A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-23 | 重庆大学 | A kind of non-linear piezoelectric vibration energy collector of any direction |
| CN110661450A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-07 | 广西大学 | Piezoelectric vibrator with non-linear differential geometric characteristics |
| CN110649763A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2020-01-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Electromagnetic energy harvester for converting vibration or linear reciprocating motion into rotary motion |
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