CN112737411A - Piezoelectric power generation device - Google Patents

Piezoelectric power generation device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112737411A
CN112737411A CN202110028343.9A CN202110028343A CN112737411A CN 112737411 A CN112737411 A CN 112737411A CN 202110028343 A CN202110028343 A CN 202110028343A CN 112737411 A CN112737411 A CN 112737411A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric
power generation
outer ring
magnets
inner ring
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202110028343.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘毅
卢方
陈祥彬
王俊贤
韩冬
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Ningbo University of Technology
Zhejiang University of Science and Technology ZUST
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Zhejiang University of Science and Technology ZUST
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Application filed by Zhejiang University of Science and Technology ZUST filed Critical Zhejiang University of Science and Technology ZUST
Priority to CN202110028343.9A priority Critical patent/CN112737411A/en
Publication of CN112737411A publication Critical patent/CN112737411A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a piezoelectric power generation device which comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and a piezoelectric power generation set. At least two groups of magnets are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring along the circumferential direction, and at least two groups of magnets are uniformly arranged on the surface of the inner column along the circumferential direction; a through rocker movable groove is formed in the circumferential direction on the side wall of the outer ring; a rocker is arranged on the inner ring, and the rocker extends out of the outer ring from the inner ring through a rocker movable groove; the inner ring is provided with at least two groups of piezoelectric power generation sets along the circumferential direction, each piezoelectric power generation set comprises a piezoelectric component, the piezoelectric components are fixedly connected to the inner ring, one end of each piezoelectric component faces towards the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring, and the other end of each piezoelectric component faces towards the inner column. The external environment transmits low-frequency vibration to the piezoelectric power generation device through the rocker, and the piezoelectric power generation device uses the matching of the multiple groups of piezoelectric components on the inner ring and the multiple groups of magnets on the outer ring to realize high-frequency vibration power generation of the piezoelectric components so as to improve the power generation efficiency.

Description

Piezoelectric power generation device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power generation devices, and particularly relates to a piezoelectric power generation device.
Background
In order to realize self-power supply of a wireless sensor for monitoring the marine environment, numerous scholars at home and abroad propose a method for converting wave energy into electric energy by utilizing an electromagnetic induction law, a piezoelectric effect and a triboelectric effect so as to supply power to the wireless sensor, and design various small power generation devices. Most of the devices adopt a resonance type mechanical structure, for example, an electromagnetic power generation device, and a magnet vibrates in a reciprocating manner under the driving of waves to cut a magnetic induction line so as to generate induced electromotive force in a coil. Such resonant power generation devices achieve maximum output power when the external excitation frequency is equal to their own natural frequency.
The existing resonance type generating device can generate larger output power when the external excitation frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the existing resonance type generating device, namely, the existing resonance type generating device reaches a resonance state. However, the operating frequency range is very narrow, and the resonant power generation device can normally operate only in a narrow frequency range near the natural frequency. For most power generation devices based on environmental vibrations, the natural frequency of the power generation device itself is much higher than the frequency of the environmental vibrations. According to a theoretical formula, the output power of the power generation device is proportional to the third power of the working frequency of the power generation device. This means that the output power of the power plant will drop sharply when the excitation frequency of the external environment decreases. In order to make the output power as large as possible, the natural frequency of the power generation device must be close to the ambient vibration frequency. The environmental vibrations are low frequency vibrations, typically in the frequency range of 1-20Hz, the frequency of the waves is less than 5Hz, and in order to keep the natural frequency of the power plant in its vicinity, the overall size of the power plant must be increased, since, in general, the natural frequency of the power plant is inversely proportional to its overall size. However, the increase in the volume of the power generation device greatly reduces the output power density (the ratio of the output power to the working volume), and also causes a series of problems such as an increase in the manufacturing cost and an increase in the difficulty of installation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a piezoelectric power generation device, wherein low-frequency vibration is transmitted to the piezoelectric power generation device by an external environment (such as waves) through a rocker, and the piezoelectric power generation device realizes high-frequency vibration power generation of piezoelectric components by matching a plurality of groups of piezoelectric components on an inner ring with a plurality of groups of magnets on an outer ring so as to improve the power generation efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a piezoelectric power generation device comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and a piezoelectric power generation set; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the outer ring is of a cylindrical structure with one open end, and the inner wall of the bottom of the outer ring is provided with a rotating groove and an inner column arranged at the center of the inner wall of the bottom; at least two groups of magnets are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring along the circumferential direction, and at least two groups of magnets are uniformly arranged on the surface of the inner column along the circumferential direction; a through rocker movable groove is formed in the circumferential direction on the side wall of the outer ring;
a rocker is arranged on the inner ring, and the rocker extends out of the outer ring from the inner ring through a rocker movable groove; the edge of the inner ring is provided with a rectangular convex edge, and the rectangular convex edge is matched with the rotating groove of the outer ring so that the outer ring and the inner ring can rotate relatively;
the inner ring is provided with at least two groups of piezoelectric power generation sets along the circumferential direction, each piezoelectric power generation set comprises a piezoelectric component, the piezoelectric components are fixedly connected to the inner ring, one end of each piezoelectric component faces towards the inner surface of the outer wall of the outer ring, and the other end of each piezoelectric component faces towards the inner column.
In one embodiment, the piezoelectric element includes a cantilever beam, a piezoelectric sheet and two magnets, the piezoelectric sheet is attached to the cantilever beam, and the two magnets are respectively fixed at two ends of the cantilever beam.
In a specific embodiment, a rectangular groove is formed in the inner ring, and the middle position of the cantilever beam of the piezoelectric assembly is fixedly connected to the rectangular groove of the inner ring.
In a specific embodiment, the number of the piezoelectric sheets of the piezoelectric component is 4, and the 4 piezoelectric sheets are symmetrically attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the cantilever beam along the middle position of the cantilever beam.
In one embodiment, the polarities of the opposite end faces of the magnets of the piezoelectric assembly and the magnets of the outer ring are the same.
In a specific embodiment, each piezoelectric power generation set includes three piezoelectric components, and the three piezoelectric components are arranged along a radial direction of the inner ring.
In one embodiment, each set of magnets on the outer ring at the rocker active slot comprises two magnets and each other set of magnets comprises three magnets.
In one embodiment, the circumferential angle of the rocker active slot is 90 degrees.
In one embodiment, the outer ring has three sets of magnets on the inner surface of the side wall, and the inner post has three sets of magnets on the surface.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the up-and-down motion of the waves is converted into the rotary motion of the inner ring (rotor) by the float and the rocker.
2. The cantilever beam and the piezoelectric sheet are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the inner ring (rotor), so that the output power density is improved.
3. The multiple groups of piezoelectric components on the inner ring are matched with the multiple groups of magnets on the outer ring to form a frequency raising mechanism, the cantilever beams are driven to freely vibrate by the mutual acting force between the magnets, and then the cantilever beams vibrate at higher frequency to generate electricity.
4. Piezoelectric sheets are uniformly distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the cantilever beam, and the deformation of the cantilever beam is fully utilized to generate electricity according to the piezoelectric effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric power generation system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a piezoelectric power generation device;
fig. 3 is an exploded view of the piezoelectric power generating device;
FIG. 4 is a structural and exploded view of a piezoelectric assembly;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the piezoelectric power generator;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the piezoelectric element.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention discloses a piezoelectric power generation device which can be used in a power generation system (i.e., a piezoelectric power generation system) for capturing wave energy, the power generation system including a float 1, a piezoelectric power generation device 30, a column, and a base 4, the float 1 being connected to the piezoelectric power generation device 30 through a rocker 2, the piezoelectric power generation device 30 being fixed to the base 4 through the column.
The piezoelectric power generation device 30 comprises an outer ring 3, an inner ring 4 and a piezoelectric power generation set 6, wherein the outer ring 3 is provided with a rectangular rocker movable groove 31 with a central angle of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction, the rocker 2 can swing up and down along the rocker movable groove 31, and the rocker 2 penetrates through the outer ring 3, extends to the inner ring 4 and is fixedly connected with the inner ring. When the rocker 2 swings up and down, the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 rotate relatively.
The inner wall of the bottom of the outer ring 3 is provided with a rotating groove 32, and the rotating groove 32 and a plurality of saw-shaped convex edges 41 arranged on the edge of the inner ring 4 are mutually matched to form a rotating pair, so that the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 4 can rotate relatively. An inner column 5 is arranged at the right center of the inner wall of the bottom of the outer ring 3, and the inner column 5 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the outer ring 3.
The outer ring 3 is cylindrical, and magnet sets are embedded on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring 3 and the surface of the inner column 5. In an embodiment, 12 sets of magnet groups are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring 3 along the circumferential direction at a central angle of 30 degrees, wherein each set of magnet groups except for only two magnets is provided at the rocker moving groove 31, and each other set of magnet groups is provided with three magnets. Interior post 5 is on the surface along circumference interval 60 degrees central angle evenly distributed 6 groups of magnet group, and every group magnet group all has 3 magnets.
The inner ring 4 is in a thin-wall cylindrical shape, 6 groups of rectangular grooves 7 are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the inner ring 4 (the interval central angle is 60 degrees), each group is provided with 3 rectangular grooves 7 which are arranged along the radial direction of the inner ring 4, and correspondingly, 3 piezoelectric assemblies 8 which are arranged in the radial direction form a piezoelectric power generation group 6. One piezoelectric assembly 8 forms fixed connection fit with the inner ring 4 through the rectangular groove 7, namely the middle part of the power generation assembly 8 forms interference fit with the rectangular groove 7. The piezoelectric assemblies 8 correspond to the rectangular grooves 7 one by one, and 6 groups of piezoelectric assemblies 8, namely 18 piezoelectric assemblies, are arranged on the inner ring 4.
The piezoelectric assembly 8 includes a cantilever beam 81 (brass foil may be used), 4 piezoelectric patches 82 and two magnets 83. The cantilever beam 81 is a brass sheet with the thickness of 0.4mm, the middle part of the cantilever beam 81 is fixedly connected with the rectangular groove 7 of the inner ring 4, two free ends of the cantilever beam 81 are respectively provided with a magnet 83, and 4 piezoelectric sheets 82 are symmetrically adhered to the upper surface and the lower surface of the cantilever beam 81 along the middle position.
The operating principle of the piezoelectric power generation system according to the present invention is as follows. When the floater 1 vibrates up and down along with waves, the rocker 2 is driven to swing up and down, so that the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 rotate relatively. The piezoelectric generator unit 6 mounted on the inner ring 4 has a small gap with the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring 3, and the piezoelectric generator unit 6 and the surface of the inner column 5. When the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 rotate relatively, the magnets 83 at the two ends of the cantilever beam 81 interact with the magnets on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring 3 and the magnets on the inner column 5, respectively. Under the action of magnetic force, the cantilever beam 81 deforms, so that the piezoelectric sheet 82 attached to the surface of the cantilever beam 81 deforms accordingly. According to the positive piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric sheet under pressure (or tension) outputs electric energy.
The specific vibration power generation process of the piezoelectric assembly 8 is as follows. When the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 3 rotate relatively, the magnet 33 on the outer ring 3 vibrates up and down with respect to the magnet 83 of the piezoelectric element 8. When the magnet 33 on the outer ring 3 approaches the magnet 83 on the cantilever 81, an interaction force is generated between the magnets, and the interaction force drives the cantilever 81 to bend. As the magnet 83 continues relative movement away from the cantilever beam, the force is reduced and the cantilever beam 81 is released. Cantilever beam 81 after being released is free to vibrate at its natural frequency. The rocking frequency of the rocking bar 2 is equal to the frequency of the wave motion, which is usually very low (<5Hz), but in the rocking process of the rocking bar 2, the cantilever beam 81 can freely vibrate at its natural frequency after being shifted by the magnet 33 on the outer ring 3 every time, and the natural frequency is far higher than the wave frequency and can reach hundreds of Hz. Therefore, the frequency is improved, and finally the output power and the energy conversion efficiency of the piezoelectric power generation device can be improved.
The piezoelectric power generation system can efficiently realize the conversion of wave energy and electric energy, can replace a battery of a wireless sensor for marine environment monitoring, avoids the troubles of battery replacement and recharging, and provides great help for the establishment of the marine Internet of things.
The piezoelectric power generation system for capturing wave energy in the invention can be understood as two vibration systems connected in series, wherein one vibration system is a low-frequency vibration system (a float end) and the other vibration system is a high-frequency vibration system (a piezoelectric power generation device end). The low-frequency vibration system can transmit low-frequency environment (wave) vibration to the high-frequency vibration system, and the high-frequency vibration system converts the vibration energy into electric energy by using an electromechanical conversion mechanism. The introduction of such an up-conversion structure brings about two fundamental advantages: firstly, the vibration frequency for power generation is greatly improved, and the output power density is directly increased; and secondly, the natural frequency of the power generation device can be close to the environmental vibration frequency under the condition of not increasing the overall size of the power generation device.
In addition, the electromechanical conversion mechanism adopted by the invention is a piezoelectric effect (when the piezoelectric sheet deforms, the inside of the piezoelectric sheet generates a polarization phenomenon, so that electromotive force is generated), and compared with the traditional electromagnetic power generation device, the piezoelectric power generation device can more fully utilize the characteristics of low frequency and large amplitude of wave energy and more efficiently complete the conversion of electric energy. Since the output power of the electromagnetic generating device is proportional to the change rate of the magnetic induction line inside the coil, i.e., proportional to the moving speed of the magnet, according to the faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the frequency of the wave has a large influence thereon and the amplitude of the wave has a small influence thereon, which cannot exert the advantage of the large amplitude of the wave. The piezoelectric power generation device provided by the invention has the advantages that the large amplitude of waves directly causes the increase of the vibration times of the piezoelectric sheet, so that the frequency and the amplitude of the waves influence the electric energy output of the power generation device.
Aiming at the problem that low-frequency large-amplitude wave energy is difficult to generate electricity, the invention combines the frequency raising mechanism with the electromechanical conversion mechanism based on the piezoelectric effect, improves the conversion efficiency of electric energy and also improves the output power density. The invention has great application potential in realizing self-power supply for marine electronic devices such as wireless sensors for marine environment monitoring and the like.
It is to be understood that the exemplary embodiments described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. Although one or more embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims (9)

1. The piezoelectric power generation device is characterized by comprising an outer ring, an inner ring and a piezoelectric power generation set; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the outer ring is of a cylindrical structure with one open end, and the inner wall of the bottom of the outer ring is provided with a rotating groove and an inner column arranged at the center of the inner wall of the bottom; at least two groups of magnets are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the side wall of the outer ring along the circumferential direction, and at least two groups of magnets are uniformly arranged on the surface of the inner column along the circumferential direction; a through rocker movable groove is formed in the circumferential direction on the side wall of the outer ring;
a rocker is arranged on the inner ring, and the rocker extends out of the outer ring from the inner ring through a rocker movable groove; the edge of the inner ring is provided with a rectangular convex edge, and the rectangular convex edge is matched with the rotating groove of the outer ring so that the outer ring and the inner ring can rotate relatively;
the inner ring is provided with at least two groups of piezoelectric power generation sets along the circumferential direction, each piezoelectric power generation set comprises a piezoelectric component, the piezoelectric components are fixedly connected to the inner ring, one end of each piezoelectric component faces towards the inner surface of the outer wall of the outer ring, and the other end of each piezoelectric component faces towards the inner column.
2. The piezoelectric power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric element includes a cantilever beam, a piezoelectric sheet attached to the cantilever beam, and two magnets fixed to both ends of the cantilever beam, respectively.
3. The piezoelectric power generator according to claim 2, wherein the inner ring is provided with a rectangular groove, and the cantilever beam of the piezoelectric element is fixedly connected to the rectangular groove of the inner ring at a middle position thereof.
4. The piezoelectric power generation device according to claim 3, wherein the number of the piezoelectric sheets of the piezoelectric element is 4, and the 4 piezoelectric sheets are symmetrically attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the cantilever beam along the middle position of the cantilever beam.
5. The piezoelectric power generator according to claim 4, wherein the magnets of the piezoelectric element have the same polarity as the magnet-opposed end faces of the outer ring.
6. The piezoelectric power generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the piezoelectric power generating groups includes three of the piezoelectric elements, and the three piezoelectric elements are arranged in a radial direction of the inner ring.
7. The piezoelectric power generator of claim 6, wherein each set of magnets on the outer ring at the rocker active slot comprises two magnets and each other set of magnets comprises three magnets.
8. The piezoelectric power generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rocker arm movable groove has a circumferential angle of 90 degrees.
9. The piezoelectric power generator of claim 1, wherein the outer ring has three sets of magnets on the inner surface of the side wall, and the inner post has three sets of magnets on the surface.
CN202110028343.9A 2021-01-11 2021-01-11 Piezoelectric power generation device Pending CN112737411A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110028343.9A CN112737411A (en) 2021-01-11 2021-01-11 Piezoelectric power generation device

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113217260A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-08-06 浙大宁波理工学院 Wave energy power generation device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113217260A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-08-06 浙大宁波理工学院 Wave energy power generation device
CN113217260B (en) * 2021-06-18 2023-02-21 浙大宁波理工学院 Wave energy power generation device

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