CN113979768A - 一种高电导率碳电极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高电导率碳电极材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
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- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus Chemical compound P12P3P1P32 OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高电导率碳电极材料及其制备方法，采用的碳质原料与粘结剂的质量比为(5‑10)：1；碳质原料包括天然石墨、碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜，碳纤维的质量为碳质原料总质量的5‑10％，联苯的质量为碳质原料总质量的5‑10％，氧化亚铜的质量为碳质原料总质量的2‑5％，余量为天然石墨，采用碳纤维作为增强剂，天然石墨作为碳电极的基体，提供碳素基体，与联苯和氧化亚铜按照比例进行混合，碳纤维为导电增强剂，是为了提高碳基体的电导率，天然石墨内的针状结构和纤维纹理，与碳纤维作为增强剂进行混合，利用粘结剂将天然石墨与碳纤维稳固，氧化亚铜为天然石墨化促进剂，促进样品在高温下天然石墨化，从而增强电导率，天然石墨部分的不挥发性碳，形成高功率和超高功率天然石墨电极。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电极领域，具体涉及一种高电导率碳电极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
工业炭电极在作为一种重要的导电材料在工业中得到了广泛应用，炭电极与其他炭素制品相比具有使用领域广的特点，可以在工业硅、黄磷、电石、铁合金等冶炼矿热炉上使用。由于碳电极的电阻率较高，在使用过程中大量电力被消耗与电极，因此如何降低碳电极的电阻率是业界关注的重点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高电导率碳电极材料及其制备方法，以克服现有技术的不足。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种高电导率碳电极材料，包括碳质原料和粘结剂，碳质原料与粘结剂的质量比为(5-10)：1；碳质原料包括天然石墨、碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜，碳纤维的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，联苯的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，氧化亚铜的质量为碳质原料总质量的2-5％，余量为天然石墨。
进一步的，粘结剂包括煤焦油与聚酰亚胺，煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的质量比为1：(0.5-2)。
进一步的，天然石墨粒径小于150目。
一种高电导率碳电极制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，取碳质原料和粘结剂，碳质原料与粘结剂的质量比为(5-10)：1；碳质原料包括天然石墨、碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜，碳纤维的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，联苯的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，氧化亚铜的质量为碳质原料总质量的2-5％，余量为天然石墨；
S2，将天然石墨在惰性气体氛围煅烧，将煅烧后的天然石墨破碎磨粉并过150目筛网，然后将碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜与过150目筛网的天然石墨混合均匀形成碳质原料；
S3，将碳质原料与粘结剂混合均匀在磨具中进行天然石墨化，即可得到碳电极。
进一步的，惰性气体采用氮气或氩气。
进一步的，将天然石墨在惰性气体氛围煅烧以减少其中的挥发分和水分，煅烧温度为1100-1300℃，加热时间2-4h。
进一步的，将碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜与天然石墨粉末在球磨机中球磨不少于30分钟形成碳质原料。
进一步的，粘结剂包括煤焦油与聚酰亚胺，煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的质量比为1：(0.5-2)。
进一步的，将碳质原料与粘结剂混合均匀后放入模具中，并在1200-1400℃进行焙烧2-3h，将焙烧好的原料在天然石墨化炉中天然石墨化，温度2700℃-2900℃，时间为40-50h。
进一步的，碳纤维采用化学气相沉积法制备。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：
本发明一种高电导率碳电极材料，包括碳质原料和粘结剂，碳质原料与粘结剂的质量比为(5-10)：1；碳质原料包括天然石墨、碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜，碳纤维的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，联苯的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，氧化亚铜的质量为碳质原料总质量的2-5％，余量为天然石墨，采用碳纤维作为增强剂，天然石墨作为碳电极的基体，提供碳素基体，与联苯和氧化亚铜按照比例进行混合，碳纤维为导电增强剂，是为了提高碳基体的电导率，天然石墨内的针状结构和纤维纹理，与碳纤维作为增强剂进行混合，利用粘结剂将天然石墨与碳纤维稳固，氧化亚铜为天然石墨化促进剂，促进样品在高温下天然石墨化，从而增强电导率，天然石墨部分的不挥发性碳，形成高功率和超高功率天然石墨电极。
本发明一种高电导率碳电极制备方法，先将天然石墨在惰性气体氛围煅烧，提高其化学稳定性，将煅烧后的天然石墨破碎磨粉并过150目筛网，然后将碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜与过150目筛网的天然石墨混合均匀形成碳质原料，天然石墨作为碳电极的基体，提供碳素基体，与联苯和氧化亚铜按照比例进行混合，碳纤维的增加提高了碳基体的电导率，将碳质原料与粘结剂混合均匀在磨具中进行天然石墨化，提高了高电导率碳电极的稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步详细描述：
一种高电导率碳电极材料，包括碳质原料和粘结剂，碳质原料与粘结剂的质量比为(5-10)：1，碳质原料包括天然石墨、碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜，碳纤维的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，联苯的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，氧化亚铜的质量为碳质原料总质量的2-5％，余量为天然石墨，采用碳纤维作为增强剂，天然石墨作为碳电极的基体，提供碳素基体，与联苯和氧化亚铜按照比例进行混合，碳纤维为导电增强剂，是为了提高碳基体的电导率，天然石墨内的针状结构和纤维纹理，与碳纤维作为增强剂进行混合，利用粘结剂将天然石墨与碳纤维稳固，氧化亚铜为天然石墨化促进剂，促进样品在高温下天然石墨化，从而增强电导率，天然石墨部分的不挥发性碳，形成高功率和超高功率天然石墨电极，与人造石墨截然不同，非天然的石墨中的碳加热后完全挥发，导致石墨电极性能下降。
其中粘结剂包括煤焦油与聚酰亚胺，煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的质量比为1：(0.5-2)。
所述天然石墨粒径小于150目。
基于上述高电导率碳电极材料的高电导率碳电极制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，按质量比取天然石墨、碳纤维、联苯、氧化亚铜、煤焦油与聚酰亚胺，碳纤维的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，联苯的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，氧化亚铜的质量为碳质原料总质量的2-5％，煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的质量比为1：(0.5-2)；碳质原料与粘结剂混合质量比为(5-10)：1；
S2，将天然石墨在惰性气体氛围煅烧，将煅烧后的天然石墨破碎磨粉并过150目筛网，然后将碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜与天然石墨粉末混合均匀形成碳质原料；
S3，将煤焦油与聚酰亚胺加热混合形成粘结剂；
S4，将碳质原料与粘结剂混合均匀在磨具中进行天然石墨化，即可得到碳电极。
具体的，惰性气体采用氮气或氩气；将天然石墨在惰性气体氛围煅烧以减少其中的挥发分和水分，煅烧温度为1100-1300℃，加热时间2-4h；经1100-1300℃煅烧过的总质量电阻率降低到500μΩ·m左右，提高了导电率；
具体的，将碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜与天然石墨粉末在球磨机中球磨不少于30分钟形成碳质原料；采用化学气相沉积法制备得到碳纤维，即得到碳纳米纤维改性材料。
天然石墨化过程为：将碳质原料与粘结剂混合均匀后放入模具中，并在1200-1400℃进行焙烧2-3h，将焙烧好的原料在天然石墨化炉中天然石墨化，温度2700℃-2900℃，时间为40-50h。然后将得到碳电极降温取出并进行性能测定。
实施例1：
称取天然石墨200g在氮气保护下煅烧，煅烧温度1100℃，时间为2h，将煅烧后的天然石墨破碎磨粉，并用150目筛网过筛。取10g三维取向碳纤维，10g联苯，氧化亚铜4g在球磨机中球磨30分钟，并于天然石墨混合均匀。另取一烧杯称取煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的混合物40g(两者比例1：0.5)，将两者混合并在混捏机中混捏后倒入模具成型，将焙烧好的原料在2700℃中焙烧44h，冷却得到碳电极，对其性能进行测定：电阻率为7.8μΩ·m，密度为1.63g/cm3。
实施例2：
称取天然石墨200g在氮气保护下煅烧，煅烧温度1150℃，时间为2.5h，将煅烧后的天然石墨破碎磨粉，并用150目筛网过筛。取12g三维取向碳纤维，10g联苯，氧化亚铜5g在球磨机中球磨30分钟，并于天然石墨混合均匀。另取一烧杯称取煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的混合物35g(两者比例1：1)，将两者混合并在混捏机中混捏后倒入模具成型，将原料在2800℃中焙烧48h，冷却得到碳电极，对其性能进行测定：电阻率为6.1μΩ·m，，密度为1.55g/cm3。
实施例3：
称取天然石墨200g在氮气保护下煅烧，煅烧温度1300℃，时间为3h，将煅烧后的天然石墨破碎磨粉，并用150目筛网过筛。取13g三维取向碳纤维，11g联苯，氧化亚铜5.5g在球磨机中球磨30分钟，并于天然石墨混合均匀。另取一烧杯称取煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的混合物33g(两者比例1：1)，将两者混合并在混捏机中混捏后倒入模具成型，将原料在2900℃中焙烧45h，冷却得到碳电极，对其性能进行测定：电阻率为5.1μΩ·m，密度为1.58g/cm3。
实施例4：
称取天然石墨200g在氮气保护下煅烧，煅烧温度1300℃，时间为3h，将煅烧后的天然石墨破碎磨粉，并用150目筛网过筛。取13g三维取向碳纤维，13g联苯，氧化亚铜7g在球磨机中球磨30分钟，并于天然石墨混合均匀。另取一烧杯称取煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的混合物29g(两者比例1：1)，将两者混合并在混捏机中混捏后倒入模具成型，将原料在2750℃中焙烧48h，冷却得到碳电极，对其性能进行测定：电阻率为6.3μΩ·m，密度为1.61g/cm3。
实施例5：
称取天然石墨200g在氮气保护下煅烧，将煅烧后的天然石墨破碎磨粉，并用150目筛网过筛。取18g三维取向碳纤维，18g联苯，氧化亚铜9g在球磨机中球磨30分钟，并于天然石墨混合均匀。另取一烧杯称取煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的混合物29g(两者比例1：2)，将两者混合并在混捏机中混捏后倒入模具成型，将原料在2850℃中焙烧50h，冷却得到碳电极，对其性能进行测定：电阻率为5，7μΩ·m，密度为1.64g/cm3。
Claims (10)
1.一种高电导率碳电极材料，其特征在于，包括碳质原料和粘结剂，碳质原料与粘结剂的质量比为(5-10)：1；碳质原料包括天然石墨、碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜，碳纤维的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，联苯的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，氧化亚铜的质量为碳质原料总质量的2-5％，余量为天然石墨。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高电导率碳电极材料，其特征在于，粘结剂包括煤焦油与聚酰亚胺，煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的质量比为1：(0.5-2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高电导率碳电极材料，其特征在于，天然石墨粒径小于150目。
4.一种高电导率碳电极制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1，取碳质原料和粘结剂，碳质原料与粘结剂的质量比为(5-10)：1；碳质原料包括天然石墨、碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜，碳纤维的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，联苯的质量为碳质原料总质量的5-10％，氧化亚铜的质量为碳质原料总质量的2-5％，余量为天然石墨；
S2，将天然石墨在惰性气体氛围煅烧，将煅烧后的天然石墨破碎磨粉并过150目筛网，然后将碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜与过150目筛网的天然石墨混合均匀形成碳质原料；
S3，将碳质原料与粘结剂混合均匀在磨具中进行天然石墨化，即可得到碳电极。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高电导率碳电极制备方法，其特征在于，惰性气体采用氮气或氩气。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种高电导率碳电极制备方法，其特征在于，将天然石墨在惰性气体氛围煅烧以减少其中的挥发分和水分，煅烧温度为1100-1300℃，加热时间2-4h。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种高电导率碳电极制备方法，其特征在于，将碳纤维、联苯和氧化亚铜与天然石墨粉末在球磨机中球磨不少于30分钟形成碳质原料。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种高电导率碳电极制备方法，其特征在于，粘结剂包括煤焦油与聚酰亚胺，煤焦油与聚酰亚胺的质量比为1：(0.5-2)。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种高电导率碳电极制备方法，其特征在于，将碳质原料与粘结剂混合均匀后放入模具中，并在1200-1400℃进行焙烧2-3h，将焙烧好的原料在天然石墨化炉中天然石墨化，温度2700℃-2900℃，时间为40-50h。
10.根据权利要求4所述的一种高电导率碳电极制备方法，其特征在于，碳纤维采用化学气相沉积法制备。
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