CN113975270A - 香豆素的新应用 - Google Patents
香豆素的新应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113975270A CN113975270A CN202111397509.0A CN202111397509A CN113975270A CN 113975270 A CN113975270 A CN 113975270A CN 202111397509 A CN202111397509 A CN 202111397509A CN 113975270 A CN113975270 A CN 113975270A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- coumarin
- use according
- sodium
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 208000033679 diabetic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 208000007342 Diabetic Nephropathies Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 liquid paraffin Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940069328 povidone Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000205 acacia gum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N N-methylglucamine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种香豆素的新应用,具体涉及香豆素在制备预防或/和治疗糖尿病肾病的药物中的应用,进一步地,所述药物包含香豆素以及药学上可接受的辅料。本发明发现,香豆素对肾来源GEnCs细胞友好,并且对糖尿病肾病模型大鼠的多个指标具有改善作用,这说明香豆素在防治糖尿病肾病方面具有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药和制药技术领域,特别是涉及香豆素的新应用。
背景技术
慢性肾脏病(CKD)是由于各种原因引起的慢性肾脏结构和功能障碍(肾脏损害病史大于3个月),包括肾GFR正常和不正常的病理损伤、血液或尿液成分异常,及影像学检查异常,或不明原因GFR下降(<60ml/min·1.73m2)超过3个月,即为CKD。引起慢性肾脏病的疾病包括各种原发的、继发的肾小球肾炎、肾小管损伤和肾血管的病变等。根据GFR可以将慢性肾脏病分为5期,早期发现和早期干预可以显著的降低CKD患者的并发症,明显的提高生存率,对于CKD的治疗,包括原发病的治疗,各种危险因素的处理以及延缓慢性肾功能不全的进展。
糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。高血糖则是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或其生物作用受损,或两者兼有引起。长期存在的高血糖,导致各种组织,特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害、功能障碍。目前尚无根治糖尿病的方法,但通过多种治疗手段可以有效控制糖尿病,主要包括5个方面:糖尿病患者的教育,自我监测血糖,饮食治疗,运动治疗和药物治疗。
糖尿病肾病(DKD)不仅是一种糖尿病(DM)并发症,而且是终末期肾病(ESRD)的首要病因。糖尿病肾病常常引起微血管病变和肾小球硬化,根据病情分为结节性病变、渗出性病变和弥漫性病变三种,即可单独存在,也可合并存在。DKD已成为威胁人类健康的重大社会问题,给社会和个人造成了巨大经济负担。
临床上,糖尿病肾病主要表现为蛋白尿、高血压及进行性肾功能损害。该病的病理体现在肾小球系膜细胞增殖、肾小球毛细血管氧化应激增加及细胞凋亡等症状。晚期糖基化终末产物(Advanced Glycation End products,AGEs)也参与了糖尿病肾病的发病过程,是显著的致病因素。DKD的治疗,主要以控制血糖、控制血压和减少尿蛋白为主,还包括生活方式干预、纠正脂质代谢紊乱、治疗肾功能不全的并发症及透析治疗等。目前临床上缺乏针对糖尿病肾病的有效药物。
发明内容
基于以上技术问题,本发明的主要目的是提供香豆素的新应用,主要是将香豆素用于制备预防或/和治疗糖尿病肾病的药物。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
香豆素在制备预防或/和治疗糖尿病肾病的药物中的应用。
在其中一些实施例中,所述药物包含香豆素以及药学上可接受的辅料。
在其中一些实施例中,所述辅料选自稀释剂、润湿剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、色香味调节剂、溶剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂、金属络合剂、惰性气体、防腐剂、局部止痛剂、pH调节剂以及等渗或等张调节剂中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述稀释剂选自淀粉类、糖类、纤维素类以及无机盐类中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述润湿剂选自水以及乙醇中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述黏合剂选自淀粉浆、糊精、糖、纤维素衍生物、明胶、聚维酮以及聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述崩解剂选自淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、表面活性剂以及泡腾崩解剂中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述润滑剂选自滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸镁、微粉硅胶以及聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述色香味调节剂选自色素、香料、甜味剂、胶浆剂以及矫臭剂中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述溶剂选自水、乙醇、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、二甲基亚砜、液体石蜡、脂肪油以及乙酸乙酯中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述增溶剂选自吐温类、卖泽类、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚类、肥皂类、硫酸化物、以及磺酸化物中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述助溶剂选自有机酸及其盐类、酰胺及胺类化合物、无机盐、聚乙二醇、聚维酮以及甘油中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述乳化剂选自司盘类、吐温类、卖泽类、苄泽类、甘油脂肪酸酯、高级脂肪酸盐、硫酸化物、磺酸化物、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶、明胶、果胶、磷脂、琼脂、海藻酸钠、氢氧化物、二氧化硅以及皂土中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述助悬剂选自甘油、糖浆、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶、琼脂、海藻酸钠、纤维素衍生物、聚维酮、卡波普、聚乙烯醇以及触变胶中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述抗氧剂选自亚硫酸盐、焦亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、抗坏血酸、没食子酸及其酯类中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述金属络合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸二钠以及多羧酸化合物中的一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述惰性气体选自氮气以及二氧化碳中的一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述防腐剂选自尼泊金类、有机酸及其盐、季铵类化合物、醋酸氯己定、醇类、酚类以及挥发油中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述局部止痛剂选自苯甲醇、三氯叔丁醇、利多卡因以及普鲁卡因中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述pH调节剂选择盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、枸橼酸、酒石酸、醋酸、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、乙二胺、葡甲胺、磷酸盐、醋酸盐以及枸橼酸盐中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述等渗或等张调节剂选自葡萄糖、氯化钠、枸橼酸钠、山梨醇以及木糖醇中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述药物的剂型为片剂。
在其中一些实施例中,所述药物的剂型为颗粒剂。
在其中一些实施例中,所述药物的剂型为丸剂。
在其中一些实施例中,所述药物的剂型为粉剂。
在其中一些实施例中,所述药物的剂型为胶囊剂。
在其中一些实施例中,所述药物的剂型为注射剂。
在其中一些实施例中,所述药物的剂型为口服液。
在其中一些实施例中,所述药物的给药途径包括静脉注射、腹腔注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射、口服给药、舌下给药、鼻腔给药或者经皮给药。
与传统技术相比,本发明具备如下有益效果:
发明人发现,香豆素具有如下功能:(1)对肾来源的GEnCs细胞具有很好的细胞相容性,维持较高的细胞增殖率,降低GEnCs细胞活性氧成分,改善肾来源GEnCs细胞线粒体膜电位,降低高糖高胰岛素条件下肾来源GEnCs细胞VEGF、/VEGFR1的表达以及syndecan-1的表达。(2)用药给糖尿病肾病模型鼠,能降低尿总蛋白、含量血清尿素氮、尿微量白蛋白、血肌酐含量、α微球白蛋白、β2微球白蛋白含量、糖化血红蛋白含量改善肾功能;明显降低AGEs含量、LPS含量以及增加C肽含量,增加血清中胰岛素含量,通过降低甘油三酯、总胆固醇以及低密度脂蛋白改善大鼠血脂情况,降低ALT、AST含量。(3)能够显著降低糖尿病肾病模型鼠中的TNFα和IL-1β炎症因子的表达。以上发现表明香豆素在防治糖尿病肾病方面具有很好的应用前景。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一个实施例中MTT检测不同浓度香豆素对肾来源GEnCs细胞增殖率的影响结果图;
图2为本发明一个实施例中各处理中肾来源GEnCs细胞线粒体膜电位检测图;
图3为本发明一个实施例中各处理组肾来源GEnCs细胞活性氧检测图;
图4为本发明一个实施例中各处理组肾来源GEnCs细胞VEGFR1表达检测图;
图5为本发明一个实施例中各处理组肾来源GEnCs细胞多配体蛋白聚糖syndecan-1的表达检测图;
图6为本发明一个实施例中各处理组大鼠体重、血糖、尿量变化统计图;
图7为本发明一个实施例中各处理组大鼠肾功能统计图;
图8为本发明一个实施例中各处理组大鼠血清指标统计图;
图9为本发明一个实施例中各处理组大鼠肝功能、血脂相关指标统计图;
图10为本发明一个实施例中各处理组大鼠SOD和MDA含量检测图;
图11为本发明一个实施例中各处理组大鼠肾脏HE染色结果图;
图12为本发明一个实施例中各处理组大鼠肾脏PAS染色结果图;
图13为本发明一个实施例中各处理组大鼠肾脏底膜扫描电镜观察结果图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下面将对本发明进行更详细的描述。但是,应当理解,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施方式或实施例。相反地,提供这些实施方式或实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式或实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”的可选范围包括两个或两个以上相关所列项目中任一个,也包括相关所列项目的任意的和所有的组合,所述任意的和所有的组合包括任意的两个相关所列项目、任意的更多个相关所列项目、或者全部相关所列项目的组合。
本发明中,以开放式描述的技术特征中,包括所列举特征组成的封闭式技术方案,也包括包含所列举特征的开放式技术方案。
本发明中涉及的百分比含量,如无特别说明,对于固液混合和固相-固相混合均指质量百分比,对于液相-液相混合指体积百分比。
本发明中涉及的百分比浓度,如无特别说明,均指终浓度。所述终浓度,指添加成分在添加该成分后的体系中的占比。
本发明中的温度参数,如无特别限定,既允许为恒温处理,也允许在一定温度区间内进行处理。所述的恒温处理允许温度在仪器控制的精度范围内进行波动。
目前市场上存在的香豆素类药物是一类口服抗凝药物。它们的共同结构是4-羟基香豆素。当初人们在牧场牲畜因抗凝作用导致内出血致死的过程中发现的双香豆素,意识到了这一类物质的抗凝作用,引起了之后对香豆素类药物的研究和合成,从而为医学界提供了多一种重要的凝血药物。香豆素类药物的作用是抑制凝血因子在肝脏的合成。香豆素类药物与维他命K的结构相似。香豆素类药物在肝脏与维他命K环氧化物还原酶结合,抑制维生素K由环氧化物向氢醌型转化,维生素K的循环被抑制。可以说香豆素类药物是维生素K拮抗剂,或者是竞争性抑制剂。含有谷氨酸残基的凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的羧化作用被抑制,而其前体是没有凝血活性的,因此凝血过程受到抑制。但它对已形成的凝血因子无效。常见的香豆素类药物有双香豆素(dicoumarol)、华法林(warfarin,苄丙酮香豆素)和醋硝香豆素(acenocoumarol,新抗凝)。
传统的香豆素类药物,例如:CN101780070A公开了以7-羟基香豆素和7-羟基-6-甲氧基香豆素中的至少一种为活性成分的制备治疗糖尿病肾病的药物;例如CN110934864A公开了4-甲基-6,7-二甲氧基香豆素在制备防治糖尿病肾病的药物中的应用。然而,还未有将香豆素用于制备防治糖尿病肾病的药物。
香豆素,其中文名称为香豆素,属黄酮类化合物,分子式为C9H6O2,分子量为146.14,具有抗肿瘤、抗菌(大肠埃希菌)、抗真菌、抗凝血作用、降血糖等作用。
肾小球内皮细胞GEnCs是肾小球固有细胞之一,也是构成肾单位的重要组成部分。肾小球内皮细胞能够调节肾小球滤过功能,是滤过屏障内壁的重要组成部分,与肾小球的病理生理过程相关。肾小球是包裹在肾小囊内的一团卷曲的毛细血管,肾小球结构复杂而独特,其固有细胞包括肾小球内皮细胞、系膜细胞和上皮细胞,它们相互之间结构与功能联系密切,相互关联。肾小球内皮细胞直接与血液相接触,是血液中各种病理生理因素作用的自然靶细胞,参与肾小球基膜有关成分的合成与修复,在调控肾小球内凝血、免疫反应和炎症过程中起重要作用。肾小球内皮细胞受损可显著影响肾小球疾病的进展和修复。当肾小球损害严重时,内皮受损无法新生血管,硬化代替受损区域。肾小球内皮细胞受损后还可影响系膜细胞和上皮细胞,并可能通过它们之间的相互作用影响肾脏疾病的进展。肾小球内皮细胞功能障碍与糖尿病肾病密切相关,蛋白尿便是糖尿病肾病中肾小球内皮细胞广泛损害的标志之一。
目前,市场上具备以下作用的药物还很少见:对GEnCs细胞具有很好的细胞相容性,能够降低糖尿病肾病诱导的炎症因子的表达;改善GEnCs细胞线粒体膜电位;降低GEnCs细胞活性氧成分;改善GEnCs细胞VEGF、VEGFR1和syndecan-1的表达,减少肾小球基底膜明显增厚,减少周围肾小管上皮细胞发生明显的空泡化改变,减少肾小管中可见坏死的上皮细胞,减少间质中可见成纤维细胞增生和发生纤维化改变;减少糖尿病肾病大鼠模型的基底膜增厚,厚薄不均匀,部分区域呈局灶性增厚,足细胞突起肿胀,变短,并可见足突融合,小球内胶原纤维增多。
香豆素在制备预防或/和治疗糖尿病肾病的药物中的应用。
在其中一个具体示例中,所述药物包含香豆素以及药学上可接受的辅料。
可以理解的是,所述辅料选自,包括但不限于以下所示辅料种类的一种或者几种:稀释剂、润湿剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、色香味调节剂、溶剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂、金属络合剂、惰性气体、防腐剂、局部止痛剂、pH调节剂、等渗或等张调节剂。所述稀释剂可以选自,包括但不限于:淀粉类、糖类、纤维素类、无机盐类。所述润湿剂可以选自,包括但不限于:水、乙醇。所述黏合剂可以选自,包括但不限于:淀粉浆、糊精、糖、纤维素衍生物、明胶、聚维酮、聚乙二醇。所述崩解剂可以选自,包括但不限于:淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、表面活性剂、泡腾崩解剂。所述润滑剂可以选自,包括但不限于:滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸镁、微粉硅胶、聚乙二醇。所述色香味调节剂可以选自,包括但不限于:色素、香料、甜味剂、胶浆剂、矫臭剂。所述溶剂可以选自,包括但不限于:水、乙醇、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、二甲基亚砜、液体石蜡、脂肪油、乙酸乙酯。所述增溶剂可以选自,包括但不限于:吐温类、卖泽类、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚类、肥皂类、硫酸化物、磺酸化物。所述助溶剂可以选自,包括但不限于:有机酸及其盐类、酰胺及胺类化合物、无机盐、聚乙二醇、聚维酮、甘油。所述乳化剂可以选自,包括但不限于:司盘类、吐温类、卖泽类、苄泽类、甘油脂肪酸酯、高级脂肪酸盐、硫酸化物、磺酸化物、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶、明胶、果胶、磷脂、琼脂、海藻酸钠、氢氧化物、二氧化硅、皂土。所述助悬剂可以选自,包括但不限于:甘油、糖浆、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶、琼脂、海藻酸钠、纤维素衍生物、聚维酮、卡波普、聚乙烯醇、触变胶。所述抗氧剂可以选自,包括但不限于:亚硫酸盐、焦亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、抗坏血酸、没食子酸、酯类。所述金属络合剂可以选自,包括但不限于:乙二胺四乙酸二钠、多羧酸化合物。所述惰性气体可以选自,包括但不限于:氮气、二氧化碳。所述防腐剂可以选自,包括但不限于:尼泊金类、有机酸及其盐、季铵类化合物、醋酸氯己定、醇类、酚类、挥发油。所述局部止痛剂可以选自,包括但不限于:苯甲醇、三氯叔丁醇、利多卡因、普鲁卡因。所述pH调节剂可以选自,包括但不限于:盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、枸橼酸、酒石酸、醋酸、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、乙二胺、葡甲胺、磷酸盐、醋酸盐、枸橼酸盐。所述等渗或等张调节剂可以选自,包括但不限于:葡萄糖、氯化钠、枸橼酸钠、山梨醇、木糖醇。
可以理解的是,所述药物可以根据临床的需求,制备成合适的剂型,剂型可以选自,包括但不限于:片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、粉剂、胶囊剂、注射剂、口服液。
可以理解的是,所述药物可以根据临床的需求,采用合适的给药途径进行给药,给药途径可以选自,包括但不限于:静脉注射、腹腔注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射、口服给药、舌下给药、鼻腔给药、经皮给药。
实施例1
本实施例涉及到的MTT实验,主要步骤为:取对数期肾来源的GEnCs细胞(肾小球内皮细胞),5%CO2、37℃进行培养,随后按照每孔5.0×104个细胞接种到96孔板中,加入1.25μM、2.5μM、5μM、10μM、20μM、40μM、80μM、160μM、320μM一系列浓度梯度(加入孔后的终浓度)的香豆素,对照组(Control)不加香豆素,每个浓度至少4个复孔,孵育24h后,每孔加入20μLMTT溶液,继续培养4h后,小心吸去孔内培养液,每孔加入150μL二甲基亚砜,置摇床上振荡10min,使结晶物充分溶解。在酶联免疫检测仪OD490nm处测量各孔的吸光值。
结果显示,香豆素在浓度1.25μM-160μM对肾来源的GEnCs细胞很好的细胞相容性,在10μM香豆素浓度作用下,GEnCs细胞活性最佳,可以作为后续实验参考浓度,见图1。
实施例2
本实施例涉及到的流式细胞术,主要步骤包括:
将肾来源的GEnCs细胞按密度为3.5×105个/mL接种于6孔版,待细胞长至75%融合时,分为阴性对照组(无任何处理,是单纯的细胞,不进行任何处理,扣除细胞自带荧光,Negative Control),空白对照组(未添加任何药物,Control),模型组(H-Glu+Insulin),香豆素组(H-Glu+Insulin+7-Hyd)和对比药物组(H-Glu+insulin+Irb);其中,Irb对应厄贝沙坦,终浓度为13.5mg/mL,香豆素终浓度为0.5mg/mL。24h后从培养箱中拿出,弃培养液,灭菌PBS洗涤一次,加入ROS染液DCFH(10μM)、线粒体膜电位染液JC-1(2.5μg/mL)或凋亡染液PI/FITC(2:1),培养箱中避光孵育。20min后吸走荧光染液,PBS洗涤一次,每孔加入500μL的胰蛋白酶消化后加入培养基终止消化,于室温下以1000rpm离心3min,吸走上清液,重新加入500μLPBS重悬细胞,并通过流式细胞仪收集106个细胞并检测其平均荧光强度值。结合流式细胞术对线粒体膜电位和细胞活性氧检测。
结果发现,香豆素能够改善细胞线粒体膜电位和降低细胞活性氧。见图2和图3。
实施例3
本实施例涉及到的免疫荧光技术,分为阴性对照组(未添加任何药物),模型组(H-Glu+Insulin),香豆素组(H-Glu+Insulin+7-Hyd)和对比药物组(H-Glu+Insulin+Irb)。厄贝沙坦,终浓度为13.5mg/mL,香豆素终浓度为0.5mg/mL。
主要步骤包括:
1.细胞悬液制备:胰酶消化肾来源的GEnCs细胞后计数重悬细胞于完全培养基中。
2.细胞爬片:六孔板中每孔中滴加少量完全培养基,可以使盖玻片与六孔板靠完全培养基的张力黏合到一起,然后放入清洁灭菌的盖玻片。把细胞均匀接入到铺有18mm×18mm盖玻片的六孔板中。放入细胞培养箱,大约1h-2h细胞80%贴壁后每孔加入2mL完全培养基让细胞完全贴壁生长,待细胞完全贴壁后,可去上清加含药培养基。
3.细胞固定穿孔:按前面分组给药24h后,吸走上清液,加入PBS浸泡清洗5min/次×3次,每孔加入1mL提前制备好的4%多聚甲醛固定15min,用PBS清洗5min/次×3次,接着用0.5%triton X-100对细胞打孔处理10min,PBS洗三遍,每次5min。
4.封闭孵育一抗:用2%BSA封闭30min,PBS洗两遍,加入按1:200比例稀释的一抗(VE-cadherin、ZO-1、Occludin、Claudin-5、Collagen 1等),4℃冰箱过夜孵育。
5.二抗孵育:实验第三天回收一抗PBS洗三遍,每次5min,加入与一抗来源相同种属的荧光二抗(1:200),避光37℃温箱孵育60min,PBS洗四遍,每次5min。
6.染核封片:加入0.5μg/mL DAPI(PBS配制)染色10min(避光),用PBS洗三遍每次5min,将片子从PBS中取出,放到避光处风干,并滴加抗荧光淬灭封片剂。封片好的细胞样品可于4℃冰箱中保存2周以上。
7.激光共聚焦显微镜下观察。
激光共聚焦显微镜进行观察结果发现,和模型组(H-Glu+Insulin)相比,香豆素组(H-Glu+Insulin+7-Hyd)能够明显改善肾来源的GEnCs细胞中VEGF、VEGFR1和syndecan-1(粘结合蛋白多糖-1)的表达。见图4和图5。
实施例4
本实施例涉及到的动物实验,本实施例使用的动物为雄性Wistar大鼠,体重为180-220g/只,分为正常对照组(Normal)、模型组(DN,H-Glu+Insulin)、香豆素组(DN+YSHS-02)和阳性组(DN+Irb,厄倍沙坦)。除正常对照组为10只大鼠外,其余各组均为15只。
其中,第一天,造模采用30mg/kg STZ ip(链脲佐菌素,腹腔注射),第二天,0.1mL/只CFA ip(弗氏佐剂,腹腔注射)处理,对照组采用ip(腹腔注射)相应体积的缓冲液(枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠缓冲液),注射部位用酒精消毒。每周重复上述操作一次,连续3周。STZ以无菌0.1mol/L枸橼酸-枸橼酸钠缓冲液配制。
各药物组(即香豆素组和阳性组)分别灌胃给予相应药物0.5mL,同体积不同浓度给药,模型组和正常对照组给予同体积生理盐水。每日1次,每周6次,周日休息,连续8周。剂量设计依据:
香豆素组临床拟用日剂量为30g制剂/人,按人-大鼠体表面积折算系数0.018折算成大鼠临床等效量,为0.54g制剂/只/日,即2.7g制剂/kg,对应2.7g香豆素/kg;
厄贝沙坦临床最大日剂量为0.3g/人,按人-大鼠体表面积折算系数0.018折算成大鼠临床等效量,为5.4mg/只/日,即27mg/kg,对应0.027g厄贝沙坦/kg。
给药期间每天更换垫料,每周测定3次大鼠每日进食量、饮水量。每周测每日进食量、饮水量各3次;每周称体重1次,每2周测定空腹血糖1次、24小时尿量1次;给药第4周,收集24小时尿液,检测尿液中总蛋白TP、微白蛋白ALB、肌酐Cr、尿素氮BUN含量。
1、大鼠体重测量
在每次手术和治疗前后,将大鼠置于电子天平中称重和记录。
2、尿量检测试验
在每个时间点收集大鼠尿液,收集后测量尿量。
3、血液尿素氮BUN实验
血尿素氮检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。实验方案如下:按试剂盒说明书配制试剂,然后分别将20μL蒸馏水、标准溶液和样品吸入空白管、标准管和测量管,与工作溶液试剂混合,然后加入1mL试剂II和试剂III,37℃孵育10min,在640nm波长下测量。
4、血肌酐Cr和尿肌酐Cr检测实验
血清肌酐试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所,可用于血肌酐Cr和尿肌酐Cr检测。实验方案如下:按试剂盒说明书制备试剂,然后将蒸馏水、标准溶液和样品分别吸取1.6mL于空白管、标准管和测量管中,然后在每管中加入0.5mL试剂III和试剂IV,与工作溶液试剂混合,37℃孵育10min,自然冷却后在510nm波长下测量。
5、甘油三酯试验
甘油三酯检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。实验方案如下:按试剂盒说明书制备试剂,然后将20μL蒸馏水、标准溶液和样品分别吸入空白管、标准管和测量管,混合250μL工作液,37℃孵育10min,在510nm波长处测量,等待自然冷却。
6、血清胆固醇试验
胆固醇检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所;实验方案如下:按试剂盒说明书制备试剂,然后将10μL蒸馏水、标准溶液和样品分别吸入空白管、标准管和测量管,与1000μL工作溶液试剂混合,然后在37℃孵育10min,在510nm波长下测量。
7、β2微球蛋白检测
β2微球蛋白检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。实验步骤如下:按试剂盒说明书制备试剂,按照样本/标准品各10μL和800μL R1溶液混匀,然后在37℃孵育5min;然后加入200μL R2溶液在37℃孵育60s后,在600nm波长下测量读取吸光度A1;37℃孵育4min后,在600nm波长下测量读取吸光度A2,随后计算测量浓度。
8、尿微量蛋白检测
尿微量蛋白检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。实验步骤如下:按试剂盒说明书制备试剂,然后将6μL的标准溶液和样品分别吸入空白管和测量管,与200μL的试剂一、50μL的试剂二混匀后340nm波长读取吸光度A0;37℃孵育5min测量吸光度A1,随后按照公式计算浓度。
9、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)检测
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。实验步骤如下:按试剂盒说明书制备试剂,然后将10μL蒸馏水、标准溶液和样品分别吸入空白管、标准管和测量管,与750μL的R1试剂混匀后37℃孵育5min,546nm波长读取吸光度A1;随后加入R2试剂205μL,37℃孵育5min后测量吸光度A2,随后计算浓度。
10、ELISA法检测大鼠组织样本中的炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达
实验步骤按照说明书进行:从已平衡至室温的密封袋中取出试验所需板条,未用的板条和干燥剂请放回铝箔袋内压实自封条,密封口袋,放回4℃。空白孔加标准品&标本通用稀释液,其余相应孔中加标本或不同浓度标准品(100μL/孔),用封板胶纸封住反应孔,37℃孵箱孵育90分钟。提前20分钟准备生物素化抗体工作液。洗板5次。空白孔加生物素化抗体稀释液,其余孔加入生物素化抗体工作液(100μL/孔)。用新封板胶纸封住反应孔,37℃孵箱孵育60分钟。提前20分钟准备酶结合物工作液。避光室温(22-25℃)放置。洗板5次。空白孔加酶结合物稀释液,其余孔加入酶结合物工作液(100μL/孔)。用新封板胶纸封住反应孔,37℃孵箱,避光孵育30分钟。打开酶标仪电源,预热仪器,设置好检测程序。洗板5次。加入显色底物(TMB)100μL/孔,避光37℃孵箱,避光孵育15分钟。加入反应终止液100μL/孔,混匀后即刻于SpectraMax 190全波长酶标仪上进行测定(美国Molecular Devices公司)测量OD450值。以标准品浓度为横坐标,吸光度OD值为纵坐标,用软件绘制标准曲线,样品中IL-1β含量可通过对应OD值由标准曲线换算出相应的浓度。
11、大鼠血清、肾脏样品中的丙二醛(MDA)含量的测定
大鼠血清、肾脏样品中的丙二醛(MDA)含量采用硫代巴比妥酸(ThibabituricAcid TBA)法进行测定,过氧化脂质降解产物中的丙二醛(MDA)可与硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)缩合,形成红色产物,在532nm处有最大吸收峰。TBA试剂盒购买于南京建成生物工程研究所。具体方法如下:按照试剂盒说明书准备试剂一,试剂二和试剂三以及标准品,准备空白管(无水乙醇0.1mL),标准管(10nmol/mL,0.1mL),测定管(待测样本0.1mL)以及对照管(待测样本0.1mL),每组三个重复。加入试剂一0.1mL振荡混匀后,分别加入3mL试剂二和1mL试剂一,盖上离心管盖,用针在盖上扎一小孔,旋涡混匀器混匀,95℃水浴40分钟,取出后流水冷却,然后4000转/分,离心10分钟,(3000转/分以下离心时间需延长,目的使沉淀完全)。取上清200μL至96孔酶标板,波长532mm,于SpectraMax 190全波长酶标仪上进行测定(美国Molecular Devices公司)测定各孔吸光度值。计算公式:
12、大鼠血清中SOD酶活测定
使用的试剂盒为总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)测定试剂盒(WST-1法),购买于南京建成生物工程研究所。实验方法如下:按照试剂盒说明书准备蒸馏水,酶工作液,酶稀释液和底物应用液,设置阴性对照组(不加待测样本),空白对照组(不加待测样本和酶工作液),样本组以及样本对照组(加待测样本,但不加酶工作液)。按照下表进行试剂的添加,混匀后37℃孵育20min,450nm处于SpectraMax 190全波长酶标仪上进行测定(美国Molecular Devices公司)。
表1
对照组 | 空白对照组 | 待测样本组 | 样本对照组 | |
待测样本(μL) | 20 | 20 | ||
蒸馏水(μL) | 20 | 20 | ||
酶工作液(μL) | 20 | 20 | ||
酶稀释液(μL) | 20 | 20 | ||
底物应用液(μL) | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
13、ALT(谷丙转氨酶)、AST(谷草转氨酶)含量检测
ALT(谷丙转氨酶)、AST(谷草转氨酶)检测试剂盒购买于南京建成生物工程研究所,检测方法参考说明书。
14、α1微球白蛋白含量,血红蛋白含量,胰岛素含量,AGEs(糖基化终产物)含量,LPS含量以及C肽含量以及TP含量的测定
血红蛋白含量检测试剂盒,α1含量检测试剂盒,胰岛素含量检测试剂盒,AGEs(糖基化终产物)含量检测试剂盒,LPS含量检测试剂盒,TP检测试剂盒以及C肽含量检测试剂盒购买于南京建成生物工程研究所,检测方法参考说明书。
15、血糖和TP检测
血糖检测试剂盒和TP检测试剂盒购买于南京建成生物工程研究所。实验步骤参考试剂盒说明书。
16、ALT(谷丙转氨酶)含量和AST(谷草转氨酶)含量测定
ALT(谷丙转氨酶)检测试剂盒和AST(谷草转氨酶)检测试剂盒购买于南京建成生物工程研究所。实验步骤参考试剂盒说明书。
17、HE染色
(1)脱蜡,脱蜡二甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ各10分钟,事先准备好盖玻片;(2)覆水,100%(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)、90%、80%、70%酒精各5分钟,自来水冲洗5分钟×3次;(3)苏木精染色5分钟,根据染色情况,可以适当增加或减少染色时间,流水冲洗;(4)5%乙酸分化1分钟,流水冲洗,用吸管滴加乙酸,布满玻片上的组织即可,分化后颜色变浅了一些,成为蓝色;(5)返蓝;(6)伊红染色1分钟,根据染色情况,可以适当增加或减少染色时间,流水冲洗;(7)脱水:70%、80%、90%、100%酒精各10秒,二甲苯1分钟,可以在通风橱自然晾干5min左右再封片;(8)滴上中性树胶,封片,用吸管滴上一滴即可,尽量少滴,但压片后要将组织全部覆盖完,避免中间有气泡。
18、PAS染色
(1)石蜡切片脱蜡至水(细胞涂片,冰冻切片直接水洗);(2)蒸馏水洗;(3)过碘酸酒清夜10min;(4)自来水冲洗10min;(5)Schiff氏液10min;(6)流水冲洗5min;(7)用哈瑞苏木精或迈耶苏木精染核3min(细胞核染色过深可用盐酸酒精分化);(8)流水冲洗5min;(9)常规脱水、透明、封固;(10)显微镜观察。
19、扫描电镜观察组织切片
切片组织采用2.5-4%的戊二醛中固定(2h以上,可于4度放至几天),然后再次离心,用丙酮逐级脱水(30%,50%,70%,80%,90%,100%,100%)再用叔丁醇置换,然后真空冷冻干燥,接下来将细胞粉(抽干应呈现为粉末状)涂抹在导电胶上,再将导电胶粘放到样品台上进行喷金处理,扫描电镜观察。
结果见图6至图13。
根据图6可知,实验期间,正常对照组(Normal)大鼠体重随时间逐渐增加,血糖和尿量则无明显改变;糖尿病肾病模型组(模型组,DN)大鼠体重较正常组明显减轻,且随时间逐渐减轻,血糖和尿量较正常组明显增加;药物干预后各组大鼠体重、血糖及尿量较给药前无明显改变。图6中,Normal对应正常对照组,DN对应模型组,香豆素组对应DN+YSHS-02,阳性组(厄倍沙坦组)对应DN+lrb。
根据图7可知,药物组对大鼠肾功能情况改善情况明显,香豆素和厄贝沙坦能明显降低血清尿素氮、尿微量白蛋白、血肌酐含量;能明显降低尿总蛋白含量;能明显降低α微球白蛋白,β2微球白蛋白含量。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,vs.DN。
根据图8可知,香豆素能明显降低糖化血红蛋白含量,对血糖改善情况不明显,能增加血清中胰岛素含量,明显降低AGEs(糖基化终产物)含量,能明显降低LPS(脂多糖)含量以及增加C肽含量。
根据图9可知,香豆素改善大鼠血脂情况,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)能被明显降低;能改善肝功能,降低ALT(谷丙转氨酶)、AST(谷草转氨酶)含量。
根据图10可知,香豆素能增加SOD含量,降低MDA含量。图中,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.001,vs.DN。
图11是实验大鼠HE染色结果。根据图11可知:正常组:肾皮质中肾小球基底膜未见增厚,毛细血管球系膜细胞未见增生,毛细血管未见扩张,肾小球未见硬化,肾小管上皮细胞未见空泡化,肾间质中未见纤维化改变,肾小管中未见坏死的炎性细胞;模型组:肾皮质中肾小球发生硬化性改变,肾小球基底膜明显增厚,周围肾小管上皮细胞发生明显的空泡化改变,肾小管中可见坏死的上皮细胞,周围可见明的炎性细胞浸润,间质中可见成纤维细胞增生,发生纤维化改变;香豆素组:肾皮质中肾小球毛细血管襻未发生硬化性改变,肾小球基底膜未见增厚,系膜细胞未见增生间质未见增厚,肾小管上皮细胞未见明显的空泡化改变,间质中未见纤维化改变。
图12为实验大鼠PAS染色片。根据图12可知:正常组:肾脏组织结构清晰可见,球囊壁光滑,毛细血管及系膜细胞、系膜基质分布正常,基底膜未见增厚;模型组:大鼠肾脏组织可见不同程度的基底膜增厚,系膜基质的增加,部分大鼠肾脏组织还可见到肾小球内毛细血管的扩张、肾小球硬化、肾小囊裂隙样改变以及肾小管上皮细胞的颗粒样变性和空泡样改变;香豆素组(DN+7-Hyd):和模型组相比,肾脏组织结构清晰可见,球囊壁变光滑,毛细血管及系膜细胞、系膜基质分布基本正常,基底膜未见增厚。
图13为扫描电镜结果。结果显示正常对照组常基底膜厚薄均匀,球囊层上皮细胞表面伸出许多细而长的足突,足突间保持一定的间距;糖尿病肾病模型组大鼠基底膜增厚,厚薄不均匀,部分区域呈局灶性增厚,足细胞突起肿胀,变短,并可见足突融合,小球内胶原纤维增多;香豆素组较模型组症状有改善。
表2、香豆素降低糖尿病肾病中的炎症因子表达(H-Glu+Ins+Y02为香豆素处理组)
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,便于具体和详细地理解本发明的技术方案,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利保护范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
应当理解,本领域技术人员在本发明提供的技术方案的基础上,通过合乎逻辑的分析、推理或者有限的试验得到的技术方案,均在本发明所述附权利要求的保护范围内。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求的内容为准,说明书及附图可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (10)
1.香豆素在制备预防或/和治疗糖尿病肾病的药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物包含香豆素以及药学上可接受的辅料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述辅料选自稀释剂、润湿剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、色香味调节剂、溶剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、抗氧剂、金属络合剂、惰性气体、防腐剂、局部止痛剂、pH调节剂以及等渗或等张调节剂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述稀释剂选自淀粉类、糖类、纤维素类以及无机盐类中的至少一种;或/和,所述润湿剂选自水以及乙醇中的至少一种;或/和,所述黏合剂选自淀粉浆、糊精、糖、纤维素衍生物、明胶、聚维酮以及聚乙二醇中的至少一种;或/和,所述崩解剂选自淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、表面活性剂以及泡腾崩解剂中的至少一种;或/和,所述润滑剂选自滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸镁、微粉硅胶以及聚乙二醇中的至少一种;或/和,所述色香味调节剂选自色素、香料、甜味剂、胶浆剂以及矫臭剂中的至少一种;或/和,所述溶剂选自水、乙醇、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、二甲基亚砜、液体石蜡、脂肪油以及乙酸乙酯中的至少一种;或/和,所述增溶剂选自吐温类、卖泽类、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚类、肥皂类、硫酸化物、以及磺酸化物中的至少一种;或/和,所述助溶剂选自有机酸及其盐类、酰胺及胺类化合物、无机盐、聚乙二醇、聚维酮以及甘油中的至少一种;或/和,所述乳化剂选自司盘类、吐温类、卖泽类、苄泽类、甘油脂肪酸酯、高级脂肪酸盐、硫酸化物、磺酸化物、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶、明胶、果胶、磷脂、琼脂、海藻酸钠、氢氧化物、二氧化硅以及皂土中的至少一种;或/和,所述助悬剂选自甘油、糖浆、阿拉伯胶、西黄耆胶、琼脂、海藻酸钠、纤维素衍生物、聚维酮、卡波普、聚乙烯醇以及触变胶中的至少一种;或/和,所述抗氧剂选自亚硫酸盐、焦亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、抗坏血酸、没食子酸及其酯类中的至少一种;或/和,所述金属络合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸二钠以及多羧酸化合物中的一种;或/和,所述惰性气体选自氮气以及二氧化碳中的一种;或/和,所述防腐剂选自尼泊金类、有机酸及其盐、季铵类化合物、醋酸氯己定、醇类、酚类以及挥发油中的至少一种;或/和,所述局部止痛剂选自苯甲醇、三氯叔丁醇、利多卡因以及普鲁卡因中的至少一种;或/和,所述pH调节剂选择盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、枸橼酸、酒石酸、醋酸、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、乙二胺、葡甲胺、磷酸盐、醋酸盐以及枸橼酸盐中的至少一种;或/和,所述等渗或等张调节剂选自葡萄糖、氯化钠、枸橼酸钠、山梨醇以及木糖醇中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为片剂。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为颗粒剂。
7.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为丸剂。
8.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为粉剂或者胶囊剂。
9.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为注射剂或者口服液。
10.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的给药途径包括静脉注射、腹腔注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射、口服给药、舌下给药、鼻腔给药或者经皮给药。
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