CN113956213A - 一类2,4-二取代噻唑结构的PPARα/δ双重激动剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一类2,4-二取代噻唑结构的PPARα/δ双重激动剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一类2,4-二取代噻唑结构的PPARα/δ双重激动剂及其应用。
背景技术
非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH),主要表现为不明原因的肝内脂肪蓄积,通常伴有炎症和细胞内损伤,好发于中老年特别是超重肥胖个体。NASH是一种以炎症和瘢痕组织为特征的脂肪肝疾病,进一步发展可导致肝硬化,并且在某些严重情况下可导致肝癌。在过去20年里,其前驱疾病—非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病率已翻倍,成为导致患慢性肝病及肝酶异常的首要原因。
NASH的发病机制现在比较公认的是“二次打击”学说。“第一次打击”是肝脏脂肪堆积,即肝细胞内脂质内流增加、脂肪酸β氧化能力下降、甘油三酯外流减少、胰岛素抵抗等;“第二次打击”是肝脏炎症反应及纤维化,主要表现为氧化应激增强及各种炎症因子增多、肝细胞坏死等。
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)家族包括三个亚型,分别是PPARα、PPARδ和PPARγ,三者均在代谢调控方面发挥重要作用。PPARα主要分别于肝细胞、心机细胞、棕色脂肪细胞上,调控脂质代谢和胆汁酸合成过程中所需基因蛋白的表达。激活PPARα会增加胆汁酸合成及转运基因例如CYP7A1、CYP27A1、UGT1A1、MDR3和ASBT等的转录翻译,结果是NF-κβ被抑制,进而导致白细胞因子IL-1β和IL-6的表达减少,炎症降低。PPARδ主要表达在肝细胞、Kupffer细胞、星形细胞上,激活PPARδ能够促进脂肪酸氧化、减少胆固醇吸收和合成、抵御炎症纤维化等作用。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足,提供一类2,4-二取代噻唑结构的PPARα/δ双重激动剂及其应用。
本发明的第一个目的在于,提供一类2,4-二取代噻唑结构的PPARα/δ双重激动剂,含有有效量的式(I)所示化合物或/和其药学上可接受的衍生物:
其中,R1和R2分别独立地选自氢原子、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、羟基、-OCH2O-、-OR5、-NH2、-NHR5、-NR5R6、Ar环;
其中,Ar环是任选自被0~5个选自取代基组a的基团取代的C6-C10芳基;
取代基组a包括:C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、卤素、氰基、氨基、羟基、-NHOH、-NH-O-(C1-C6烷基)、-NH-(C1-C6烷基)、-N(C1-C6烷基)2、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH-(C1-C6烷基)、-C(O)N(C1-C6烷基)2、-NHC(O)-(C1-C6烷基)、-NHC(O)-(C3-C8环烷基)、-N(C1-C6烷基)C(O)H、-N(C1-C6烷基)C(O)-(C1-C6烷基)、-NHC(O)NH2;
R3和R4分别独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、羟基、-OR5、-NH2、-NHR5、-NR5R6、卤素,并且R3和R4分别独立地位于苯环的2、3、5或6位;
其中R5和R6分别独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、卤化的C1-C6烷基。
进一步,所述的衍生物包括盐、酯、溶剂化物、水合物、异构体、晶型或其前药。
进一步,R1和R2分别独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、卤素,并且R1和R2分别独立地位于苯环的2、3或4位;R3和R4分别独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、卤素,并且R3和R4分别独立地位于苯环的2、3、5或6位。
进一步,所述的PPARα/δ双重激动剂结构式如下:
本发明的第二个目的在于,提供上述PPARα/δ双重激动剂在治疗和/或预防与PPARα/δ活性有关疾病的领域的应用,尤其是在糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、非酒精性脂肪肝领域的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供的化合物或/和其药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物、水合物、异构体、晶型或其前药可用于治疗和/或预防与PPARα/δ活性有关的疾病,例如糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、非酒精性脂肪肝等,对PPARα/δ具有良好的激动活性。
附图说明
图1体现了实施例6中化合物6对MCD饮食造成的NASH模型小鼠肝脏指标的影响。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
化合物1—2-(2,6-二甲基-4-((4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
步骤1:
取100mL茄形瓶,将取代的溴代苯乙酮(5mmol)溶于乙醇(30mL)中,加入硫代草氨酸乙酯(5mmol),80℃下回流6小时。TLC检测反应结束后,冷却至室温,旋干溶剂,用乙酸乙酯稀释后依次用1N碳酸氢钠水溶液、饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,最后有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,经硅胶柱层析纯化得到白色固体产物4-苯基噻唑-2-羧酸乙酯(产率73.8%)。
步骤2:
取100mL茄形瓶,将化合物4-苯基噻唑-2-羧酸乙酯(3mmol)溶于冰水浴的无水四氢呋喃中,氢化铝锂(12mmol)分批次加入反应液中,维持0℃反应。TLC检测反应结束后,加水淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,最后用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂得到无色油状产物(4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲醇(产率82.1%)。
步骤3:
取50mL茄形瓶,将化合物(4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲醇(2mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)中,加入三乙胺(3mmol),滴加甲磺酰氯(3mmol),室温反应。TLC检测反应结束后,加水淬灭反应,用DCM萃取反应液,合并有机相用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,最后用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂得到无色油状产物(4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲基甲磺酸酯(产率85.3%)。
步骤4:
取25mL茄形瓶,将化合物(4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲基甲磺酸酯(238mg,1mmol)和化合物2-(4-羟基-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸甲酯(1mmol)溶于无水DMF(3mL)中,加入无水碳酸钾(276mg,2mmol),氮气保护下80℃反应6小时。TLC检测反应结束后,加水淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,最后用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,经硅胶柱层析纯化得到白色固体产物2-(2,6-二甲基-4-((4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸甲酯(产率78.1%)。
步骤5:
取25mL茄形瓶,将化合物2-(2,6-二甲基-4-((4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸甲酯(0.5mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(2mL)中,加入2N NaOH水溶液(2mL),室温反应过夜。TLC检测反应结束后,加1N稀盐酸水溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应液,合并有机相用饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤,最后用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂得到白色固体产物2-(2,6-二甲基-4-((4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸(产率96.2%)。
实施例2
化合物2—2-(4-((4-(2-氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,将实施例1中步骤(1)中的起始原料溴代苯乙酮换成化合物2-氯-溴代苯乙酮,最终得到化合物2-(4-((4-(2-氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
实施例3
化合物3—2-(4-((4-(3-氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,将实施例1中步骤(1)中的起始原料溴代苯乙酮换成化合物3-氯-溴代苯乙酮,最终得到化合物2-(4-((4-(3-氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
实施例4
化合物4—2-(4-((4-(2,4-二氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,将实施例1中步骤(1)中的起始原料溴代苯乙酮换成化合物2,4-二氯-溴代苯乙酮,最终得到化合物2-(4-((4-(2,4-二氯苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
实施例5
化合物5—2-(2,6-二甲基-4-((4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,将实施例1中步骤(1)中的起始原料溴代苯乙酮换成化合物4-三氟甲基溴代苯乙酮,最终得到化合物2-(2,6-二甲基-4-((4-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
实施例6
化合物6—2-(4-((4-(2-甲氧基苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,将实施例1中步骤(1)中的起始原料溴代苯乙酮换成化合物2-甲氧基溴代苯乙酮,最终得到化合物2-(4-((4-(2-甲氧基苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
实施例7
化合物7—2-(4-((4-(3-甲氧基苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,最终得到化合物2-(4-((4-(3-甲氧基苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
实施例8
化合物8—2-(4-((4-(3,4-二氧杂环戊烷苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,最终得到化合物2-(4-((4-(3,4-二氧杂环戊烷苯基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
实施例9
化合物9—2-(4-((4-([1,1'-联苯基]-4-基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,最终得到2-(4-((4-([1,1'-联苯基]-4-基)噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
实施例10
化合物2—2-(2,6-二氟-4-((4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,最终得到2-(2,6-二氟-4-((4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
实施例11
化合物12—2-(3,5-二甲基-4-((4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸的制备:
该化合物的合成方法参考实施例1,最终得到2-(3,5-二甲基-4-((4-苯基噻唑-2-基)甲氧基)苯氧基)-2-甲基丙酸。
测试结果
本发明实施例1-11所得化合物的1H-NMR、HRMS的测试结果见表1。
表1化合物的1H-NMR、HRMS的测试结果
生物学评价
试验1:双荧光素酶报告基因实验
试剂:
名称 | 供货商 | 货号 |
MEM培养基 | Gibco | 31985070 |
Lipofectamine 2000 | Invitrogen | 11668-019 |
胎牛血清 | Gibco | 10091148 |
DMEM培养基 | Gibco | C11995500BT |
双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒 | Promega | E2P20 |
试验方法:
取对数生长期293T细胞以1.6×105个/mL接种细胞于24孔培养板中,每孔500μL,24h待细胞贴壁后,参照转染试剂说明书操作,分别转染PPARα+PPRE+海肾对照质粒,PPARδ+PPRE+海肾对照质粒分别构建PPARα和PPARδ报告基因评价体系。12小时之后,将阳性对照化合物GFT-505和测试化合物用培养基分别稀释至测试浓度1μM,加入24孔培养板中。12小时之后,按照双荧光素酶报告基因检测试剂盒的说明书操作,检测Luciferase值。计算结果萤火虫荧光素酶表达强度=萤火虫荧光强度/海肾荧光强度。
化合物筛选结果见表2。
表2
由表2中的试验数据可知,上述化合物对PPARα/δ具有良好的激动活性。
试验2:化合物6的体内抗NASH实验
实验方法:
用MCD饮食喂养db/db小鼠7周造NASH模型,造模的同时伴随给予化合物6和GFT-505,7周后处死小鼠取样检测。
结果如图1所示,与对照饮食组(Ctrl diet)相比,MCD饮食组(Vehicle)肝脏内总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平、血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平都显著上升,说明肝脏内脂质堆积伴随炎症纤维化反应。给药组化合物6和GFT-505均能明显下调血清ALT、肝脏内TC和TG水平。这表明化合物6具有明显的降脂和抗炎作用,能够发挥抗NASH作用。
药用片剂的制备:
将实施例6制备的化合物6(1g)与乳糖(23g)和微晶纤维素(5.7g)用混合机混合。用滚轴压紧机将所得混合物压制成型,值得薄片状压制物料。用锤式粉碎机将所述薄片状压制物料研磨成粉,使所得粉状物料通过20目筛过筛。将轻质二氧化硅(0.3g)和硬脂酸镁(0.3g)加入到已过筛的物料中,并混合。所得混合产物用制片机压片,制备片剂。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一类2,4-二取代噻唑结构的PPARα/δ双重激动剂,其特征在于,含有有效量的式(I)所示化合物或/和其药学上可接受的衍生物:
其中,R1和R2分别独立地选自氢原子、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、羟基、-OCH2O-、-OR5、-NH2、-NHR5、-NR5R6、Ar环;
其中,Ar环是任选自被0~5个选自取代基组a的基团取代的C6-C10芳基;
取代基组a包括:C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、卤素、氰基、氨基、羟基、-NHOH、-NH-O-(C1-C6烷基)、-NH-(C1-C6烷基)、-N(C1-C6烷基)2、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH-(C1-C6烷基)、-C(O)N(C1-C6烷基)2、-NHC(O)-(C1-C6烷基)、-NHC(O)-(C3-C8环烷基)、-N(C1-C6烷基)C(O)H、-N(C1-C6烷基)C(O)-(C1-C6烷基)、-NHC(O)NH2;
R3和R4分别独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、羟基、-OR5、-NH2、-NHR5、-NR5R6、卤素,并且R3和R4分别独立地位于苯环的2、3、5或6位;
其中R5和R6分别独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、卤化的C1-C6烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PPARα/δ双重激动剂,其特征在于,所述的衍生物包括盐、酯、溶剂化物、水合物、异构体、晶型或其前药。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的PPARα/δ双重激动剂,其特征在于,R1和R2分别独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、卤素,并且R1和R2分别独立地位于苯环的2、3或4位;R3和R4分别独立地选自氢原子、C1-C6烷基、卤化的C1-C6烷基、卤素,并且R3和R4分别独立地位于苯环的2、3、5或6位。
5.一种如权利要求1~4任一项所述的PPARα/δ双重激动剂在治疗和/或预防与PPARα/δ活性有关疾病的领域的应用。
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CN101304983A (zh) * | 2005-11-07 | 2008-11-12 | Irm责任有限公司 | 作为ppar调节剂的化合物和组合物 |
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US20030153579A1 (en) * | 1998-03-10 | 2003-08-14 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Carboxylic acid derivative and a pharmaceutical composition containing the derivative as active ingredient |
CN1780823A (zh) * | 2003-04-09 | 2006-05-31 | 日本烟草产业株式会社 | 杂芳族五环化合物及其医药应用 |
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