CN113951402A - 一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料、制作方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料、制作方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113951402A CN113951402A CN202111169284.3A CN202111169284A CN113951402A CN 113951402 A CN113951402 A CN 113951402A CN 202111169284 A CN202111169284 A CN 202111169284A CN 113951402 A CN113951402 A CN 113951402A
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- parts
- feed
- hermetia illucens
- cynoglossus semilaevis
- powder
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 241001014350 Cynoglossus semilaevis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 241000709785 Hermetia illucens Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VNFPBHJOKIVQEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N clotrimazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C(N1C=NC=C1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VNFPBHJOKIVQEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229960004022 clotrimazole Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(OCC)=CC=C21 AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004258 Ethoxyquin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyquin Chemical compound N1C(C)(C)C=C(C)C2=CC(OCC)=CC=C21 DECIPOUIJURFOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093500 ethoxyquin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 7
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 5
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940118019 malondialdehyde Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241001527050 Cynoglossus Species 0.000 description 2
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- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanobenzohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C#N TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000008934 Muscle Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010074084 Muscle Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037356 lipid metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/132—Heterocyclic compounds containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，所述饲料由以下质量份数的组份组成：脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉14.41～43.22份、鱼粉：15.48～46.33份、发酵豆粕：13.5份、破壁酵母：4份、虾粉：6份、谷朊粉：3.67～4.20份、鱼油：7.0～9.2份、复合维生素：1.5份、复合矿物质：0.1份、磷酸二氢钙：1.4份、50％氯化胆碱：1份、赖氨酸：0.15～0.42份、甲硫氨酸：0.05～0.15份、聚丙烯酸钠：0.3份、克霉灵：0.03份、乙氧基喹啉干粉：0.03份；以上原料的质量份数之和为100份。本发明利用脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉部分替代半滑舌鳎常规饲料配方中的鱼粉，降低了鱼粉用量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产饲料技术领域，尤其是一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料、方法和应用。
背景技术
半滑舌鳎属鲽形目、舌鳎科、舌鳎属，是我国特有的暖温性近海水底栖性鱼类，在中国沿岸海域均有分布，以渤海水域分布数量最多。其个体大、生长快，肉味鲜美、无腥味，含肉率高，鱼肉久煮而不老，属高蛋白、营养物质含量丰富的名贵海水鱼，深受广大消费者欢迎；又因其需求量大，经济价值较高，也是养殖户钟爱的养殖品种之一，近年来其集约化养殖规模越来越大。但是，随着半滑舌鳎集约化养殖规模的提高，水产饲料需求激增，致使饲料供求，特别是饲料蛋白源的供求矛盾日益突出。另外，因人工配合饲料的大量使用，也造成人工养殖半滑舌鳎在肉质口感和营养风味上与野生群体有了较大差距。因此，开发其它鱼粉替代性蛋白源，创新饲料配方，在促进半滑舌鳎生长和健康水平的前提下，又能改善肉质口感和营养风味，对半滑舌鳎健康养殖业具有重要的推动作用。
黑水虻是一种双翅目水虻科昆虫，其幼虫营腐生性，能够将各类有机废弃物转化为自身的生物量，吸收转化率高，是可再生的优质动物蛋白资源。黑水虻虫粉中各营养成分含量丰富，氨基酸组成均衡，必需氨基酸总量是鱼粉的近2倍，其中，蛋氨酸、赖氨酸含量远超其在鱼粉中的含量水平。另外，虫粉中饱和脂肪酸的含量也极高，尤其是肉豆蔻酸和月桂酸成分，其中，月桂酸成分具有强杀菌作用，可以有效提高饲养动物的免疫抗病能力。更值得注意的是，虫粉中的亚油酸及Σn-6不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量也要远远高于其在鱼粉中的含量水平。再者，虫粉中也富含镁、锰、锌、硒、铜等微量元素及维生素成分。由此可见，黑水虻幼虫营养成分全面，且含量丰富，可满足养殖动物的营养需求，可作为替代鱼粉的优质饲料蛋白源。经脱脂处理的虫粉，不仅可以进一步富集营养成分、提高虫粉中蛋白质和有益成分的相对含量，还能够在储存过程中，最大限度地减少营养成分的变化，降低脂质氧化的风险。
通过检索，尚未发现与本发明专利申请相关的专利公开文献。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术中的不足之处，提供一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料、方法和应用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，所述饲料由以下质量份数的组份组成：
脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉14.41～43.22份、鱼粉：15.48～46.33份、发酵豆粕：13.5份、破壁酵母：4份、虾粉：6份、谷朊粉：3.67～4.20份、鱼油：7.0～9.2份、复合维生素：1.5份、复合矿物质：0.1份、磷酸二氢钙：1.4份、50％氯化胆碱：1份、赖氨酸：0.15～0.42份、甲硫氨酸：0.05～0.15份、聚丙烯酸钠：0.3份、克霉灵：0.03份、乙氧基喹啉干粉：0.03份；
以上原料的质量份数之和为100份。
进一步地，所述半滑舌鳎饲料含粗蛋白53.93～56.62％、粗脂肪10.4～10.5％。
进一步地，所述脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉由黑水虻鲜活幼虫，经60℃低温烘干后，研磨成粉，再采用挤压法进行脱脂处理而成。
进一步地，所述黑水虻鲜活幼虫的均重为220±10mg/条。
进一步地，所述黑水虻鲜活幼虫的成分干重含量为：粗蛋白52.98±0.02％、粗脂肪2.18±0.00％、粗灰分26.59±0.00％。
进一步地，所述半滑舌鳎饲料适合投喂体重100g以上的半滑舌鳎。
如上所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料的制备方法，步骤如下：
S1.将黑水虻幼虫在60℃低温烘干后，研磨成粉，再采用挤压法进行脱脂处理，获得饲料原料脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉；
S2.将脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉、鱼粉、发酵豆粕、虾粉进行粉碎并过60目筛网；
S3.称取步骤S2所得饲料原料，按比例加入破壁酵母、谷朊粉、复合维生素、复合矿物质、磷酸二氢钙、50％氯化胆碱、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、聚丙烯酸钠、克霉灵、乙氧基喹啉干粉，并逐级搅拌混匀；
S4.将步骤S3所得饲料混料中按比例加入鱼油，并混匀；
S5.在步骤S4所得粉状饲料中加水，制成饲料颗粒，烘干，即得含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料。
如上所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料的使用方法，步骤如下：
体重100g以上的半滑舌鳎，饲料日投喂量占鱼体重的0.8％-1.1％，每日分2-3次投喂，能够完全替代半滑舌鳎商品饲料。
如上所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料在半滑舌鳎养殖方面中的应用。
本发明取得的优点和积极效果为：
1、本发明利用脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉部分替代半滑舌鳎常规饲料配方中的鱼粉，降低了鱼粉用量。与商品饲料相比，该饲料对半滑舌鳎存活、生长无不利影响，而且能提高鱼肉中的蛋白含量，促进鱼体脂质代谢(总胆固醇显著降低)，改善半滑舌鳎肌肉品质(肌肉蒸煮损失率、滴水损失率、冷冻渗出率)。黑水虻幼虫是利用餐厨垃圾饲养获得，使餐厨垃圾变废为宝，节约了资源。具体如表1所示。
表1脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎生长、肌肉蛋白、血清胆固醇和肌肉品质的影响
注：同列数据肩标*的，表示与对比例差异显著(P<0.05)
2、本发明开发一种新的鱼粉替代性蛋白源，提高资源利用率。最佳比例替代鱼粉后制成半滑舌鳎饲料，具有促进半滑舌鳎生长，提高半滑舌鳎健康水平(肌肉超氧化物歧化酶SOD、总抗氧化能力T-AOC、过氧化氢酶CAT、丙二醛MDA)和成活率，改善半滑舌鳎肌肉口感和品质的作用。具体如表2、表3所示。
表2脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎生长、肌肉抗氧化能力和存活的影响
表3脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎肌肉品质的影响
3、本发明半滑舌鳎饲料含粗蛋白53.93～56.62％、粗脂肪10.4～10.5％，适合投喂体重100g及以上的半滑舌鳎。本发明通过脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉部分替代鱼粉，以降低饲料中鱼粉用量，在不影响半滑舌鳎生长的前提下，能显著提升半滑舌鳎存活率(95％-100％，对照组92％-95％)，提高鱼体中总蛋白水平(92.61％-93.56％，对照组88.63％-91.23％)，增强半滑舌鳎肌肉的抗氧化能力，并降低鱼肉的蒸煮损失、滴水损失和冷冻渗出率等，改善半滑舌鳎鱼肉品质。具体如表4、表5所示。
表4脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎肌肉抗氧化能力的影响
表5脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎肌肉品质的影响
具体实施方式
下面详细叙述本发明的实施例，需要说明的是，本实施例是叙述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
本发明中所使用的原料，如无特殊说明，均为常规的市售产品；本发明中所使用的方法，如无特殊说明，均为本领域的常规方法。
一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，所述饲料由以下质量份数的组份组成：
脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉14.41～43.22份、鱼粉：15.48～46.33份、发酵豆粕：13.5份、破壁酵母：4份、虾粉：6份、谷朊粉：3.67～4.20份、鱼油：7.0～9.2份、复合维生素：1.5份、复合矿物质：0.1份、磷酸二氢钙：1.4份、50％氯化胆碱：1份、赖氨酸：0.15～0.42份、甲硫氨酸：0.05～0.15份、聚丙烯酸钠：0.3份、克霉灵：0.03份、乙氧基喹啉干粉：0.03份；
以上原料的质量份数之和为100份。
较优地，所述半滑舌鳎饲料含粗蛋白53.93～56.62％、粗脂肪10.4～10.5％。
较优地，所述脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉由黑水虻鲜活幼虫，经60℃低温烘干后，研磨成粉，再采用挤压法进行脱脂处理而成。
较优地，所述黑水虻鲜活幼虫的均重为220±10mg/条。
较优地，所述黑水虻鲜活幼虫的成分干重含量为：粗蛋白52.98±0.02％、粗脂肪2.18±0.00％、粗灰分26.59±0.00％。
较优地，所述半滑舌鳎饲料适合投喂体重100g以上的半滑舌鳎。
如上所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料的制备方法，步骤如下：
S1.将黑水虻幼虫在60℃低温烘干后，研磨成粉，再采用挤压法进行脱脂处理，获得饲料原料脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉；
S2.将脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉、鱼粉、发酵豆粕、虾粉进行粉碎并过60目筛网；
S3.称取步骤S2所得饲料原料，按比例加入破壁酵母、谷朊粉、复合维生素、复合矿物质、磷酸二氢钙、50％氯化胆碱、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、聚丙烯酸钠、克霉灵、乙氧基喹啉干粉，并逐级搅拌混匀；
S4.将步骤S3所得饲料混料中按比例加入鱼油，并混匀；
S5.在步骤S4所得粉状饲料中加水，制成饲料颗粒，烘干，即得含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料。
如上所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料的使用方法，步骤如下：
体重100g以上的半滑舌鳎，饲料日投喂量占鱼体重的0.8％-1.1％，每日分2-3次投喂，能够完全替代半滑舌鳎商品饲料。
如上所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料在半滑舌鳎养殖方面中的应用。
具体地，相关制备及检测实施例如下：
本发明所用原料脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉，由黑水虻鲜活幼虫(均重≈220mg/条)，经60℃低温烘干后，研磨成粉，再采用挤压法进行脱脂处理而成。其常规成分干重含量：粗蛋白52.98±0.02％、粗脂肪2.18±0.00％、粗灰分26.59±0.00％。
实施例1
一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，该饲料包括以下重量组份：
脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉14.41％、鱼粉：46.33％、发酵豆粕：13.5％、破壁酵母：4％、虾粉：6％、谷朊粉：4.2％、鱼油：7％、复合维生素：1.5％、复合矿物质：0.1％、磷酸二氢钙：1.4％、50％氯化胆碱：1％、赖氨酸：0.15％、甲硫氨酸：0.05％、聚丙烯酸钠：0.3％、克霉灵：0.03％、乙氧基喹啉干粉：0.03％；以上原料的质量百分比之和为100％。
按上述比例制成的饲料，连续投喂初始体质量为550±50g的半滑舌鳎65天。结果表明，与替代水平为0％的对照组(半滑舌鳎商品饲料)相比，半滑舌鳎存活率提高5.0％，增重率和特定生长率无显著差异，同时，半滑舌鳎血清中总蛋白含量上升，甘油三酯水平下降。另外，该发明饲料的投喂还可有效提升半滑舌鳎肌肉的抗氧化能力(总SOD(T-SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强，脂质过氧化物产物丙二醛(MDA)含量下降)，并降低鱼肉的蒸煮损失、滴水损失和冷冻渗出率等，明显改善鱼肉品质。具体如表6至表8所示。
表6脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎生长性能的影响
表7脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎肌肉抗氧化能力的影响
表8脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎肌肉品质的影响
实施例2
一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，该饲料包括以下重量组份：
脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉43.22％、鱼粉：15.48％、发酵豆粕：13.5％、破壁酵母：4％、虾粉：6％、谷朊粉：3.67％、鱼油：9.2％、复合维生素：1.5％、复合矿物质：0.1％、磷酸二氢钙：1.4％、50％氯化胆碱：1％、赖氨酸：0.42％、甲硫氨酸：0.15％、聚丙烯酸钠：0.3％、克霉灵：0.03％、乙氧基喹啉干粉：0.03％；以上原料的质量百分比之和为100％。
用按上述比例制成的半滑舌鳎饲料连续投喂初始体质量为550±50g的半滑舌鳎65天后发现，与对照组(半滑舌鳎商品饲料)相比，半滑舌鳎存活率提高5.0％，增重率无显著差异，特定生长率明显提高。同时，半滑舌鳎血清中抗氧化指标中超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶活力明显高于对照组，脂质过氧化物产物丙二醛低于对照组，肠道胰蛋白酶活力高于对照组。另外，该发明饲料还可并降低鱼肉的蒸煮损失和冷冻渗出率等，明显改善鱼肉品质。具体如表9至表11所示。
表9脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎生长、肌肉抗氧化能力和存活的影响
表10脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎肠道消化酶的影响
表11脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对半滑舌鳎肌肉品质的影响
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的实施例，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内，各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的，因此，本发明的范围不局限于实施例所公开的内容。
Claims (9)
1.一种含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，其特征在于：所述饲料由以下质量份数的组份组成：
脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉14.41～43.22份、鱼粉：15.48～46.33份、发酵豆粕：13.5份、破壁酵母：4份、虾粉：6份、谷朊粉：3.67～4.20份、鱼油：7.0～9.2份、复合维生素：1.5份、复合矿物质：0.1份、磷酸二氢钙：1.4份、50％氯化胆碱：1份、赖氨酸：0.15～0.42份、甲硫氨酸：0.05～0.15份、聚丙烯酸钠：0.3份、克霉灵：0.03份、乙氧基喹啉干粉：0.03份；
以上原料的质量份数之和为100份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，其特征在于：所述半滑舌鳎饲料含粗蛋白53.93～56.62％、粗脂肪10.4～10.5％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，其特征在于：所述脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉由黑水虻鲜活幼虫，经60℃低温烘干后，研磨成粉，再采用挤压法进行脱脂处理而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，其特征在于：所述黑水虻鲜活幼虫的均重为220±10mg/条。
5.根据权利要求3所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，其特征在于：所述黑水虻鲜活幼虫的成分干重含量为：粗蛋白52.98±0.02％、粗脂肪2.18±0.00％、粗灰分26.59±0.00％。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料，其特征在于：所述半滑舌鳎饲料适合投喂体重100g以上的半滑舌鳎。
7.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤如下：
S1.将黑水虻幼虫在60℃低温烘干后，研磨成粉，再采用挤压法进行脱脂处理，获得饲料原料脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉；
S2.将脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉、鱼粉、发酵豆粕、虾粉进行粉碎并过60目筛网；
S3.称取步骤S2所得饲料原料，按比例加入破壁酵母、谷朊粉、复合维生素、复合矿物质、磷酸二氢钙、50％氯化胆碱、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、聚丙烯酸钠、克霉灵、乙氧基喹啉干粉，并逐级搅拌混匀；
S4.将步骤S3所得饲料混料中按比例加入鱼油，并混匀；
S5.在步骤S4所得粉状饲料中加水，制成饲料颗粒，烘干，即得含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料。
8.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料的使用方法，其特征在于：步骤如下：
体重100g以上的半滑舌鳎，饲料日投喂量占鱼体重的0.8％-1.1％，每日分2-3次投喂，能够完全替代半滑舌鳎商品饲料。
9.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的含脱脂黑水虻幼虫粉的半滑舌鳎饲料在半滑舌鳎养殖方面中的应用。
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