CN113951283A

CN113951283A - Fermented pesticide and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113951283A
Application number: CN202111094321.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 毛升明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-09-17
Filing date: 2021-09-17
Publication date: 2022-01-21

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of compound insecticides, and particularly relates to a fermentation insecticide and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a fermented pesticide by carrying out combined fermentation on plant raw materials containing traditional Chinese medicine components and EM original liquid, wherein the fermented pesticide is prepared by extracting natural components from the plant raw materials by using an extracting agent and fermenting by using a fermenting agent; the plant is a plant containing spicy components, and the ratio of the plant raw materials, the leavening agent and the extracting agent is 2:1 (20-25). The leaven is functional flora containing EM original liquid, or edible vinegar; the extracting agent is alcohol with volume fraction of 95% or pure ethanol; the plant refers to pepper and/or hot pepper. Test results prove that the fermented pesticide is used for killing red spiders, aphids, peach mites and other pests in fruit trees and crops, and has a good pest killing effect.

Description

Fermented pesticide and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of compound insecticides, and particularly relates to a fermentation insecticide and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

In the field of crop planting, red spiders are common destructors, and the damage mode of the red spiders is that a mouth organ penetrates into leaves to suck, so that the leaves are damaged, and the phenomena of plaques, orange yellow and falling off occur. The red spider has strong reproductive capacity, and can reproduce rapidly and seriously under the high-temperature and arid climate conditions. In the prior art, insecticides can be divided into: inorganic and mineral insecticides, botanical insecticides, organic synthetic insecticides, and insect hormone insecticides. At present, the medicines used for preventing and treating red spider, such as nimbin, propargite, pyridaben, fenpyroximate, abamectin, etc., all belong to plant insecticides.

In addition, although the antibiotic pesticide and the organic synthetic pesticide which are used as the insect hormone pesticide can still have good insecticidal effect in the existing application process, the following main problems exist: (1) the drug has single component, the drug resistance of pests is stronger and stronger after long-term use, the effective using amount of the drug is larger and larger, and the effect is poorer and poorer; (2) environmental pollution; (3) eating residual animals and plants containing drugs can also present a potential hazard to human health.

With the enhancement of the drug resistance of pests to pesticides, the destruction of organic pesticides to environmental pollution and ecological balance, and the like becoming the focus of global attention, the way of killing pests by biological control technology is more and more emphasized.

In recent years, in the agricultural cultivation process, the purpose of planting or preventing and controlling is often realized by adopting a method for constructing functional flora, and the functional flora can realize soil conservation, promote disease resistance and insect inhibition of crops, enhance immunity, promote robust growth, and achieve high yield and high quality through intergrowth and synergistic promotion.

EM original refers to EM (Effective Microorganisms) and is also an Effective microorganism group. As a class of functional flora which has been rapidly developed in recent years, the EM stock solution includes more than 10 kinds of microorganisms belonging to 80 kinds, such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, and fermentation filamentous bacteria, and is a microbial agent having both anaerobic property and aerobic property. Various microorganisms in the EM original liquid are symbiotic and interactive, and the EM original liquid shows good effects on promoting plant growth, improving the disease resistance of livestock and poultry, removing excrement stink and improving the ecological environment. After the EM original liquid is used by crops, the EM original liquid can stably occupy ecological niches in soil, a beneficial microbial dominant community is formed, the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil and the attack on the crops are effectively inhibited, and the disease-resistant effect is achieved. The EM original liquid can also inhibit the survival and the propagation of toxic microorganisms and enhance the metabolic function of crops. The EM original liquid is used as a new agricultural microbial inoculum in the field of agricultural planting, is a development direction of ecological agriculture, and is more beneficial to sustainable development of agriculture.

The pepper is a special Chinese medicinal material and edible spicy seasoning, has wide application, is taken as a Chinese medicinal material, is originally recorded in compendium of materia medica in China, and has the effects of dispelling cold and removing dampness, promoting digestion and resolving depression, tonifying kidney and warming stomach, stopping diarrhea and killing insects and the like. Modern scientific research shows that the pepper contains antibacterial components, the antibacterial action of the pepper is one of the important functional activities of the pepper, and the pepper has wide application prospects in the field of natural preservatives (sweet, savory, sunic, cao, bojiang waves, plum mountain. extraction of pepper volatile oil, component analysis and pharmacological action research summary [ J ] Chinese journal of traditional Chinese medicine information, 2018,25(08): 129-plus 132.).

In China, the pepper is used as one of the main spices, the used method is that the pepper is directly used after being picked and dried in the air mostly traditionally, in recent years, document reports show that the pepper volatile oil has strong insecticidal and anthelmintic activities, and has the advantages of low toxicity, low residue and small influence on the environment, so the pepper volatile oil is a plant insecticide raw material with great development and utilization values, experiments prove that the laurocapram and the dimethyl sulfoxide in the pepper can promote the volatile oil to enter fungal cells to accelerate cell death, and the pepper volatile oil can be used for developing medicinal products with bacteriostasis or sterilization.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the inventor provides a fermented pesticide by carrying out combined fermentation on plant raw materials containing traditional Chinese medicine components and EM original liquid through long-term practice and exploration. Test results prove that the fermented pesticide is used for killing red spiders, aphids, peach mites and other pests in fruit trees and crops, and has a good pest killing effect.

The invention also aims to provide the application of the fermented pesticide in killing pests in fruit trees and crops.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a fermented pesticide is prepared by extracting natural components from plant materials with an extractant, and fermenting with a starter; the plant refers to a plant containing pungent components.

In the preparation process of the fermented pesticide, the ratio of the plant raw materials to the leavening agent to the extracting agent is 2:1 (20-25).

Specifically, the leavening agent can be functional flora containing EM original liquid or EM original liquid.

Further preferably, the leavening agent can also be edible vinegar, and the edible vinegar is Shanxi mature vinegar which is rich in Monascus purpureus went, Candida, Hansenula polymorpha, surface mucor, acetic acid bacteria and the like.

Specifically, the extracting agent is alcohol with a volume fraction of 95%, or pure ethanol.

Specifically, the plant refers to pepper and/or hot pepper.

More preferably, the plant material may be pulverized pepper fruits, stems, leaves, etc., or pulverized pepper fruits, stems, leaves, etc.

Specifically, the pepper fruits are pepper fruits picked in 9 months after pepper trees are planted in 3 months in the year and are subjected to conventional cultivation management.

Specifically, the variety of the pepper is one of clovershrub, red pepper and nine-leaf green.

Specifically, the pepper is one of Sichuan gold bar, Yunnan capsicum frutescens, Xinjiang Yidu red pepper, Shaanxi linea pepper and Indian ghost pepper.

The preparation method of the fermented pesticide comprises the following steps:

(1) leaching the crushed plant raw materials in an extracting agent for 24-48 hours to obtain a leaching solution, wherein the leaching temperature is 30-32 ℃;

(2) then, putting a leaven into the leaching liquor obtained in the step (1) to obtain fermented raw pulp, adding water into the fermented raw pulp to ferment for 48-36 hours, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30-32 ℃, and obtaining a solid-liquid mixture after fermentation;

(3) and (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solid-liquid mixture obtained in the step (2) to obtain the liquid fermented pesticide.

Specifically, the dosage of the plant material and the extractant in the step (1) is 30-50kg and 500kg of 300-.

Preferably, the fermentation step in step (2) includes aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, and the aerobic fermentation specifically includes the following steps: adding water into the fermented protoplasm, placing the fermented protoplasm in a stirring tank, adding oxygen (stirring speed is 50-80 r/min) into a stirring paddle in the stirring tank to realize aerobic fermentation (the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 30-32 ℃) to obtain fermented serous fluid, and pumping the fermented serous fluid in the stirring tank into a storage tank through a gear pump to perform anaerobic fermentation (the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 30-35 ℃).

Specifically, the using amount of the leavening agent in the step (2) is 15-25 kg; the amount of water added into the fermentation raw stock in the step (2) is 600-800 kg.

Specifically, the fermentation liquor obtained by solid-liquid separation in the step (3) can be conveyed into a filling machine in a pipeline conveying mode for filling, and batch production can be realized.

Specifically, solid-liquid separation in the step (3) is carried out in a filtering mode, and a 3-10-mesh screen is used for filtering during filtering.

Preferably, in order to increase the yield of the fermented pesticide, the solid obtained by solid-liquid separation in the step (3) is leached again by the extractant in the step (1), and then the leaching liquor is mixed with the liquid fermented pesticide.

Further, the application also provides application of the fermented pesticide in killing pests of fruit trees and crops.

Specifically, the crops comprise vegetable crops and food crops.

Specifically, when the liquid fermentation insecticide is applied, a surfactant and a stabilizer are added into the liquid fermentation insecticide to form a microemulsion, and then water is added to dilute the microemulsion to form a spraying agent for spraying.

Further, the microemulsion is prepared by the following steps:

and compounding the liquid fermented pesticide with a surfactant and a stabilizer according to a certain ratio.

Specifically, the mass ratio of the liquid fermentation insecticide to the surfactant is 5 (1-2); the mass ratio of the liquid fermentation insecticide to the stabilizer is 5 (1-2).

Specifically, the surfactant is one of surfactants 2201, 0201B, NP-10 and NP-20; the stabilizer is one of methanol, glycerol and isopropanol.

Specifically, the content (mass percentage) of the effective components in the microemulsion is 6-10%, and the effective components in the liquid pesticide comprise functional flora containing EM original liquid or EM original liquid and natural components extracted from plant raw materials.

Specifically, when the spraying agent is prepared, the microemulsion and water are mixed according to the ratio of 1: (15-20) in a mass ratio.

Further, when the spraying agent is applied, the specific spraying dosage of the spraying agent is as follows: the dosage is 20-30 ml/mu for red spiders and aphids, and 90-110 ml/mu for peach worms and cabbage worms.

Further, the application also provides a microemulsion containing the fermented pesticide, wherein the content (mass percentage) of the effective components in the microemulsion is 6-10%, and the effective components in the liquid pesticide comprise functional flora containing EM original liquid or EM original liquid and natural components extracted from plant raw materials.

Specifically, the microemulsion is prepared by the following steps:

the liquid fermented pesticide and the surfactant are compounded according to the mass ratio of 5 (1-2) and the liquid fermented pesticide and the stabilizer according to the mass ratio of 5 (1-2).

Specifically, the surfactant is one of surfactants 2201, 0201B, NP-10 and NP-20.

Specifically, the stabilizer is one of methanol, glycerol and isopropanol.

The action mechanism of the combined application of the leavening agent, the extracting agent and the natural components in the plant raw materials is as follows:

after the pepper is treated by adopting the alcohol, the alcohol can extract effective components in the pepper, the original liquid of the leavening agent EM has various beneficial floras, then the effective components in the pepper are fermented by the original liquid of EM, natural components in the pepper are extracted, wherein the natural components include laurocapram and dimethyl sulfoxide in the pepper, the two components can promote volatile oil to enter fungal cells to accelerate cell death, and finally, the killing of pests is realized.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the EM original dew can promote the growth of plants, improve the ecological environment, form a beneficial advantageous community of microorganism bacteria, effectively inhibit the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms in soil and the invasion of crops, achieve the effect of disease resistance, inhibit the survival and propagation of toxic microorganisms and enhance the metabolic function of crops.

2. The effective components of the plant raw materials are natural components, so that the pesticide is safe and environment-friendly, and meanwhile, the numb taste essence in the pepper has the bacteriostatic effect, so that the overall insecticidal and bacteriostatic effects are improved. In the production process, in order to improve the yield, pepper fruit processing leftovers (or pepper fruit processing leftovers) can also be used as raw materials, the selected raw materials are extracted to form extracting solution, finally the extracting solution is mixed to form the botanical fermentation insecticide, and meanwhile, the mixed extracting solution can also be prepared into microemulsion or granules.

3. The botanical fermentation pesticide has the advantages of simple components, safe and convenient use, no pollution and residue on crops, good insecticidal effect, difficult generation of drug resistance of pests, broad insecticidal spectrum, prevention and killing effects on various pests of various crops, no toxicity on human and livestock, wide source, simple preparation method, easy large-scale production and contribution to popularization and application.

Drawings

Fig. 1-17 are a usage register table showing the usage of the fermented pesticide of the present invention in example 1 for killing pests in fruit trees and crops, and are contrasted with the application examples 1-13 in the specific embodiment, in which the traditional Chinese medicine fermented pesticide is the fermented pesticide of the present application.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the methods of the present invention.

The EM stock solution used in the invention is purchased from Jiangxi Tianyi biology group.

Example 1

A fermented pesticide is prepared by extracting natural components from plant materials with an extractant, and fermenting with a starter.

In the preparation process of the fermented pesticide, the ratio of the plant raw materials to the leavening agent to the extracting agent is 2:1: 25;

the leavening agent is EM original liquid;

the extraction agent is alcohol with the volume fraction of 95%.

The plant refers to pricklyash peel, and the plant material is pulverized pricklyash peel fruit.

The pepper fruits are pepper fruits picked in 9 months after conventional cultivation management is carried out on pepper trees planted in 3 months.

Specifically, the variety of the zanthoxylum bungeanum in the embodiment is Dahongpao.

(1) placing the crushed plant raw materials into an extracting agent for leaching for 24 hours to obtain a leaching solution, wherein the leaching temperature is 30 ℃; the dosage of the plant raw material and the dosage of the extracting agent in the step (1) are respectively 40kg and 500 kg.

(2) Then, putting a leaven into the leaching liquor obtained in the step (1) to obtain fermented raw pulp, adding water into the fermented raw pulp to ferment for 48 hours, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, and fermenting to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;

the fermentation step in the step (2) comprises aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, and the aerobic fermentation comprises the following specific steps: adding water into the fermented raw pulp, placing the fermented raw pulp into a stirring tank, increasing oxygen (stirring speed is 50-80 r/min) in a stirring paddle in the stirring tank to realize aerobic fermentation (the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is 30 ℃) to obtain fermented pulp, and pumping the fermented pulp in the stirring tank into a storage tank through a gear pump to perform anaerobic fermentation (the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is 35 ℃); the using amount of the leavening agent in the step (2) is 20 kg; adding 800kg of water into the fermentation raw stock in the step (2);

(3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the solid-liquid mixture obtained in the step (2) to obtain a liquid fermented pesticide; performing solid-liquid separation in the step (3) by adopting a filtering mode, and filtering by using a 3-10 mesh screen during filtering; the fermentation liquor obtained by solid-liquid separation in the step (3) can be conveyed into a filling machine in a pipeline conveying mode for filling, and batch production can be realized.

Example 2

The difference between the fermented pesticide in the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1 is that the ratio of the plant raw materials, the leavening agent and the extracting agent in the preparation process of the fermented pesticide is 2:1: 20.

The method of preparing the fermented pesticide of example 2 is different from that of example 1 in that the plant material and the extractant are used in amounts of 40kg and 500kg, respectively, in step (1);

the using amount of the leavening agent in the step (2) is 25 kg; 1000kg of water is added into the fermentation raw stock in the step (2).

Example 3

The difference between the fermented pesticide in the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 1 is that the ratio of the plant raw materials, the leavening agent and the extracting agent in the preparation process of the fermented pesticide is 2:1: 20.

The extractant is pure ethanol.

The method of preparing the fermented pesticide in example 3 is different from that of example 1 in that the plant material and the extractant are used in amounts of 30kg and 300kg, respectively, in step (1);

the using amount of the leavening agent in the step (2) is 15 kg; 600kg of water is added into the fermentation raw stock in the step (2).

Example 4

In the preparation process of the fermented pesticide, the ratio of the plant raw materials to the leavening agent to the extracting agent is 2:1: 25.

The plants include fructus Zanthoxyli and Capsici fructus.

The plant material is a product obtained by mixing crushed pepper fruits and crushed pepper fruits.

The mass ratio of the mixed materials of the pepper fruits and the pepper fruits is 2: 1.

The Capsicum annuum is Pimenta dioica Pimenta L of Arsamum of northeast China of India of origin.

The procedure for preparing the fermented insecticide of example 4 was the same as that of example 1.

Example 5

The difference between the fermented pesticide in the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 4 is that the ratio of the plant raw materials, the leavening agent and the extracting agent in the preparation process of the fermented pesticide is 2:1: 20.

The plant is Capsicum annuum L

The preparation method of the fermented pesticide in example 5 is the same as that of example 2.

Example 6

The fermented pesticide of example 6 is different from that of example 4 in that the ratio of the plant raw material, the leavening agent and the extractant in the preparation process of the fermented pesticide is 2:1: 20.

The leaven is edible vinegar, and the variety of the edible vinegar is Shanxi mature vinegar which is rich in monascus, candida, hansenula, surface mucor, acetic acid bacteria and the like.

The plants include fructus Zanthoxyli and Capsici fructus.

The mass ratio of the mixed materials of the pepper fruits and the pepper fruits is 1: 1.

The procedure for preparing the fermented insecticide of example 6 was the same as that of example 3.

Test examples

The application also provides application of the liquid fermentation insecticide of the embodiment 1 to 3 in killing pests of fruit trees and crops, wherein the crops comprise vegetable crops and food crops. When the liquid fermentation insecticide is applied, a surfactant and a stabilizer are added into the liquid fermentation insecticide to form a microemulsion, and then water is added to dilute the microemulsion to form a spraying agent for spraying.

Wherein the content (mass percent) of active ingredients in the microemulsion formed by the liquid fermented pesticide is 8 percent, and the active ingredients comprise EM original liquid and natural ingredients extracted from plant raw materials.

The microemulsion is prepared by the following steps:

The mass ratio of the liquid fermentation insecticide to the surfactant is 5: 1; the mass ratio of the liquid fermentation insecticide to the stabilizer is 5: 1;

specifically, the present invention employs a surfactant 2201; specifically, glycerol is used in the present invention.

Then, adding water into the microemulsion for dilution to obtain a spraying agent, placing the spraying agent in a spraying pot, and spraying the spraying agent on crops, wherein the microemulsion and the water are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 15 in a mass ratio.

The specific spraying dosage of the spraying agent is as follows: the dosage is 20-30 ml/mu for red spiders and aphids, and 90-110 ml/mu for peach worms and cabbage worms.

Use notes: the product is applied to pesticide application in peak period of cabbage caterpillar low-age larvae, red spiders, aphids and peach caterpillars, and is uniformly sprayed. Particularly, the safe interval period of the product used on cabbage is 7 days, and the maximum use frequency of the product in each crop period is 2 times. The product contains beneficial flora such as EM original dew and the like, is a non-systemic quasi-traditional Chinese medicine pesticide, and has the characteristics of stronger contact killing effect, high knockdown speed and the like. The effective period of the product is 36 months.

The skin contact symptoms of the product are as follows: belongs to a nerve agent, the skin of the contact part feels stabbing pain, particularly around the mouth and the nose, but no erythema exists, and headache can be caused when the contact amount is large. The emergency measures of the personnel are as follows: if the liquid medicine is carelessly splashed on eyes or skin, a large amount of clear water is used for washing immediately for not less than 15 minutes.

The killing effect of the fermentative insecticide of the present invention on pests of fruit trees and crops is illustrated by the following specific application examples, wherein the application examples 1 to 5 use the fermentative insecticide of example 1, the application examples 6 to 10 use the fermentative insecticide of example 2, and the application examples 11 to 17 use the fermentative insecticide of example 3.

Application example 1

The plants targeted by the spray application are: garlic in the growing period;

the spraying time is as follows: 4-5 months in 2019;

the spraying range is as follows: 8 mu m;

the geographical location of the spray was: 23 # Okinawa, Miyao, Henan province;

the spraying effect is as follows: red spider pests happen in 2019 in 4-5 months, wherein 1 mu of land is not sprayed, in addition, 7 mu of land is sprayed once by adopting the method, the red spider destruction rate reaches 100%, 7000 kilograms are collected in 7 mu of land sprayed at the bottom of 5 months, and the yield can be increased by 3 times compared with the land which is not sprayed.

Application example 2

The plants targeted by the spray application are: peanuts in a growing period;

the spraying time is as follows: 6 months in 2019;

the spraying range is as follows: 4.2 mu;

the geographical location of the spray was: 23, east China, Zhou-muu county, Hou Po-Ningcun, Henan province;

the spraying effect is as follows: red spider pests and anthocyanin pests occur in 6 months in 2019, the red spider pests and the anthocyanin pests occur in months, the anthocyanin pests can be eliminated by spraying once, and the obtained peanuts are full in grains, good in yield, high in brightness and good in quality after autumn harvest.

Application example 3

The plants targeted by the spray application are: jujube trees in the growing period;

the spraying time is as follows: 5 months in 2000;

the spraying range is as follows: 20 plants per mu of 0.5;

the geographical location of the spray was: zhenzhe village, Huang Zhu, Zhen Zheng, Xinzheng, Henan province;

the spraying effect is as follows: the jujube trees are sprayed once in 5 months and 25 days in 5 months in 2000, the red spiders can be killed, the red spider killing rate reaches 100%, and high yield is realized.

Application example 4

The plants targeted by the spray application are: late autumn yellow pears in the growing period;

the spraying time is as follows: 5 months in 2015;

the spraying range is as follows: 330 plants in 3 mu;

the geographical location of the spray was: xinzheng city pear in Henan province and river town of great village;

the spraying effect is as follows: red spider pests happen to pear trees in 5 months in 2015, after spraying once in 15 days in 5 months, red spiders can be killed, the killing rate of the red spiders reaches 100%, the pear trees are high in yield by 5000 kg in the current year, and the pear trees are harvested in 3 years.

In addition, 3 mu of pear trees planted in 6 months in 2019 have red spider pests, and 160mL of the liquid insecticide disclosed in example 1 and 120kg of water are compounded into spraying liquid for spraying in 6 months, so that the red spiders can be killed, the killing rate of the red spiders reaches 100%, the pears in the current year have high yield of 5000 kg, and the pears are harvested in 3 years.

Application example 5

the spraying time is as follows: 10 months in 2009;

the spraying range is as follows: 10 strains;

the geographical location of the spray was: guangwu Zhenguun of spring city in Henan province;

the spraying effect is as follows: the jujube trees in 6 months in 2009 have red spider pests, after the jujube trees are sprayed once in 6 months, red spiders can be killed, the jujube trees in the same year have high yield of 250 kilograms, and the jujube trees are harvested in 3 years.

In addition, red spider pests happen to 10 jujube trees planted in 2018, 30mL of the liquid insecticide disclosed in example 1 and 15kg of water are compounded into a spraying liquid to be sprayed, so that the red spiders can be killed, the killing rate of the red spiders reaches 100%, the jujube trees yield is high and is 260 kg in the current year, and the jujube trees are harvested in 5 years.

Application example 6

The plants targeted by the spray application are: red Fuji apples in the growing period;

the spraying time is as follows: 8 months in 2012;

the spraying range is as follows: 10 strains;

the geographical location of the spray was: wu Weinan Typha county, Shanxi province in the Bingen town;

the spraying effect is as follows: aphid pests happen to apple trees in 8 months of 2012, and the apple trees can kill the aphids after being sprayed once in 8 months, so that the apples are harvested in the year.

Application example 7

The plants targeted by the spray application are: apples in a growing period;

the spraying time is as follows: 2008, 8 months;

the spraying range is as follows: 10 mu, 800 plants;

the geographical location of the spray was: zengfu temple township xu, Changege, Henan province;

the spraying effect is as follows: in 2008, apple trees suffer from red spider and aphid pests, 3 kilograms of spraying liquid compounded by the liquid insecticide disclosed in the embodiment 1 is sprayed in 6 months, so that the red spider and the aphid can be eliminated, and the elimination rate of the red spider and the aphid reaches 100%.

In addition, 10 apple trees and 800 apple trees planted 6 months in 2020 have red spider and aphid pests, 3kg of the liquid insecticide in the embodiment 1 and 240kg of water are compounded into a spraying liquid for spraying, so that the red spider and aphid can be eliminated, and the elimination rate of the red spider and the aphid reaches 100%.

Application example 8

The plants targeted by the spray application are: chinese cabbage in growing period;

the spraying time is as follows: 8 months in 2000;

the spraying range is as follows: 5 mu m;

the spraying effect is as follows: in 2000, white vegetables grow aphid pests in 8 months, and after the white vegetables are sprayed once in 8 months, the aphid pests can be eliminated, the aphid eliminating rate reaches 100%, the yield per mu reaches 2500 kg, and the high yield is realized.

In addition, aphid pests happen to 5 mu of Chinese cabbage planted in 9 months in 2020, 120mL of the liquid insecticide disclosed in example 1 and 90kg of water are compounded into spraying liquid for spraying in 9 months, aphids can be eliminated, the aphid elimination rate reaches 100%, the yield per mu in the year is 2600 kg, and high yield is realized.

Application example 9

The plants targeted by the spray application are: apples in a growing period;

the spraying time is as follows: month 5 in 1995;

the spraying range is as follows: 10 mu;

the geographical location of the spray was: zengfu temple town of Change, Henan province large xu village;

the spraying effect is as follows: the apple trees suffer from red spider pests in 5 months in 1995, and after the apple trees are sprayed once in 5 months, red spiders can be killed, and the red spider killing rate reaches 100%.

Application example 10

The plants targeted by the spray application are: pear trees in a growing period;

the spraying time is as follows: year 2011, month 6;

the spraying range is as follows: 8 mu m;

the geographical location of the spray was: city, town, pavilion, old grave and village of Xinzheng city, Henan province;

the spraying effect is as follows: red spider pests happen to pear trees in 6 months in 2011, and after the pear trees are sprayed once in 6 months, the red spider pests can be killed, and the red spider pest killing rate reaches 100%.

Application example 11

the spraying time is as follows: 8 months in 2000;

the spraying range is as follows: 6 mu m;

the geographical location of the spray was: xinzheng city of Henan province, Mengzhuangzhen village, Sunwu;

the spraying effect is as follows: the jujube trees are subjected to insect pests such as red spiders and peach mites in 8 months in 2000, and after the jujube trees are sprayed once in 8 months, the red spiders and the peach mites can be killed, and the killing rate reaches 100%.

Application example 12

the spraying time is as follows: year 2020, 8 months;

the spraying range is as follows: 5 mu m;

the spraying effect is as follows: after the cabbage is sprayed once in 8 months in 2020, the aphid can be killed, and the aphid killing rate reaches 100%.

Application example 13

the spraying time is as follows: 10 months in 2015;

the spraying range is as follows: 10 mu;

the geographical location of the spray was: a Mongolian village in a New village, namely Xinzheng city, Henan province;

the spraying effect is as follows: red spider pests happen to jujube trees in 2016, and can be killed after the jujube trees are sprayed once in 6 months, so that the killing rate reaches 100%.

Specific application examples are detailed with reference to fig. 1-17.

The experimental data show that the fermented pesticide prepared by jointly applying the leavening agent, the extracting agent and the plant raw materials can effectively kill red spiders, aphids, peach worms and other pests in crops. The plant source fermentation pesticide has the characteristics of safe and convenient use, no pollution to crops and no residue. The insecticidal composition has good insecticidal effect, is not easy to cause drug resistance of pests, has simple preparation method, is easy for large-scale production, and is beneficial to popularization and application.

The above examples are illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermented pesticide is characterized in that the fermented pesticide is prepared by extracting natural ingredients from plant raw materials by using an extracting agent and fermenting by using a fermenting agent; the plant refers to a plant containing pungent components.

2. The fermented pesticide of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the plant raw materials to the leavening agent to the extracting agent is 2:1 (20-25) in the preparation process of the fermented pesticide.

3. The fermented pesticide according to claim 1, wherein the leavening agent is a functional flora containing EM original liquid, or edible vinegar; the extracting agent is alcohol with volume fraction of 95% or pure ethanol; the plant refers to pepper and/or hot pepper.

4. The process for preparing a fermented pesticide according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the amounts of the plant material and the extractant used in step (1) are 30-50kg and 300-500kg, respectively.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation step in step (2) comprises aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation; the using amount of the leavening agent in the step (2) is 15-25 kg; the amount of water added into the fermentation raw stock in the step (2) is 600-800 kg; the temperature of aerobic fermentation is 30-32 ℃; the temperature for anaerobic fermentation is 30-35 ℃.

7. The use of the fermented insecticide for killing pests of fruit trees and crops as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said crops include vegetable crops and food crops.

8. The application of claim 7, wherein in the application, the liquid fermented pesticide is added with a surfactant and a stabilizer to form a microemulsion, and then is diluted with water to form a spraying agent for spraying; when the spraying agent is prepared, the microemulsion and water are mixed according to the ratio of 1: (15-20), wherein the specific spraying dosage of the spraying agent is as follows: the dosage is 20-30 ml/mu for red spiders and aphids, and 90-110 ml/mu for peach worms and cabbage worms.

9. A microemulsion containing a fermented pesticide is characterized in that the mass percent of active ingredients in the microemulsion is 6-10%, and the active ingredients in the liquid pesticide comprise functional flora containing EM original liquid or EM original liquid and natural ingredients extracted from plant raw materials; the microemulsion is prepared by the following steps:

the liquid fermentation insecticide of any one of claims 1 to 3 is compounded with a surfactant and a stabilizer according to a certain proportion.

10. The liquid insecticide according to claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the liquid-like fermented insecticide to the surfactant is 5 (1-2); the mass ratio of the liquid fermentation insecticide to the stabilizer is 5 (1-2); the surfactant is one of surfactants 2201, 0201B, NP-10 and NP-20; the stabilizer is one of methanol, glycerol and isopropanol.