CN113930968B - 机能性树脂材料、其制造方法及感湿收缩织物 - Google Patents

机能性树脂材料、其制造方法及感湿收缩织物 Download PDF

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CN113930968B
CN113930968B CN202011020570.9A CN202011020570A CN113930968B CN 113930968 B CN113930968 B CN 113930968B CN 202011020570 A CN202011020570 A CN 202011020570A CN 113930968 B CN113930968 B CN 113930968B
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resin material
functional resin
mixture
crosslinking agent
fabric
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CN113930968A (zh
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阮巽雯
林俊宏
宋憶青
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Taiwan Textile Research Institute
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Abstract

一种机能性树脂材料是藉由包括以下试剂制备而成:多元醇、多元胺、第一交联剂、第二交联剂以及纳米纤维素。第一交联剂及第二交联剂各自包括异氰酸酯嵌段。纳米纤维素包括以式(1)表示的重复单元,本揭露的机能性树脂材料可牢固地配置于基布上,从而提升以其所制得的感湿收缩织物的感湿收缩性以及水洗牢度,故感湿收缩织物于多次洗涤后仍可维持良好的感湿收缩性。

Description

机能性树脂材料、其制造方法及感湿收缩织物
技术领域
本揭露内容是有关于一种纺织材料,且特别是有关于一种机能性树脂材料及其制造方法,以及使用机能性树脂材料所制成的感湿收缩织物。
背景技术
随着现今社会生活水准的提升,人们对于机能性纺织品的需求越来越高,且随着各种机能性纺织品不断地问世,具有特定目的的机能性纺织品的发展亦日趋完善。
对于穿戴型纺织品而言,其常随着使用者的汗液或环境湿度的提升而粘附在使用者皮肤,造成穿戴舒适感大幅地降低。因此,如何降低穿戴型纺织品与使用者身体间的粘附并从而提升穿戴舒适感为纺织业者积极研究的重要课题。
发明内容
本揭露提供一种机能性树脂材料,其可牢固地配置于基布上,使得以其所制得的感湿收缩织物具有良好的感湿收缩性以及水洗牢度。
根据本揭露一些实施方式,机能性树脂材料藉由包括以下试剂制备而成:多元醇、多元胺、第一交联剂、第二交联剂以及纳米纤维素。第一交联剂及第二交联剂各自包括异氰酸酯嵌段。纳米纤维素包括以式(1)表示的重复单元,
在本揭露一些实施方式中,纳米纤维素的粒径介于16纳米至20纳米间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,多元胺的重量平均分子量介于600g/mole至8000g/mole间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,第一交联剂及第二交联剂具有相同的分子结构。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,多元醇的重量平均分子量介于2000g/mole至10000g/mole间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,多元醇是含醚基的多元醇,包括聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚丙二醇(PPG)、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,多元胺包括脂肪族胺、聚醚胺、聚酰胺或聚酰亚胺。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,脂肪族胺为己二胺、二乙基己二胺、三甲基己二胺、庚二胺、三甲基乙二胺、壬二胺、四甲基乙二胺、四乙基乙二胺、月桂胺二亚丙基二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺或聚乙烯亚胺。
根据本揭露一些实施方式,机能性树脂材料的制造方法包括以下步骤。进行第一热制程,以混合多元醇、第一交联剂及纳米纤维素,以形成第一混合物,其中第一热制程的反应温度介于90℃至120℃间。进行第二热制程,以混合第一混合物及第二混合物,以形成机能性树脂材料,其中第二混合物包括第二交联剂及多元胺,且第二热制程的反应温度介于120℃至150℃间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,第一交联剂及第二交联剂具有相同的分子结构。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,第一交联剂及第二交联剂各自包括如式(2)所示的结构单元,
其中R1、R2及R3中任两者以上包括异氰酸酯嵌段。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,第一交联剂的添加量介于2.2重量份至2.6重量份间,且第二交联剂的添加量介于0.4重量份至0.8重量份间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,多元醇的添加量介于0.5重量份至1.5重量份间,多元胺的添加量介于2重量份至4重量份间,且纳米纤维素的添加量介于0.01重量份至0.05重量份间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,第一交联剂及第二交联剂各自包括异氰酸酯嵌段,多元醇及纳米纤维素各自包括羟基,且异氰酸酯嵌段的总量与羟基的总量的比值介于1.0至2.5间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,第一热制程的反应时间介于10分钟至30分钟间,且第二热制程的反应时间介于2分钟至5分钟间。
根据本揭露一些实施方式,感湿收缩织物藉由包括以下步骤的方法制备而成。进行第一热制程,以混合多元醇、第一交联剂及纳米纤维素,以形成第一混合物,其中第一热制程的反应温度介于90℃至120℃间。混合第一混合物及第二混合物,以形成第三混合物,其中第二混合物包括第二交联剂及多元胺。将基布含浸于第三混合物中,使得第三混合物覆盖基布并渗透至基布中。进行第二热制程,使得第三混合物形成机能性树脂材料,且机能性树脂材料配置在基布上,以形成感湿收缩织物,其中第二热制程的反应温度介于120℃至150℃间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,基布具有至少两层,且机能性树脂材料配置于基布的两层间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,纳米纤维素的粒径介于16纳米至20纳米间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,多元胺的重量平均分子量介于600g/mole至8000g/mole间。
在本揭露一些实施方式中,第三混合物的粘度介于5cP至25cP间。
根据本揭露上述实施方式,感湿收缩织物包括基布以及机能性树脂材料。机能性树脂材料具有多个胺基与羟基且配置在基布上,因此可提升感湿收缩织物的感湿收缩性,在高湿度的环境下增加使用者皮肤与感湿收缩织物间的距离,以提升使用者的穿戴舒适感。在感湿收缩织物的制备过程中,通过调控两段式热制程各自的反应温度,可确保机能性树脂材料具有复杂的网状结构,从而牢固地配置在基布上,有利于提升感湿收缩织物的水洗牢度。如此一来,本揭露的感湿收缩织物于多次洗涤后仍可良好地维持其功能,更可广泛地应用于机能性服饰的领域。
附图说明
为让本揭露的上述和其他目的、特征、优点与实施例能更明显易懂,所附附图的说明如下:
图1绘示根据本揭露一实施方式的感湿收缩织物的制造方法的流程图;其中,符号说明:
S10~S40:步骤。
具体实施方式
以下将以附图揭露本发明的多个实施方式,为明确说明起见,许多实务上的细节将在以下叙述中一并说明。然而,应了解到,这些实务上的细节不应用以限制本揭露。也就是说,在本揭露部分实施方式中,这些实务上的细节是非必要的,因此不应用以限制本揭露。此外,为简化附图起见,一些习知惯用的结构与元件在附图中将以简单示意的方式绘示之。另外,为了便于读者观看,附图中各元件的尺寸并非依实际比例绘示。
在本文中,有时以键线式(skeleton formula)表示聚合物或基团的结构。这种表示法可以省略碳原子、氢原子以及碳氢键。当然,结构式中有明确绘出原子或原子基团的,则以绘示者为准。
本揭露内容提供一种机能性树脂材料,其具有多个胺基与羟基,并可牢固地配置于基布上,从而提升以其所制得的感湿收缩织物的感湿收缩性以及水洗牢度。相较于习知的感湿收缩织物,本揭露的感湿收缩织物具有高的单位面积收缩率,且其在多次洗涤后仍可维持良好的感湿收缩性。
图1绘示根据本揭露一实施方式的感湿收缩织物的制造方法的流程图。请参阅图1,抗污织物的制造方法包括步骤S10至S40。在步骤S10中,进行第一热制程,以形成第一混合物。在步骤S20中,混合第一混合物及第二混合物,以形成第三混合物。在步骤S30中,将基布含浸于第三混合物中。在步骤S40中,进行第二热制程,以形成机能性树脂材料及感湿收缩织物。在以下叙述中,将进一步说明上述各步骤。
首先,提供多元醇、纳米纤维素及第一交联剂。在一些实施方式中,多元醇可例如是含醚基的多元醇,包括聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚丙二醇(PPG)或聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG),从而提供机能性树脂材料良好的感湿收缩性。在一些实施方式中,多元醇的重量平均分子量可介于2000g/mole至10000g/mole间。详细而言,由于多元醇具有羟基,且其羟基又可被保留于后续形成的机能性树脂材料中,因此多元醇可提供机能性树脂材料良好的感湿收缩性,从而提升以其所制得的感湿收缩织物的单位面积收缩率。
纳米纤维素包括以式(1)表示的重复单元,在一些实施方式中,纳米纤维素的粒径可介于16纳米至20纳米间,以提供良好的反应性。详细而言,由于纳米纤维素具有多个羟基,且多个羟基又可被保留于后续形成的机能性树脂材料中,因此纳米纤维素可提供机能性树脂材料良好的感湿收缩性,从而提升以其所制得的感湿收缩织物的单位面积收缩率。
在一些实施方式中,第一交联剂可包括异氰酸酯三聚体。具体而言,第一交联剂可包括如式(2)所示的结构单元,在一些实施方式中,第一交联剂可包括脂肪族异氰酸酯(例如是HDI、TMDI或XDI)三聚体、脂环族异氰酸酯(例如是IPDI、HMDI或HTDI)三聚体、芳香族异氰酸酯(例如是TDI或MDI)三聚体或其组合。第一交联剂包括异氰酸酯嵌段。举例而言,异氰酸酯三聚体的至少两末端可具有异氰酸酯嵌段。具体而言,在以式(2)表示的第一交联剂中,R1、R2及R3中任两者以上包括异氰酸酯嵌段。
接着,进行步骤S10,进行第一热制程,以混合多元醇、纳米纤维素以及第一交联剂,从而形成第一混合物,其中第一热制程的反应温度介于90℃至120℃间。在一些实施方式中,多元醇的添加量可介于0.5重量份至1.5重量份间,纳米纤维素的添加量可介于0.01重量份至0.05重量份间,且第一交联剂的添加量可介于2.2重量份至2.6重量份间。在一些实施方式中,第一热制程的反应时间可介于10分钟至30分钟间,以确保反应进行至一定的程度。
在第一热制程期间,第一交联剂可与多元醇以及纳米纤维素各自的羟基反应,从而形成第一混合物。如前所述,由于多元醇的重量平均分子量可介于2000g/mole至10000g/mole间,因此可使得后续形成的感湿收缩织物具有良好的感湿收缩性、水洗牢度及柔软度,并可有效降低制造成本。具体而言,若多元醇的重量平均分子量小于2000g/mole,可能导致后续形成的机能性树脂材料无法牢固地配置于基布上,从而使得感湿收缩织物具有低的感湿收缩性以及水洗牢度;而若多元醇的重量平均分子量大于10000g/mole,则可能导致感湿收缩织物具有低的柔软度,且容易使反应时间增加,不利于降低制造成本。
随后,进行步骤S20,混合第一混合物及第二混合物,以形成第三混合物,其中第二混合物包括第二交联剂及多元胺。第二交联剂可于后续的热制程中提升机能性树脂材料的链段长度及交联程度,从而使得机能性树脂材料更牢固地配置于基布上,以使得感湿收缩织物具有良好的感湿收缩性以及水洗牢度。另一方面,多元胺的胺基可被保留于后续所形成的机能性树脂材料中,以提供机能性树脂材料良好的感湿收缩性,从而提升以其所制得的感湿收缩织物的单位面积收缩率。在一些实施方式中,第二交联剂的添加量可介于0.4重量份至0.8重量份间,且多元胺的添加量可介于2重量份至4重量份间。
在一些实施方式中,第二交联剂可包括异氰酸酯三聚体。具体而言,第二交联剂可包括如式(2)所示的结构单元,在一些实施方式中,第二交联剂可包括脂肪族异氰酸酯(例如是HDI、TMDI或XDI)三聚体、脂环族异氰酸酯(例如是IPDI、HMDI或HTDI)三聚体、芳香族异氰酸酯(例如是TDI或MDI)三聚体或其组合。第二交联剂包括异氰酸酯嵌段。举例而言,异氰酸酯三聚体的至少两末端可具有异氰酸酯嵌段。具体而言,在以式(2)表示的第二交联剂中,R1、R2及R3中任两者以上包括异氰酸酯嵌段。
在一些实施方式中,第二交联剂与前述第一交联剂可具有相同的分子结构。在一些实施方式中,第二交联剂的添加量与第一交联剂的添加量的比例可例如介于1:5至1:3间。在一些实施方式中,第二交联剂与第一交联剂中的异氰酸酯嵌段的总量与多元醇及纳米纤维素中羟基的总量的比值介于1.0至2.5间。
在一些实施方式中,多元胺可包括聚醚胺、聚酰胺或聚酰亚胺。在另一些实施方式中,多元胺可包括脂肪族胺,以较佳地提供机能性树脂材料良好的感湿收缩性。具体而言,脂肪族胺可例如是己二胺、二乙基己二胺、三甲基己二胺、庚二胺、三甲基乙二胺、壬二胺、四甲基乙二胺、四乙基乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、月桂胺二亚丙基二胺或聚乙烯亚胺。在一些实施方式中,多元胺的重量平均分子量可介于600g/mole至8000g/mole间,且较佳地可介于800g/mole至5500g/mole间。
接着,进行步骤S30,将基布含浸于第三混合物中,使得第三混合物覆盖基布并渗透至基布中,其中基布可包括针织布、梭织布及无纺布等。详细而言,当将基布含浸于第三混合物中时,第三混合物可附着于每一条纤维或纱线的表面。在一些实施方式中,基布的基底材料可例如是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET),从而避免基布于后续的热制程中与第三混合物中的各成分进行化学反应。在一些实施方式中,第三混合物在温度为5℃至30℃间的粘度可介于5cP至25cP间,有利于基布的含浸。在一些实施方式中,可使用双辊轮对含浸后的基布进行压吸,以去除基布表面多余的第三混合物。
随后,进行步骤S40,进行第二热制程,以形成机能性树脂材料及感湿收缩织物,其中第二热制程的反应温度介于120℃至150℃间。在一些实施方式中,第二热制程的反应时间可介于2分钟至5分钟间,符合业界后整理加工制程的条件。详细而言,在第二热制程期间,第二交联剂可与多元胺的胺基反应,且第三混合物中的各成分可覆盖基布并渗透至基布中,以形成机能性树脂材料牢固地配置于基布上,并从而形成感湿收缩织物。如前所述,由于多元胺的重量平均分子量可介于600g/mole至8000g/mole间,因此可使得后续形成的具有机能性树脂材料的感湿收缩织物具有良好的感湿收缩性、水洗牢度以及柔软度,并可有效降低制造成本;且由于多元胺的重量平均分子量较佳地可介于800g/mole至5500g/mole间,因此可避免多元胺在第二热制程期间发生黄化反应。
在一些实施方式中,感湿收缩织物中的基布具有至少两层。具体而言,基布的层间可以是由纱线或纤维在交织或堆迭后所自然形成的立体空间,且纱线或纤维可相互交织或缠绕于基布的两层间。举例而言,当感湿收缩织物的基布为梭织布时,基布的层间可以是由纬纱将经纱隔开后所形成的立体空间。举另一例而言,当感湿收缩织物的基布为针织布时,基布的层间可以是纱线交织为纱圈后所形成的立体空间。举又一例而言,当感湿收缩织物为无纺布时,基布的层间可以是由纱线(或纤维)堆迭后所产生的间隙。在一些实施方式中,机能性树脂材料配置于基布的两层间,以牢固地配置在基布上。对此,机能性树脂材料亦可以包覆在基布的每一条纱线或纤维上,以配置于基布的两层间。
在进行上述步骤S10至S40后,即可得到本揭露的感湿收缩织物。由于感湿收缩织物中的机能性树脂材料具有来自于多元醇与纳米纤维素的羟基以及来自于多元胺的胺基,因此其可具有良好的感湿收缩性以及高的单位面积收缩率。此外,藉由两段式热制程所形成的机能性树脂材料可在基布的纤维或纱线上形成复杂的网状结构,以使得机能性树脂材料更牢固地配置于基布上。藉此,可确保所形成的感湿收缩织物具有良好的感湿收缩性以及水洗牢度。
下文将参照各实施例及各比较例,更具体地描述本揭露的特征及功效。应了解到,在不逾越本揭露范畴的情况下,可适当地改变所用材料、其量及比率、处理细节以及处理流程等等。因此,不应由下文所述的各实施例对本揭露作出限制性的解释。各实施例及各比较例中的各成分与含量如表一所示。各实施例是经由前述步骤S10至S40制备而成,其中第一热制程及第二个制程的反应温度分别为110℃及130℃,且第一热制程及第二个制程的反应时间分别为15分钟及3分钟。需说明的是,各实施例及各比较例中的机能性树脂材料是藉由例如是水的溶剂作为载体而配置在基布上。
表一
注1:括弧内为含量,其单位为重量份
注2:基布的基重为295g/m2
注3:纳米纤维素购自第一工业制药,其商品名为I-2SX
注4:聚乙二醇购自莫克(Merck)公司;聚丙二醇及聚四氢呋喃醚二醇购自拜耳(Bayer)公司
注5:聚乙烯亚胺购自巴斯夫(BASF)公司
注6:水性架桥剂购自纺织产业综合研究所
<实验例:织物的感湿收缩性测试>
在本实验例中,对各实施例及各比较例的织物进行单位面积收缩率测试。需说明的是,各实施例及各比较例的织物的单位面积收缩率是对10厘米×10厘米的织物进行测试而得到的结果。此外,各实施例及各比较例的织物更经历50次水洗,并于第30次及第50次水洗后再度进行测试。测试结果如表二所示。
表二
如表二所示,不论在经历水洗前后,各实施例的织物的单位面积收缩率相较于各比较例的织物的单位面积收缩率皆具有较佳的表现。由此可知,通过纳米纤维素的添加,可有效地提升织物的感湿收缩性。更进一步而言,在比较实施例3、4及6后可以发现,当所添加的纳米纤维素越多时,织物的单位面积收缩率亦越高。此外,在比较实施例1至3后可以发现,聚乙二醇及聚丙二醇相较于聚四氢呋喃醚二醇,更可提供织物较高的单位面积收缩率。另外,在比较实施例5及6后可以发现,当多元胺的重量平均分子量较大时,织物可具有较高的单位面积收缩率。另一方面,各实施例在经历50次水洗后的单位面积收缩率仍高于各比较例在经历水洗前的单位面积收缩率,成功地克服使用习知的加工助剂所带来的水洗牢度不佳的问题。
根据本揭露上述实施方式,感湿收缩织物包括基布以及机能性树脂材料。机能性树脂材料具有多个胺基与羟基且配置在基布上,因此可提升感湿收缩织物的感湿收缩性,在高湿度的环境下增加使用者皮肤与感湿收缩织物间的距离,以提升使用者的穿戴舒适感。在感湿收缩织物的制备过程中,通过调控两段式热制程各自的反应温度,可确保机能性树脂材料具有复杂的网状结构,从而牢固地配置在基布上,有利于提升感湿收缩织物的水洗牢度。如此一来,本揭露的感湿收缩织物于多次洗涤后仍可良好地维持其功能,更可广泛地应用于机能性服饰纺织品的领域。
虽然本揭露已以实施方式揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本揭露,任何熟习此技艺者,在不脱离本揭露的精神和范围内,当可作各种的更动与润饰,因此本揭露保护范围当视后附的申请专利范围所界定者为准。

Claims (19)

1.一种机能性树脂材料,其特征在于,藉由包括以下试剂制备而成:
多元醇;
多元胺;
第一交联剂,其中所述第一交联剂包括异氰酸酯嵌段;
第二交联剂,其中所述第二交联剂包括异氰酸酯嵌段;以及
纳米纤维素,其中所述纳米纤维素包括以式(1)表示的重复单元,
且所述纳米纤维素的粒径介于16纳米至20纳米间。
2.如权利要求1所述的机能性树脂材料,其中所述多元胺的重量平均分子量介于600g/mole至8000g/mole间。
3.如权利要求1所述的机能性树脂材料,其中所述第一交联剂及所述第二交联剂具有相同的分子结构。
4.如权利要求1所述的机能性树脂材料,其中所述多元醇的重量平均分子量介于2000g/mole至10000g/mole间。
5.如权利要求1所述的机能性树脂材料,其中所述多元醇是含醚基的多元醇,包括聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
6.如权利要求1所述的机能性树脂材料,其中所述多元胺包括脂肪族胺、聚醚胺、聚酰胺或聚酰亚胺。
7.如权利要求6所述的机能性树脂材料,其中所述脂肪族胺为己二胺、二乙基己二胺、三甲基己二胺、庚二胺、三甲基乙二胺、壬二胺、四甲基乙二胺、四乙基乙二胺、月桂胺二亚丙基二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺或聚乙烯亚胺。
8.一种机能性树脂材料的制造方法,其特征在于,包括:
进行第一热制程,以混合多元醇、第一交联剂及纳米纤维素,以形成第一混合物,其中所述第一热制程的反应温度介于90℃至120℃间;
进行第二热制程,以混合所述第一混合物及第二混合物,以形成所述机能性树脂材料,其中所述第二混合物包括第二交联剂及多元胺,且所述第二热制程的反应温度介于120℃至150℃间,且所述纳米纤维素的粒径介于16纳米至20纳米间。
9.如权利要求8所述的机能性树脂材料的制造方法,其中所述第一交联剂及所述第二交联剂具有相同的分子结构。
10.如权利要求8所述的机能性树脂材料的制造方法,其中所述第一交联剂及所述第二交联剂各自包括如式(2)所示的结构单元,
其中R1、R2及R3中任两者以上包括异氰酸酯嵌段。
11.如权利要求10所述的机能性树脂材料的制造方法,其中所述第一交联剂的添加量介于2.2重量份至2.6重量份间,且所述第二交联剂的添加量介于0.4重量份至0.8重量份间。
12.如权利要求8所述的机能性树脂材料的制造方法,其中所述多元醇的添加量介于0.5重量份至1.5重量份间,所述多元胺的添加量介于2重量份至4重量份间,且所述纳米纤维素的添加量介于0.01重量份至0.05重量份间。
13.如权利要求8所述的机能性树脂材料的制造方法,其中所述第一交联剂及所述第二交联剂各自包括异氰酸酯嵌段,所述多元醇及所述纳米纤维素各自包括羟基,且所述异氰酸酯嵌段的总量与所述羟基的总量的比值介于1.0至2.5间。
14.如权利要求8所述的机能性树脂材料的制造方法,其中所述第一热制程的反应时间介于10分钟至30分钟间,且所述第二热制程的反应时间介于2分钟至5分钟间。
15.一种感湿收缩织物,其特征在于,藉由包括以下步骤的方法制备而成:
进行第一热制程,以混合多元醇、第一交联剂及纳米纤维素,以形成第一混合物,其中所述第一热制程的反应温度介于90℃至120℃间;
混合所述第一混合物及第二混合物,以形成第三混合物,其中所述第二混合物包括第二交联剂及多元胺;
将基布含浸于所述第三混合物中,使得所述第三混合物覆盖所述基布并渗透至所述基布中;以及
进行第二热制程,使得所述第三混合物形成机能性树脂材料,且所述机能性树脂材料配置在所述基布上,以形成所述感湿收缩织物,其中所述第二热制程的反应温度介于120℃至150℃间。
16.如权利要求15所述的感湿收缩织物,其中所述基布具有至少两层,且所述机能性树脂材料配置于所述基布的所述两层间。
17.如权利要求15所述的感湿收缩织物,其中所述纳米纤维素的粒径介于16纳米至20纳米间。
18.如权利要求15所述的感湿收缩织物,其中所述多元胺的重量平均分子量介于600g/mole至8000g/mole间。
19.如权利要求15所述的感湿收缩织物,其中所述第三混合物的粘度介于5cP至25cP间。
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