CN113912816A - 石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
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- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Diphenyl-3-thiocarbazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N=NC(=S)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于空气过滤技术领域,具体涉及一种石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料及其制备方法和用途。针对现有石墨烯海绵材料要么成本高、制备工艺复杂,要么应用领域窄、吸附能力不佳的问题,本发明提供了一种石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,采用巯基乙醇来作为氧化还原石墨烯分散液的氧化剂,得到氧化石墨烯,制备出更加符合空气过滤的官能团性质,减少团聚反应,空气过滤吸附效果更强。同时,采用一步发泡的方法制备石墨烯海绵,在海绵发泡过程中即可加入石墨烯分散液,有效防止了石墨烯的脱落。本发明操作更为简便,制备出来的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料表面稳定性更强,空气过滤吸附效果更强,且更容易工业化实施。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于空气过滤技术领域,具体涉及一种石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
随着现代工业的发展,人类的活动越来越频繁,所产生的甲醛、二氧化硫、氨气、一氧化氮、重金属、油脂类等气体和微粒对人类的生存环境和身体造成极大的威胁。吸附法作为一种物理化学方法,是空气过滤中的重要方法之一,具备成本低廉、过滤效率高、无二次污染、易再生等优势。
石墨烯作为一种21世纪新型材料,凭借优异的力学、热学及电学性能使其具有十分广阔的应用前景。想要将石墨烯应用到实际中,还需要依附于其他材料。石墨烯拥有超高的比表面积,如将其应用在过滤石墨烯海绵复合材料中,可以使其拥有更强的吸附能力、更高的孔隙率及更疏松的表面结构,在水处理、空气过滤、催化剂载体等领域具有很大的应用价值。
目前,关于将石墨烯应用于海绵复合材料中,已有大量的研究报道。如专利CN110339830A公开了一种氧化石墨烯海绵材料及其制备和使用方法,该专利制备的氧化石墨烯海绵材料以PDMS为基底,经过表面亲水改性后,负载氧化石墨烯制得。该方法利用PDMS自身超疏水的特性,采用等离子清洗打断PDMS表面的化学键,通过聚乙烯醇进行修饰后改性为一种亲水材料,氧化石墨烯因含有大量的含氧官能团,因而能与水体中重金属离子发生鳌合作用,能有效的去除水体中重金属离子,但氧化石墨烯在水体中呈悬浮状态,吸附后难以与污染水体进行有效分离,该专利通过采用PDMS为基底,并有效负载氧化石墨烯,形成一种结构稳定,吸附效率高的新型重金属吸附材料;又由于PDMS海绵材料具有质量轻、密度低的特点,而浮于液体表面,每次使用后便于取出回收,避免二次污染。但该专利制备的氧化石墨烯海绵材料仅在吸附水体中的重金属中体现出了良好的效果,还不具备在空气中吸附重金属的能力,也不具备吸附其余水油污染物或细菌的能力。
专利CN107417962A公开了一种空气净化用石墨烯海绵及其制备方法,该专利是在海绵上负载纳米银掺杂石墨烯复合材料层,其中纳米银掺杂石墨烯复合材料层的厚度为0.2~1.5,纳米银掺杂石墨烯复合材料层的质量占比为5~10%。该专利通过在海绵上负载纳米银~石墨烯复合材料,使海绵具有很强的疏水效果和吸附能力;再利用纳米银强大的杀菌和抑菌作用,防止海绵上滋生细菌,对甲醛、二氧化硫、氨气、一氧化氮或二氧化碳等具有良好的吸附性能,对甲醛的最高吸附量可以达到206mg/g,对氨气的吸附量最高可以达到120mg/g,对一氧化氮的吸附量可以达到140mg/g。该专利主要是由纳米银掺杂石墨烯复合材料层起到抗菌和吸附功能,生产成本高,制备工艺复杂。
由此可见,现有的石墨烯海绵材料要么成本高、制备工艺复杂,要么应用领域窄、吸附能力不佳,急需开发一种成本低廉、制备方法简单,能够应用于空气和水体中吸附有害物质的石墨烯海绵材料,以扩大其应用领域。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题为:现有石墨烯海绵材料要么成本高、制备工艺复杂,要么应用领域窄、吸附能力不佳的问题。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案为:提供了一种石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法。该方法包括以下步骤:
a、按下列重量百分比称取各原料,辛酸亚锡0.05~0.14%,三乙烯二胺0.09~0.26%,巯基乙醇0.19~0.55%,含硅表面活性剂0.20~0.60%,氧化石墨烯0.50~2.00%,水0.90~2.70%,1,4丁二醇1.67~5.01%,甲苯二异氰酸酯13.70~41.11%,聚醚多元醇46.74~86.81%;
b、氧化石墨烯在水和1,4丁二醇溶液中超声分散20~35min,使其分散均匀,得到GO分散液;
c、向GO分散液中加入巯基乙醇于85~90℃磁力搅拌30~35min,得到改性GO分散液;
d、将聚醚多元醇加入到改性GO分散液中,搅拌分散均匀,然后加入含硅表面活性剂搅拌至乳白色,随后加入辛酸亚锡和三乙烯二胺,保持恒定的搅拌速度搅拌均匀;
e、将甲苯二异氰酸酯倒入上述搅拌均匀的混合液中,继续搅拌,当颜色变为乳白色且开始有气泡产生时迅速倒入模具中自由发泡12~24h,即得到石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料。
优选的,上述石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法中,步骤a所述的各原料重量百分比为:辛酸亚锡0.09%,三乙烯二胺0.17%,巯基乙醇0.32%,含硅表面活性剂0.40%,氧化石墨烯1.09%,水1.78%,1,4丁二醇3.29%,甲苯二异氰酸酯27.03%,聚醚多元醇65.85%。
其中,上述石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法中,步骤b所述的1,4丁二醇溶液的浓度为20~40%。
其中,上述石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法中,步骤d所述搅拌的速率为160~240r/min,时间为2~5min。
其中,上述石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法中,步骤d所述含硅表面活性剂为阳离子有机硅表面活性剂。
本发明还提供了一种石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料,由上述方法直接制备得到。
本发明还提供了一种上述石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的用途,用于电子烟过滤、空气过滤净化或水体净化中。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提供了一种石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,创造性的采用了巯基乙醇来作为氧化还原石墨烯分散液的氧化剂,进一步提升了石墨烯在复合材料上的应用效果,制备出更加符合空气过滤的官能团性质,减少团聚反应,使制备出的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料表面稳定性更强,空气过滤吸附效果更强。同时,在制备方法上,本发明采用一步发泡的方法制备石墨烯海绵,与其它两步法不同,本发明在海绵发泡过程中即可加入石墨烯分散液,其是直接在制备过程中就将石墨烯与海绵进行了混合,而不是直接将石墨烯负载于海绵基体上,可以有效防止石墨烯的脱落。本发明操作更为简便,制备出来的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料表面稳定性更强,空气过滤吸附效果更强,且更容易工业化实施。
本发明制备方法制得的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料,具有空气过滤、吸附油粒及菌落、甲醛、重金属等功能,适合用在电子烟过滤、空气过滤净化和水体净化中。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、按下列重量百分比称取各原料,辛酸亚锡0.05~0.14%,三乙烯二胺0.09~0.26%,巯基乙醇0.19~0.55%,含硅表面活性剂0.20~0.60%,氧化石墨烯0.50~2.00%,水0.90~2.70%,1,4丁二醇1.67~5.01%,甲苯二异氰酸酯13.70~41.11%,聚醚多元醇46.74~86.81%;
b、氧化石墨烯在水和1,4丁二醇溶液中超声分散20~35min,使其分散均匀,得到GO分散液;
c、向GO分散液中加入巯基乙醇于85~90℃磁力搅拌30~35min,得到改性GO分散液;
d、将聚醚多元醇加入到改性GO分散液中,搅拌分散均匀,然后加入含硅表面活性剂搅拌至乳白色,随后加入辛酸亚锡和三乙烯二胺,保持恒定的搅拌速度搅拌均匀;
e、将甲苯二异氰酸酯倒入上述搅拌均匀的混合液中,继续搅拌,当颜色变为乳白色且开始有气泡产生时迅速倒入模具中自由发泡12~24h,即得到石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料。
由于石墨烯结构非常稳定,本发明采用了石墨烯的衍生物——氧化石墨烯(GO)还原成的还原氧化石墨烯来作为复合材料原料。本发明采用巯基乙醇来作为氧化还原石墨烯分散液的氧化剂,使其更加亲油疏水,增强吸附能力,满足过滤海绵所需要的性能。
此外,本发明还改进了聚氨酯海绵制备工艺,使用在线还原一步法制备聚氨酯/部分还原氧化石墨烯海绵(PU/PRGO),GO参与甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和聚醚多元醇之间的聚合发泡反应被部分还原,PRGO片层由于化学键作用被固定在PU骨架上,制成石墨烯过滤海绵,利用石墨烯的亲油疏水、吸附能力,可有效吸附甲醛、重金属、油脂类等物质,相对于传统过滤棉和海绵,提高污染物吸附效能,在需要过滤的地方实施有效的过滤,降低对人体和环境的伤害。可应用到石油开采、电子烟过滤、空气净化等领域。
特别的,为了提高石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的过滤性能,本发明优选的各原料重量百分比为:辛酸亚锡0.09%,三乙烯二胺0.17%,巯基乙醇0.32%,含硅表面活性剂0.40%,氧化石墨烯1.09%,水1.78%,1,4丁二醇3.29%,甲苯二异氰酸酯27.03%,聚醚多元醇65.85%。
其中,为了提高分散效果,更好的对石墨烯进行改性,步骤b所述的1,4丁二醇溶液的浓度为20~40%。
其中,上述石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法中,步骤d所述搅拌的速率为160~240r/min,时间为2~5min。
其中,上述石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法中,步骤d所述含硅表面活性剂为阳离子有机硅表面活性剂。
本发明还提供了一种石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料,由上述方法直接制备得到。
下面将通过实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的解释说明,但不表示将本发明的保护范围限制在实施例所述范围内。
实施例1采用本发明方法制备石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料
具体的操作步骤如下:
(1)制备原料按照质量百分比包括如下部分
辛酸亚锡0.09%
三乙烯二胺0.17%
巯基乙醇0.32%
含硅表面活性剂0.40%
氧化石墨烯1.09%
水1.78%
1,4丁二醇3.29%
甲苯二异氰酸酯27.03%
聚醚多元醇65.85%;
(2)氧化石墨烯在水和1,4丁二醇溶液中超声分散20min,使其分散均匀,得到GO分散液;
(3)向GO分散液中加入巯基乙醇于85℃磁力搅拌30min,得到改性GO分散液。
(4)取聚醚多元醇SEP~560D加入到GO分散液中,机械搅拌分散均匀,然后加入含硅表面活性剂搅拌至乳白色,随后加入辛酸亚锡和三乙烯二胺,保持恒定的搅拌速度搅拌均匀。
(5)取甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI倒入上述搅拌均匀的混合液中,继续搅拌,当颜色变为乳白色且开始有气泡产生时迅速倒入模具中自由发泡,12h后得到PU/PRGO海绵。
实施例2采用本发明方法制备石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料
石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
与实施例1仅不同的地方在于氧化石墨烯占比为0.50%。
实施例3采用本发明方法制备石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料
石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
与实施例1仅不同的地方在于氧化石墨烯占比为2.00%。
对比例1采用现有方法制备石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料
具体的操作步骤如下:
步骤1:在NMP溶液中加入膨胀石墨烯并利用超声分散均匀,得到单层石墨烯NMP溶液;
步骤2:将同样浓度的硝酸银水溶液和鞣酸水溶液先后滴加到单层石墨烯NMP溶液中制得纳米银石墨烯悬浮液,硝酸银与石墨烯的质量比在10~100范围内;
步骤3:将海绵浸没在步骤3所得的纳米银石墨烯悬浮液悬乳液,搅拌后进行超声,将海绵取出,用去离子水清洗,烘干,得到负载有纳米银掺杂石墨烯复合材料层的三聚氰胺海绵。
对比例2采用与本发明不同的制备参数制备石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料
具体的操作步骤如下:
具体的原料配比如下:
辛酸亚锡0.05%
三乙烯二胺0.14%
巯基乙醇0.42%
含硅表面活性剂0.50%
氧化石墨烯0.92%
水1.68%
1,4丁二醇3.26%
甲苯二异氰酸酯26.10%
聚醚多元醇66.93%。
除原料配比与实施例1不同外,其余参数与步骤均同实施例1。
对实施例和对比例制备得到的石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料进行性能测定,其中:甲醛的测定方法采用气相色谱法;汞的测定方法采用《GB 7468-87水质总汞的测定冷原子吸收分光光度法》;镉的测定方法采用《GBT 7471-87水质镉的测定双硫腙分光光度法》;微油粒吸附采用《NF X43-286-1997工作环境大气.气体和蒸汽测定用抽气式吸附管.要求和试验方法(欧洲标准EN 1076)》;菌落总数测试方法为《GB-15982-2012各类环境空气、物体表面菌落总数卫生标准》。
过滤性能测定结果如下表1所示。
表1不同方法制备的氧化还原石墨烯聚氨酯改性复合材料过滤性能
由实施例和对比例的结果可看出,本发明添加0.5~2%的氧化石墨烯时,制备得到的石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料对甲醛、重金属、微油粒、菌落等的吸附能力相比现有技术都大为增强。但氧化石墨烯的添加量也不是越多越好,随着氧化石墨烯的增加,对这些物质的吸附能力逐渐趋于一个平衡的状态,甚至会略微下降,并且,氧化石墨烯的增加还严重增加成本,还会影响海绵制备的效果。本发明综合考虑下,确定氧化石墨烯的添加量以1.09%最为适宜。本发明制备的石墨烯过滤聚氨酯复合海绵材料吸附能力强,适宜用在石油开采、电子烟过滤、空气净化等领域。
Claims (7)
1.石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a、按下列重量百分比称取各原料,辛酸亚锡0.05~0.14%,三乙烯二胺0.09~0.26%,巯基乙醇0.19~0.55%,含硅表面活性剂0.20~0.60%,氧化石墨烯0.50~2.00%,水0.90~2.70%,1,4丁二醇1.67~5.01%,甲苯二异氰酸酯13.70~41.11%,聚醚多元醇46.74~86.81%;
b、氧化石墨烯在水和1,4丁二醇溶液中超声分散20~35min,使其分散均匀,得到GO分散液;
c、向GO分散液中加入巯基乙醇于85~90℃磁力搅拌30~35min,得到改性GO分散液;
d、将聚醚多元醇加入到改性GO分散液中,搅拌分散均匀,然后加入含硅表面活性剂搅拌至乳白色,随后加入辛酸亚锡和三乙烯二胺,保持恒定的搅拌速度搅拌均匀;
e、将甲苯二异氰酸酯倒入上述搅拌均匀的混合液中,继续搅拌,当颜色变为乳白色且开始有气泡产生时迅速倒入模具中自由发泡12~24h,即得到石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤a所述的各原料重量百分比为:辛酸亚锡0.09%,三乙烯二胺0.17%,巯基乙醇0.32%,含硅表面活性剂0.40%,氧化石墨烯1.09%,水1.78%,1,4丁二醇3.29%,甲苯二异氰酸酯27.03%,聚醚多元醇65.85%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤b所述的1,4丁二醇溶液的浓度为20~40%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤d所述搅拌的速率为160~240r/min,时间为2~5min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤d所述含硅表面活性剂为阳离子有机硅表面活性剂。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的制备方法制备得到的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料。
7.权利要求6所述的石墨烯聚氨酯复合海绵材料的用途,用于电子烟过滤、空气过滤净化或水体净化中。
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