CN113906963A - Large-scale planting method for selenium-rich houttuynia cordata - Google Patents
Large-scale planting method for selenium-rich houttuynia cordata Download PDFInfo
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- CN113906963A CN113906963A CN202111010009.7A CN202111010009A CN113906963A CN 113906963 A CN113906963 A CN 113906963A CN 202111010009 A CN202111010009 A CN 202111010009A CN 113906963 A CN113906963 A CN 113906963A
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- houttuynia cordata
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- 240000000691 Houttuynia cordata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 235000013719 Houttuynia cordata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 69
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 244000105627 Cajanus indicus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010773 Cajanus indicus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001354 calcium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011655 sodium selenate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001881 sodium selenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018716 sodium selenate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013337 tricalcium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CS([O-])(=O)=O UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of houttuynia cordata planting, in particular to a large-scale planting method of selenium-rich houttuynia cordata. The method comprises the following steps: selenium activation of land, treatment of seed stems of houttuynia cordata, planting, soil compaction, management and other links. Through using fish meal, rape and other raw materials containing more selenium elements in the houttuynia cordata planting, breeding earthworms, intercropping mint, applying EM (effective microorganism) diluent, forming a substance decomposition system in soil, preliminarily decomposing EM, digesting by earthworms, effectively compatible with acidic and alkaline areas, promoting the acid-base balance of the whole plantation, and avoiding over-acidification or alkalization of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of houttuynia cordata planting, in particular to a large-scale planting method of selenium-rich houttuynia cordata.
Background
Houttuynia cordata (English name HERBA HOUTTUYNIAE) is a herb recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia, and the herb is dried aerial part of Houttuynia cordata (Latin name: Houttuynia cordia Thunb.) of Saururaceae. Harvesting in summer when stem and leaf are flourishing and flower ear is more, removing impurities, and drying in the sun. The character of the herbal medicine is as follows: the stem is in a flat cylindrical shape, is twisted, has a length of 20-35 cm and a diameter of 0.2-0.3 cm; the surface is brownish yellow, has a plurality of longitudinal edges and obvious sections, and residual fibrous roots are arranged on the lower sections; is brittle and easy to break. The leaves are intertrigous, the leaves are folded and shrunk, and the leaves are heart-shaped after being flattened, and are 3-5 cm long and 3-4.5 cm wide; the front end is tapered and the edge is complete; the upper surface is dark yellow green to dark brown, and the lower surface is grayish green or grayish brown; the petiole is slender, and the base part is combined with the supporting leaves to form a sheath shape. Spike inflorescences appeared terminal and yellow brown. The fishiness smell is generated by rubbing. Yu xing Cao is pungent in flavor and cold in nature and enters lung meridian. It has effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling, treating sore, inducing diuresis, removing dampness, clearing away heat, relieving dysentery, invigorating stomach, and resolving food stagnation, and can be used for treating lung abscess, pyocutaneous disease, hemorrhoid hematochezia, and heat accumulation of spleen and stomach due to excess heat, heat toxin, dampness, and disease heat. Modern pharmacological experiments show that the product has antibacterial, antiviral, immunity improving, and diuretic effects.
The houttuynia cordata has high medicinal value and edible value and strong vitality, can adapt to most soil environments, and becomes a prop economic crop in many places. However, the houttuynia cordata is extremely simple to plant in the prior art, so that the value is low, and researches on improvement of differentiation by selenium-enriched planting in the current market are few.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a large-scale planting method of selenium-rich houttuynia cordata, which is used for improving the selenium content in the houttuynia cordata and increasing the nutritive value of the houttuynia cordata, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a large-scale planting method of selenium-rich houttuynia cordata comprises the following steps:
(1) land selenium activation:
spreading selenium-rich organic fertilizer in soil, raking the soil, spreading rape on the surface of the soil, ploughing the rape under the soil when the rape grows to 50-70cm, putting earthworms in the soil according to the density of 2-4 pieces/square meter, spreading 10-15kg of fishbone powder in the garden soil every day, and continuously spreading for one week;
the preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 130 parts of 100-one chicken manure, 600 parts of 500-one clear water, 20-33 parts of bamboo charcoal soil, 13-17 parts of wormcast and 40-50 parts of bagasse by mass, diluting 0.05-0.08 part of sodium selenate by 10-20 times, pouring the mixture and the mixture into a water pool, adding 5-8 parts of water hyacinth, stopping adding water when the water hyacinth grows for 3-5 months in the light environment, naturally drying the sun, crushing the water hyacinth and the mixture, and granulating to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer; the particle size of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 3-5 mm;
(2) processing seed stems of houttuynia cordata
Picking up the picked old stems of the houttuynia cordata, cutting the old stems into long sections with the length of 8-12cm, immersing the long sections into a chlorothalonil solution diluted by 300 times and 500 times for 3-4min, taking out and draining; soaking seed stems in the nutrient solution for 30-50s, and taking out;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: grinding 20-30 parts of fresh pigeon pea leaves by mass, adding 13-15 parts of calcium humate and 3-5 parts of corn straw powder, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to 90-95%;
(3) planting
Digging a planting ditch in the cultivation garden, placing the seed stems of the houttuynia cordata in the planting ditch, and simultaneously using decomposed pig manure according to the proportion of 400 plus materials and 500 kg/mu to completely cover the seed stems of the houttuynia cordata with soil; spreading mint seed nutrient soil between houttuynia cordata rows according to 3-5 kg/mu when houttuynia cordata leaves 1-2;
the preparation method of the mint seed nutrient soil comprises the following steps: mixing 3-5 parts of mint seeds, 50-60 parts of coal ash, 10-15 parts of biogas residues and 5-9 parts of apple residues in parts by mass, adjusting the water content to 65-68%, putting the mixture in an environment at 25-28 ℃ for accelerating germination for 20-30h, adding 13-15 parts of attapulgite powder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) soil compacting device
The houttuynia cordata plant grows to 8-10cm, the houttuynia cordata plant is tilted to form an included angle of 10-30 degrees with the ground, and the houttuynia cordata plant is pressed by rooting soil; then spraying the quick-acting fertilizer according to 30-50kg per mu, spraying once every 3 days, and continuously spraying for 2-4 weeks;
(5) managing
After the houttuynia cordata is planted, a fertilizing hole with the depth of 15-20cm is dug at the position 10-15cm away from the houttuynia cordata plant, alkaline fertilizer is put into the fertilizing hole, the dosage is 350 kg/mu used for each mu, and the fertilizing hole is used once a month; after the alkaline fertilizer is applied, the zymocyte solution is applied under the houttuynia cordata roots, and the applying amount is 200 and 300 kg/mu;
applying the selenium-rich organic fertilizer every three months, wherein the position of the fertilizer application point is superposed with that of the alkaline fertilizer;
the preparation method of the alkaline fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 3-5 parts of alkali and 30-35 parts of clear water by mass, adding 6-7 parts of bamboo charcoal particles, stirring for 20-30min, drying in the sun, spreading the obtained particles, spraying 1-3 parts of starch pasting liquid on the surfaces of the particles, drying at 50-60 ℃, stirring and turning the particles, spraying 1-3 parts of starch pasting liquid again, and drying, wherein the obtained particles and the decomposed chicken manure are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 8-11;
the preparation method of the starch pasting liquid comprises the following steps: standing 1-3 parts of cassava starch and 130 parts of clear water at 70-75 ℃ for 2-6h, adding 0.3-0.6 part of phosphoric acid, and uniformly mixing; the zymocyte solution is EM bacteria solution diluted by 2000-3000 times.
Further, in the step (1), the dosage of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 600-700 kg/mu.
Further, in the step (1), water is supplemented in time during the growth period of the water hyacinth, and the original water amount is kept.
Further, in the step (1), the using amount of the yeast powder is 18-21% of the mass of the roxburgh rose.
Further, in the step (4), the method for preparing the rooting soil comprises the following steps: mixing 10-13 parts of rape, 50-80 parts of garden soil, 3-5 parts of bentonite, 13-19 parts of bagasse and 40-50 parts of sweet wormwood in parts by mass, adding water to adjust the water content to 70-75%, and stacking at 20-25 ℃ for 30-40 days.
Further, in the step (4), the preparation method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: 0.1 to 0.8 portion of calcium citrate, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of potassium acetate, 1 to 3 portions of sodium nitrate and 800 portions of clear water are mixed by mass portion, and the solution ph is adjusted to 6.3 to 6.5 by nitric acid.
Further, in the step (5), the alkali is one or more of calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
Further, in the step (5), the particle size of the bamboo charcoal particles is 5-8 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
according to the invention, through the growth activity of the water hyacinth, the selenium element is activated by using an enzyme system generated in the growth process of the water hyacinth, the selenium element is further enriched, and then the substrate for culturing the water hyacinth and the water hyacinth are crushed into the selenium-rich organic fertilizer together, so that the absorption efficiency of the selenium element is improved, and the leaching loss of the selenium element in soil is reduced, so that the houttuynia cordata has rich selenium element supply in the whole growth cycle, and the enrichment of the selenium element in the houttuynia cordata cells can be remarkably promoted.
Since the release of mineral ions is facilitated under an acidic environment, selenium is difficult to absorb under the acidic condition, and the effect of the houttuynia cordata on absorbing various minerals is balanced. The alkaline fertilizer is used at a fixed point in the planting process, the alkaline fertilizer is matched with the subacid components of the houttuynia cordata roots, the components are not mixed in advance in the early stage of planting, and a subacid mineral release area and a subalkaline mineral release area are formed along with the release of the components in the planting process, so that released mineral ions can be recombined in a soil environment and absorbed by the roots.
According to the invention, fish meal, rape and other raw materials containing more selenium are used in the houttuynia cordata planting process, earthworms are bred, mint is planted in an intercropping mode, EM (effective microorganism) diluent is supplemented, a substance decomposition system in soil is formed, the acidic and alkaline areas are effectively compatible through the primary decomposition of EM, and through earthworm digestion, the acid-base balance of the whole plantation is promoted, and the soil is prevented from being over-acidified or alkalized. Meanwhile, ions in different areas are released and absorbed by EM (effective microorganisms) and earthworms, and along with the movement of the life bodies, the ions are contacted and absorbed by the roots of the houttuynia cordata and the mint, the growth of the houttuynia cordata and the mint is promoted, the mutual covering of the houttuynia cordata and the mint is utilized, a local low-light environment is formed, the mutual growth is promoted, a houttuynia cordata nutrition area and a mint nutrition area are formed in soil, the construction of different soil systems is facilitated, the stability of a planting system is enhanced, the existence of selenium in different organic states is facilitated, the loss of selenium is reduced, and the enrichment of the houttuynia cordata for selenium is further promoted.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A large-scale planting method of selenium-rich houttuynia cordata comprises the following steps:
(1) land selenium activation:
spreading selenium-rich organic fertilizer in soil, raking the soil, spreading rape on the surface of the soil, ploughing the rape under the soil when the rape grows to 50cm, breeding earthworms in the soil according to the density of 2 pieces/square meter, spreading 10kg of fishbone powder every day, and continuously spreading for one week;
the preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 100 parts of chicken manure, 500 parts of clear water, 20 parts of bamboo charcoal soil, 13 parts of wormcast and 40 parts of bagasse in parts by mass, diluting 0.05 part of sodium selenate by 10 times, pouring the mixture and a water tank, adding 5 parts of water hyacinth, stopping adding water when the water hyacinth grows for 3 months in an illumination environment, naturally drying the water hyacinth in the sun, crushing the water hyacinth and the mixture, and granulating to obtain the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer; the granularity of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 3 mm; the dosage of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 600 kg/mu; supplementing water in time during the growth period of the water hyacinth, and keeping the original water amount;
(2) processing seed stems of houttuynia cordata
Picking up the picked old stems of houttuynia cordata, cutting the old stems into long sections with the length of 8cm, immersing the long sections into 300 times of diluted chlorothalonil solution for 3min, fishing out and draining; soaking the seed stems in the nutrient solution, and taking out after 30 s;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: according to parts by mass, 20 parts of pigeon pea fresh leaves are ground, 13 parts of calcium humate and 3 parts of corn straw powder are added and mixed uniformly, and the water content is adjusted to 90%;
(3) planting
Digging a planting ditch in a cultivation garden, placing houttuynia cordata seed stems in the planting ditch, and simultaneously using decomposed pig manure according to 400 kg/mu to completely cover the houttuynia cordata seed stems with soil; spreading mint seed nutrient soil between the houttuynia cordata rows according to 3 kg/mu when the houttuynia cordata leaves 1;
the preparation method of the mint seed nutrient soil comprises the following steps: mixing 3 parts of mint seeds, 50 parts of coal ash, 10 parts of biogas residues and 5 parts of apple residues in parts by mass, adjusting the water content to 65%, placing in an environment at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination for 20 hours, adding 13 parts of attapulgite powder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) soil compacting device
The houttuynia cordata plants grow to 8cm, the houttuynia cordata plants are tilted to form an included angle of 10 degrees with the ground, and the houttuynia cordata plants are pressed by rooting soil; then spraying the quick-acting fertilizer 30kg per mu once every 3 days for 2 weeks;
the preparation method of the rooting soil comprises the following steps: mixing 10 parts of rape, 50 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of bentonite, 13 parts of bagasse and 40 parts of sweet wormwood in parts by mass, adding water to adjust the water content to 70%, and stacking at 20 ℃ for 30 days; the preparation method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 0.1 part of calcium citrate, 0.3 part of potassium acetate, 1 part of sodium nitrate and 600 parts of clear water in parts by mass, and adjusting the ph of the solution to 6.3 by using nitric acid;
(5) managing
After the houttuynia cordata is planted, a fertilizing hole with the depth of 15cm is dug at a position 10cm away from the houttuynia cordata plant, and alkaline fertilizer is put into the fertilizing hole, wherein the dosage of the alkaline fertilizer is 300 kg/mu per mu, and the alkaline fertilizer is used once a month; after the alkaline fertilizer is applied, the zymophyte solution is applied under the houttuynia cordata roots, and the applying amount is 200 kg/mu;
applying the selenium-rich organic fertilizer every three months, wherein the position of the fertilizer application point is superposed with that of the alkaline fertilizer;
the preparation method of the alkaline fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 3 parts of alkali and 30 parts of clear water by mass, adding 6 parts of bamboo charcoal particles, stirring for 20min, drying in the sun, spreading the obtained particles, spraying 1 part of starch pasting liquid on the surfaces of the particles, drying at 50 ℃, stirring and turning the particles, spraying 1 part of starch pasting liquid again, and drying, wherein the obtained particles and the thoroughly decomposed chicken manure are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 8;
the alkali is potassium hydroxide; the particle size of the bamboo charcoal particles is 5 mm; the preparation method of the starch pasting liquid comprises the following steps: standing 1 part of cassava starch and 120 parts of clear water at 70 ℃ for 2 hours, adding 0.3 part of phosphoric acid, and uniformly mixing; the zymocyte solution is EM bacteria liquid diluted by 2000 times.
Example 2
A large-scale planting method of selenium-rich houttuynia cordata comprises the following steps:
(1) land selenium activation:
spreading selenium-rich organic fertilizer in soil, raking the soil, spreading rape on the surface of the soil, ploughing the rape under the soil when the rape grows to 70cm, breeding earthworms in the soil according to the density of 4 pieces/square meter, spreading 15kg of fishbone powder every day, and continuously spreading for one week;
the preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 130 parts of chicken manure, 600 parts of clear water, 33 parts of bamboo charcoal soil, 17 parts of wormcast and 50 parts of bagasse in parts by mass, diluting 0.08 part of sodium selenate by 20 times, pouring the mixture and the mixture into a water tank, adding 8 parts of water hyacinth, stopping adding water when the water hyacinth grows for 5 months in an illumination environment, naturally drying the sun, crushing the water hyacinth and the mixture, and granulating to obtain the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer; the granularity of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 5 mm; the dosage of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 700 kg/mu; supplementing water in time during the growth period of the water hyacinth, and keeping the original water amount;
(2) processing seed stems of houttuynia cordata
Picking up the picked old stems of houttuynia cordata, cutting into long sections with the length of 12cm, immersing the long sections into 500-time diluted chlorothalonil solution for 4min, fishing out and draining; soaking the seed stems in the nutrient solution, and taking out after 50 s;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: grinding 30 parts of fresh pigeon pea leaves by mass, adding 15 parts of calcium humate and 5 parts of corn straw powder, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to 95%;
(3) planting
Digging a planting ditch in a cultivation garden, placing houttuynia cordata seed stems in the planting ditch, and simultaneously using decomposed pig manure according to 500 kg/mu to completely cover the houttuynia cordata seed stems with soil; spreading mint seed nutrient soil between the houttuynia cordata rows according to 5 kg/mu when the houttuynia cordata leaves 2;
the preparation method of the mint seed nutrient soil comprises the following steps: mixing 5 parts of mint seeds, 60 parts of coal ash, 15 parts of biogas residues and 9 parts of apple residues in parts by mass, adjusting the water content to 68%, putting the mixture in an environment at 28 ℃ for accelerating germination for 30 hours, adding 15 parts of attapulgite powder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) soil compacting device
The houttuynia cordata plant grows to 10cm, the houttuynia cordata plant is tilted to form an included angle of 30 degrees with the ground, and the houttuynia cordata plant is pressed by rooting soil; then spraying 50kg of quick-acting fertilizer per mu, spraying once every 3 days, and continuously spraying for 2 weeks;
the preparation method of the rooting soil comprises the following steps: mixing 10 parts of rape, 50 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of bentonite, 13 parts of bagasse and 40 parts of sweet wormwood in parts by mass, adding water to adjust the water content to 70%, and stacking at 20 ℃ for 30 days; the preparation method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 0.1 part of calcium citrate, 0.3 part of potassium acetate, 1 part of sodium nitrate and 600 parts of clear water in parts by mass, and adjusting the ph of the solution to 6.3 by using nitric acid;
(5) managing
After the houttuynia cordata is planted, a fertilizing hole with the depth of 20cm is dug at a position 10cm away from the houttuynia cordata plant, and alkaline fertilizer is put into the fertilizing hole, wherein the dosage of the alkaline fertilizer is 350 kg/mu per mu, and the alkaline fertilizer is used once a month; after the alkaline fertilizer is applied, the zymophyte solution is applied under the houttuynia cordata roots, and the applying amount is 300 kg/mu;
applying the selenium-rich organic fertilizer every three months, wherein the position of the fertilizer application point is superposed with that of the alkaline fertilizer;
the preparation method of the alkaline fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 5 parts of alkali and 35 parts of clear water by mass, adding 7 parts of bamboo charcoal particles, stirring for 30min, drying in the sun, spreading the obtained particles, spraying 3 parts of starch pasting liquid on the surfaces of the particles, drying at 60 ℃, stirring and turning the particles, spraying 3 parts of starch pasting liquid again, and drying, wherein the obtained particles and the thoroughly decomposed chicken manure are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 11;
the alkali is calcium hydroxide; the particle size of the bamboo charcoal particles is 5-8 mm; the preparation method of the starch pasting liquid comprises the following steps: standing 3 parts of cassava starch and 130 parts of clear water at 75 ℃ for 6 hours, adding 0.6 part of phosphoric acid, and uniformly mixing; the zymocyte solution is EM bacteria liquid diluted by 3000 times.
Example 3
A large-scale planting method of selenium-rich houttuynia cordata comprises the following steps:
(1) land selenium activation:
spreading selenium-rich organic fertilizer in soil, raking the soil, spreading rape on the surface of the soil, ploughing the rape under the soil when the rape grows to 60cm, breeding earthworms in the soil according to the density of 3 pieces/square meter, spreading 15kg of fishbone powder every day, and continuously spreading for one week;
the preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 130 parts of chicken manure, 500 parts of clear water, 33 parts of bamboo charcoal soil, 13 parts of wormcast and 50 parts of bagasse in parts by mass, diluting 0.05 part of sodium selenate by 20 times, pouring the mixture and a water tank, adding 8 parts of water hyacinth, stopping adding water when the water hyacinth grows for 3 months in an illumination environment, naturally drying the sun, crushing the water hyacinth and the mixture, and granulating to obtain the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer; the granularity of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 5 mm; the dosage of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 600 kg/mu; supplementing water in time during the growth period of the water hyacinth, and keeping the original water amount;
(2) processing seed stems of houttuynia cordata
Picking up the picked old stems of houttuynia cordata, cutting into long sections with the length of 12cm, immersing the long sections into 300 times of diluted chlorothalonil solution for 4min, fishing out and draining; soaking the seed stems in the nutrient solution, and taking out after 30 s;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: grinding 30 parts of fresh pigeon pea leaves by mass, adding 13 parts of calcium humate and 5 parts of corn straw powder, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to 95%;
(3) planting
Digging a planting ditch in a cultivation garden, placing houttuynia cordata seed stems in the planting ditch, and simultaneously using decomposed pig manure according to 500 kg/mu to completely cover the houttuynia cordata seed stems with soil; spreading mint seed nutrient soil between the houttuynia cordata rows according to 3 kg/mu when the houttuynia cordata leaves 1;
the preparation method of the mint seed nutrient soil comprises the following steps: mixing 5 parts of mint seeds, 50 parts of coal ash, 15 parts of biogas residues and 5 parts of apple residues in parts by mass, adjusting the water content to 68%, putting the mixture in an environment at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination for 30 hours, adding 13 parts of attapulgite powder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) soil compacting device
The houttuynia cordata plant grows to 10cm, the houttuynia cordata plant is tilted to form an included angle of 10 degrees with the ground, and the houttuynia cordata plant is pressed by rooting soil; then spraying 50kg of quick-acting fertilizer per mu, spraying once every 3 days, and continuously spraying for 2 weeks;
the preparation method of the rooting soil comprises the following steps: mixing 13 parts of rape, 50 parts of garden soil, 5 parts of bentonite, 13 parts of bagasse and 50 parts of sweet wormwood by mass part, adding water to adjust the water content to 75%, and stacking at 20 ℃ for 40 days; the preparation method of the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 0.8 part of calcium citrate, 0.3 part of potassium acetate, 3 parts of sodium nitrate and 600 parts of clear water in parts by mass, and adjusting the ph of the solution to 6.5 by using nitric acid;
(5) managing
After the houttuynia cordata is planted, a fertilizing hole with the depth of 15cm is dug at a position 15cm away from the houttuynia cordata plant, and alkaline fertilizer is put into the fertilizing hole, wherein the amount of the alkaline fertilizer is 300 kg/mu per mu, and the alkaline fertilizer is used once a month; after the alkaline fertilizer is applied, the zymophyte solution is applied under the houttuynia cordata roots, and the applying amount is 200 kg/mu;
applying the selenium-rich organic fertilizer every three months, wherein the position of the fertilizer application point is superposed with that of the alkaline fertilizer;
the preparation method of the alkaline fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 5 parts of alkali and 30 parts of clear water in parts by mass, adding 7 parts of bamboo charcoal particles, stirring for 20min, drying in the sun, spreading the obtained particles, spraying 3 parts of starch pasting liquid on the surfaces of the particles, drying at 50 ℃, stirring and turning the particles, spraying 3 parts of starch pasting liquid again, and drying, wherein the obtained particles and the thoroughly decomposed chicken manure are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 11;
the alkali is calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide which are mixed according to equal mass; the particle size of the bamboo charcoal particles is 8 mm; the preparation method of the starch pasting liquid comprises the following steps: standing 1 part of cassava starch and 130 parts of clear water at 70 ℃ for 2 hours, adding 0.6 part of phosphoric acid, and uniformly mixing; the zymocyte solution is EM bacteria liquid diluted by 3000 times.
Comparative example setup:
test example 1
Selecting a plantation with small difference of soil fertilizer efficiency, planting the houttuynia cordata according to examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 respectively, wherein the planting area of each group is 2 mu, after the houttuynia cordata is harvested, detecting the ph in the soil and the selenium content of the houttuynia cordata, and counting the yield of the houttuynia cordata.
| ph | The yield per mu is kg/mu | The volatile oil content is ml/kg | Selenium content mg/kg | |
| Example 1 | 7.32 | 3357.42 | 0.235 | 0.185 |
| Example 2 | 7.41 | 3418.05 | 0.267 | 0.172 |
| Example 3 | 7.26 | 3309.38 | 0.248 | 0.191 |
| Comparative example 1 | 7.21 | 3127.49 | 0.114 | 0.103 |
| Comparative example 2 | 6.67 | 3099.83 | 0.138 | 0.112 |
| Comparative example 3 | 6.82 | 3107.58 | 0.123 | 0.107 |
As can be seen from the table, the selenium-rich organic fertilizer in the comparative example 1 is not absorbed and converted in the growth process of the water hyacinth, the acre yield, the volatile oil content and the selenium content are lower than those in the examples 1-3 on the whole, obviously, after the fertilizer effect elements such as selenium are absorbed and converted in the conversion process of the water hyacinth, the absorption efficiency of the houttuynia cordata is higher, so the yield and the quality are obviously improved; in the comparative example 2, the starch gelatinization liquid is not used for spraying particles in the alkaline fertilizer, so that the ph is low, obviously, the alkaline fertilizer is released more rapidly, the soil acidification effect in the later period is reduced, the accumulation of nutrient substances of the houttuynia cordata is directly influenced, and the yield and the quality are reduced; comparative example 3 phosphoric acid is not used in the preparation of the alkaline fertilizer, which results in lack of phosphoric acid and metal ion precipitation blocking effect, slow release effect of the alkaline fertilizer in the growth cycle cannot be completely shown, acidification of soil cannot be inhibited in the later period, and yield and quality of the houttuynia cordata are also affected. In conclusion, the scheme improves the yield and the quality of the houttuynia cordata through the synergistic effect of various technical means.
Claims (8)
1. The method for planting the selenium-rich houttuynia cordata in large scale is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selenium activation:
spreading selenium-rich organic fertilizer in soil, raking the soil, spreading rape on the surface of the soil, ploughing the rape under the soil when the rape grows to 50-70cm, putting earthworms in the soil according to the density of 2-4 pieces/square meter, spreading 10-15kg of fishbone powder in the garden soil every day, and continuously spreading for one week;
the preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 130 parts of 100-one chicken manure, 600 parts of 500-one clear water, 20-33 parts of bamboo charcoal soil, 13-17 parts of wormcast and 40-50 parts of bagasse by mass, diluting 0.05-0.08 part of sodium selenate by 10-20 times, pouring the mixture and the mixture into a water pool, adding 5-8 parts of water hyacinth, stopping adding water when the water hyacinth grows for 3-5 months in the light environment, naturally drying the sun, crushing the water hyacinth and the mixture, and granulating to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer; the particle size of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 3-5 mm;
(2) processing seed stems of houttuynia cordata
Picking up the picked old stems of the houttuynia cordata, cutting the old stems into long sections with the length of 8-12cm, immersing the long sections into a chlorothalonil solution diluted by 300 times and 500 times for 3-4min, taking out and draining; soaking seed stems in the nutrient solution for 30-50s, and taking out;
the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: grinding 20-30 parts of fresh pigeon pea leaves by mass, adding 13-15 parts of calcium humate and 3-5 parts of corn straw powder, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to 90-95%;
(3) planting
Digging a planting ditch in the cultivation garden, placing the seed stems of the houttuynia cordata in the planting ditch, and simultaneously using decomposed pig manure according to the proportion of 400 plus materials and 500 kg/mu to completely cover the seed stems of the houttuynia cordata with soil; spreading mint seed nutrient soil between houttuynia cordata rows according to 3-5 kg/mu when houttuynia cordata leaves 1-2;
the preparation method of the mint seed nutrient soil comprises the following steps: mixing 3-5 parts of mint seeds, 50-60 parts of coal ash, 10-15 parts of biogas residues and 5-9 parts of apple residues in parts by mass, adjusting the water content to 65-68%, putting the mixture in an environment at 25-28 ℃ for accelerating germination for 20-30h, adding 13-15 parts of attapulgite powder, and uniformly mixing;
(4) soil compacting device
The houttuynia cordata plant grows to 8-10cm, the houttuynia cordata plant is tilted to form an included angle of 10-30 degrees with the ground, and the houttuynia cordata plant is pressed by rooting soil; then spraying the quick-acting fertilizer according to 30-50kg per mu, spraying once every 3 days, and continuously spraying for 2-4 weeks;
(5) managing
After the houttuynia cordata is planted, a fertilizing hole with the depth of 15-20cm is dug at the position 10-15cm away from the houttuynia cordata plant, alkaline fertilizer is put into the fertilizing hole, the dosage is 350 kg/mu used for each mu, and the fertilizing hole is used once a month; after the alkaline fertilizer is applied, the zymocyte solution is applied under the houttuynia cordata roots, and the applying amount is 200 and 300 kg/mu;
applying the selenium-rich organic fertilizer every three months, wherein the position of the fertilizer application point is superposed with that of the alkaline fertilizer;
the preparation method of the alkaline fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing 3-5 parts of alkali and 30-35 parts of clear water by mass, adding 6-7 parts of bamboo charcoal particles, stirring for 20-30min, drying in the sun, spreading the obtained particles, spraying 1-3 parts of starch pasting liquid on the surfaces of the particles, drying at 50-60 ℃, stirring and turning the particles, spraying 1-3 parts of starch pasting liquid again, and drying, wherein the obtained particles and the decomposed chicken manure are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 8-11;
the preparation method of the starch pasting liquid comprises the following steps: standing 1-3 parts of cassava starch and 130 parts of clear water at 70-75 ℃ for 2-6h, adding 0.3-0.6 part of phosphoric acid, and uniformly mixing; the zymocyte solution is EM bacteria solution diluted by 2000-3000 times.
2. The large-scale planting method of selenium-rich houttuynia cordata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the amount of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is 600-700 kg/mu.
3. The method for planting the selenium-rich houttuynia cordata in large scale as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), water is supplemented in time during the growth period of the water hyacinth, and the original water amount is kept.
4. The method for planting the selenium-rich houttuynia cordata in large scale as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the amount of the yeast powder is 18-21% of the mass of the rosa roxburghii tratt.
5. The method for planting the selenium-rich houttuynia cordata in large scale as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the method for making the rooting soil comprises the following steps: mixing 10-13 parts of rape, 50-80 parts of garden soil, 3-5 parts of bentonite, 13-19 parts of bagasse and 40-50 parts of sweet wormwood in parts by mass, adding water to adjust the water content to 70-75%, and stacking at 20-25 ℃ for 30-40 days.
6. The method for planting the selenium-rich houttuynia cordata in large scale as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the method for preparing the quick-acting fertilizer comprises the following steps: 0.1 to 0.8 portion of calcium citrate, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of potassium acetate, 1 to 3 portions of sodium nitrate and 800 portions of clear water are mixed by mass portion, and the solution ph is adjusted to 6.3 to 6.5 by nitric acid.
7. The method for planting the selenium-enriched houttuynia cordata in large scale as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the alkali is one or more of calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
8. The large-scale planting method of selenium-rich houttuynia cordata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the particle size of the bamboo charcoal particles is 5-8 mm.
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