CN113897400A - Method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue - Google Patents
Method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mushroom fungus chaff, fresh chicken manure and leaves to obtain a material, and carrying out aerobic fermentation, wherein the fresh weight ratio of the mushroom fungus chaff to the fresh chicken manure to the leaves is 3-4: 0.5-1.5. The invention provides a two-stage humic acid synthesis strategy based on mushroom bran, which promotes the conversion of carbon and nitrogen to stable humic acid substances, reduces the loss of nutrient elements, lightens the air pollution and is beneficial to forming excellent humic acid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural solid waste treatment, and relates to a method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom fungus chaff.
Background
China is a world large country for producing the lentinus edodes, 60kg of mushroom bran can be produced when 100kg of fresh lentinus edodes is harvested, the mushroom bran is rich in nutrition and easy to decay and deteriorate, and the environment can be polluted if the mushroom bran is not properly treated. The mushroom bran not only contains abundant amino acids, mushroom polysaccharides and microelements such as Fe, Cu, Zn and Mg, but also contains a large amount of microbial metabolites, such as: trace amount of phenolic matter, small amount of alkaloid, flavone, etc. Therefore, the edible fungus bran is recycled, so that the waste is changed into valuable, the resource utilization rate is improved, the production cost is reduced, the cultivation benefit is improved, the agricultural efficiency is promoted, and the income of mushroom farmers is increased.
Humic acid is a multifunctional organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, is also a good soil structure improver, and has the effects of stimulating the growth of plants and promoting nutrient absorption. Humic acid and products thereof have multiple purposes in the aspect of agriculture, and the humic acid fertilizer prepared by combining elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium has the functions of increasing the fertilizer efficiency, improving the soil, stimulating the growth of crops, improving the quality of agricultural products and the like; the nitro humic acid can be used as an acid regulator for rice seedling raising; the humic acid magnesium, the humic acid zinc and the humic acid urea iron respectively have good effects on supplementing the iron deficiency of the soil magnesium deficiency corn zinc deficiency fruit trees; the pesticide mixture of humic acid and herbicidal ether atrazine can improve the pesticide effect and inhibit residual toxicity; sodium humate is effective in treating rot of apple tree. In the aspect of animal husbandry, the sodium humate is used for stopping bleeding of the pilose antler, and the nitro humic acid urea complex has good effect as a cattle feed additive.
The conversion of the mushroom fungus chaff into the humic acid is one of effective measures for converting the mushroom fungus chaff into high-value products. At present, the traditional preparation methods of humic acid have two types, one is regeneration by adopting coal through artificial oxidation (such as treatment by air ozone or nitric acid), and the other is fermentation by using straws, animal wastes, organic garbage, rotten branches and leaves and the like. In the traditional organic material fermentation process, the carbon and nitrogen loss in the temperature rise period and the high temperature period can seriously affect the generation of humic acid, so a technology which can reduce the carbon and nitrogen loss and promote the conversion of organic matters to the humic acid is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for reducing carbon and nitrogen loss and promoting conversion of organic matters into humic acid.
In view of the above, the present application addresses this need in the art by providing a method for the aerobic fermentation of mushroom bran to produce humic acid.
In one aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mushroom fungus chaff, fresh chicken manure and leaves to obtain a material, and carrying out aerobic fermentation; the fresh weight mass ratio of the mushroom fungus chaff to the fresh chicken manure to the leaves is 3-4: 0.5-1.5.
Further, in the method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom fungus chaff provided by the invention, the mushroom fungus chaff is crushed to 2-3 cm.
Furthermore, in the method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue provided by the invention, leaves are crushed to 2-3 cm.
Further, in the method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue provided by the invention, the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 30-35, and the initial water content is 55-60%.
Further, in the method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue provided by the invention, the adding amount of the material accounts for 90-100% of the effective volume of the total volume of the fermentation reactor.
Specifically, the method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue provided by the invention comprises the following steps: smashing mushroom fungus chaff and leaves to 2-3 cm, uniformly mixing the mushroom fungus chaff, fresh chicken manure and leaves to obtain a material, and placing the material in a reactor for aerobic fermentation for 60 days, wherein the fresh weight ratio of the mushroom fungus chaff, the fresh chicken manure and the leaves is 3-4: 0.5-1.5, the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 30-35, the initial water content is 55-60%, and the adding amount of the material accounts for 90-100% of the effective volume of the total volume of the fermentation reactor; in the aerobic fermentation process, the materials are aerated and turned.
Furthermore, in the method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue provided by the invention, the aeration rate is 2.27L/min/m3。
Further, in the method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue provided by the invention, the pile turning frequency is once per 3-4 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
(1) the invention provides a method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom fungus chaff, which realizes the recycling of mushroom fungus chaff and prepares the mushroom fungus chaff into the humic acid;
(2) the invention provides a method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue, which reduces carbon and nitrogen losses in a heating period and a high-temperature period, so that materials can be fully converted into the humic acid;
(3) the invention provides a method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue, which provides a two-stage humic acid synthesis strategy and promotes conversion of carbon and nitrogen to stable humic acid substances.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed for the embodiments and the comparative examples will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing temperature changes in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in Total Nitrogen (TN) content in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change in humic acid (FA) content in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the content of Humic Acid (HA) in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in the content of fulvic acid (HS) in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in the Humification Index (HI) of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change in humic acid ratio (PHA) of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the change in the kupffer ratio (DP) in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an application test of a method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue.
Smashing mushroom fungus chaff and leaves to be 2-3 cm, and then uniformly mixing the mushroom fungus chaff, fresh chicken manure and leaves to form a material, wherein the fresh weight ratio of the mushroom fungus chaff to the fresh chicken manure to the leaves is 3.6:3.1: 1. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 31, and the initial water content is 56%. Placing the materials in a fermentation reactor for aerobic fermentation for 60 days, wherein the adding amount of the materials accounts for 90% of the effective volume of the total volume of the fermentation reactor. In the process of fermenting the materials, the materials are aerated from the lower part of the fermentation reactor, and the ventilation rate is 2.27L/min/m3. The material is turned and piled once every 3 days in the fermentation process.
After the fermentation was completed, the Humification Index (HI), humic acid ratio (HR) and humic acid ratio (DP) of example 1 reached 23.78%, 63.64% and 1.75, respectively.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an application test of a method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue.
Mixing Lentinus Edodes bran withCrushing the leaves to 2-3 cm, and then uniformly mixing the mushroom fungus chaff, the fresh chicken manure and the leaves to obtain a material, wherein the fresh weight ratio of the mushroom fungus chaff to the fresh chicken manure to the leaves is 3:3: 0.5. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 30, and the initial water content is 55%. Placing the materials in a fermentation reactor for aerobic fermentation for 60 days, wherein the adding amount of the materials accounts for 95 percent of the effective volume of the total volume of the fermentation reactor. In the process of fermenting the materials, the materials are aerated from the lower part of the fermentation reactor, and the ventilation rate is 2.27L/min/m3. The material is turned and piled once every 4 days in the fermentation process.
After the end of the fermentation, the Humification Index (HI), humic acid ratio (HR) and humic acid ratio (DP) of example 2 reached 23.15%, 62.14% and 1.71, respectively.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an application test of a method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue.
Smashing mushroom fungus chaff and leaves to be 2-3 cm, and then uniformly mixing the mushroom fungus chaff, fresh chicken manure and leaves to form a material, wherein the fresh weight ratio of the mushroom fungus chaff to the fresh chicken manure to the leaves is 4:4: 1.5. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 35, and the initial water content is 60%. Placing the materials in a fermentation reactor for aerobic fermentation for 60 days, wherein the adding amount of the materials accounts for 100 percent of the effective volume of the total volume of the fermentation reactor. In the process of fermenting the materials, the materials are aerated from the lower part of the fermentation reactor, and the ventilation rate is 2.27L/min/m3. The material is turned and piled once every 4 days in the fermentation process.
After the fermentation was completed, the Humification Index (HI), humic acid ratio (HR) and humic acid ratio (DP) of example 3 reached 22.85%, 61.52% and 1.64, respectively.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment provides a shiitake mushroom fungus chaff aerobic fermentation test under different materials, initial carbon-nitrogen ratios and initial water contents.
The operation process is the same as that of example 1, except that the material is pure mushroom bran, the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is 72, the initial water content is 59%, and the initial pH is 4.18.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment provides a shiitake mushroom fungus chaff aerobic fermentation test under different materials, initial carbon-nitrogen ratios and initial water contents.
The operation process is the same as that of example 1, except that the materials are the mushroom fungus chaff and the fresh chicken manure, wherein the mass ratio (fresh weight) of the mushroom fungus chaff to the fresh chicken manure is 1.18:1, the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is 28, the initial water content is 59%, and the initial pH is 6.40.
Comparative example 3
The embodiment provides a shiitake mushroom fungus chaff aerobic fermentation test under different materials, initial carbon-nitrogen ratios and initial water contents.
The operation process is the same as that of example 1, except that the materials are mushroom fungus chaff, fresh chicken manure and wheat husk, wherein the mass ratio (fresh weight) of the mushroom fungus chaff, the fresh chicken manure and the wheat husk is 5.41:4.59:1, the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is 38, the initial water content is 55%, and the initial pH is 6.60.
The temperature, TOC, TN, HS, HA, FA, HI, PHA and DP of the fermentation process were varied in combination in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3.
The temperature, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), humic acid (HS), Humic Acid (HA), Fulvic Acid (FA), Humification Index (HI), humic acid ratio (PHA), and humin ratio (DP) of the fermentation process in example 1 and comparative examples 1-3 were varied with time as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7, fig. 8, and fig. 9, respectively. Examples 2, 3 and 1 the temperature, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), humic acid (HS), Humic Acid (HA), Fulvic Acid (FA), Humification Index (HI), humic acid ratio (PHA) and humin ratio (DP) of the fermentation process varied approximately with time and were therefore not compared further.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the fermentation temperature in comparative example 1 was not high and did not meet the criteria for harmlessness. In order to increase the fermentation temperature, the fresh chicken manure is used as an auxiliary material, so that a large amount of microorganisms are provided for a fermentation system, and the fermentation conditions are optimized to be favorable for the microorganisms to play a role. Comparing the data of example 1 and comparative example 2, it can be seen that the compost temperature increases after adding fresh chicken manure, the duration of the high temperature period meets the harmless standard, but the fermentation system is slowly heated up to 10 days. In example 1 and comparative example 3, fluffy substances are added to accelerate the temperature rise rate, the volume of the fluffy substances in comparative example 3 is large, the temperature rise time is shortened to 5 days, but the high temperature duration is short.
In example 1, the temperature rise time was shortened to 7 days, and the high temperature duration was in accordance with the standard for harmlessness.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the total organic carbon in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 gradually decreased with time. In addition, the descending amplitude of the organic carbon is large in the middle and early stages of fermentation, and the descending amplitude tends to be slow in the later stage of fermentation. In the fermentation process, microorganisms firstly utilize easily degradable organic matters and simple organic matters (soluble sugar, organic acid, starch and the like) to carry out life activities, so that the decomposition rate of organic carbon is accelerated; in the later stage of fermentation, after easily-degradable substances are completely degraded, microorganisms can only use organic substances (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like) which are difficult to degrade as a carbon source, so that the degradation rate of organic carbon is relatively slow. The reduction of organic carbon in the fermentation is different due to different treatment methods. The organic carbon loss was less in comparative example 1, which is attributed to the difficulty of effective degradation of the organic material due to the weak microbial activity. After the chicken manure is added, the microbial activity is enhanced, and the organic matter degradation efficiency is improved. The fermentation process requires that the mineralization loss of carbon be reduced under the condition of accelerating the degradation of organic matters. Based on this, the loss of organic carbon is obviously reduced after adding the fluffy substance, especially the organic carbon content of the product in example 1 is the highest, which shows that the scheme of the invention has the effect of preserving carbon under the condition of accelerating the degradation of organic matters.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the total nitrogen in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 gradually increased with time. This is contrary to the results of other biomass fermentations, which indicates that the compost using mushroom bran as the main compost raw material is beneficial to the preservation of nitrogen. The product of example 1 had the highest total nitrogen content at the end of the fermentation, indicating that the nitrogen loss of the invention is less.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the fulvic acid content decreases with time in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3. Among humic acid components, fulvic acid is an unstable component and is easily converted into a more stable component such as humic acid. Example 1 and comparative example 3 showed a more rapid drop in fulvic acid over the first 17 days of the fermentation process compared to comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, indicating a more complete conversion to humic acid. The trend is raised in 17-31 days, which shows that the degradation of refractory organic matters is promoted by high temperature to generate fulvic acid, and the raw material is provided for the secondary synthesis of humic acid in a stable period. After the fermentation was completed, the fulvic acid component decreased most in example 1, indicating that it was converted to humic acid with the best effect.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the contents of humic acid in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 gradually increased with time. Humic acid is the most stable and important component in humic acid, which shows that fermentation is beneficial to increasing the content of humic acid. After the fermentation is finished, the humic acid content in example 1 is the highest and reaches 95.54 g/kg. Meanwhile, in example 1 and comparative example 3, the content of humic acid rapidly increased 10 days before fermentation, in particular, in example 1, the humic acid increment occupies 52% of the total increment, compared with comparative example 1 and comparative example 2. The fact shows that the scheme of the invention can promote the conversion of the easily degradable organic matters to stable humic acid in the fermentation temperature rise period and the high temperature period, but not be mineralized by microorganisms to cause the loss of carbon and nitrogen. In addition, the content of humic acid in example 1 is increased more strongly in the stationary phase, which confirms that the low molecular organic substance generated by degradation of the refractory organic substance after the high temperature period synthesizes humic acid again in the stationary phase.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the humic acid content in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 decreased and then increased with time. At the initial stage of fermentation, the total amount of humic acid is higher, which shows that the mushroom bran has better potential for producing high humic acid products compared with other biomasses. In the early stage of fermentation, the degradation of fulvic acid substances is the reason for reducing the content of total humic acid. Along with the fermentation, humic acid substances are synthesized, and the total amount of humic acid is increased. After the fermentation is finished, the total humic acid content in example 1 is the highest, reaching 150.13g/kg, which is higher than that of fermented other biomasses.
From FIG. 7, it is understood that the Humification Indexes (HI) in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 gradually increased with time. From FIG. 8, it is understood that the humic acid ratio (HR) in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 gradually increased with time. As can be seen from fig. 9, the kuffy ratio (DP) in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 gradually increased with time. After the fermentation is finished, the Humification Index (HI), the humic acid ratio (HR) and the humic acid ratio (DP) of the sample 1 are higher than those of the comparative examples 1-3, and reach 23.78%, 63.64% and 1.75 respectively. At the same time, these indexes also have a more marked increasing trend in the 10 days before fermentation and in the stationary phase, further confirming the excellent effect of the two-stage humification proposed by the present invention. In the fermentation process, the humic acid content, the humification index, the humification ratio and the urf ratio are important indexes of humification, and after the fermentation is finished, the humic acid content, the humification index, the humification ratio and the urf ratio of the product in the scheme (examples 1-3) are all higher than those in comparative examples 1-3.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably implemented, and the above-mentioned embodiments only describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes and modifications of the technical solution of the present invention made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for producing humic acid by aerobic fermentation of mushroom residue is characterized by comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing mushroom fungus chaff, fresh chicken manure and leaves to obtain a material, and carrying out aerobic fermentation;
the fresh weight mass ratio of the mushroom fungus chaff to the fresh chicken manure to the leaves is 3-4: 0.5-1.5.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom residue is pulverized to 2 to 3 cm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the leaves are pulverized to 2-3 cm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 30-35, and the initial water content is 55-60%.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the material is added in an amount of 90-100% of the effective volume of the total volume of the fermentation reactor.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
smashing mushroom fungus chaff and leaves to 2-3 cm, uniformly mixing the mushroom fungus chaff, fresh chicken manure and leaves to obtain a material, and placing the material in a reactor for aerobic fermentation for 60 days, wherein the fresh weight ratio of the mushroom fungus chaff, the fresh chicken manure and the leaves is 3-4: 0.5-1.5, the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 30-35, the initial water content is 55-60%, and the adding amount of the material accounts for 90-100% of the effective volume of the total volume of the fermentation reactor;
in the aerobic fermentation process, aerating the materials;
and in the aerobic fermentation process, turning the materials.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the aeration has a ventilation rate of 2.27L/min/m3。
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the frequency of turning is once every 3 to 4 days.
9. Humic acid, characterized by being produced by the process of claim 1.
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Citations (2)
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| CN105777272A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-07-20 | 四川沃达丰生物科技有限公司 | Waste substrate efficient organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| US20160347676A1 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2016-12-01 | Biomax Holding Pte Ltd | Apparatus and System for Treating Organic Mass |
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- 2021-11-26 CN CN202111423787.9A patent/CN113897400A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160347676A1 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2016-12-01 | Biomax Holding Pte Ltd | Apparatus and System for Treating Organic Mass |
| CN105777272A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-07-20 | 四川沃达丰生物科技有限公司 | Waste substrate efficient organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| MENG LI ET AL: "Fallen leaves are superior to tree pruning as bulking agents in aerobic composting disposing kitchen waste", 《BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY》, vol. 346, pages 1 - 9 * |
| 李帆 等: "鸡粪与蘑菇渣堆肥工艺对腐熟效果的影响", 《河南农业科学》, vol. 41, no. 11, pages 78 - 81 * |
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