CN113890966A - 相机模块 - Google Patents

相机模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113890966A
CN113890966A CN202110664323.0A CN202110664323A CN113890966A CN 113890966 A CN113890966 A CN 113890966A CN 202110664323 A CN202110664323 A CN 202110664323A CN 113890966 A CN113890966 A CN 113890966A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
imager
light
camera module
lens member
lens
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202110664323.0A
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English (en)
Inventor
佐藤功二
佐佐木广器
宫胁正太郎
和田章良
胁山悟
青山和弘
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Denso Corp
Original Assignee
Denso Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Denso Corp filed Critical Denso Corp
Publication of CN113890966A publication Critical patent/CN113890966A/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
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    • H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
    • H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
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    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/021—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses for more than one lens
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B7/028—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Lens Barrels (AREA)
  • Camera Bodies And Camera Details Or Accessories (AREA)
  • Cameras Adapted For Combination With Other Photographic Or Optical Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

一种相机模块(1)，被配置为捕获目标区域的光学图像(3)并且包括透镜构件(10)、成像器(20)、光传输构件(40)和基座(60)。透镜构件配置为接收来自目标区域的光。成像器具有在远离透镜构件的方向上凸出的弯曲部(203)并且被配置为捕获通过穿过透镜构件的光在弯曲部上形成的光学图像。光传输构件光学耦合透镜构件和成像器并且允许来自透镜构件的光朝向成像器传输。基座具有支撑成像器的外边缘的支撑部(601)和限定在支撑部内侧的流体空间(602)。散热流体(603、2603)在流体空间中经历对流。基座的支撑部和流体空间位于弯曲部的与光传输构件相反的一侧上。

Description

相机模块
技术领域
本公开涉及一种相机模块。
背景技术
被配置为捕获目标区域的光学图像的相机模块是广为人知的。例如，由专利文献1(JP2015-192074A)公开的相机模块被配置为捕获在远离入射窗口的方向上凸出的成像器的弯曲部上形成的光学图像。
在专利文献1中公开的相机模块中，在入射窗口的密封玻璃与成像器的弯曲部之间限定一空间。成像器中产生的热量可以消散到该空间。然而，在位于其上形成光学图像的弯曲部的入射侧上的空间中，被来自成像器的散热所加热的空气的折射率可能改变，因此入射光的光学特性可能改变。在这种情况下，捕获光学图像的精度可能变差。
发明内容
本公开的一个目的是提供一种实现捕获精度和散热两者的相机模块。
根据本公开的第一方面，相机模块被配置为捕获目标区域的光学图像并且包括透镜构件、成像器、光传输构件、和基座。所述透镜构件配置为接收来自目标区域的光。所述成像器具有在远离所述透镜构件的方向上凸出的弯曲部并且被配置为捕获通过穿过所述透镜构件的光在所述弯曲部上形成的光学图像。所述光传输构件以光学方式耦合所述透镜构件和所述成像器并且允许来自所述透镜构件的光朝向所述成像器传输。所述基座具有支撑部和流体空间，其中所述支撑部支撑所述成像器的外边缘，所述流体空间限定在所述支撑部的内侧。所述散热流体在所述流体空间中经历对流。所述基座的所述支撑部和所述流体空间位于所述弯曲部的与所述光传输构件相反的一侧上。
根据第一方面，来自目标区域的光进入其中的所述透镜构件和其中光学图像形成在所述弯曲部上的所述成像器通过所述光传输构件彼此光学耦合，其中所述光传输构件允许来自所述透镜构件的光透射过所述光传输构件传输到所述成像器。据此，在所述弯曲部的入射侧(光由此进入弯曲部)上，光的光学特性的改变可被折射率可能稳定的所述光传输构件抑制。
根据第一方面，在弯曲部的与所述光传输构件相反的相反侧上，散热流体在其中经历对流的所述流体空间被限定在支撑所述成像器外边缘的所述支撑部的内侧。据此，由于从所述弯曲部消散到所述流体空间的热被传递到散热流体，因此经历对流的散热流体表现为散热。
根据第一方面，可以通过抑制光学特性的改变来实现高捕获精度，并且同时可以实现散热。
根据本公开的第二方面，相机模块被配置为捕获车辆外部的目标区域。根据第二方面，即使在趋于变热的车辆中，由于在第一方面中描述的原理，通过抑制光学特性的变化也可以实现高捕获精度，并且同时可以实现高散热性能。
附图说明
图1是根据第一实施例的相机模块的横截面图。
图2是示出根据第一实施例的相机模块所捕获的光学图像的示意图。
图3是用于说明根据第一实施例的相机模块的光学结构的示意图。
图4是根据第二实施例的相机模块的横截面图。
图5是图1的变型示例的横截面图。
图6是图1的变型示例的横截面图。
图7是图1的变型示例的横截面图。
图8是图1的变型示例的横截面图。
图9是图1的变型示例的横截面图。
图10是图1的变型示例的横截面图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参考附图描述各实施例。在下面的描述中，相同的参考符号被分配给每个实施例中的相应部件，以便避免重复的描述。当在相应实施例中仅描述配置的一部分时，在之前描述的其它实施例的配置可以应用于配置的其它部分。此外，不仅在相应实施例的描述中明确示出了各个配置的组合，而且如果在组合中不存在特定的问题，也可以将多个实施例的配置部分地组合在一起，即使多个配置没有明确地显示。
(第一实施例)
图1所示的第一实施例的相机模块1被配置为捕获目标区域的光学图像3。相机模块1安装在车辆上以将车辆的外部作为目标区域进行捕获。相机模块1包括透镜构件10、成像器20、成像基板30、光传输构件40、透镜镜筒50和基座60。
透镜构件10位于来自目标区域的光线的光路上。透镜构件10由具有低热膨胀系数和高折射率的透明硬质材料(诸如玻璃)制成。透镜构件10具有在成像器20前面的单个透镜结构。透镜构件10的一侧是输入透镜表面100，其为朝向目标区域凸出的凸透镜表面。透镜构件10的另一侧是输出透镜表面101，其为在远离目标区域的方向上凸出的凸透镜表面。透镜表面100、101在包括图1所示的横截面的任何横截面中具有包括非球形和球形形状的弯曲形状。也就是说，第一实施例的透镜构件10是具有两个凸面的双凸透镜。
透镜构件10的光轴与从目标区域到成像器20的光的光轴Al重合。来自目标区域的光沿着光轴Al进入透镜构件10。透镜构件10通过如图3所示的透镜表面100、101的联合使用对来自目标区域的光提供光学正光焦度(positive power)，并且允许光透射过透镜构件10传输到成像器20。透镜构件10的输出透镜表面101可以是朝向成像器20凸出的弯曲光学表面。
图1所示的成像器20安置在来自目标区域的光的光路上，且位于透镜构件10的与目标区域相反的相反侧上。成像器20是薄的半导体器件，在该半导体器件中，成像元件200安装在硅晶片等上。成像器20具有弯曲部203。弯曲部203具有厚度基本恒定的弓形形状。弯曲部203在远离透镜构件10的方向上凸出。第一实施例的弯曲部203由整个成像器20组成。因此，成像器20整体上具有弓形形状。
弯曲部203的一侧是在远离透镜构件10的方向上凹入的输入凹面204。弯曲部203的另一侧是在远离透镜构件10的方向上凸出的散热凸面205。面204、205在包括图1所示横截面的任何横截面中具有包括非球形和球形形状的弯曲形状。输入凹面204具有与透镜构件10的输出透镜表面101基本互补的弯曲形状。输入凹面204可以具有平缓或剧变的弯曲形状。
成像元件200是彩色或单色型半导体装置，例如CCD或CMOS。成像元件200具有布置成矩阵的像素。成像元件200被包括在弯曲部203中。成像元件200的成像表面凹陷成为输入凹面204的一部分。成像元件200的能够检测光的有效成像区域与从目标区域到成像器20的光的光轴Al基本上同轴地定位。第一实施例的成像元件200在弯曲部203的与成像器20的外边缘202重合的外边缘206的内侧具有有效成像区域。也就是说，成像元件200的有效成像区域形成在弯曲部203的除外边缘206之外的部分处。
如图3所示，成像元件200接收来自目标区域的已经沿着光轴Al穿过透镜构件10的光。因此，由于透镜构件10的正光焦度，光学图像3形成在弯曲部203中成像元件200的有效成像区域上。相反，目标区域的光学图像3不形成弯曲部203的位于成像元件200的有效成像区域之外的外边缘206上。成像元件200被配置为捕获在有效成像区域上形成的目标区域的光学图像3并且输出捕获信号。
图1所示的成像基板30安置于从目标区域到成像器20的光的光路之外。成像基板30相对于透镜构件10位于成像器20的相反侧上。成像基板30是具有在垂直于来自目标区域的光的光轴Al的方向上延伸的平坦形状的电路板。成像基板30包括彼此集成的基部基板300和软的柔性印刷电路板(FPC)301。基部基板300由具有高导热性的硬质材料-例如不锈钢(SUS)-制成。作为成像基板30的一部分的成像电路302被包括在成像基板30的柔性印刷电路板301中或安装在成像基板30的柔性印刷电路板301上。
成像电路302包括多个电路元件。成像电路302引线接合(wire-bonded)到成像器20的位于成像器20外边缘202的外侧上的部分303。在第一实施例中，部分303位于弯曲部203的外边缘206的外侧上。因此，成像电路302与成像器20的成像元件200电连接。成像电路302被配置为控制由成像元件200进行的捕获。因此，成像电路302被配置为处理从成像元件200输出的捕获信号。此外，成像电路302可以被配置为通过对从成像元件200输出的捕获信号执行图像处理来生成指示目标区域的捕获结果的图像信号。
光传输构件40位于来自目标区域的光的光路上并且位于透镜构件10与成像器20之间。光传输构件40由具有低热膨胀系数的透明硬质材料(例如玻璃)制成。光传输构件40具有厚片形状并且被透镜构件10和成像器20夹在中间。
光传输构件40的一侧是在远离透镜构件10的方向上朝向成像器20凹入的输入凹面400。光传输构件40的另一侧是在远离透镜构件10的方向上朝向成像器20凸出的输出凸面401。面400、401在包括图1所示横截面的任何横截面中具有包括非球形和球形形状的弯曲形状。输入凹面400具有与透镜构件10的输出透镜表面101基本互补的弯曲形状。输出凸面401具有与成像器20的输入凹面204基本互补的弯曲形状。
输入凹面400与输出透镜表面101同轴对准并且紧贴输出透镜表面101。第一实施例的输入凹面400通过光学粘合剂等物理地接合并且固定到透镜构件10的输出透镜表面101，由此光传输构件40与透镜构件10集成在一起。相反，输出凸面401与输入凹面204同轴对准并且紧贴输入凹面204。第一实施例的输出凸面401与成像器20的输入凹面204物理分离并堆叠在成像器20的输入凹面204上。
因此，光传输构件40将透镜构件10和成像器20彼此光学耦合(opticallycouples)。光传输构件40允许来自目标区域的已经穿过透镜构件10的光沿着光轴A1透过光传输构件40到达成像器20。
透镜镜筒50被布置成使得从来自目标区域的朝向成像器20的光的光路的外围延伸到光路外的部分。透镜镜筒50位于部件10-40的外部。透镜镜筒50由具有低热膨胀系数的遮光硬材料(例如热固性树脂)制成。透镜镜筒50具有在两侧具有开口的阶梯式圆筒形状。
透镜镜筒50的小直径侧上的开口端部500外部装配并且固定到透镜构件10和光传输构件40。透镜镜筒50的大直径侧上的端面与柔性印刷电路板301的背离基部基板300的表面304贴合并粘合到柔性印刷电路板301的背离基部基板300的表面304。因此，由透镜镜筒50支撑的透镜构件10和光传输构件40也通过透镜镜筒50被成像基板30间接地支撑。
图1所示的基座60设置在从目标区域到成像器20的光的光路的外侧。基座60位于成像器20的弯曲部203的与透镜构件10和光传输构件40相反的相反侧上。基座60位于弯曲部203与成像基板30的柔性印刷电路板301之间。基座60由具有低热膨胀系数的遮光硬材料(例如热固性树脂)制成。基座60具有在两侧具有开口的直筒形状。基座60包括支撑部601和流体空间602。
支撑部601是基座60的筒壁或侧壁。支撑部601的一侧端面与成像器20的散热凸面205的外边缘202(第一实施例中的弯曲部203的外边缘206)贴合并粘合到成像器20的散热凸面205的外边缘202。因此，支撑部601支撑成像器20的外边缘202，目标区域的光学图像3基本上不形成在成像器20的外边缘202上。支撑部601的另一侧端面与成像基板30的柔性印刷电路板301的表面304贴合并粘合到成像基板30的柔性印刷电路板301的表面304。透镜镜筒50也粘合到表面304。因此，由支撑部601支撑的成像器20也由成像基板30间接支撑。
流体空间602被限定在支撑部601的内侧。流体空间602由支撑部601、成像器20的弯曲部203、和成像基板30的柔性印刷电路板301限定。弯曲部203的散热凸面205完全覆盖支撑部601的一个开口且暴露于被限定在支撑部601内侧的流体空间602。柔性印刷电路板301的表面304完全覆盖支撑部601的另一个开口并且暴露于流体空间602。因此，在成像元件200中产生的热从散热凸面205消散到流体空间602。此外，在成像基板30中产生的热从表面304消散到流体空间602。由于从散热凸面205和表面304消散的热而经历对流的散热流体被封闭在流体空间602中。在第一实施例中，空气被用作散热流体603。
根据以上描述的第一实施例，来自目标区域的光进入其中的透镜构件10和其中光学图形3形成在弯曲部203上的成像器20通过光传输构件40彼此光学耦合，光传输构件40允许来自透镜构件10的光透射过光传输构件40传输到成像器20。据此，在弯曲部203的入射侧(光由此进入弯曲部203)上，光的光学特性的改变可被折射率可能稳定的光传输构件40抑制。
根据第一实施例，在弯曲部203的与光传输构件40相反的相反侧上，散热流体603在其中经历对流的流体空间602被限定在支撑所述成像器20的外边缘202的支撑部601的内侧。据此，由于从弯曲部203消散到流体空间602的热量被传递到散热流体603，因此经历对流的散热流体603表现为散热。
根据第一实施例，可通过抑制光学特性的改变来实现高捕获精度，并且可同时实现散热。
在第一实施例的流体空间602中，空气被封闭作为散热流体603。据此可以提高散热结构的制造能力和生产率。
第一实施例的支撑部601支撑在其上不形成光学图像3的成像器20外边缘202。据此，除了在其上不形成光学图像3的外边缘202之外，在其上形成光学图像3的弯曲部203的一部分可暴露于流体空间602。因此，可以获得高捕获精度和高散热。
在第一实施例中，通过引线接合而连接到成像器20的成像基板30从与弯曲部203相反的另一侧暴露于被限定在筒形支撑部601中的流体空间602。据此，由于从成像基板30消散到流体空间602的热被传递到散热流体603，因此经历对流的散热流体603表现出散热性能。因此，通过抑制光学特性的改变可实现高捕获精度，并且可同时实现高散热性能。
根据第一实施例，除了支撑成像器20的弯曲部203的基座60之外，透镜构件10和光传输构件40由固定到成像基板30的透镜镜筒50支撑。据此，将光传输构件40夹在中间的透镜构件10和成像器20可精确地光学定位。因此，可以结合抑制光学特性的改变来提高捕获精度。
根据第一实施例，具有朝向成像器20凸出的输出透镜表面101的透镜构件10对光提供正光焦度。据此，通过与在远离透镜构件10的方向上弯曲的弯曲部203配合，甚至利用小的成像器20都可以加宽确定目标区域的视角。因此，可能抑制来自宽目标区域的光的光学特性的改变并提高捕获精度。
根据第一实施例的光传输构件40，输入凹面400与透镜构件10的输出透镜表面101贴合，并且输出凸面401与成像器20的弯曲部203贴合。据此，将光传输构件40夹在中间的透镜构件10和成像器20可光学地精确定位。此外，可固定要求被加宽视角的成像器20的弯曲部203的形状。因此，可以结合光学特性的改变的抑制来提高捕获精度。
根据第一实施例，光传输构件40的输入凹面400物理地接合(bonded)到透镜构件10的输出透镜表面101。据此，将光传输构件40夹在中间的透镜构件10和成像器20可被精确地定位。因此，可以结合光学特性的改变的抑制来提高捕获精度。
第一实施例的相机模块1被配置为捕获车辆外部的目标区域。根据上述原理，即使在趋于变热的车辆中，也可以通过抑制光学特性的改变来实现高捕获精度，并且可以同时实现高散热性能。
(第二实施例)
图4所示的第二实施例是第一实施例的变型。
在第二实施例中，散热流体2603被封闭在流体空间602中，因为热量从成像器20的弯曲部203的散热凸面205和从成像基板30的柔性印刷电路板301的表面304消散而经历对流。散热流体2603可以是具有10W/m·K或更高的高热导率的液态金属，例如液态Ga-In-Sn合金。
如上所述，散热流体2603被包围在第二实施例的流体空间602中。据此可表现出高的散热。
(其他实施例)
虽然上面已经描述了多个实施例，但是本公开不被解释为限于这些实施例，并且可以应用于不脱离本公开的主旨的范围内的各种实施例和组合。
在第一和第二实施例的一个变型示例中，透镜构件10可以是单凸透镜，其中仅输出透镜表面101是凸出的，如图5所示。在这种情况下，输入透镜表面100可以是如图5所示的平坦表面，或是凹面(未示出)，只要透镜构件10对穿过其中的光提供正光焦度即可。
在第一和第二实施例的另一变型示例中，如图6所示，由基座60的支撑部601支撑的成像器20的外边缘202可以是平坦的。在这种情况下，成像器20的弯曲部203位于外边缘202的内侧，如图6所示。此外，在这种情况下，成像元件200的有效成像区域形成在位于成像器20的外边缘202内侧的弯曲部203的至少一部分中。
在第一和第二实施例的另一变型示例中，如图7所示，成像基板30可以是印刷电路板305，其具有在诸如树脂、陶瓷或氧化铝的基部材料上的印刷导线。在这种情况下，表面304是印刷电路板305的一侧。
在第一实施例和第二实施例的另一变型示例中，如图8所示，彼此物理地接合的透镜构件10或光传输构件40中的一个不被透镜镜筒50支撑。在图8中，光传输构件40不被透镜镜筒50支撑。在第一和第二实施例的另一变型示例中，光传输构件40可以与透镜构件10物理地分离，并且光传输构件40的输入凹面400可以被堆叠在透镜构件10的输入透镜表面101上。
在第一和第二实施例的另一变型示例中，光传输构件40的输出凸面401可以通过光学粘合剂等物理地接合到成像器20的输入凹面204。在此情况下，如图9所示，可省略透镜镜筒50。
在第一实施例的一个变型示例中，如图10所示，基座60的支撑部601可以具有通气孔604，流体空间602和外部通过通气孔604彼此连通。在这种情况下，如图10所示，透镜镜筒50可具有通气孔501，透镜镜筒50的内部和外部通过通气孔501彼此连通。
在第二实施例的一个变型示例中，散热流体2603可以是不同于液体金属的流体，例如水。在第一和第二实施例的另一变型示例中，相机模块1可以安装在除车辆之外的物体上。
本领域技术人员将容易想到另外的优点和修改。因此，本公开在其更广泛的术语不限于所示出和描述的具体细节、代表性装置和说明性示例。

Claims (10)

1.一种相机模块(1)，其被配置为捕获目标区域的光学图像(3)，所述相机模块包括：
透镜构件(10)，其被配置为接收来自所述目标区域的光；
成像器(20)，其具有在远离所述透镜构件的方向上凸出的弯曲部(203)，所述成像器被配置为捕获通过穿过所述透镜构件的光在所述弯曲部上形成的所述光学图像；
光传输构件(40)，其光学耦合所述透镜构件和所述成像器，所述光传输构件允许来自所述透镜构件的光朝向所述成像器传输；以及
基座(60)，其具有
支撑部(601)，其支撑所述成像器的外边缘(202)；以及
被限定在所述支撑部的内侧的流体空间(602)，散热流体(603、2603)在所述流体空间中经历对流，其中
所述基座的所述支撑部和所述流体空间位于所述弯曲部的与所述光传输构件相反的一侧上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的相机模块，其中，空气被封闭在所述流体空间中作为所述散热流体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的相机模块，其中，液体被封闭在所述流体空间中作为所述散热流体。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的相机模块，其中，所述支撑部支撑所述成像器的其上不形成光学图像的外边缘。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的相机模块，还包括：
成像基板(30)，其通过引线接合连接到所述成像器，
其中，所述支撑部具有筒形形状，并且
所述成像基板从所述支撑部的另一侧暴露于所述流体空间，所述另一侧是所述弯曲部所在一侧的相反侧。
6.根据权利要求5所述的相机模块，还包括
透镜镜筒(50)，其被配置为保持所述透镜构件和所述光传输构件，
其中，所述基座和所述透镜镜筒被固定到所述成像基板。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的相机模块，其中，
所述透镜构件具有朝向所述成像器凸出的输出透镜表面(101)，并且
所述透镜构件被配置为对光提供正光焦度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的相机模块，其中，
所述光传输构件具有
输入凹面(400)，其与所述输出透镜表面贴合；以及
输出凸面(401)，其与所述弯曲部贴合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的相机模块，其中，
所述输出透镜表面和所述输入凹面彼此物理地接合。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的相机模块，其中，
所述相机模块被配置为捕获车辆外部的目标区域。
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