CN113861493A - 一种阻燃热固型eps泡沫板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种阻燃热固型eps泡沫板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板及其制备方法,所述泡沫板是以EPS泡沫粒子为基核,基体外壳是包覆改性防火层,是以热固性树脂作为包覆复合材料的基体,对预发泡熟化过的EPS泡沫进行包覆,再在模具内加热膨胀固化成型。在制备包覆复合材料时,采用研磨混合的方法,减少了有机分散剂溶液的使用,降低了成本,减少了有机溶液在使用和储存中存在的安全风险。所得EPS泡沫板制品具有优异的阻燃防火性和力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑和包装行业使用的轻质、防火保温材料,具体涉及一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚苯乙烯(EPS)泡沫由于具有优异的隔热保温性,突出的抗震缓冲性,出色的防水和抗老化性,应用领域广泛,其成型工艺简单,设备操作容易,可塑成各种形状、各种密度、质量轻、泡孔密、成本低的泡沫制品。但其制品具有易燃性,燃烧时会熔滴,产生大量浓烟和有毒气体和熔滴,直接使用会导致严重的安全隐患。
通过对EPS的改性处理能够很好的增强其防火性,在现有的改性技术中,溶液混合包覆热固改性是采用溶液混合方法制成复合包覆材料,在改性聚苯板设备内通过溶液包覆的方法,包裹预发熟化的EPS泡沫粒子,再在模具内加热膨胀固化成型,其制品具有良好的阻燃防火性和一定的力学性能。以热固性树脂作为复合包覆材料的基体,添加其他阻燃剂时制成复合包覆材料时,需要使用有机溶液的分散剂来达到有效的分散混合效果,而有机溶液的使用在工业生产过程中,存在难运输、难保存、易燃、易挥发等问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板及其制备方法。
一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板,要由包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子组成,所述包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子以EPS泡沫粒子为基体,基体外包覆阻燃层外壳,所述外壳主要成分为:包覆基材酚醛树脂,阻燃补强剂可膨胀石墨,协同磷系阻燃剂聚磷酸铵和阻燃复配剂硼酸锌。
本发明还提供了一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将EPS原料粒子放入间歇式预发机内进行预发泡,再在熟化仓内进行熟化得到发泡熟化一次的EPS泡沫粒子;
S2、将酚醛树脂、可膨胀石墨、硼酸锌和聚磷酸铵在研磨设备里碾碎研磨混合均匀得到包覆复合材料;
S3、将s1所得泡沫粒子和s2所得包覆复合材料混合搅拌,得到包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子;
S4、将上述所得泡沫粒子放入模具内,再次加热膨胀固化成型,冷却顶出切割后得到所述阻燃热固性EPS泡沫板。
优选地、s1步骤中:所述EPS原料粒子的粒径为0.3-0.7mm,所述预发泡时间2-7min,熟化12-20h。
优选地、s2步骤中:所述聚磷酸铵加入量是所述酚醛树脂的15%-20%,所述可膨胀石墨加入量是所述酚醛树脂的25%-35%,所述硼酸锌加入量是所述可膨胀石墨质量的40%-50%。
优选地、所述S4步骤中:所述模压成型的加热温度为100-120℃,时间为15-30min。
本发明的优点在于:
1、可膨胀石墨价格低、低烟无毒、阻燃效率高,受热会膨胀数百倍,生成的碳层能够覆盖基体表面,阻止氧气和热量的传递,在本发明中,可膨胀石墨作为阻燃补强剂,加入少量的硼酸锌能进一步提高其成碳质量,在聚磷酸铵的协同作用下,能够很好的增加所述制品的阻燃防火性能。
2、通过研磨混合的方法制备了包覆复合材料,减少了有机分散剂溶液的使用,降低了成本,减少了有机溶液在使用和储存中存在的安全风险。该方法得到的包覆复合材料的混合分散均匀度更优,搅拌包覆制得的EPS泡沫板较传统溶液混合包覆制的的EPS泡沫板,阻燃性和综合力学性能都有一定的提升。
具体实施方式
现在对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明公开了一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板及其制备方法,所述制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将粒径为0.3-0.7mm的EPS原料粒子放入间歇式预发机内预发泡2-7min,再在熟化仓内进行熟化12-20h得到发泡熟化一次的EPS泡沫粒子;
S2、将酚醛树脂、可膨胀石墨、硼酸锌和聚磷酸铵在研磨设备里碾碎研磨混合均匀得到包覆复合材料,所述聚磷酸铵加入量是所述酚醛树脂的15%-20%,所述可膨胀石墨加入量是所述酚醛树脂的25%-35%,所述硼酸锌加入量是所述可膨胀石墨质量的40%-50%;
S3、将s1所得泡沫粒子和s2所得包覆复合材料混合搅拌,得到包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子;
S4、将上述所得泡沫粒子放入模具内,在100-120℃再次加热膨胀固化成型,冷却顶出切割后得到所述阻燃热固性EPS泡沫板。
下面以五种案例制得的五种产品做性能对比,其中对比例1为空白实验方案,制得的是未改性处理的EPS泡沫板材;对比例2是使用乙醇作为分散剂通过溶液共混法制备包覆复合材料溶液,在溶液中对发泡熟化一次的EPS泡沫粒子进行包覆;实施例1-3是本发明提供的制备方法。其各组成配方见表1。
表1:
对比例1:
S1、选用100份0.5mm的EPS原料粒子,发泡剂正戊烷5份,在间歇式预发机内70℃温度下预发泡4min,再在熟化仓内35℃下进行熟化15h得到发泡熟化一次的EPS泡沫粒子。
S2、将上述所得泡沫粒子放入模具内,110℃温度下再次加热膨胀固化成型20min,冷却顶出切割后得到所述阻燃热固性EPS泡沫板产品A。
对比例2:
S1、选用100份0.5mm的EPS原料粒子,发泡剂正戊烷5份,在间歇式预发机内70℃温度下预发泡4min,再在熟化仓内35℃下进行熟化15h得到发泡熟化一次的EPS泡沫粒子;
S2、将200份酚醛树脂充分溶解在400份乙醇溶液中,加入60份可膨胀石墨、27份硼酸锌和34份聚磷酸铵搅拌混合均匀,在通风干燥处加热搅拌4h得到包覆复合材料溶液,同时使乙醇挥发,减少乙醇含量。
S3、将s1所得泡沫粒子和s2所得包覆复合材料溶液在改性设备中混合搅拌,搅拌30min得到包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子。
S4、将上述所得泡沫粒子放入模具内,110℃温度下再次加热膨胀固化成型20min,冷却顶出切割后得到所述阻燃热固性EPS泡沫板产品B。
实施例1:
S1、选用100份0.5mm的EPS原料粒子,发泡剂正戊烷5份,在间歇式预发机内70℃温度下预发泡4min,再在熟化仓内35℃下进行熟化15h得到发泡熟化一次的EPS泡沫粒子。
S2、将200份酚醛树脂、60份可膨胀石墨、27份硼酸锌和34份聚磷酸铵在研磨设备里碾碎研磨混合均匀,研磨1h得到包覆复合材料。
S3、将s1所得泡沫粒子和s2所得包覆复合材料混合搅拌,搅拌30min得到包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子。
S4、将上述所得泡沫粒子放入模具内,110℃温度下再次加热膨胀固化成型20min,冷却顶出切割后得到所述阻燃热固性EPS泡沫板产品C。
实施例2:
S1、选用100份0.3mm的EPS原料粒子,发泡剂正戊烷5份,在间歇式预发机内70℃温度下预发泡2min,再在熟化仓内35℃下进行熟化12h得到发泡熟化一次的EPS泡沫粒子。
S2、将200份酚醛树脂、50份可膨胀石墨、20份硼酸锌和30份聚磷酸铵在研磨设备里碾碎研磨混合均匀,研磨1h得到包覆复合材料。
S3、将s1所得泡沫粒子和s2所得包覆复合材料混合搅拌,搅拌30min得到包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子。
S4、将上述所得泡沫粒子放入模具内,100℃温度下再次加热膨胀固化成型30min,冷却顶出切割后得到所述阻燃热固性EPS泡沫板产品D。
实施例3:
S1、选用100份0.7mm的EPS原料粒子,发泡剂正戊烷5份,在间歇式预发机内70℃温度下预发泡7min,再在熟化仓内35℃下进行熟化18h得到发泡熟化一次的EPS泡沫粒子。
S2、将200份酚醛树脂、70份可膨胀石墨、35份硼酸锌和40份聚磷酸铵在研磨设备里碾碎研磨混合均匀,研磨1h得到包覆复合材料。
S3、将s1所得泡沫粒子和s2所得包覆复合材料混合搅拌,搅拌30min得到包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子。
S4、将上述所得泡沫粒子放入模具内,120℃温度下再次加热膨胀固化成型15min,冷却顶出切割后得到所述阻燃热固性EPS泡沫板产品E。
对产品A、B、C、D、E做力学性能测试和燃烧性能测试,依据GB/T8813-2008对泡沫试样进行压缩强度性能测试,以恒定的速率5mm/min对试样进行压缩,测定达到10%相对形变量时的压缩应力。依据GB/T9641-1988对泡沫试样进行拉伸强度性能测试,拉伸速率为5mm/min。依据GB/T9341-2008对泡沫试样进行弯曲强度性能测试,试验速率设定为10mm/min。依据GB/T2406.2-2009对泡沫试样进行氧指数的测定,指一定的情况下,泡沫试样在一定比例的混合氮气氧气中,刚好维持试样燃烧所需最低氧浓度,以氧气的体积分数表示。依据GB/T2408-2008对泡沫试样进行垂直燃烧等级测定,指按一定的火焰高度和一定的施焰角度对垂直状态的泡沫试样定时施燃若干次,以泡沫试样点燃、灼热燃烧的持续时间和泡沫试样下铺垫的引燃物是否引燃来评定其燃烧性。测试后,各项性能如表2。
表2:
由表2可知,本发明制得的产品C、D、E都有良好的力学性能和阻燃效果。产品C较产品A压缩强度提高了181.8%,拉伸强度提高了406.5%,弯曲强度提高了291.7%,极限氧指数提高了113.7%,产品C较产品B压缩强度提高了8.8%,拉伸强度降低了3.7%,弯曲强度提高了5.7%,极限氧指数提高了3.2%,产品C综合性能高于产品B。
Claims (5)
1.一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板,特征在于,主要由包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子组成,所述包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子以EPS泡沫粒子为基体,基体外包覆阻燃层外壳,所述外壳主要成分为:酚醛树脂,可膨胀石墨,聚磷酸铵和硼酸锌。
2.一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将EPS原料粒子放入间歇式预发机内进行预发泡,再在熟化仓内进行熟化得到发泡熟化一次的EPS泡沫粒子;
S2、将酚醛树脂、可膨胀石墨、硼酸锌和聚磷酸铵在研磨设备里碾碎研磨混合均匀得到包覆复合材料;
S3、将s1所得泡沫粒子和s2所得包覆复合材料混合搅拌,得到包覆阻燃层的EPS泡沫粒子;
S4、将上述所得泡沫粒子放入模具内,再次加热膨胀固化成型,冷却顶出切割后得到所述阻燃热固性EPS泡沫板。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板的制备方法,其特征在于,s1步骤中:所述EPS原料粒子的粒径为0.3-0.7mm,所述预发泡时间2-7min,熟化12-20h。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板的制备方法,其特征在于,s2步骤中:所述聚磷酸铵加入量是所述酚醛树脂的15%-20%,所述可膨胀石墨加入量是所述酚醛树脂的25%-35%,所述硼酸锌加入量是所述可膨胀石墨质量的40%-50%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃热固型EPS泡沫板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S4步骤中:所述模压成型的加热温度为100-120℃,时间为15-30min。
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