CN110982196A - 一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料 - Google Patents

一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料 Download PDF

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CN110982196A
CN110982196A CN201911329310.7A CN201911329310A CN110982196A CN 110982196 A CN110982196 A CN 110982196A CN 201911329310 A CN201911329310 A CN 201911329310A CN 110982196 A CN110982196 A CN 110982196A
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fireproof
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张旻澍
杨榕盛
邱梅
黄宇
翟镇辉
林琼萍
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Xiamen Zhaotaiyun Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及防火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其中材料的原料组分包括有发泡剂、稳泡剂、水性粘合剂、偶联剂、玻璃纤维、石灰石、异氰酸酯、聚氯乙烯树脂和阻燃剂,其中发泡剂可选用偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈或碳酸氢钠,偶联剂选用偶联剂DL171,稳泡剂为聚氨酯和烷基醇酰胺的混合物;通过本发明提供方法所制备的泡沫防火材料,通过以异氰酸酯和聚氯乙烯树脂为基材进行交联发泡,具有良好的绝缘线性、耐热性和阻燃效果,且此种泡沫塑料材料产品的制备工艺较为简单,有利于工业化大量生产,适合于作为充电站的防火材料投入使用。

Description

一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料
技术领域
本发明涉及防火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料。
背景技术
当今能源愈加紧缺,电动汽车由于其具有低能耗、低噪声、低碳排放、高安全性等优点而具有广阔的市场前景,电动汽车充电站——充电桩也随之得到大力推广。充电桩充电机组工作时会产生大量的热量,现有一体式充电桩采用风扇主动式散热方式,效果不佳,加上内部线路老化或串电等问题,充电桩火灾事故时有发生,不仅导致充电桩系统受损严重,更有可能对充电的车辆或人员造成损失,引发严重后果。因此用于制造充电站和充电桩的外壳材料,需要具备有效的防火效果以保证基本的安全性。
泡沫塑料是由大量气体微孔分散于固体塑料中而形成的一类高分子材料,具有质轻、隔热、吸音、减震等特性,且介电性能优于基体树脂,与纯塑料相比,它具有很多优良的性能,如质轻、比强度高、可吸收冲击载荷、隔热和隔音性能好等,其在工业、农业、建筑、交通运输等领域得到了广泛应用,且泡沫塑料可用作于制造充电站外壳的基本材料,但普通材质泡沫塑料的阻燃和防火效果比较有限。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明提供了一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,通过本发明提供方法所制备的泡沫防火材料,通过以异氰酸酯和聚氯乙烯树脂为基材进行交联发泡,具有良好的绝缘线性、耐热性和阻燃效果且制备工艺较为简单,有利于工业化大量生产,适合于作为充电站的防火材料投入使用。
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其中各原料成分按重量份计:发泡剂6~12份、稳泡剂4~7份、水性粘合剂6~10份、偶联剂8~11份、玻璃纤维4~13份、石灰石4~8份、异氰酸酯15~18份、聚氯乙烯树脂25~35份和阻燃剂7~10份。
具体的,制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将玻璃纤维、异氰酸酯和阻燃剂一同加入搅拌器中,在120~150r/min的转速下搅拌混合0.5h,得混合物A;
S2:将聚氯乙烯树脂、石灰石和水性粘合剂和适量的水一同加入到反应釜并升温至160℃搅拌共混0.5~1h,得反应溶胶B;
S3:将混合物A、反应溶胶B、偶联剂、稳泡剂、发泡剂在均匀混合后投入到模具中,再后在发泡设备内进行发泡处理;
S4:将上述铸膜成型后的泡沫塑料放入烘箱中并填充保护气体,在40~50℃下恒温烘烤6~8h,最后取出冷却即得到泡沫防火材料终产品。
优选的,S1中玻璃纤维在与异氰酸酯进行加热混合前,先将其物料放入纤维粉碎机中粉碎为长度为8~30mm的短状纤维。
优选的,S3中发泡过程为令物料在80~90℃下发泡固化1~2h。
优选的,S4中的保护气体为二氧化碳、氮气、氦气或氩气其中一种或几种的混合物,优选为氮气和二氧化碳按2:3调配的混合气体。
优选的,所述发泡剂选用偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈或碳酸氢钠其中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述偶联剂选用偶联剂DL171,所述稳泡剂为聚氨酯和烷基醇酰胺的混合物。
优选的,所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷、八溴醚、磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、氢氧化铝其中的一种或几种。
与现有技术相比较,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明的防火材料通过将破碎为短状的玻璃纤维与异氰酸酯和阻燃剂原料共混以来增强泡沫塑料的结构韧性和耐热性效果,通过在聚氯乙烯树脂原料中融入石灰石粉料来提高原料的阻燃效果,在制备工艺中通过将异氰酸酯和聚氯乙烯树脂分布调和后再配合偶联剂和稳泡剂共同进行加热发泡固化处理,使得其增韧作用的纤维组织、阻燃剂和石灰石成分能够充分形成紧密的交联结构,最终形成泡孔较小的泡沫素材并使得合成材料具有较的低介电常数、优良的冲击韧性和电绝缘性,提高泡沫防火材料结构的致密程度和稳态性。本发明制备的泡沫防火材料通过以异氰酸酯和聚氯乙烯树脂为基材进行交联发泡,具有良好的绝缘线性、耐热性和阻燃效果且制备工艺较为简单,有利于工业化大量生产,适合于作为充电站的防火材料投入使用。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1:
一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其中各原料成分按重量份计:发泡剂6份、稳泡剂7份、水性粘合剂10份、偶联剂11份、玻璃纤维4份、石灰石4份、异氰酸酯18份、聚氯乙烯树脂35份和阻燃剂10份。
具体的,制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将玻璃纤维、异氰酸酯和阻燃剂一同加入搅拌器中,在140r/min的转速下搅拌混合0.5h,得混合物A;
S2:将聚氯乙烯树脂、石灰石和水性粘合剂和适量的水一同加入到反应釜并升温至160℃搅拌共混0.5h,得反应溶胶B;
S3:将混合物A、反应溶胶B、偶联剂、稳泡剂、发泡剂在均匀混合后投入到模具中,再后在发泡设备内进行发泡处理;
S4:将上述铸膜成型后的泡沫塑料放入烘箱中并填充保护气体,在45℃下恒温烘烤6h,最后取出冷却即得到泡沫防火材料终产品。
优选的,S1中玻璃纤维在与异氰酸酯进行加热混合前,先将其物料放入纤维粉碎机中粉碎为长度为8~30mm的短状纤维。
优选的,S3中发泡过程为令物料在85℃下发泡固化1h。
优选的,S4中的保护气体为为氮气和二氧化碳按2:3调配的混合气体。
优选的,所述发泡剂选用偶氮二甲酰胺。
优选的,所述偶联剂选用偶联剂DL171,所述稳泡剂为聚氨酯和烷基醇酰胺的混合物。
优选的,所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷、八溴醚和磷酸三苯酯的混合物。
实施例2:
一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其中各原料成分按重量份计:发泡剂6份、稳泡剂7份、水性粘合剂6份、偶联剂8份、玻璃纤维10份、石灰石5份、异氰酸酯18份、聚氯乙烯树脂30份和阻燃剂7份。
具体的,制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将玻璃纤维、异氰酸酯和阻燃剂一同加入搅拌器中,在120r/min的转速下搅拌混合0.5h,得混合物A;
S2:将聚氯乙烯树脂、石灰石和水性粘合剂和适量的水一同加入到反应釜并升温至160℃搅拌共混1h,得反应溶胶B;
S3:将混合物A、反应溶胶B、偶联剂、稳泡剂、发泡剂在均匀混合后投入到模具中,再后在发泡设备内进行发泡处理;
S4:将上述铸膜成型后的泡沫塑料放入烘箱中并填充保护气体,在50℃下恒温烘烤7h,最后取出冷却即得到泡沫防火材料终产品。
优选的,S1中玻璃纤维在与异氰酸酯进行加热混合前,先将其物料放入纤维粉碎机中粉碎为长度为8~30mm的短状纤维。
优选的,S3中发泡过程为令物料在80℃下发泡固化1.5h。
优选的,S4中的保护气体为二氧化碳、氮气、氦气或氩气其中一种或几种的混合物,优选为氮气和氦气按2:1调配的混合气体。
优选的,所述发泡剂选用偶氮二异丁腈和碳酸氢钠按1:1比例调配的混合物。
优选的,所述偶联剂选用偶联剂DL171,所述稳泡剂为聚氨酯和烷基醇酰胺的混合物。
优选的,所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷、六溴环十二烷和氢氧化铝的混合物。
实施例3:
一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其中各原料成分按重量份计:发泡剂8份、稳泡剂7份、水性粘合剂10份、偶联剂11份、玻璃纤维8份、石灰石4份、异氰酸酯18份、聚氯乙烯树脂35份和阻燃剂7份。
具体的,制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将玻璃纤维、异氰酸酯和阻燃剂一同加入搅拌器中,在130r/min的转速下搅拌混合0.5h,得混合物A;
S2:将聚氯乙烯树脂、石灰石和水性粘合剂和适量的水一同加入到反应釜并升温至160℃搅拌共混0.5h,得反应溶胶B;
S3:将混合物A、反应溶胶B、偶联剂、稳泡剂、发泡剂在均匀混合后投入到模具中,再后在发泡设备内进行发泡处理;
S4:将上述铸膜成型后的泡沫塑料放入烘箱中并填充保护气体,在45℃下恒温烘烤6h,最后取出冷却即得到泡沫防火材料终产品。
优选的,S1中玻璃纤维在与异氰酸酯进行加热混合前,先将其物料放入纤维粉碎机中粉碎为长度为8~30mm的短状纤维。
优选的,S3中发泡过程为令物料在90℃下发泡固化2h。
优选的,S4中的保护气体为氮气和二氧化碳按2:1调配的混合气体。
优选的,所述发泡剂选用偶氮二异丁腈。
优选的,所述偶联剂选用偶联剂DL171,所述稳泡剂为聚氨酯和烷基醇酰胺的混合物。
优选的,所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷和八溴醚的混合物。
实施例4:
一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其中各原料成分按重量份计:发泡剂6份、稳泡剂5份、水性粘合剂6份、偶联剂8份、玻璃纤维13份、石灰石8份、异氰酸酯17份、聚氯乙烯树脂25~35份和阻燃剂7~10份。
具体的,制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将玻璃纤维、异氰酸酯和阻燃剂一同加入搅拌器中,在130r/min的转速下搅拌混合0.5h,得混合物A;
S2:将聚氯乙烯树脂、石灰石和水性粘合剂和适量的水一同加入到反应釜并升温至160℃搅拌共混1h,得反应溶胶B;
S3:将混合物A、反应溶胶B、偶联剂、稳泡剂、发泡剂在均匀混合后投入到模具中,再后在发泡设备内进行发泡处理;
S4:将上述铸膜成型后的泡沫塑料放入烘箱中并填充保护气体,在50℃下恒温烘烤8h,最后取出冷却即得到泡沫防火材料终产品。
优选的,S1中玻璃纤维在与异氰酸酯进行加热混合前,先将其物料放入纤维粉碎机中粉碎为长度为8~30mm的短状纤维。
优选的,S3中发泡过程为令物料在85℃下发泡固化2h。
优选的,S4中的保护气体为氦气。
优选的,所述发泡剂选用偶氮二甲酰胺。
优选的,所述偶联剂选用偶联剂DL171,所述稳泡剂为聚氨酯和烷基醇酰胺的混合物。
优选的,所述阻燃剂为八溴醚、磷酸三苯酯和氢氧化铝的混合物。
实施例5:
一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其中各原料成分按重量份计:发泡剂10份、稳泡剂7份、水性粘合剂8份、偶联剂9份、玻璃纤维12份、石灰石8份、异氰酸酯18份、聚氯乙烯树脂25份和阻燃剂10份。
具体的,制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将玻璃纤维、异氰酸酯和阻燃剂一同加入搅拌器中,在150r/min的转速下搅拌混合0.5h,得混合物A;
S2:将聚氯乙烯树脂、石灰石和水性粘合剂和适量的水一同加入到反应釜并升温至160℃搅拌共混0.5h,得反应溶胶B;
S3:将混合物A、反应溶胶B、偶联剂、稳泡剂、发泡剂在均匀混合后投入到模具中,再后在发泡设备内进行发泡处理;
S4:将上述铸膜成型后的泡沫塑料放入烘箱中并填充保护气体,在42℃下恒温烘烤6h,最后取出冷却即得到泡沫防火材料终产品。
优选的,S1中玻璃纤维在与异氰酸酯进行加热混合前,先将其物料放入纤维粉碎机中粉碎为长度为8~30mm的短状纤维。
优选的,S3中发泡过程为令物料在85℃下发泡固化1.5h。
优选的,S4中的保护气体为氩气、氮气和二氧化碳按2:1:3调配的混合气体。
优选的,所述发泡剂选用偶氮二甲酰胺和偶氮二异丁腈。
优选的,所述偶联剂选用偶联剂DL171,所述稳泡剂为聚氨酯和烷基醇酰胺的混合物。
优选的,所述阻燃剂为磷酸三苯酯和六溴环十二烷。
产品检测:
对通过上述制备方法获得的实施例1~5中的泡沫防火材料分别进行导热系数(W/mK)、阻燃等级、耐老化性和表观密度(kg/m3)的指标测试。其中导热系数采用稳态平板法(测量依据:GB/T10295-2008《绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定防护平板法》)进行测试;阻燃等级依据标准GB8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》及GB/T5424-2010《建筑材料不燃性试验方法》进行测试;表观密度按照按GB/T6343-2009标准进行测试,耐老化性测试为将各组实验材料放置在日光照射且其他无遮挡的开放户外环境下,在一定时间后观察材料表面的老化程度;并选用普通的聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料作为对比A,选用由异氰酸酯制成的普通聚氨酯泡沫塑料作为对比B,各项指标具体的测试结果参见表1。
表1
Figure BDA0002329173660000091
通过上述各组的实验数据结果表明,本发明制备得到的复合泡沫防火材料,具有良好的阻燃效果和较低的导热系数,从而提高了材料的防火性能,并且本发明提供的泡沫防火材料相比于一般的聚氯乙烯或聚氨酯材质的泡沫塑料更加耐用,适合进行推广使用。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其特征在于,其中各原料成分按重量份计:发泡剂6~12份、稳泡剂4~7份、水性粘合剂6~10份、偶联剂8~11份、玻璃纤维4~13份、石灰石4~8份、异氰酸酯15~18份、聚氯乙烯树脂25~35份和阻燃剂7~10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其中各原料成分按重量份计:发泡剂8份、稳泡剂6份、水性粘合剂8份、偶联剂9份、玻璃纤维7份、石灰石5份、异氰酸酯16份、聚氯乙烯树脂30份和阻燃剂10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其特征在于,具体的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1:将玻璃纤维、异氰酸酯和阻燃剂一同加入搅拌器中,在120~150r/min的转速下搅拌混合0.5h,得混合物A;
S2:将聚氯乙烯树脂、石灰石和水性粘合剂和适量的水一同加入到反应釜并升温至160℃搅拌共混0.5~1h,得反应溶胶B;
S3:将混合物A、反应溶胶B、偶联剂、稳泡剂、发泡剂在均匀混合后投入到模具中,再后在发泡设备内进行发泡处理;
S4:将上述铸膜成型后的泡沫塑料放入烘箱中并填充保护气体,在40~50℃下恒温烘烤6~8h,最后取出冷却即得到泡沫防火材料终产品。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其特征在于:S1中玻璃纤维在与异氰酸酯进行加热混合前,先将其物料放入纤维粉碎机中粉碎为长度为8~30mm的短状纤维。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其特征在于:S3中发泡过程为令物料在80~90℃下发泡固化1~2h。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其特征在于:S4中的保护气体为二氧化碳、氮气、氦气或氩气其中一种或几种的混合物,优选为氮气和二氧化碳按2:3调配的混合气体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其特征在于:所述发泡剂选用偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈或碳酸氢钠其中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其特征在于:所述偶联剂选用偶联剂DL171,所述稳泡剂为聚氨酯和烷基醇酰胺的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于充电站的泡沫防火材料,其特征在于:所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯乙烷、八溴醚、磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、氢氧化铝其中的一种或几种。
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Application publication date: 20200410