CN113857252B - Multilayer composite sheet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multilayer composite sheet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113857252B CN113857252B CN202111145980.0A CN202111145980A CN113857252B CN 113857252 B CN113857252 B CN 113857252B CN 202111145980 A CN202111145980 A CN 202111145980A CN 113857252 B CN113857252 B CN 113857252B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005237 degreasing agent Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
- B21B47/02—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal for folding sheets before rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
- B21B2003/001—Aluminium or its alloys
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a multilayer composite sheet. The preparation method of the multilayer composite sheet comprises the following steps: processing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to the required shape and size, wherein the obtained three layers of plate-shaped alloy can be combined into a cylinder, the magnesium alloy in the cylinder is positioned between two layers of aluminum alloy, and the joint surfaces of the two layers of aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy are all S-shaped cambered surfaces; polishing the prepared aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials, cleaning, and assembling and combining the cleaned alloy materials to fix the alloy materials into a cylinder; preheating the assembled blank, and then extruding and forming to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite board; sawing the composite board; preheating the saw cut plate, stacking the preheated composite plate up and down, and then carrying out multi-pass and multi-directional hot rolling to obtain an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum composite sheet; and (5) carrying out heat flattening on the rolled composite sheet, and then cooling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a multilayer composite sheet.
Background
Magnesium and its alloy have the advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, good thermal conductivity, excellent electromagnetic shielding and damping performances, easy machining and the like, are the lightest metal structural materials in practical application, have the density of only 2/3 of that of aluminum alloy and 1/4 of that of steel, are ideal lightweight structural materials, and have remarkable low-density characteristics, so that the magnesium and its alloy have very wide markets in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, rail transportation, 3C and the like.
Although magnesium alloy has remarkable light-weight advantages, pure magnesium electrode has low potential, loose and porous oxide film on the surface, poor corrosion resistance, and relatively low absolute strength of magnesium compared with other metals, and is difficult to be used as a main bearing component, and the defects limit the wide use of magnesium. Although alloying method can be adopted, and alloying elements such as Al, zn, ca, mn or rare earth elements are added into pure magnesium to increase the strength of the pure magnesium and improve the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance, the defects can be improved only in a certain range, and the quality change is difficult. And the metal sheet which has good corrosion resistance and has excellent plasticity and low density can certainly well solve the problems by covering one side or two sides of the surface of the magnesium alloy sheet. Aluminum is the most widely distributed element in the crust, with an average content of 8.8%, next to oxygen and silicon and in the third place. The density was 2.72g/cm3, which was about 1/3 of that of steel. Aluminum and its alloy have the advantages of small specific gravity, strong corrosion resistance, high specific strength, good heat dissipation, strong conductivity, excellent plastic workability, good surface decoration, etc. And aluminum and magnesium are adjacent elements in the periodic table, so that metallic bonding is easier to form between magnesium aluminum. Therefore, magnesium and aluminum are laminated and compounded by a certain connecting technology to prepare the magnesium-aluminum composite board with the advantages of magnesium and aluminum, and the comprehensive performance of the magnesium-aluminum composite board is superior to that of a single magnesium or aluminum board.
In the prior art, the main connecting processes of the metal composite plate mainly comprise a diffusion welding method, an explosion compounding method, a friction welding method and the like, and the methods have the defects of high cost, low efficiency, complex process, unstable plate performance and the like, so that large-scale industrial production is difficult to carry out. The extrusion process can give full play to the plasticity of the material and improve the alloy structure performance, and is easy to realize industrialized continuous production, thus being an ideal plastic processing method for preparing magnesium alloy plates. The research on preparing the metal composite board by adopting the extrusion process is limited at present through searching the prior literature, and how to design the extrusion process scheme is a difficulty in preparing the metal composite board. Because the extrusion ratio is too large, the deformation of the composite board in the extrusion cylinder is difficult to control, so that the wide composite sheet with good appearance and excellent performance is difficult to realize by directly adopting an extrusion method.
In summary, the invention discloses a method for compounding two heterogeneous metals of magnesium and aluminum, which successfully prepares an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum multilayer composite sheet with excellent combination property and mechanical property, and solves the defects of low mechanical property, poor corrosion resistance and surface coloring capability of a single-component sheet of a magnesium alloy sheet; compared with the double-layer composite board, the multi-layer composite board can completely distribute the aluminum alloy layer with better comprehensive performance outside, and has wider application range than the double-layer magnesium/aluminum board. Meanwhile, a rolling method suitable for double-layer composite boards is developed, and the aluminum/magnesium/aluminum composite sheet with good binding force is successfully prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a preparation method of a wide composite sheet with good appearance and excellent performance, which successfully prepares an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum multilayer composite sheet with excellent combination property and mechanical property and solves the defects of low mechanical property, poor corrosion resistance and surface coloring capability of a single component sheet of a magnesium alloy sheet; meanwhile, compared with the double-layer composite board, the multi-layer composite board can completely distribute the aluminum alloy layer with better comprehensive performance outside, and has wider application range.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a multilayer composite sheet, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing materials: processing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to the required shape and size, wherein the obtained three layers of plate-shaped alloy can be combined into a cylinder, the magnesium alloy in the cylinder is positioned between two layers of aluminum alloy, and the joint surfaces of the two layers of aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy are all S-shaped cambered surfaces;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials prepared in the step S1, and then cleaning the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to clean the surfaces of the alloy materials;
s3, assembling and combining: assembling and combining the alloy materials cleaned in the step S3, and fixing the alloy materials into a cylinder in a mechanical engagement mode;
s4, extrusion forming: preheating the assembled magnesium-aluminum composite blank, and then extruding and forming to prepare a magnesium-aluminum composite plate;
s5, sawing: sawing the composite board extruded in the step S4;
s6, performing stack rolling: preheating the sawed extruded plate, stacking the preheated composite plate up and down, and then carrying out multi-pass and multi-directional hot rolling to obtain an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum composite sheet;
s7, flattening: and (5) carrying out heat flattening on the rolled composite sheet, and then cooling.
Further, the aluminum alloy in the step S1 includes all metal materials or metal matrix composite materials with aluminum as a main component, wherein the content of aluminum is 50% -100%, and the magnesium alloy includes all metal materials or metal matrix composite materials with magnesium as a main component, wherein the content of magnesium is 50% -100%.
Further, the processing method in step S1 includes a deforming method including one of extrusion, forging, and rolling, and a machining method including one of wire cutting or turning.
Further, the polishing method in the step S2 includes a mechanical polishing method and a chemical polishing method, wherein the mechanical polishing method is one or more of sand paper polishing, polisher polishing and wire ball polishing; the surface of the two alloys can be degreased by using a degreasing agent before polishing, so that the surface state is prevented from being influenced by greasy dirt; the chemical polishing is carried out by polishing with chemical solution, alkaline washing the aluminum alloy layer with alkaline solution with pH of 9-11 for 20-120s, wherein the alkaline solution comprises NaOH solution, KOH and NaHCO 3 One of the following; pickling the magnesium alloy layer with acid solution with pH of 5.5-6.5 for 20-120s, wherein the acid solution comprises HCl and H 2 SO 4 One of oxalic acid and phosphoric acid solution; further, the cleaning process in step S2 is to clean the polished magnesium alloy layer and aluminum alloy layer with deionized water or alcohol solution, and thenNaturally air-drying or drying.
Further, the cylinder size in the step S3 is not specifically limited, and is mainly determined according to the size of the plate to be manufactured, and the radius of the cylinder is preferably 50-160mm, and the length of the material is preferably 200-800mm.
Further, the assembling and combining mode in the step S3 is to combine the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer according to a cylinder shape, and then press and fix the three alloy layers, so that the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are mechanically meshed to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite blank, and the magnesium-aluminum alloy is prevented from falling off in the subsequent working procedure to influence extrusion forming. The fixing method is that the two aluminum alloy layers on the outer sides are pressurized up and down by adopting a hydraulic press, and the hydraulic press pressurization is to enable the three layers of materials to be integrally deformed, so that the effect of locking at certain parts is achieved, and the two layers are tightly combined; or the external force is used for knocking the joint boundary line on the surface of the cylinder to deform the joint boundary line, and the three layers of alloys are effectively combined with each other. The function of this step is mainly to have certain binding force for the three-layer material, can not scatter, can guarantee the smooth going on of extrusion afterwards.
Further, the preheating temperature of the magnesium-aluminum composite blank in the step S4 is 150-450 ℃, and the preheating time is 6-12h.
Further, the die used for extrusion in the step S4 is a plate die, and when an extrusion blank is placed before extrusion, the magnesium-aluminum alloy layer and the length direction of the extrusion die are placed in parallel, the extrusion ratio is 8-30, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-5mm/S.
The extrusion speed in the step S4 is preferably 0.6 to 1.6mm/S.
The magnesium alloy is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state in the extrusion deformation process, so that the plasticity of the magnesium alloy can be fully exerted, and the deformation capacity is improved, so that a large deformation amount is obtained. The Al/Mg/Al composite board magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are tightly combined, metallurgical combination is formed between interfaces, the interface combination strength is high, and the composite board has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
Preferably, in the step S5, the composite board is sawed into boards with the length of 50-300mm, so that the composite board is convenient to carry out the rolling.
The multi-pass rolling in the step S6 is more than 2 times, and the multi-directional rolling is reversing rolling in two or three directions of the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction and the 45 DEG direction.
And in the step S7, the heat pressing temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the heat pressing time is 2-18h.
The multi-pass and multi-directional process is adopted, the grains can be further fully refined by multi-pass rolling, the mechanical property is improved, the texture can be weakened by multi-directional rolling, the anisotropism of the plate is reduced, the deformation uniformity in all directions is ensured, and the quality of the plate is improved.
The invention also provides a multilayer composite sheet which is prepared by the preparation method of the multilayer composite sheet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cross section of the alloy layer is designed as an S-shaped cambered surface, so that the three-layer alloy can be more effectively and mechanically meshed under the action of external force in the combination process, the falling of the three-layer alloy in the subsequent process is prevented, the production is influenced, the effective contact area of the three-layer alloy is effectively increased as much as possible, larger heat can be generated between magnesium/aluminum interfaces in the extrusion process, the driving force is provided for dynamic recrystallization of crystal grains at the interfaces, the crystal grain size is thinned, the obvious diffusion of the middle layer and the matrixes at two sides can be promoted, and the metallurgical combination of the middle layer and the matrixes at two sides is realized.
In the prior art, a hard and brittle intermetallic compound is generated at a magnesium/aluminum interface which is metallurgically bonded, so that the interfacial bonding force between the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy is seriously influenced, and the composite board is damaged in advance. The S-shaped cambered surface design of the alloy section can enable the interface to generate non-uniform plastic deformation along the extrusion direction during extrusion, generate non-uniform load, enable the hard and brittle intermetallic compound generated at the magnesium/aluminum interface to be crushed along with the extrusion, effectively reduce the influence of the hard and brittle intermetallic compound at the interface on the binding force of the composite board, and improve the comprehensive mechanical property.
The invention adopts an external force application method, and before extrusion deformation, a certain pre-binding force is applied between each layer of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, so that a composite extrusion blank formed by combining the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy is always an integral body during the subsequent extrusion processing, the production process is not influenced by falling off during the extrusion, the bonding surfaces of the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are isolated from the external air as much as possible, and the surface oxidation of the contact surface of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy is reduced.
The invention adopts the large extrusion ratio and the slow extrusion, the slow extrusion can promote the metal to flow uniformly, increase the deformation coordination of the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer, ensure that the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are extruded synchronously and are uniformly compounded, simultaneously avoid forming strong silk textures, reduce the residual stress and the cracking risk of the plate, and ensure that the plate has better flatness. In addition, the alloy grains can be fully refined by large extrusion, and the mechanical property of the plate is obviously improved. The slow extrusion ensures that the alloy is more fully recrystallized dynamically, the higher the recrystallization degree is, the lower the textured yarn texture strength is, and the anisotropy of the plate is reduced.
Compared with the common rolling, the method of the invention adopts the rolling method to roll the composite extrusion plate, and the upper layer and the lower layer are contacted with the roller when in rolling, thus the stress state between the upper layer and the lower layer is nearly the same as that between the rollers, and when the stress is conducted to the middle, the two middle layers of the same alloy layers can continue to generate buffering, so that the deformation is more uniform. Thus, the method is beneficial to grain refinement in the rolling process, improves the mechanical property of the composite sheet, can uniformly deform the magnesium/aluminum bonding layer, can fully crush intermetallic compounds of the diffusion layer in the partial extrusion structure, forms a new interface structure, and enhances the bonding force of the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer.
The invention adopts the extrusion process scheme to prepare the multilayer composite sheet, magnesium and aluminum are all light metal materials, have similar physical properties and better deformation consistency, can be simultaneously formed by adopting an extrusion method, can be applied to mass industrial production, has simple process and easy operation, can be synchronously popularized to the preparation of other metal materials as a general method, and has wide application scene.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cylinder assembled from alloy sheets according to the present invention.
Symbol description: 1-aluminum alloy, 2-magnesium alloy.
Detailed Description
Example 1
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning by using tap water after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcefully knocking the bonding part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the bonding part, so that the bonding part has a certain bonding force, and each layer is not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the parallelism of a composite extrusion blank and the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
and S6, stacking the two sawed extruded composite boards together, preheating for 3 hours at 350 ℃, and then starting rolling. Rolling the single rolling reduction by 20%, and sequentially rolling in the length direction and the width direction between the front pass and the rear pass, and placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for heat preservation for 30min after each rolling until the thickness of each sheet is 10mm;
and S7, placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 10 hours.
The results of the bond strength test after rolling in this example are shown in table 1.
Example 2
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 6061 aluminum alloy casting bars with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm and AZ40M magnesium alloy casting bars, and turning the casting bars to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning the surfaces by using alcohol after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcefully knocking the bonding part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the bonding part, so that the bonding part has a certain bonding force, and each layer is not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the parallelism of a composite extrusion blank and the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
and S6, stacking the two sawed extruded composite boards together, preheating for 3 hours at 350 ℃, and then starting rolling. Rolling the single rolling reduction by 20%, and sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front pass and the rear pass, and placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for heat preservation for 30min after each rolling until the thickness of each sheet is 10mm;
and S7, placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 10 hours.
The results of the bond strength test of the multilayer composite sheet of this example are shown in table 1.
Example 3
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning by using tap water after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, and then pressurizing by a hydraulic press, wherein the pressing amount is 1mm, and the combination part is deformed to have certain bonding force so that the layers are not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the parallelism of a composite extrusion blank and the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 8, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
and S6, stacking the two sawed extruded composite boards together, preheating for 8 hours at 400 ℃, and then starting rolling. Rolling the single rolling reduction by 15%, and sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front pass and the rear pass, and placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for heat preservation for 30min after each rolling until the thickness of each sheet is 10mm;
and S7, placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 10 hours.
The results of the bond strength test of the multilayer composite sheet of this example are shown in table 1:
example 4
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: alkali washing the aluminum alloy layer with KOH solution with pH of 11, acid washing the magnesium alloy layer with oxalic acid solution with pH of 6.5, washing the surface with alcohol solution, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcefully knocking the bonding part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the bonding part, so that the bonding part has a certain bonding force, and each layer is not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 350 ℃, the preheating time is 12h, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the fact that a composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 15, and the speed is 0.5m/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
s6, stacking the two sawed extruded composite board magnesium alloy layers together, preheating for 3 hours at 350 ℃, and then starting rolling. Rolling the single rolling reduction by 20%, and sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front pass and the rear pass, and placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for heat preservation for 30min after each rolling until the thickness of each sheet is 10mm;
and S7, placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 100 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 12 hours.
The results of the bond strength test of the multilayer composite sheet of this example are shown in table 1:
comparative example 1
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning by using tap water after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the parallelism of a composite extrusion blank and the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20mm.
S4, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
s5, preheating a sawed extruded composite board for 3 hours at 350 ℃, and then starting rolling. Rolling the single rolling reduction by 20%, and sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front pass and the rear pass, and placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for heat preservation for 30min after each rolling until the thickness of each sheet is 10mm;
and S6, placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 10 hours.
The results of the bonding strength test of the multi-layer composite sheet of the comparative example are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that if the rolling is performed by only a common rolling method without using a rolling method, the bonding force between the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer of the finally manufactured composite sheet is obviously lower than that of examples 1-4, and the rolling method provided by the invention can enhance the bonding force between the two alloys and further improve the mechanical properties of the sheet.
Comparative example 2
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning by using tap water after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, then forcefully knocking the joint part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the joint part, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have certain bonding force and are not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the parallelism of a composite extrusion blank and the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
s6, stacking the two sawed extruded composite board magnesium alloy layers together, preheating for 3 hours at 350 ℃, and then starting rolling. Rolling the single rolling reduction by 20%, wherein the rolling directions between the front pass and the rear pass are the same, and placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for heat preservation for 30min after each rolling until the thickness of each sheet is 10mm;
and S7, placing the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot pressing, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot pressing time is 10 hours.
The results of the bonding strength test of the multi-layered composite sheet of this comparative example are shown in Table 1, and it can be seen that if one-way rolling is used between the front and rear passes during rolling, the bonding force between the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer of the finally produced composite sheet will be lower than those of examples 1 to 4 but slightly higher than that of comparative example 1.
TABLE 1
| Examples | Binding force/MPa |
| Implementation of the embodimentsExample 1 | 32.2 |
| Example 2 | 31.5 |
| Example 3 | 33.0 |
| Example 4 | 31.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 22.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 27.3 |
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a multilayer composite sheet, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing materials: processing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to the required shape and size, wherein the three layers of plate-shaped alloy are combined into a cylinder, the magnesium alloy in the cylinder is positioned between two layers of aluminum alloy, and the joint surfaces of the two layers of aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy are all S-shaped cambered surfaces;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials prepared in the step S1, and then cleaning the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to clean the surfaces of the alloy materials;
s3, assembling and combining: assembling and combining the alloy materials cleaned in the step S2, and fixing the alloy materials into a cylinder in a mechanical engagement mode;
s4, extrusion forming: preheating the assembled magnesium-aluminum composite blank, and then extruding and forming to prepare a magnesium-aluminum composite plate; the die used for extrusion is a plate die, when an extrusion blank is put in before extrusion, the magnesium-aluminum alloy layer is placed in parallel with the length direction of the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 8-30, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-5mm/s;
s5, sawing: sawing the composite board extruded in the step S4;
s6, performing stack rolling: preheating the sawed composite plate, stacking the preheated composite plate up and down, and then carrying out multi-pass and multi-directional hot rolling to obtain an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum composite sheet;
s7, flattening: carrying out heat flattening on the rolled composite sheet, and then cooling;
the composite extrusion plate is rolled by adopting a rolling method, compared with the common rolling, the upper layer and the lower layer are contacted with the roller when in rolling, so that the stress state between the upper layer and the lower layer is nearly the same as that between the upper layer and the lower layer, when the stress is conducted to the middle, the two middle layers of the same alloy layers can continue to generate buffering, so that the deformation is more uniform, the grain refinement in the rolling process is facilitated, the mechanical property of the composite plate is improved, the magnesium/aluminum bonding layer can be uniformly deformed, the intermetallic compound of the diffusion layer in a part of extrusion structure can be fully crushed, a new interface structure is formed, and the bonding force between the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer is enhanced.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy in the step S1 is a metal material or a metal matrix composite material containing aluminum as a main component, wherein the aluminum content is 50-100%, and the magnesium alloy is a metal material or a metal matrix composite material containing magnesium as a main component, wherein the magnesium content is 50-100%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing method in step S1 is a deforming method or a machining method, wherein the deforming method is one of extrusion, forging and rolling, and the machining method is one of wire cutting and turning.
4. A according to claim 1The preparation method of the multi-layer composite sheet is characterized in that the polishing method in the step S2 is a mechanical polishing method or a chemical polishing method, and the mechanical polishing method is one or more of sand paper polishing, grinding machine polishing and steel wire ball polishing; the surface degreasing is carried out on the two alloys before polishing by using a degreasing agent; the chemical polishing method comprises polishing with chemical solution, wherein the aluminum alloy layer is alkali-washed with alkaline solution with pH of 9-11 for 20-120s, and the alkaline solution is NaOH solution, KOH solution or NaHCO solution 3 One of the solutions; the magnesium alloy layer is pickled with acid solution with pH of 5.5-6.5 for 20-120s, wherein the acid solution is HCl or H 2 SO 4 One of oxalic acid or phosphoric acid solution; the cleaning process is to clean the polished magnesium alloy layer and aluminum alloy layer by deionized water or alcohol solution, and then naturally air-dry or dry.
5. The method of producing a multi-layered composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein the radius of the cylinder in the step S3 is 50-160mm and the length of the material is 200-800mm.
6. The method for manufacturing a multi-layered composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein the assembling and combining in step S3 is to combine the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer in a cylindrical shape, and then press-fix the three alloy layers to mechanically engage the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer; the fixing method is that the hydraulic press is adopted to pressurize the two aluminum alloy layers at the outer side up and down to ensure that the two aluminum alloy layers are tightly combined, or the external force is used to knock the combining boundary line on the surface of the cylinder to deform the combining boundary line.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the magnesium aluminum composite blank in the step S4 is 150-450 ℃ and the preheating time is 6-12h.
8. The method of producing a multi-layered composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein the multi-pass rolling in step S6 is more than 2 times, and the multi-directional rolling is two or three of longitudinal, transverse and 45 ° direction reversing rolling; and in the step S7, the heat pressing temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the heat pressing time is 2-18h.
9. A multilayer composite sheet, characterized in that it is obtainable by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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