CN113858725B - Multilayer composite board and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multilayer composite board and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113858725B CN113858725B CN202111143679.6A CN202111143679A CN113858725B CN 113858725 B CN113858725 B CN 113858725B CN 202111143679 A CN202111143679 A CN 202111143679A CN 113858725 B CN113858725 B CN 113858725B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005237 degreasing agent Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/16—Drying; Softening; Cleaning
- B32B38/162—Cleaning
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/12—Light metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
- C23G1/22—Light metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B2038/0052—Other operations not otherwise provided for
- B32B2038/0064—Smoothing, polishing, making a glossy surface
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a multilayer composite board. The preparation method of the multilayer composite board comprises the following steps: material preparation: processing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to the required shape and size, wherein the sections of two layers of aluminum alloy on the outer side of the material are S-shaped cambered surfaces, and the middle of the material is a magnesium alloy layer, and the three layers can be combined into a cylinder; surface cleaning: polishing the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials prepared in the step S1, and then cleaning the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to clean the surfaces of the alloy materials; assembling and combining: assembling and combining the alloy materials cleaned in the step S3, and fixing the alloy materials into a cylinder in a mechanical engagement mode; extrusion molding: preheating the assembled magnesium-aluminum composite blank, and then extruding and forming to prepare the magnesium-aluminum composite plate. The composite board prepared by the method has high alloy interface bonding strength and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a multilayer composite board.
Background
Magnesium and its alloy have the advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, good thermal conductivity, excellent electromagnetic shielding and damping performances, easy machining and the like, are the lightest metal structural materials in practical application, have the density of only 2/3 of that of aluminum alloy and 1/4 of that of steel, are ideal lightweight structural materials, and have remarkable low-density characteristics, so that the magnesium and its alloy have very wide markets in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, rail transportation, 3C and the like.
Although magnesium alloy has remarkable light-weight advantages, pure magnesium electrode has low potential, loose and porous oxide film on the surface, poor corrosion resistance, and relatively low absolute strength of magnesium compared with other metals, and is difficult to be used as a main bearing component, and the defects limit the wide use of magnesium. Although alloying method can be adopted, and alloying elements such as Al, zn, ca, mn or rare earth elements are added into pure magnesium to increase the strength of the pure magnesium and improve the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance, the defects can be improved only in a certain range, and the quality change is difficult. And the metal sheet which has good corrosion resistance and has excellent plasticity and low density can certainly well solve the problems by covering one side or two sides of the surface of the magnesium alloy sheet. Aluminum is the most widely distributed element in the crust, with an average content of 8.8%, next to oxygen and silicon and in the third place. The density was 2.72g/cm3, which was about 1/3 of that of steel. Aluminum and its alloy have the advantages of small specific gravity, strong corrosion resistance, high specific strength, good heat dissipation, strong conductivity, excellent plastic workability, good surface decoration, etc. And aluminum and magnesium are adjacent elements in the periodic table, so that metallic bonding is easier to form between magnesium aluminum. Therefore, magnesium and aluminum are laminated and compounded by a certain connecting technology to prepare the magnesium-aluminum composite board with the advantages of magnesium and aluminum, and the comprehensive performance of the magnesium-aluminum composite board is superior to that of a single magnesium or aluminum board.
In the prior art, the main connecting processes of the metal composite plate mainly comprise a diffusion welding method, an explosion compounding method, a friction welding method and the like, and the methods have the defects of high cost, low efficiency, complex process, unstable plate performance and the like, so that large-scale industrial production is difficult to carry out. The extrusion process can give full play to the plasticity of the material and improve the alloy structure performance, and is easy to realize industrialized continuous production, thus being an ideal plastic processing method for preparing magnesium alloy plates. The research on preparing the metal composite board by adopting the extrusion process is limited at present through searching the prior literature, and how to design the extrusion process scheme is a difficulty in preparing the metal composite board.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a method for compounding two heterogeneous metals of magnesium and aluminum, which is used for successfully preparing an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum multilayer composite board with excellent combination property and mechanical property and solving the defects of low mechanical property, poor corrosion resistance and surface coloring capability of a single-component board of a magnesium alloy board; meanwhile, compared with a double-layer composite board, the multi-layer composite board can completely distribute an aluminum alloy layer with better comprehensive performance outside, and has wider application range than a double-layer magnesium/aluminum board.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the multilayer composite board is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
s1, preparing materials: processing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to the required shape and size, wherein the obtained three layers of plate-shaped alloy can be combined into a cylinder, the magnesium alloy in the cylinder is positioned between two layers of aluminum alloy, and the joint surfaces of the two layers of aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy are all S-shaped cambered surfaces;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials prepared in the step S1, and then cleaning the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to clean the surfaces of the alloy materials;
s3, assembling and combining: assembling and combining the alloy materials cleaned in the step S2, and fixing the alloy materials into a cylinder in a mechanical engagement mode;
s4, extrusion forming: preheating the assembled magnesium-aluminum composite blank, and then extruding and forming to prepare the magnesium-aluminum composite plate.
Further, the aluminum alloy in the step S1 includes all metal materials or metal matrix composite materials with aluminum as a main component, wherein the content of aluminum is 50% -100%, and the magnesium alloy includes all metal materials or metal matrix composite materials with magnesium as a main component, wherein the content of Mg is 50% -100%.
Further, the processing method in step S1 includes a deforming method including one of extrusion, forging, and rolling, and a machining method including one of wire cutting or turning.
Further, the polishing method in the step S2 includes a mechanical polishing method and a chemical polishing method, wherein the mechanical polishing method is one or more of sand paper polishing, polisher polishing and wire ball polishing; the surface of the two alloys can be degreased by using a degreasing agent before polishing, so that the surface state is prevented from being influenced by greasy dirt; the chemical polishing is carried out by polishing with chemical solution, alkaline washing the aluminum alloy layer with alkaline solution with pH of 9-11 for 20-120s, wherein the alkaline solution comprises NaOH solution, KOH and NaHCO 3 One of the following; pickling the magnesium alloy layer with acid solution with pH of 5.5-6.5 for 20-120s, wherein the acid solution comprises HCl and H 2 SO 4 One of oxalic acid and phosphoric acid solution; the cleaning process in the step S2 is to clean the polished magnesium alloy layer and aluminum alloy layer by deionized water or alcohol solution, and then naturally air-dry or dry.
Further, the cylinder size in the step S3 is not specifically required, and is mainly determined according to the size of the prepared plate, the radius of the cylinder is preferably 50-160mm, and the length of the material is preferably 200-800mm;
further, the assembling and combining mode in the step S3 is to combine the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer according to a cylinder shape, and then press and fix the three alloy layers, so that the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are mechanically meshed to obtain a magnesium-aluminum composite blank, and the magnesium-aluminum alloy is prevented from falling off in the subsequent working procedure to influence extrusion forming. The fixing method is that the two aluminum alloy layers on the outer sides are pressurized up and down by adopting a hydraulic press, and the hydraulic press pressurization is to enable the three layers of materials to be integrally deformed, so that the effect of locking at certain parts is achieved, and the two layers are tightly combined; or the external force is used for knocking the joint boundary line on the surface of the cylinder to deform the joint boundary line, and the three layers of alloys are effectively combined with each other. The function of this step is mainly to have certain binding force for the three-layer material, can not scatter, can guarantee the smooth going on of extrusion afterwards.
Further, the preheating temperature of the magnesium-aluminum composite blank in the step S4 is 150-450 ℃, and the preheating time is 6-12h.
Further, the die used for extrusion in the step S4 is a plate die, and when an extrusion blank is placed before extrusion, the magnesium-aluminum alloy layer and the length direction of the extrusion die are placed in parallel, the extrusion ratio is 8-30, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-5mm/S.
The extrusion speed in the step S4 is preferably 0.6 to 1.6mm/S.
The magnesium alloy is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state in the extrusion deformation process, so that the plasticity of the magnesium alloy can be fully exerted, and the deformation capacity is improved, so that a large deformation amount is obtained. The magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer of the composite board prepared by the invention are tightly combined, metallurgical bonding is formed between interfaces, and the interface bonding strength is high, so that the composite board has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties.
The invention also provides a multilayer composite board, which is prepared by the preparation method of the multilayer composite board.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cross section of the alloy layer is designed as an S-shaped cambered surface, so that the three-layer alloy can be more effectively and mechanically meshed under the action of external force in the combination process, the falling of the three-layer alloy in the subsequent process is prevented, the production is influenced, the effective contact area of the three-layer alloy is effectively increased as much as possible, larger heat can be generated between magnesium/aluminum interfaces in the extrusion process, the driving force is provided for dynamic recrystallization of crystal grains at the interfaces, the crystal grain size is thinned, the obvious diffusion of the middle layer and the matrixes at two sides can be promoted, and the metallurgical combination of the middle layer and the matrixes at two sides is realized.
In the prior art, a hard and brittle intermetallic compound is generated at a magnesium/aluminum interface which is metallurgically bonded, so that the interfacial bonding force between the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy is seriously influenced, and the composite board is damaged in advance. The S-shaped cambered surface design of the alloy section can enable the interface to generate non-uniform plastic deformation along the extrusion direction during extrusion, generate non-uniform load, enable the hard and brittle intermetallic compound generated at the magnesium/aluminum interface to be crushed along with the extrusion, effectively reduce the influence of the hard and brittle intermetallic compound at the interface on the binding force of the composite board, and improve the comprehensive mechanical property.
The invention adopts an external force application method, and before extrusion deformation, a certain pre-binding force is applied between each layer of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, so that a composite extrusion blank formed by combining the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy is always an integral body during the subsequent extrusion processing, the production process is not influenced by falling off during the extrusion, the bonding surfaces of the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are isolated from the external air as much as possible, and the surface oxidation of the contact surface of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy is reduced.
The invention adopts the large extrusion ratio and the slow extrusion, the slow extrusion can promote the metal to flow uniformly, increase the deformation coordination of the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer, ensure that the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are extruded synchronously and are uniformly compounded, simultaneously avoid forming strong silk textures, reduce the residual stress and the cracking risk of the plate, and ensure that the plate has better flatness. In addition, the alloy grains can be fully refined by large extrusion, and the mechanical property of the plate is obviously improved. The slow extrusion ensures that the alloy is more fully recrystallized dynamically, the higher the recrystallization degree is, the lower the textured yarn texture strength is, and the anisotropy of the plate is reduced.
The invention adopts the extrusion process scheme to prepare the alloy composite board, magnesium and aluminum are all light metal materials, have similar physical characteristics and better deformation consistency, can be simultaneously formed by adopting an extrusion method, can be applied to mass industrial production, has simple process and easy operation, can be synchronously popularized to the preparation of other metal materials as a general method, and has wide application scene.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cylinder assembled from alloy sheets according to the present invention.
Symbol description: 1-aluminum alloy, 2-magnesium alloy.
Detailed Description
Example 1
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning by using tap water after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcefully knocking the bonding part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the bonding part, so that the bonding part has a certain bonding force, and each layer is not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the parallelism of a composite extrusion blank and the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/S.
The results of the bond strength test of the extruded sheet of this example are shown in table 1.
Example 2
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 6061 aluminum alloy casting bars with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm and AZ40M magnesium alloy casting bars, and turning the casting bars to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning the surfaces by using alcohol after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcefully knocking the bonding part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the bonding part, so that the bonding part has a certain bonding force, and each layer is not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 150 ℃, the preheating time is 12 hours, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the parallelism of a composite extrusion blank and the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/S.
The results of the bond strength test of the extruded sheet of this example are shown in table 1.
Example 3
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ40M magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: the aluminium alloy layer is made of NaHCO with pH of 10 3 Washing the magnesium alloy layer with phosphoric acid solution with pH of 6, washing the surface with alcohol solution, and air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, and then pressurizing by a hydraulic press, wherein the pressing amount is 1mm, and the combination part is deformed to have certain bonding force so that the layers are not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the parallelism of a composite extrusion blank and the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 8, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/S.
The results of the bond strength test of the extruded sheet of this example are shown in table 1.
Example 4
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: alkali washing the aluminum alloy layer with KOH solution with pH of 11, acid washing the magnesium alloy layer with oxalic acid solution with pH of 6.5, washing the surface with alcohol solution, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcefully knocking the bonding part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the bonding part, so that the bonding part has a certain bonding force, and each layer is not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 350 ℃, the preheating time is 12h, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the fact that a composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 15, and the speed is 0.5m/S.
The results of the bond strength test of the extruded sheet of this example are shown in table 1.
Example 5
S1, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
s2, surface cleaning: alkali washing the aluminum alloy layer with NaOH solution with pH of 9, acid washing the magnesium alloy layer with HCl solution with pH of 5.5, washing the surface with alcohol solution, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcefully knocking the bonding part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the bonding part, so that the bonding part has a certain bonding force, and each layer is not easy to fall off;
s4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 450 ℃, the preheating time is 6h, after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material into an extruder for pressurizing, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and paying attention to the fact that the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 30, and the speed is 5m/S.
The results of the bond strength test of the extruded sheet of this example are shown in table 1.
In the above embodiments 1-5, the distance from the tangent point of two sections of arc of the S-shaped arc surface of the aluminum alloy in the cylinder to the center of the circle is half of the radius of the cylinder, and the design can obtain better production effect in experiments. In actual production, the thickness requirements of each layer of the plate product may be different, the sizes of each layer may be designed differently according to specific requirements, and the thickness sizes of the aluminum alloys on two sides are not necessarily the same.
Comparative example 1
a, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
b, surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning by using tap water after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
and c, placing the combined three-layer plates in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, and after the preheating time is reached, placing the plates in an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the extrusion ratio of the composite extrusion blank to the extrusion die is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/s.
The results of the bonding strength test of the extruded sheet of this comparative example are shown in Table 1, and after the extrusion, the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer were directly peeled off, and no effective bonding was produced, and the bonding force was 0.
Comparative example 2
a, preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
b, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the three layers of plates, and then forcefully knocking the joint part by using a hammer to generate deformation at the joint part, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have certain bonding force and are not easy to fall off;
and c, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, and after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material in an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the extrusion ratio of the composite extrusion blank to the extrusion die is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/s.
The results of the bonding strength test of the extruded sheet of this comparative example are shown in Table 1, and after the extrusion, the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer were directly peeled off, and no effective bonding was produced, and the bonding force was 0.
Comparative example 3
a. Material preparation: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting the mixture into a layered block capable of being combined into a cylinder by a wire, wherein the thickness of an aluminum alloy layer on the outer side of the layered block is 74mm, a magnesium alloy layer in the middle is 148mm, and the interface is a plane;
b. surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning by using tap water after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
c. assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcefully knocking the bonding part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the bonding part, so that the bonding part has a certain bonding force, and each layer is not easy to fall off;
d. and (3) placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, and after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material in an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the extrusion ratio of the composite extrusion blank to the extrusion die is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/s.
The results of the bonding strength test of the extruded sheet of this comparative example are shown in Table 1, and it can be seen that the interface bonding force of the finally produced composite sheet is very low when the interfaces of the layers are planar.
Comparative example 4
a. Material preparation: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy casting rods with the diameters of 300mm and the lengths of 405mm, and turning to 296mm and 400mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in figure 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of the tangent arc of the bulge and the concave and the connecting line of the two ends is 40mm;
b. surface cleaning: polishing the surfaces of the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy by using sand paper to remove surface oxidized black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning by using tap water after all polishing and brightening, flushing out surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
c. assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcefully knocking the bonding part by using a hammer, and generating deformation at the bonding part, so that the bonding part has a certain bonding force, and each layer is not easy to fall off;
d. and (3) placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃, the preheating time is 8 hours, and after the preheating time is reached, placing the composite material in an extruder for pressurizing, wherein an extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the extrusion ratio of the composite extrusion blank to the extrusion die is 6, and the extrusion speed is 10mm/s.
The results of the bonding strength test of the extruded sheets of this comparative example are shown in Table 1, and it can be seen that the bonding force formed by the rapid extrusion with a small extrusion ratio is low because the layers of the composite sheet are not sufficiently welded.
TABLE 1
| Examples | Binding force/MPa |
| Example 1 | 21.4 |
| Example 2 | 22.3 |
| Example 3 | 23.3 |
| Example 4 | 22.7 |
| Example 5 | 20.1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0 |
| Comparative example 3 | 12.2 |
| Comparative example 4 | 14.2 |
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the multilayer composite board is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
s1, preparing materials: processing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to the required shape and size, wherein the obtained three layers of plate-shaped alloy can be combined into a cylinder, the magnesium alloy in the cylinder is positioned between two layers of aluminum alloy, and the joint surfaces of the two layers of aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy are all S-shaped cambered surfaces;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials prepared in the step S1, and then cleaning the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to clean the surfaces of the alloy materials;
s3, assembling and combining: assembling and combining the alloy materials cleaned in the step S2, and fixing the alloy materials into a cylinder in a mechanical engagement mode;
s4, extrusion forming: preheating the assembled magnesium-aluminum composite blank, and then extruding and forming to prepare a magnesium-aluminum composite plate; the preheating temperature of the magnesium-aluminum composite blank is 150-450 ℃, and the preheating time is 6-12h.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy in the step S1 comprises all metal materials or metal matrix composite materials containing aluminum as a main component, wherein the aluminum content is 50-100%, and the magnesium alloy comprises all metal materials or metal matrix composite materials containing magnesium as a main component, wherein the magnesium content is 50-100%.
3. The method of manufacturing a multi-layered composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein the processing method in step S1 includes a deforming method including one of extrusion, forging, and rolling, and a machining method including one of wire cutting and turning.
4. The method of producing a multilayer composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein the polishing method in step S2 comprises a mechanical polishing method andthe chemical polishing method, the mechanical polishing method is one or more of sand paper polishing, polisher polishing and steel wire ball polishing; the chemical polishing is carried out by polishing with chemical solution, and the surface of the two alloys is degreased with degreasing agent, wherein the aluminum alloy layer is alkali washed with alkaline solution with pH of 9-11 for 20-120s, and the alkaline solution comprises NaOH solution, KOH and NaHCO 3 One of the following; pickling the magnesium alloy layer with acid solution with pH of 5.5-6.5 for 20-120s, wherein the acid solution comprises HCl and H 2 SO 4 One of oxalic acid and phosphoric acid solution.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning step in step S2 is to clean the polished magnesium alloy layer and aluminum alloy layer with deionized water or alcohol solution, and then naturally air-dry or oven-dry.
6. The method of producing a multi-layered composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein the radius of the cylinder in the step S3 is 50-160mm and the length of the material is 200-800mm.
7. The method for preparing a multi-layer composite board according to claim 1, wherein the assembling and combining manner in the step S3 is to combine the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer according to a cylindrical shape, and then press-fix the three alloy layers to mechanically engage the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer; the fixing method is that a hydraulic press is adopted to pressurize the two aluminum alloy layers at the outer side to keep pressure up and down, or an external force is used to strike the joint boundary line of the cylindrical surface.
8. The method for preparing a multi-layer composite board according to claim 1, wherein the die used for extrusion in the step S4 is a board die, and when the extrusion blank is placed before extrusion, the magnesium-aluminum alloy layer is placed in parallel with the length direction of the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 8-30, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-5mm/S.
9. A multilayer composite board, characterized in that it is produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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