CN114226454A - Composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226454A CN114226454A CN202111144901.4A CN202111144901A CN114226454A CN 114226454 A CN114226454 A CN 114226454A CN 202111144901 A CN202111144901 A CN 202111144901A CN 114226454 A CN114226454 A CN 114226454A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PVYXVFBYERYVFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[AlH3].[AlH3] PVYXVFBYERYVFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005237 degreasing agent Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
- B21B2003/001—Aluminium or its alloys
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a magnesium/aluminum composite material, which comprises the steps of processing a magnesium alloy and an aluminum alloy into a shape with at least one surface capable of being matched with each other in a concave-convex manner, assembling the surfaces capable of being matched with each other in the concave-convex manner of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy to obtain an extruded blank, preheating the assembled extruded blank, extruding to obtain a magnesium-aluminum double-layer plate, oppositely stacking magnesium alloy layers in the magnesium-aluminum double-layer plate, and rolling to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum three-layer composite material. Successfully prepare the magnesium/aluminum composite material with excellent combination property and mechanical property, and solve the problems of low mechanical property, poor corrosion resistance and insufficient surface coloring capability of the magnesium alloy plate single-component plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of light alloy materials, in particular to a magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Technical Field
Magnesium and its alloy have specific strength than the advantage such as being high, good, electromagnetic shielding and damping performance of thermal conductivity, it is the lightest metal structural material in the practical application, its density is 2/3 of the aluminum alloy, 1/4 of steel and iron, it is an ideal lightweight structural material, this kind of apparent low density characteristic, make it have very extensive market in fields such as aerospace, car, rail transport, 3C.
Although magnesium alloy has remarkable light weight advantages, pure magnesium has low electrode potential, an oxide film on the surface is loose and porous, so that the corrosion resistance is poor, and the absolute strength of magnesium is low compared with other metals and is difficult to be used as a main force bearing part, and the defects limit the wide application of magnesium. Although alloying method can be used to add alloying elements such as Al, Zn, Ca, Mn or rare earth elements to pure magnesium to increase the strength of pure magnesium, improve mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, it is only possible to improve the above disadvantages within a certain range, and it is difficult to change the quality. The problem can be solved clearly by covering a metal sheet with good corrosion resistance, excellent plasticity and low density on one side or both sides of the surface of the magnesium alloy sheet. Aluminum is the most widely distributed element in the earth's crust, with an average content of 8.8%, second only to oxygen and silicon, and third. Its density was 2.72g/cm3, which is about 1/3 that of steel. Aluminum and its alloys have many advantages such as small specific gravity, strong corrosion resistance, high specific strength, good heat dissipation, strong electrical conductivity, excellent plastic workability, good surface decoration, and the like. And aluminum and magnesium are adjacent elements in the periodic table of elements, and metallic bonding is more easily formed between magnesium and aluminum. Therefore, magnesium and aluminum are laminated and compounded through a certain connection technology to prepare the magnesium-aluminum composite material with the advantages of magnesium and aluminum, and the comprehensive performance of the magnesium-aluminum composite material is superior to that of a single magnesium or aluminum plate.
In the prior art, the main connection process of the metal composite material mainly comprises a diffusion welding method, an explosion cladding method, a friction welding method and the like, and the methods have the defects of high cost, low efficiency, complex process, unstable plate performance and the like, and are difficult to carry out large-scale industrial production. The extrusion process can give full play to the plasticity of the material and improve the structure performance of the alloy, is easy to realize industrial continuous production, and is an ideal plastic processing method for preparing the magnesium alloy plate. The research on the preparation of the metal composite material by adopting the extrusion process is limited at present through the search of the existing literature data, and the difficulty of preparing the metal composite material is the difficulty of designing the extrusion process scheme. Because the extrusion ratio is too large, the deformation of the composite material in an extrusion cylinder is difficult to control, so that the wide-width composite material with good appearance and excellent performance prepared by directly using an extrusion method in the prior art is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of a magnesium/aluminum composite material, which successfully prepares the magnesium/aluminum composite material with excellent bonding performance and mechanical property, and solves the problems of low mechanical property, poor corrosion resistance and insufficient surface coloring capability of a magnesium alloy plate single-component plate.
The invention provides a preparation method of a magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material, which comprises the following steps:
s1, processing the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy into shapes with at least one surface capable of being matched with each other in a concave-convex mode;
s2, assembling the surfaces of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy which can be matched with each other in a concave-convex manner to obtain an extruded blank;
s3, preheating the assembled extrusion blank, and extruding to obtain a magnesium-aluminum double-layer plate;
and S4, oppositely arranging and stacking the magnesium alloy layers in the magnesium-aluminum double-layer plate obtained in the step S3, and rolling to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum three-layer composite material.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material, provided by the invention, before the step S1, a pretreatment step is further included. The pretreatment step includes a raw material preparation step and a surface treatment step.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy composite material, the raw material preparation step comprises the steps of preparing the aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy material and processing the aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy material into required shapes and sizes. The processing method comprises deformation methods such as extrusion, forging and rolling, and mechanical processing methods such as linear cutting and turning. The required profile can be varied and selected according to the extrusion die. The outer shape may be cylindrical, cubical or other shape. The dimensions may be selected according to the die dimensions of the extrusion step.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the surface treatment step comprises the steps of oil removal, polishing and cleaning. Removing impurities on the surface of the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy material, and cleaning oil stains on the surface to ensure that the surface is as clean as possible.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the degreasing agent is used for degreasing before the polishing of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy.
The aluminum alloy layer is alkali-washed with an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution can be one or more of alkaline solutions such as NaOH solution, KOH solution and the like and alkaline solutions such as NaHCO3 and the like. Adjusting pH to 9-11, temperature to 10-50 deg.C, and time to 20-120 s.
And the magnesium alloy layer is subjected to acid cleaning by using an acid solution, wherein the acid solution contains HCl, H2SO4, oxalic acid, phosphoric acid and other solutions, the pH is adjusted to be 5.5-6.5, and the acid cleaning time is 20-120 s.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the polishing method comprises a mechanical polishing method and a chemical polishing method, wherein the mechanical polishing method can be one or more of sand paper polishing, grinding by a grinding machine, steel wire ball polishing and the like; chemical polishing may be performed with a chemical solution.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, in the cleaning step, the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer which are subjected to mechanical polishing or chemical polishing can be cleaned by using solutions such as deionized water and alcohol, and then are naturally dried or baked.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material, provided by the invention, a sawing step is further included between the step S3 and the step S4, wherein the sawing step is to saw the magnesium-aluminum double-layer plate obtained by extrusion according to the required size to obtain the plate with the required size. In some cases, the plates obtained after sawing are more conveniently stacked for further rolling.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the sawing length is 50-300 mm.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material, after the step S4, the method further comprises a flattening step, wherein the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum three-layer composite material obtained by rolling is subjected to hot flattening and then is cooled, so that a flatter aluminum-magnesium-aluminum three-layer composite material is obtained.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the hot flattening temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 2-18 h.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the aluminum alloy is a metal material or a metal-based composite material taking aluminum as a main component, wherein the content of Al is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%. The magnesium alloy is a metal material or a metal-based composite material taking Mg as a main component, wherein the content of Mg is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, in one embodiment, the shape capable of being matched with each other in a concave-convex mode is an arc-shaped wave capable of being matched with each other in a concave-convex mode. In another embodiment, the shape capable of being concave-convex matched with each other is a conical wave capable of being concave-convex matched.
Further preferably, the shape capable of engaging with each other in a concave-convex manner is a circular arc wave capable of engaging with each other in a concave-convex manner.
Researches show that the concave-convex matched interface shape is adopted in the extrusion step, so that the mechanical occlusion can be effectively realized under the action of external force, and the falling off in the subsequent process is prevented to influence the production. And secondly, the effective contact area of the two alloy layers can be effectively increased as much as possible, larger heat can be generated between the two interfaces in the extrusion process, a driving force is provided for dynamic recrystallization of crystal grains at the interfaces, the size of the crystal grains is refined, and the two contact interfaces can be promoted to be obviously diffused so as to promote metallurgical bonding of the magnesium alloy/aluminum alloy layers. In some cases, hard and brittle intermetallic compounds are formed at the magnesium/aluminum interface where metallurgical bonding occurs, which severely affects the interfacial bonding force between the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, causing premature failure of the composite. When a concave-convex matched arc-shaped wave interface is further adopted, the interface can generate non-uniform plastic deformation along the extrusion direction in the extrusion process, so that non-uniform load is generated, and the non-uniform load can crush the hard and brittle intermetallic compounds generated at the magnesium/aluminum interface along with the extrusion, thereby effectively reducing the influence of the hard and brittle intermetallic compounds at the interface on the binding force of the composite material and improving the comprehensive mechanical property.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the distance between two wave crests of the arc wave or the conical wave is smaller than the maximum radial dimension of the material. When the cross section of the magnesium alloy or the aluminum alloy is semicircular, the maximum radial dimension of the material is the diameter of the semicircle. When the cross section of the magnesium alloy or the aluminum alloy is square, the maximum radial dimension of the material is a diagonal line. Further preferably, when the cross section of the magnesium alloy or the aluminum alloy is square, the distance between two wave crests of the arc wave or the conical wave is smaller than the side length of the maximum cross section.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the vertical distance between the highest point of the protrusion and the lowest point of the depression in the concave-convex matching shape is less than 2/3 of the maximum radial dimension of the assembled extruded blank, and further preferably less than 1/2 of the maximum radial dimension of the assembled extruded blank.
The vertical distance between the highest point of the protrusion and the lowest point of the recess means that two lines respectively pass through the highest point of the protrusion and the lowest point of the recess, and the two lines are parallel to the radial extension direction of the concave-convex matching shape. The distance between the two parallel lines is the vertical distance.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, in one embodiment, one surface of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy is processed into a concave-convex arc-shaped wave shape, and the concave-convex arc-shaped wave shape and the convex-concave arc-shaped wave shape can be mutually embedded and assembled into a cylinder. The radius of the cylinder is R, and R is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 160 mm. The length of the cylinder is 200-800 mm.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, in the step S2, the assembling step is to assemble and combine the surfaces of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy which can be matched in a concave-convex manner, and then press and fix the surfaces so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are combined to a certain extent to obtain the composite blank. During assembly, the magnesium-aluminum alloy is pressed and fixed, so that the magnesium-aluminum alloy can be prevented from falling off in the subsequent process to influence extrusion forming.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the pressurizing and fixing method can adopt a hydraulic press to pressurize the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy up and down so as to tightly combine the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy. Or knocking the joint part by external force to deform the joint part, so that the two layers of alloys can be effectively combined. The combination of the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer in this step is mechanically engaged.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, in the preheating step in the step S3, the preheating temperature is 150-450 ℃, and the preheating time is 6-12 h.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the die used for extrusion is a plate die, and when an extrusion blank is placed before extrusion, two layers of magnesium-aluminum alloy are placed in parallel with the length direction of the extrusion die.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, in the extrusion step in the step S3, the extrusion ratio is 8-30, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-5 mm/S.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the extrusion speed in the step S3 is 0.6-1.6 mm/S.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the rolling step in the step S4 is multi-pass multi-directional rolling, the multi-pass rolling refers to rolling for 2 times or more than 2 times, and the multi-directional rolling refers to reversing rolling in two or three directions of the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction and the 45-degree direction.
According to the preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material provided by the invention, the preheating is carried out before the rolling step in the step S4, the preheating temperature is 150-450 ℃, and the preheating time is 1-10 h.
Researches show that the large extrusion ratio and the slow extrusion are adopted, the slow extrusion can promote the uniform flow of metal, the deformation coordination of the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer is increased, the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer can be synchronously extruded and uniformly compounded, strong silk texture is avoided, the residual stress and the cracking risk of the plate are reduced, and the plate can obtain better flatness. The large extrusion ratio can fully refine alloy crystal grains and obviously improve the mechanical property of the plate. Further preferably, the extrusion at a slow speed (0.6-1.6mm/s) leads to more complete dynamic recrystallization of the alloy, and the higher the degree of recrystallization, the lower the texture strength of the deformed wire and the lower the anisotropy of the plate.
The grain can be fully refined by multi-pass rolling, the mechanical property is improved, the texture can be weakened by multi-directional rolling, the anisotropy of the plate is reduced, the uniformity of deformation in each direction is ensured, and the quality of the plate is improved.
The invention also provides a magnesium/aluminum composite material, which is prepared by the preparation method.
Advantageous effects
(1) The composite material is prepared by adopting the extrusion process scheme, magnesium and aluminum belong to light metal materials, the physical properties are close, the deformation consistency is good, the composite material can be simultaneously formed by adopting an extrusion method, and the composite material can be applied to large-scale industrial production, and has simple process and easy operation.
(2) In a preferred embodiment, an external force method is adopted, and a certain pre-bonding force is applied between the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy before deformation, so that the composite extrusion blank formed by combining the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy is always an integral body during subsequent extrusion processing, the composite extrusion blank cannot fall off during extrusion to influence the production process, and the bonding surface of the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer is isolated from the external air as far as possible.
(3) The magnesium alloy is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state in the extrusion deformation process, the plasticity of the magnesium alloy can be fully exerted, and the deformation capacity is improved, so that a large deformation amount is obtained. The Mg/Al composite material magnesium alloy layer prepared by the method is tightly combined with the aluminum alloy layer, the interface bonding strength is high, and the comprehensive mechanical property is excellent.
(4) In a preferred embodiment, the composite extruded sheet is further rolled by adopting a reverse stack rolling method, compared with the common rolling method, the upper layer and the lower layer are in contact with the roller by the same metal during the reverse stack rolling, the stress state between the upper layer and the lower layer and the roller is close to the same, and when the stress is transmitted to the middle, the same alloy layers in the middle two layers can continue to generate buffer, so that the deformation is more uniform. Therefore, the method is beneficial to grain refinement in the rolling process, improves the mechanical property of the composite sheet, can ensure that the magnesium/aluminum bonding layer is uniformly deformed, can fully crush intermetallic compounds of a diffusion layer in a part of extrusion tissues, forms a new interface structure, and enhances the binding force of a magnesium alloy layer and an aluminum alloy layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an arc-shaped wave structure of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a circular arc-shaped wave structure of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conical wave structure of the present invention
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, what is meant is "including, but not limited to".
Example 1:
(1) preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then wire-cutting into arc-shaped structures which can be matched with each other in a concave-convex way as shown in FIG. 2, wherein the vertical distance d between the bulge and the recess is 130 mm;
(2) surface polishing: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
(3) assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of the cylinder, tightly attaching the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, then forcibly knocking the joint part by a hammer to generate deformation at the joint part, wherein the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have certain binding force, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are not easy to fall off;
(4) and (3) preheating the combined composite material in a resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, putting the composite material into an extruder for pressurization after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/s, and the thickness of the extruded plate is 20 mm.
(5) Sawing the extruded composite material according to 200 mm;
(6) two sawed extruded composite magnesium alloy layers are stacked together, preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours and then rolled. Rolling with single reduction of 20%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
Example 2:
(1) preparing materials: preparing two 6061 aluminum alloy and AZ40M magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then wire-cut into an arc-shaped structure as shown in fig. 2, wherein the protrusion and depression vertical distance d is 120 mm;
(2) surface polishing: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface black oxide skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with alcohol after polishing to be bright, washing away surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
(3) assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of the cylinder, tightly attaching the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, then forcibly knocking the joint part by a hammer to generate deformation at the joint part, wherein the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have certain binding force, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are not easy to fall off;
(4) and (3) preheating the combined composite material in a resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, and after the preheating time is up, putting the composite material in an extruder for pressurization, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3 mm/s. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20 mm.
(5) Sawing the extruded composite material according to 200 mm;
(6) two sawed extruded composite magnesium alloy layers are stacked together, preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours and then rolled. Rolling with single reduction of 20%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
Example 3:
(1) preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then wire-cut into a circular arc-shaped structure as shown in fig. 3, wherein the vertical distance d of the protrusion and the depression is 130 mm;
(2) surface polishing: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
(3) assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, pressing the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy with a hydraulic press after the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are tightly attached, wherein the pressing amount is 1mm, the bonding part is deformed, and a certain bonding force is provided, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are not easy to fall off;
(4) and (3) preheating the combined composite material in a resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, and after the preheating time is up, putting the composite material in an extruder for pressurization, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3 mm/s. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20 mm.
(5) Sawing the extruded composite material according to 200 mm;
(6) two sawed extruded composite magnesium alloy layers are stacked together, preheated at 400 ℃ for 8 hours and then rolled. Rolling with single rolling reduction of 15%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
Example 4
(1) Preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then wire-cut into an arc-shaped structure as shown in fig. 2, wherein the vertical distance d of the protrusions and depressions is 130 mm;
(2) surface polishing: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
(3) assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of the cylinder, tightly attaching the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, then forcibly knocking the joint part by a hammer to generate deformation at the joint part, wherein the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have certain binding force, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are not easy to fall off;
(4) and (3) preheating the combined composite material in a resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, putting the composite material into an extruder for pressurization after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/s, and the thickness of the extruded plate is 20 mm.
(5) Sawing the extruded composite material according to 200 mm;
(6) two sawed extruded composite magnesium alloy layers are stacked together, preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours and then rolled. Rolling with single reduction of 20%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 100 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 12 h.
Example 5:
(1) preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then wire-cut into a tapered structure which can be concavo-convex fitted to each other as shown in FIG. 4, wherein the vertical distance d of the protrusions and the depressions is 130 mm;
(2) surface polishing: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
(3) assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of the cylinder, tightly attaching the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, then forcibly knocking the joint part by a hammer to generate deformation at the joint part, wherein the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have certain binding force, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are not easy to fall off;
(4) and (3) preheating the combined composite material in a resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, putting the composite material into an extruder for pressurization after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/s, and the thickness of the extruded plate is 20 mm.
(5) Sawing the extruded composite material according to 200 mm;
(6) two sawed extruded composite magnesium alloy layers are stacked together, preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours and then rolled. Rolling with single reduction of 20%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
Comparative example 1:
(1) preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then wire-cut into an arc-shaped structure as shown in fig. 2, wherein the vertical distance d of the protrusions and depressions is 130 mm;
(2) surface polishing: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
(3) assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of the cylinder, tightly attaching the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, then forcibly knocking the joint part by a hammer to generate deformation at the joint part, wherein the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have certain binding force, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are not easy to fall off;
(4) and (3) preheating the combined composite material in a resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, putting the composite material into an extruder for pressurization after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/s, and the thickness of the extruded plate is 20 mm.
(5) Sawing the extruded composite material according to 200 mm;
(6) a piece of the sawn extruded composite material was preheated at 350 ℃ for 3h and then rolled. Rolling with single reduction of 20%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
The results of the composite sheet bonding strength test are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that if rolling is performed by only a general rolling method instead of the reverse stack rolling method, the bonding force between the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer of the finally manufactured composite sheet is significantly lower than that of examples 1 to 4.
Comparative example 2:
(1) preparing materials: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then wire-cut into an arc-shaped structure as shown in fig. 2, wherein the vertical distance d of the protrusions and depressions is 130 mm;
(2) surface polishing: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
(3) assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of the cylinder, tightly attaching the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, then forcibly knocking the joint part by a hammer to generate deformation at the joint part, wherein the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have certain binding force, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are not easy to fall off;
(4) and (3) preheating the combined composite material in a resistance furnace at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, putting the composite material into an extruder for pressurization after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, the extrusion speed is 0.3mm/s, and the thickness of the extruded plate is 20 mm.
(5) Sawing the extruded composite material according to 200 mm;
(6) two sawed extruded composite magnesium alloy layers are stacked together, preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours and then rolled. Rolling at a single time by 20%, wherein the rolling directions of the rolling between the previous and the next passes are the same, and after each rolling, placing the plate into a resistance furnace for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
The results of the test of the bonding strength of the two-layer composite sheet are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that if unidirectional rolling is adopted between the previous and subsequent passes during rolling, the bonding strength between the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer of the finally manufactured composite sheet is lower than that of examples 1-4, but slightly higher than that of comparative example 1.
Table 1 examples of mechanical properties at room temperature of the sheets
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the above-described preferred embodiments may be freely combined, superimposed, without conflict.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, processing the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy into shapes with at least one surface capable of being matched with each other in a concave-convex mode;
s2, assembling the surfaces of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy which can be matched with each other in a concave-convex manner to obtain an extruded blank;
s3, preheating the assembled extrusion blank, and extruding to obtain a magnesium-aluminum double-layer plate;
and S4, oppositely arranging and stacking the magnesium alloy layers in the magnesium-aluminum double-layer plate obtained in the step S3, and rolling to obtain the aluminum-magnesium-aluminum three-layer composite material.
2. The method for preparing a ceramic tile according to claim 1, further comprising a sawing step between the steps S3 and S4.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a flattening step after step S4.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature for flattening is 150 ℃ and 250 ℃ and the time for flattening is 2-18 h.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shape capable of engaging with each other is a curved wave or a tapered wave capable of engaging with each other.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shape capable of engaging with each other in a concave-convex manner is a circular arc-shaped wave capable of engaging with each other in a concave-convex manner.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of step S3 is 150 ℃ to 450 ℃, the preheating time is 6-12h, the extrusion ratio is 8-30, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-5 mm/S.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rolling step in step S4 is a multipass rolling, which is a rolling performed 2 or more times, and a multi-pass rolling, which is a rolling performed by reversing two or three directions, i.e., a rolling performed in a longitudinal direction, a rolling performed in a transverse direction, and a rolling performed in a 45 ° direction.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein before step S1, the method further comprises a pretreatment step, wherein the pretreatment step comprises a raw material preparation step and a surface treatment step.
10. A magnesium alloy/aluminum alloy composite material, characterized in that the composite material is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN115026129A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 太原科技大学 | Method for preparing magnesium/titanium layered waveform interface composite material based on rolling method |
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