CN113857252A - Multilayer composite sheet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multilayer composite sheet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113857252A CN113857252A CN202111145980.0A CN202111145980A CN113857252A CN 113857252 A CN113857252 A CN 113857252A CN 202111145980 A CN202111145980 A CN 202111145980A CN 113857252 A CN113857252 A CN 113857252A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
- B21B47/02—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal for folding sheets before rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
- B21B2003/001—Aluminium or its alloys
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a multilayer composite sheet. The preparation method of the multilayer composite sheet comprises the following steps: processing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to required shapes and sizes, and combining the obtained three layers of plate-shaped alloys into a cylinder, wherein the magnesium alloy in the cylinder is positioned between two layers of aluminum alloys, and the surfaces of the two layers of aluminum alloys and the magnesium alloy which are jointed are S-shaped cambered surfaces; polishing and cleaning the prepared aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials, assembling and combining the cleaned alloy materials to fix the cleaned alloy materials into a cylinder; preheating the assembled blank, and then extruding and forming to obtain the magnesium-aluminum composite board; sawing the composite board; preheating the sawing plates, stacking the preheated composite plates up and down, and then performing multi-pass and multi-direction hot rolling to obtain an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum composite sheet; the rolled composite sheet is hot-pressed flat and subsequently cooled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a multilayer composite sheet.
Background
Magnesium and its alloy have specific strength than the advantage such as the rigidity is high, the thermal conductivity is good, electromagnetic shield and damping shock-absorbing performance are excellent, easy machine tooling, be the lightest metal structural material in the practical application, its density is 2/3 of aluminum alloy, 1/4 of steel and iron only, it is an ideal lightweight structural material, this kind of apparent low density characteristic makes it have very extensive market in fields such as aerospace, car, rail transport and 3C.
Although magnesium alloy has remarkable light weight advantages, pure magnesium has low electrode potential, an oxide film on the surface is loose and porous, so that the corrosion resistance is poor, and the absolute strength of magnesium is low compared with other metals and is difficult to be used as a main force bearing part, and the defects limit the wide application of magnesium. Although alloying method can be used to add alloying elements such as Al, Zn, Ca, Mn or rare earth elements to pure magnesium to increase the strength of pure magnesium, improve mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, it is only possible to improve the above disadvantages within a certain range, and it is difficult to change the quality. The problem can be solved clearly by covering a metal sheet with good corrosion resistance, excellent plasticity and low density on one side or both sides of the surface of the magnesium alloy sheet. Aluminum is the most widely distributed element in the earth's crust, with an average content of 8.8%, second only to oxygen and silicon, and third. Its density was 2.72g/cm3, which is about 1/3 that of steel. Aluminum and its alloys have many advantages such as small specific gravity, strong corrosion resistance, high specific strength, good heat dissipation, strong electrical conductivity, excellent plastic workability, good surface decoration, and the like. And aluminum and magnesium are adjacent elements in the periodic table of elements, and metallic bonding is more easily formed between magnesium and aluminum. Therefore, magnesium and aluminum are laminated and compounded through a certain connection technology to prepare the magnesium-aluminum composite board with the advantages of magnesium and aluminum, and the comprehensive performance of the magnesium-aluminum composite board is superior to that of a single magnesium or aluminum board.
In the prior art, the main connection process of the metal composite plate mainly comprises a diffusion welding method, an explosion cladding method, a friction welding method and the like, and the methods have the defects of high cost, low efficiency, complex process, unstable plate performance and the like, and are difficult to carry out large-scale industrial production. The extrusion process can give full play to the plasticity of the material and improve the structure performance of the alloy, is easy to realize industrial continuous production, and is an ideal plastic processing method for preparing the magnesium alloy plate. Through the search of the existing literature data, the research on the preparation of the metal composite plate by adopting the extrusion process is limited at present, and the difficulty of preparing the metal composite plate is how to design the extrusion process scheme. Because the extrusion ratio is too large, the deformation of the composite board in the extrusion container is difficult to control, so that the wide-width composite sheet which has good appearance and excellent performance and is directly prepared by the extrusion method is difficult to realize.
In conclusion, the invention discloses a method for compounding two heterogeneous metals of magnesium and aluminum, successfully prepares an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum multilayer composite sheet with excellent combination property and mechanical property, and solves the problems of low mechanical property, poor corrosion resistance and surface coloring capability of a magnesium alloy sheet single-component sheet; compared with a double-layer composite board, the multi-layer composite board can completely distribute an aluminum alloy layer with better comprehensive performance outside, and the application range of the multi-layer composite board is wider than that of a double-layer magnesium/aluminum board. Meanwhile, a pack rolling method suitable for double-layer composite plates is developed, and the aluminum/magnesium/aluminum composite sheet with good bonding force is successfully prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a preparation method of a wide composite sheet with good appearance and excellent performance, successfully prepares an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum multilayer composite sheet with excellent combination performance and mechanical performance, and solves the defects of low mechanical performance, poor corrosion resistance and surface coloring capability of a single-component plate of a magnesium alloy plate; compared with a double-layer composite board, the multi-layer composite board can completely distribute an aluminum alloy layer with better comprehensive performance outside, and the application range is wider.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the multilayer composite sheet is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps of:
s1, material preparation: processing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to required shapes and sizes, and combining the obtained three layers of plate-shaped alloys into a cylinder, wherein the magnesium alloy in the cylinder is positioned between two layers of aluminum alloys, and the surfaces of the two layers of aluminum alloys and the magnesium alloy which are jointed are S-shaped cambered surfaces;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing and cleaning the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials prepared in the step S1 to clean the surfaces of the alloy materials;
s3, assembling and combining: assembling and combining the alloy materials cleaned in the step S3, and fixing the alloy materials into a cylinder in a mechanical meshing manner;
s4, extrusion molding: preheating the magnesium-aluminum composite blank after the assembly is finished, and then extruding and forming to prepare a magnesium-aluminum composite plate;
s5, sawing: sawing the composite board extruded in the step S4;
s6, pack rolling: preheating the sawed extruded plates, stacking the preheated composite plates up and down, and then performing multi-pass and multi-directional hot rolling to obtain an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum composite sheet;
s7, flattening: the rolled composite sheet is hot-pressed flat and subsequently cooled.
Further, the aluminum alloy in the step S1 includes all the metal materials or metal matrix composites having aluminum as a main component, in which the content of aluminum is 50% to 100%, and the magnesium alloy includes all the metal materials or metal matrix composites having magnesium as a main component, in which the content of magnesium is 50% to 100%.
Further, the processing method in the step S1 includes a deformation method and a machining method, wherein the deformation method includes one of extrusion, forging and rolling, and the machining method includes one of wire cutting or turning.
Further, the polishing methods in the step S2 include a mechanical polishing method and a chemical polishing method, wherein the mechanical polishing method includes sand paper polishing, sander grinding and chemical polishingOne or more of steel wire ball grinding; before polishing, the two alloys can be subjected to surface oil removal by using an oil removal agent, so that the oil pollution is prevented from influencing the surface state; the chemical polishing is to polish the aluminum alloy layer by using a chemical solution, and the aluminum alloy layer is subjected to alkali cleaning by using an alkaline solution with the pH of 9-11 for 20-120s, wherein the alkaline solution comprises NaOH solution, KOH and NaHCO solution3One of (1); pickling the magnesium alloy layer with acid solution with pH of 5.5-6.5 for 20-120s, wherein the acid solution comprises HCl and H2SO4One of oxalic acid and phosphoric acid solution; further, in the step S2, the cleaning process includes cleaning the polished magnesium alloy layer and the polished aluminum alloy layer with deionized water or an alcohol solution, and then naturally drying or baking the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer.
Further, the size of the cylinder in the step S3 is not particularly required, and depends on the size of the prepared plate, and the radius of the cylinder is preferably 50-160mm, and the length of the material is preferably 200-800 mm.
Further, the assembling and combining manner in the step S3 is to combine the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer according to a cylindrical shape, and then press and fix the three alloy layers, so that the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are mechanically engaged to obtain the magnesium-aluminum composite blank, thereby preventing the magnesium-aluminum alloy from falling off in the subsequent process and affecting the extrusion forming. The fixing method comprises the steps of pressurizing by adopting a hydraulic press to carry out up-and-down pressure maintaining on two aluminum alloy layers on the outer side, wherein the pressurizing by adopting the hydraulic press is to enable all three layers of materials to be integrally deformed so as to achieve the effect of locking at certain local parts and enable the two layers to be tightly combined; or knocking the joint boundary line of the surface of the cylinder by external force to deform the joint boundary line, so that the three layers of alloys are effectively combined with each other. The main function of this step is that the three layers of materials have a certain binding force, and will not fall off, and can ensure the smooth proceeding of the following extrusion.
Further, the preheating temperature of the magnesium-aluminum composite blank in the step S4 is 150-450 ℃, and the preheating time is 6-12 h.
Further, the die used for extrusion in the step S4 is a plate die, and when the extrusion blank is placed before extrusion, the magnesium-aluminum alloy layer is placed in parallel with the length direction of the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 8-30, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-5 mm/S.
The extrusion speed in said step S4 is preferably 0.6-1.6 mm/S.
The magnesium alloy is in a three-dimensional compressive stress state in the extrusion deformation process, the plasticity of the magnesium alloy can be fully exerted, and the deformation capacity is improved, so that a large deformation amount is obtained. The Al/Mg/Al composite board prepared by the invention has the advantages that the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are tightly combined, metallurgical bonding is formed between interfaces, the interface bonding strength is high, and the comprehensive mechanical property is excellent.
Preferably, in the step S5, the composite board is sawed into boards with a length of 50-300mm, so that the lap rolling is facilitated.
In the step S6, the multi-pass rolling is more than 2 times of rolling, and the multi-directional rolling is reverse rolling in two or three directions of longitudinal direction, transverse direction and 45 degrees.
The thermal pressing temperature in the step S7 is 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the thermal pressing time is 2-18 h.
By adopting a multi-pass and multi-directional process, grains can be further fully refined by multi-pass rolling, the mechanical property is improved, the texture can be weakened by multi-directional rolling, the anisotropy of the plate is reduced, the uniformity of deformation in each direction is ensured, and the quality of the plate is improved.
The invention also provides a multilayer composite sheet which is prepared by the preparation method of the multilayer composite sheet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the alloy layer section is designed to be an S-shaped cambered surface, so that the three layers of alloys can be more effectively and mechanically engaged under the action of external force in the combination process, the falling off in the subsequent process is prevented, the production is influenced, the effective contact area of the three layers of alloys is effectively increased as much as possible, larger heat can be generated between magnesium/aluminum interfaces in the extrusion process, the driving force is provided for the dynamic recrystallization of crystal grains at the interfaces, the size of the crystal grains is refined, the obvious diffusion between the middle layer and the substrates at two sides can be promoted, and the metallurgical bonding between the middle layer and the substrates at two sides is realized.
In the prior art, hard and brittle intermetallic compounds are generated at a magnesium/aluminum interface generating metallurgical bonding, so that the interface bonding force between magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy is seriously influenced, and the composite plate is damaged in advance. The S-shaped cambered surface design of the alloy section can also lead the interface to generate non-uniform plastic deformation along the extrusion direction during extrusion to generate non-uniform load, and the non-uniform load can lead the hard and brittle intermetallic compound generated at the magnesium/aluminum interface to be crushed along with the extrusion, thereby effectively reducing the influence of the hard and brittle intermetallic compound at the interface on the binding force of the composite board and improving the comprehensive mechanical property.
The invention adopts an external force method, and applies certain pre-bonding force between the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy layers before extrusion deformation, so that the composite extrusion blank formed by combining the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy layers during subsequent extrusion processing is always an integral body, the composite extrusion blank does not fall off during extrusion to influence the production process, the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are isolated from the external air as far as possible, and the surface oxidation of the contact surface of the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy is reduced.
The invention adopts large extrusion ratio and slow extrusion, the slow extrusion can promote the metal to flow uniformly, increase the deformation coordination of the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer, ensure that the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer are extruded synchronously and are compounded uniformly, avoid forming strong silk texture, reduce the residual stress and the cracking risk of the plate and ensure that the plate obtains better straightness. In addition, the alloy crystal grains can be fully refined by large extrusion, and the mechanical property of the plate is obviously improved. The slow extrusion enables the dynamic recrystallization of the alloy to be more sufficient, the higher the recrystallization degree is, the lower the texture strength of the deformed wire is, and the anisotropy of the plate is reduced.
The invention adopts the pack rolling method to roll the composite extruded sheet, compared with the common rolling, the upper layer and the lower layer are contacted with the roller by the same metal during the pack rolling, the stress state between the upper layer and the lower layer and the roller is approximate to the same, when the stress is transmitted to the middle, the same alloy layers of the middle two layers can continue to generate buffer, so the deformation is more uniform. Therefore, the method is beneficial to grain refinement in the rolling process, improves the mechanical property of the composite sheet, can ensure that the magnesium/aluminum bonding layer is uniformly deformed, can fully crush intermetallic compounds of a diffusion layer in a part of extrusion tissues, forms a new interface structure, and enhances the binding force of a magnesium alloy layer and an aluminum alloy layer.
The multi-layer composite sheet is prepared by adopting an extrusion process scheme, magnesium and aluminum belong to light metal materials, the physical properties are close, the deformation consistency is good, the multi-layer composite sheet can be simultaneously formed by adopting an extrusion method, the multi-layer composite sheet can be applied to large-batch industrial production, the process is simple, the operation is easy, the multi-layer composite sheet can be synchronously popularized to the preparation of other metal materials as a general method, and the application scene is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cylinder after the alloy plates of the present invention are assembled.
Description of the symbols: 1-aluminum alloy and 2-magnesium alloy.
Detailed Description
Example 1
S1, material preparation: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of tangent arc of the bulge and the recess and the connecting line of the two ends is 40 mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcibly knocking the bonding part by a hammer to generate deformation at the bonding part, wherein the bonding part has certain bonding force, so that the layers are not easy to fall off;
and S4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, placing the composite material in an extruder for pressurizing after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3 mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20 mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
s6, two sawn extruded composite boards are stacked together, preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours, and then rolled. Rolling with single reduction of 20%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the width direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
and S7, putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
The results of the bonding strength test after rolling in this example are shown in table 1.
Example 2
S1, material preparation: preparing two 6061 aluminum alloy and AZ40M magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of tangent arc of the bulge and the recess and the connecting line of the two ends is 40 mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface black oxide skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with alcohol after polishing to be bright, washing away surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcibly knocking the bonding part by a hammer to generate deformation at the bonding part, wherein the bonding part has certain bonding force, so that the layers are not easy to fall off;
and S4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, placing the composite material in an extruder for pressurizing after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3 mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20 mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
s6, two sawn extruded composite boards are stacked together, preheated at 350 ℃ for 3 hours, and then rolled. Rolling with single reduction of 20%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
and S7, putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
The results of the bonding strength test of the multi-layer composite sheet of this example are shown in table 1.
Example 3
S1, material preparation: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of tangent arc of the bulge and the recess and the connecting line of the two ends is 40 mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, pressurizing by using a hydraulic press, wherein the pressing amount is 1mm, deformation is generated at the bonding part, and a certain bonding force is provided, so that each layer is not easy to fall off;
and S4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, placing the composite material in an extruder for pressurizing after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 8, and the extrusion speed is 0.3 mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20 mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
s6, two sawn extruded composite boards are stacked together, preheated at 400 ℃ for 8 hours, and then rolled. Rolling with single rolling reduction of 15%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
and S7, putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
The results of the bonding strength test of the multi-layer composite sheet of this example are shown in table 1:
example 4
S1, material preparation: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of tangent arc of the bulge and the recess and the connecting line of the two ends is 40 mm;
s2, surface cleaning: alkali washing the aluminum alloy layer by using KOH solution with the pH value of 11, acid washing the magnesium alloy layer by using oxalic acid solution with the pH value of 6.5, washing the surface by using alcohol solution, and then air drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of a cylinder, tightly attaching the layers, then forcibly knocking the bonding part by a hammer to generate deformation at the bonding part, wherein the bonding part has certain bonding force, so that the layers are not easy to fall off;
and S4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating at 350 ℃ for 12h, placing the composite material in an extruder for pressurization after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the extrusion ratio is 15 at 0.5m/S, and the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20 mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
and S6, stacking the two sawed extruded composite plate magnesium alloy layers together, preheating for 3 hours at 350 ℃, and then starting rolling. Rolling with single reduction of 20%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
and S7, putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 100 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 12 hours.
The results of the bonding strength test of the multi-layer composite sheet of this example are shown in table 1:
comparative example 1
S1, material preparation: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of tangent arc of the bulge and the recess and the connecting line of the two ends is 40 mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
and S3, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, placing the composite material in an extruder for pressurizing after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3 mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20 mm.
S4, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
s5, preheating a sawn extrusion composite board at 350 ℃ for 3h, and then starting to roll. Rolling with single reduction of 20%, sequentially rolling in the length direction and the thickness direction between the front and the back passes, and placing the plates into a resistance furnace after each rolling for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
and S6, putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
The results of the test of the bonding strength of the multilayer composite sheet of the comparative example are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that if the rolling is performed by only a common rolling method instead of the pack rolling method, the bonding force between the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer of the finally manufactured composite sheet is significantly lower than that of examples 1-4, which proves that the pack rolling method provided by the invention can enhance the bonding force between the two alloys and further improve the mechanical properties of the sheet.
Comparative example 2
S1, material preparation: preparing two 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31B magnesium alloy cast rods with the diameter of 300mm and the length of 405mm, and turning the cast rods to the diameter of 296mm and the length of 400 mm; then cutting into S-shaped section as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the distance d between the vertex of tangent arc of the bulge and the recess and the connecting line of the two ends is 40 mm;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing the prepared magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy surfaces with abrasive paper to be bright, removing surface oxidation black skin and linear cutting marks, cleaning with tap water after polishing to be bright, washing to remove surface polishing powder, and then air-drying;
s3, assembling and combining: combining the cleaned magnesium alloy and the cleaned aluminum alloy according to the shape of the cylinder, tightly attaching the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy, then forcibly knocking the joint part by a hammer to generate deformation at the joint part, wherein the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy have certain binding force, so that the magnesium alloy and the aluminum alloy are not easy to fall off;
and S4, placing the combined composite material in a resistance furnace for preheating at the preheating temperature of 300 ℃ for 8h, placing the composite material in an extruder for pressurizing after the preheating time is reached, wherein the extrusion die is a plate extrusion die, and the composite extrusion blank is parallel to the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 10, and the extrusion speed is 0.3 mm/S. The thickness of the extruded sheet was 20 mm.
S5, sawing the extruded composite board according to 200 mm;
and S6, stacking the two sawed extruded composite plate magnesium alloy layers together, preheating for 3 hours at 350 ℃, and then starting rolling. Rolling at a single time by 20%, wherein the rolling directions of the rolling between the previous and the next passes are the same, and after each rolling, placing the plate into a resistance furnace for heat preservation for 30min until the thickness of each plate is rolled to 10 mm;
and S7, putting the rolled sheet into a resistance furnace for hot flattening, wherein the hot flattening temperature is 200 ℃, and the hot flattening time is 10 hours.
The results of the bonding strength test of the multi-layer composite sheet of the comparative example are shown in table 1, and it can be seen that if unidirectional rolling is adopted between the previous and subsequent passes during rolling, the bonding force between the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer of the finally manufactured composite sheet is lower than that of examples 1-4, but slightly higher than that of comparative example 1.
TABLE 1
| Examples | Binding force/MPa |
| Example 1 | 32.2 |
| Example 2 | 31.5 |
| Example 3 | 33.0 |
| Example 4 | 31.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 22.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 27.3 |
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the multilayer composite sheet is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps of:
s1, material preparation: processing aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials to required shapes and sizes, and combining the obtained three layers of plate-shaped alloys into a cylinder, wherein the magnesium alloy in the cylinder is positioned between two layers of aluminum alloys, and the surfaces of the two layers of aluminum alloys and the magnesium alloy which are jointed are S-shaped cambered surfaces;
s2, surface cleaning: polishing and cleaning the aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy materials prepared in the step S1 to clean the surfaces of the alloy materials;
s3, assembling and combining: assembling and combining the alloy materials cleaned in the step S3, and fixing the alloy materials into a cylinder in a mechanical meshing manner;
s4, extrusion molding: preheating the magnesium-aluminum composite blank after the assembly is finished, and then extruding and forming to prepare a magnesium-aluminum composite plate;
s5, sawing: sawing the composite board extruded in the step S4;
s6, pack rolling: preheating the sawed extruded plates, stacking the preheated composite plates up and down, and then performing multi-pass and multi-directional hot rolling to obtain an aluminum/magnesium/aluminum composite sheet;
s7, flattening: the rolled composite sheet is hot-pressed flat and subsequently cooled.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy of step S1 contains all the metal materials or metal matrix composites with aluminum as the main component, and the content of aluminum is 50-100%, and the magnesium alloy contains all the metal materials or metal matrix composites with magnesium as the main component, and the content of magnesium is 50-100%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing method in step S1 includes a deformation method and a machining method, wherein the deformation method includes one of extrusion, forging and rolling, and the machining method includes one of wire cutting and turning.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the polishing process of step S2 comprises mechanical polishing anda chemical polishing method, wherein the mechanical polishing method is one or more of sand paper polishing, grinding by a grinding machine and steel wire ball grinding; the chemical polishing is to polish by using a chemical solution, wherein the surface of both alloys is degreased by using a degreasing agent, the aluminum alloy layer is subjected to alkali cleaning for 20-120s by using an alkaline solution with the pH of 9-11, and the alkaline solution comprises NaOH solution, KOH and NaHCO3One of (1); pickling the magnesium alloy layer with acid solution with pH of 5.5-6.5 for 20-120s, wherein the acid solution comprises HCl and H2SO4One of oxalic acid and phosphoric acid solution; the cleaning process is to clean the polished magnesium alloy layer and the polished aluminum alloy layer by using deionized water or alcohol solution, and then naturally air-dry or dry the magnesium alloy layer and the aluminum alloy layer.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radius of the cylinder in step S3 is 50-160mm, and the material length is 200-800 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S3 is performed by combining the mg alloy layer and the al alloy layer in a cylindrical shape, and then pressing and fixing the three alloy layers to mechanically engage the mg alloy layer and the al alloy layer; the fixing method comprises the steps of pressurizing two aluminum alloy layers on the outer side by a hydraulic press, and keeping the pressure up and down to enable the two aluminum alloy layers to be tightly combined, or knocking the combination boundary line of the surface of the cylinder by external force to enable the combination boundary line to deform.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the magnesium-aluminum composite billet in step S4 is 150 ℃ to 450 ℃, and the preheating time is 6-12 h.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the die used for extrusion in step S4 is a plate die, and when the extrusion billet is placed before extrusion, the magnesium aluminum alloy layer is placed in parallel with the length direction of the extrusion die, the extrusion ratio is 8-30, and the extrusion speed is 0.3-5 mm/S.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiple pass in step S6 is more than 2 passes, and the multi-directional rolling is reverse rolling in two or three of longitudinal, transverse and 45 ° directions; the thermal pressing temperature in the step S7 is 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the thermal pressing time is 2-18 h.
10. A multilayer composite sheet, characterized by being produced by the production method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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