CN109702012B - Preparation method of high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing engineering, and relates to a preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board, which comprises the steps of firstly polishing and cleaning the surfaces of a magnesium alloy board and an aluminum alloy board, then stacking the cleaned aluminum alloy boards on two sides of the surface of the magnesium alloy board with a weak base texture to form a magnesium-aluminum raw board with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure, finally performing single-pass rolling on the stacked magnesium-aluminum raw board in a roller at 50-250 ℃ after keeping the temperature of the stacked magnesium-aluminum raw board at 200-450 ℃ for more than 10min, wherein the total pressure reduction of the magnesium-aluminum raw board is 30-70%, so that the magnesium-aluminum composite board is obtained, and the fracture elongation of the magnesium-aluminum composite board prepared by the method is more than one time higher than the plasticity of the magnesium-.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing engineering, and relates to a preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board.
Background
Magnesium and magnesium alloy are one of the most promising green engineering metal materials. Magnesium is not only the lightest metal for structures, but also compared with other metal structure materials, magnesium and magnesium alloy have the characteristics of high specific strength, high specific rigidity, strong damping and shock absorption performance and electromagnetic shielding performance, capability of bearing larger impact vibration load and the like, so the magnesium alloy is widely applied to the fields of vehicles, electronic industry products, aerospace and the like, and is the third metal structure material developed after steel and aluminum alloy. However, for a long time, the use of magnesium alloys has been slow. The main limiting factors are poor processing deformation capability and low corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy. Magnesium has a close-packed hexagonal crystal structure, and thus has poor plastic deformability, and is difficult to process into plates, tapes, shapes, and bars. In addition, magnesium is very active, easily reacts with oxygen in the air to generate magnesium oxide, and an oxide film is loose, so that the magnesium alloy has low corrosion resistance, which limits the application of the magnesium alloy.
In order to solve the above problems, many attempts have been made by researchers in various countries, and a method of making a magnesium-aluminum composite plate in which aluminum is coated on the surface of a magnesium alloy is very interesting. Because the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of good plasticity and strong corrosion resistance, the aluminum is coated on the outer surface of the magnesium alloy, so that on one hand, the magnesium alloy can be prevented from directly contacting with corrosive media of the environment, and the effective corrosion protection is provided for the magnesium alloy; on the other hand, negative tensile stress is formed on the surface of the magnesium alloy, so that the generation of small surface cracks of the magnesium alloy in the deformation process is reduced, and the processing deformation capacity of the magnesium alloy is improved.
At present, the method for preparing the magnesium-aluminum alloy composite plate at home and abroad mainly comprises a rolling composite method, an accumulation and pack rolling composite method, an explosion connection composite method, a spinning composite method and a composite method derived by the methods. Due to the close-packed hexagonal crystal structure of the magnesium alloy, the strong base texture of the surface of a common commercial magnesium alloy plate and the lack of texture selection of previous researchers in preparing the magnesium-aluminum alloy composite plate, the prepared magnesium-aluminum composite plate has poor plasticity, and the wide application of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate in the industrial field is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate, which aims to solve the problems that the prepared magnesium-aluminum composite plate has poor plasticity and the application of the prepared magnesium-aluminum composite plate is limited because no texture selection is performed on the magnesium-aluminum alloy composite plate prepared by the prior art.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board, which comprises the following steps:
A. polishing the plate surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to ensure that the plate surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 12.5 mu m;
B. cleaning the surfaces of the polished magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate to remove metal chips and impurities on the surfaces;
C. stacking the cleaned aluminum alloy plates on two sides of a magnesium alloy plate surface with weak or no basal plane texture to form a magnesium-aluminum raw plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure;
D. placing the stacked magnesium-aluminum raw plates in a heating furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 10-120 min at the temperature of 200-450 ℃;
E. and taking out the heat-treated magnesium-aluminum raw plate, immediately putting the magnesium-aluminum raw plate into a roller at 50-250 ℃ for single-pass rolling, wherein the total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum raw plate is 30-70%, and thus obtaining the magnesium-aluminum composite plate.
Further, the magnesium alloy plate in the step A is a magnesium alloy plate with a typical texture, which is prepared by adopting an extrusion or rolling or directional solidification mode.
Further, in the step A, the magnesium alloy plate is a Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-Mn, Mg-Ca series magnesium alloy plate or a pure magnesium plate, and the aluminum alloy plate is a 1 series, 2 series, 3 series, 5 series, 6 series, 7 series, 8 series aluminum alloy.
Further, in the step A, the magnesium alloy plate is an ordinary commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, and the aluminum alloy plate is an ordinary commercial 1050 aluminum alloy plate.
And further, in the step A, a steel wire brush or sand paper is selected to polish the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate.
Further, in the step A, the thickness of the magnesium alloy plate is 0.8-5.0 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 0.4-2.0 mm.
And step B, washing the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by using clean water, then washing the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by using acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and finally drying the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate.
Further, the thickness ratio of the aluminum alloy plate to the magnesium alloy plate in the step C is 1: 1-10, and the total thickness of the overlapped magnesium-aluminum raw plate is less than 20 mm.
And C, for the magnesium alloy plate obtained in the extrusion mode, the plane with weak basal texture is an ED-ND plane and a TD-ND plane, and for the magnesium alloy plate obtained in the rolling mode, the plane with weak basal texture is an RD-ND plane and a TD-ND plane, wherein ED is the extrusion direction, RD is the rolling direction, ND is the normal direction of the rolling plane or the extrusion plane, and TD is the transverse direction of the magnesium alloy plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate disclosed by the invention selects the composite surface of the magnesium alloy plate, selects the surface with weak texture of the basal surface of the magnesium alloy plate as the composite surface, and has good composite effect with the aluminum alloy plate on the surface with low texture of the magnesium alloy plateThe plasticity (fracture elongation) of the prepared magnesium-aluminum composite board is more than one time higher than that of the magnesium-aluminum composite board prepared by a common method. The reason is twofold. Firstly, compared with the prior multi-pass rolling compounding, the accumulation and overlapping rolling or the spinning compounding, the invention adopts the surface with weak texture of the magnesium alloy basal plane to compound with the aluminum alloy in a single pass, the compounding time of the process is short, and brittle second phases (such as Mg) are not generated at the joint of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate17Al12) Or very little, and therefore the plasticity of the whole is good. In addition, the magnesium alloy plate with lower basal texture is easier to deform under the same condition, and crystal grains are fully refined under a large reduction amount in a single pass without generating microcracks, so that the plasticity is improved.
2. According to the preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate disclosed by the invention, because the surface with weak texture of the basal plane of the magnesium alloy plate is selected to be compounded with the aluminum alloy plate, the structure of the contact surface of the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate is easy to refine, the structure of the contact surface of the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate can be effectively refined by adopting a single-pass rolling mode, so that the strength of the contact surface of the aluminum alloy plate and the magnesium alloy plate is enhanced, and the mechanical property of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate is obviously improved. Meanwhile, compared with the multi-pass rolling in the prior art, the single-pass rolling mode has higher production efficiency. The method for selectively compounding the magnesium alloy texture can be applied to all the existing preparation methods of magnesium-aluminum composite plates.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a drawing graph of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using a RD-ND surface of a magnesium alloy plate as a composite surface in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using the RD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as a composite surface in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by taking a TD-ND surface of a magnesium alloy plate as a composite surface in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic graph of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using the RD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as a composite surface in example 3 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using the TD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as a composite surface in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic graph of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by using the RD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as a composite surface in example 5 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a metallographic diagram of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by taking the TD-ND surface of the magnesium alloy plate as a composite surface in example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board comprises the following steps:
A. grinding the plate surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by using No. 800 abrasive paper to ensure that the plate surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 12.5 mu m, wherein the magnesium alloy plate is a common commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, the aluminum alloy plate is a common commercial 1050 aluminum alloy plate, and the magnesium alloy plate is prepared by adopting a rolling mode;
B. firstly washing the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate after polishing with clear water, then washing the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate with absolute ethyl alcohol solution, removing metal chips and impurities on the surfaces, and finally drying the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate;
C. stacking the cleaned aluminum alloy plates on two sides of a magnesium alloy plate surface (RD-ND surface) with weak basal texture to form a magnesium-aluminum raw plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure;
D. placing the stacked magnesium-aluminum raw plates in a heating furnace, and carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 400 ℃ for 10 min;
E. and taking out the heat-treated magnesium-aluminum raw plate, immediately placing the magnesium-aluminum raw plate into a roller at 200 ℃ for single-pass rolling, wherein the total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum raw plate is 65%, and the tensile curve and the gold phase diagram of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate are shown in the figure 1 and the figure 2 respectively.
Example 2
Example 2 is different from example 1 in that the cleaned aluminum alloy plates are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface with weak basal texture (TD-ND surface) in step C to form a magnesium-aluminum raw plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure, and the gold phase diagram of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate is finally obtained as shown in fig. 3.
Example 3
A preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board comprises the following steps:
A. grinding the plate surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by using No. 800 abrasive paper to ensure that the plate surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 12.5 mu m, wherein the magnesium alloy plate is a common commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, the aluminum alloy plate is a common commercial 1050 aluminum alloy plate, and the magnesium alloy plate is prepared by adopting a rolling mode;
B. firstly washing the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate after polishing with clear water, then washing the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate with absolute ethyl alcohol solution, removing metal chips and impurities on the surfaces, and finally drying the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate;
C. stacking the cleaned aluminum alloy plates on two sides of a magnesium alloy plate surface (RD-ND surface) with weak basal texture to form a magnesium-aluminum raw plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure;
D. placing the stacked magnesium-aluminum raw plates in a heating furnace, and carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 300 ℃ for 20 min;
E. and taking out the heat-treated magnesium-aluminum raw plate, immediately putting the magnesium-aluminum raw plate into a roller at 150 ℃ for single-pass rolling, wherein the total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum raw plate is 40%, and obtaining the magnesium-aluminum composite plate, wherein the gold phase diagram of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate is shown in figure 4.
Example 4
Example 4 is different from example 3 in that the cleaned aluminum alloy plates are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface with weak basal texture (TD-ND surface) in step C to form a magnesium-aluminum raw plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure, and the gold phase diagram of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate is finally obtained as shown in fig. 5.
Example 5
A preparation method of a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board comprises the following steps:
A. grinding the plate surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate by using No. 800 abrasive paper to ensure that the plate surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 12.5 mu m, wherein the magnesium alloy plate is a common commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, the aluminum alloy plate is a common commercial 1050 aluminum alloy plate, and the magnesium alloy plate is prepared by adopting a rolling mode;
B. firstly washing the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate after polishing with clear water, then washing the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate with absolute ethyl alcohol solution, removing metal chips and impurities on the surfaces, and finally drying the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate;
C. stacking the cleaned aluminum alloy plates on two sides of a magnesium alloy plate surface (RD-ND surface) with weak basal texture to form a magnesium-aluminum raw plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure;
D. placing the stacked magnesium-aluminum raw plates in a heating furnace, and carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 40 min;
E. and taking out the heat-treated magnesium-aluminum raw plate, immediately putting the magnesium-aluminum raw plate into a roller at 100 ℃ for single-pass rolling, wherein the total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum raw plate is 35%, and obtaining the magnesium-aluminum composite plate, wherein the metallographic diagram of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate is shown in fig. 6.
Example 6
Example 6 is different from example 5 in that the cleaned aluminum alloy plates are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy plate surface with weak basal texture (TD-ND surface) in step C to form a magnesium-aluminum raw plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure, and the gold phase diagram of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate is finally obtained as shown in fig. 7.
The prior magnesium-aluminum composite method does not select magnesium alloy textures, but a common commercial magnesium alloy plate generally selects an RD-TD surface as a plate surface, so that the RD-TD surface of the magnesium alloy plate is selected as a composite surface in a comparative example.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that the aluminum alloy sheets after washing are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy sheet surface (RD-TD surface) with a remarkable basal texture in step C to form a magnesium-aluminum raw sheet with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 3 in that the aluminum alloy sheets after washing are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy sheet surface (RD-TD surface) with a remarkable basal texture in step C to form a magnesium-aluminum raw sheet with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is different from example 5 in that the aluminum alloy sheets after washing are stacked on both sides of the magnesium alloy sheet surface (RD-TD surface) with a remarkable basal texture in step C to form a magnesium-aluminum raw sheet with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure.
The fracture elongation of the high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite boards prepared in the examples 1 to 6 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 is shown in the table I:
watch 1
As can be seen from the table I, the fracture elongation of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by selecting the RD-ND surface and the TD-ND surface as the composite surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate is obviously higher than that of the magnesium-aluminum composite plate prepared by adopting the RD-TD surface as the composite surfaces in the prior art, and the fracture elongation can reach 1.5-3 times of that of the prior art.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. polishing the plate surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to ensure that the plate surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 12.5 mu m;
B. cleaning the surfaces of the polished magnesium alloy plate and aluminum alloy plate to remove metal chips and impurities on the surfaces;
C. stacking the cleaned aluminum alloy plates on two sides of a magnesium alloy plate surface with weak basal plane texture or without basal plane texture to form a magnesium-aluminum raw plate with an aluminum-magnesium-aluminum sandwich structure;
D. placing the stacked magnesium-aluminum raw plates in a heating furnace, and carrying out heat treatment for 10-120 min at the temperature of 200-450 ℃;
E. and taking out the heat-treated magnesium-aluminum raw plate, immediately putting the magnesium-aluminum raw plate into a roller at 50-250 ℃ for single-pass rolling, wherein the total reduction of the magnesium-aluminum raw plate is 30-70%, and thus obtaining the magnesium-aluminum composite plate.
2. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium alloy plate in the step A is a texture typical magnesium alloy plate prepared by adopting an extrusion or rolling or directional solidification mode.
3. The method for manufacturing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium alloy plate in the step A is a Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-Mn, Mg-Ca series magnesium alloy plate or a pure magnesium plate, and the aluminum alloy plate is a 1-series, 2-series, 3-series, 5-series, 6-series, 7-series or 8-series aluminum alloy.
4. The method of manufacturing a high plasticity magnesium aluminum composite panel as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step A, the magnesium alloy panel is a normal commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy panel, and the aluminum alloy panel is a normal commercial 1050 aluminum alloy panel.
5. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate is polished by a steel wire brush or sand paper in the step A.
6. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, the thickness of the magnesium alloy plate is 0.8-5.0 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 0.4-2.0 mm.
7. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate are washed by clear water, the washed surfaces of the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate are washed by acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol solution, and finally the magnesium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate are dried.
8. The method for preparing a high-plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite board as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness ratio of the aluminum alloy board to the magnesium alloy board in the step C is 1: 1-10, and the total thickness of the superposed magnesium-aluminum raw boards is less than 20 mm.
9. The method of manufacturing a high plasticity magnesium-aluminum composite plate according to claim 2, wherein in the step C, the magnesium alloy plate obtained by the extrusion method has the faces with weak texture which are the ED-ND face and the TD-ND face, and the magnesium alloy plate obtained by the rolling method has the faces with weak texture which are the RD-ND face and the TD-ND face, wherein ED is the extrusion direction, RD is the rolling direction, ND is the rolling face or the normal direction of the extrusion face, and TD is the transverse direction of the magnesium alloy plate.
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| CN110548776A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-12-10 | 太原理工大学 | Method for preparing aluminum-magnesium-aluminum three-layer metal composite plate by prefabricating cross corrugated interface |
| CN112589104A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-04-02 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for preparing magnesium-aluminum composite board by combining powder additive manufacturing, rolling and heat treatment |
| CN111360095B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-06-22 | 重庆大学 | Method for improving tensile plasticity of ultra-fine grain aluminum plate |
| CN113290048B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2023-02-17 | 航天科工(长沙)新材料研究院有限公司 | Aluminum/magnesium/aluminum alloy composite material and preparation process thereof |
| CN113118216A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-16 | 太原理工大学 | Rolling method of aluminum/magnesium/aluminum laminated composite plate with large thickness ratio |
| CN113732059B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-12-05 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Magnesium-aluminum composite board and preparation method thereof |
| CN114632835B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-02-06 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Magnesium-aluminum multilayer composite board and preparation method thereof |
| CN117066268B (en) * | 2023-08-29 | 2024-02-02 | 佛山通宝精密合金股份有限公司 | Preparation method of magnesium-aluminum composite thin belt |
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| CN101530860B (en) * | 2009-04-13 | 2011-05-04 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for preparing aluminum-magnesium ultrafine crystal composite plate with multilayer structure |
| CN103394537B (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2016-07-06 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of thin crystalline substance/ultrafine grain metal stratified material |
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