CN113853920A

CN113853920A - Light and simple crawler self-propelled potato harvester

Info

Publication number: CN113853920A
Application number: CN202111336403.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏忠彩; 李学强; 王法明; 金诚谦; 孟鹏祥; 王兴欢; 李晓晖; 梁希成; 马宁宁; 苏国粱; 张祥彩; 王宪良; 程修沛; 杨振宇; 刘洋
Original assignee: Shandong Sidaier Agricultural Equipment Co ltd; Shandong University of Technology
Current assignee: Shandong Sidaier Agricultural Equipment Co ltd; Shandong University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-11-12
Filing date: 2021-11-12
Publication date: 2021-12-31
Anticipated expiration: 2041-11-12
Also published as: CN113853920B

Abstract

The invention provides a light and simple crawler self-propelled potato harvester which is characterized in that: the crawler of the advancing system is arranged on the ground, the frame and the internal combustion engine are arranged on the driving frame, one side of the frame is provided with a hydraulic pump, the frame is provided with a control system, and two sides of the frame are hinged with operation seats; a motor of the driving device drives the quincuncial wheels through chain transmission, and a carrier roller I, a carrier roller II and a vibrating wheel are arranged on the sorting frame and the pre-sorting frame; one end of the sorting screen is hung on the plum blossom wheel, the other end of the sorting screen is hung on the carrier roller I, the upper section of the sorting screen is supported on the carrier roller I, the vibrating wheel and part of the carrier rollers II, and the lower section of the sorting screen is supported on other carrier rollers II; two ends of the excavating device are arranged on the pre-sorting frame, and the row aligning device is hinged on the pre-sorting frame; the row-aligning excavating and pre-sorting device is hinged on the sorting device, and a cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the pre-sorting frame. The invention has accurate operation, high operation efficiency, low damage rate to potato and low peel breaking rate, is flexible and is not limited by weather and soil conditions.

Description

Light and simple crawler self-propelled potato harvester

Technical Field

The invention provides a light and simple crawler self-propelled potato harvester, belongs to modern agricultural machinery equipment, and is mainly used for harvesting mature potatoes.

Background

Hilly mountain areas are domestic important potato growing areas. Although the domestic potato sectional harvesting mechanization and the domestic potato combined harvesting mechanization have achieved certain progress, the potato planting machine is not suitable for large and medium-sized potato harvesters to carry out underground operation for potato planting in hilly and mountainous areas. For special planting conditions such as heavy soil conditions, small broken fields, hilly and mountainous area sloping fields, multi-stone plots and the like, a better harvesting effect is difficult to obtain only by the existing potato harvester, and the practical problems of 'existence of machines, incapability of using' existence of machines ', poor use of machines' and the like exist. In addition, the running power of the existing potato harvester depends on a tractor, so that the turning radius is large, the operation flexibility is poor, the accuracy of the operation is poor, and the operation efficiency is low; in addition, the operation in a viscous soil area after rain is limited due to the general matching of a wheeled tractor. Therefore, a light and simple crawler self-propelled potato harvester which is accurate in alignment, high in operation efficiency, low in damage rate to potatoes and skin breaking rate, flexible and free of limitation of weather and soil conditions is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a light and simple crawler self-propelled potato harvester which can overcome the problems in the existing agricultural machinery equipment industry, is accurate in alignment, high in operation efficiency, low in damaged potato and skin breaking rate, flexible and free from the limitation of weather and soil conditions.

The technical scheme is as follows: the traveling system comprises a chassis, a rack, a power system, a control system, a guard plate and an operation seat, wherein the chassis comprises a driving frame, a driving motor, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a crawler belt and a hydraulic cylinder, the driving frame comprises a longitudinal beam I, a cross beam I, a driving lug, a lug I and a supporting leg, the cross section of the longitudinal beam I is U-shaped, one end of the longitudinal beam I is fixedly connected with the cross beam I, the longitudinal beam I is parallel to the cross beam I and is vertical to the cross beam I, the longitudinal beam I and the cross beam I are positioned in the same plane, U-shaped openings of the longitudinal beam I face the same direction vertical to the planes of the longitudinal beam I and the cross beam I, one end of the longitudinal beam I connected with the cross beam I is provided with 1 driving lug, the driving lugs 2 face the direction far away from the longitudinal beam I, and round holes are arranged on the driving lugs 2, The axes of round holes on 2 driving lugs are coaxial, the axes of the round holes are vertical to the length direction of a longitudinal beam I, the side surface of the middle part of a cross beam I opposite to the direction of a U-shaped opening of the longitudinal beam I is provided with 2 lugs I, the plate surface of the lugs I is vertical to the length direction of the cross beam I, the other ends of the 2 longitudinal beams I are fixedly connected through another 1 cross beam I, 2 straight rod-shaped support legs are fixed on the side surface of the middle part of the cross beam I far away from the driving lugs, the 2 support legs are parallel and are positioned in the same plane with the 2 cross beam I, 2 driving motors are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the 2 driving lugs, namely the 2 driving motors are positioned between the 2 driving lugs, the extending ends of the output shafts of the 2 driving motors respectively penetrating through the round holes of the 2 driving lugs are respectively provided with 1 driving wheel, the shafts at the two ends of 2 driven wheels are respectively supported on the U-shaped side plate at one end of the 2 longitudinal beams I far away from the driving lugs, 2 annular tracks are hung on a driving wheel and a driven wheel which are positioned at two ends of the same longitudinal beam I respectively, a cylinder body of a hydraulic cylinder is hinged between 2 lugs I which are fixed in the middle of a cross beam I, a chassis is arranged on the ground through the outer side surfaces of the 2 tracks, and U-shaped openings of the 2 longitudinal beams I are downward; the frame comprises a longitudinal beam II, a cross beam III, a cross beam IV, a vertical column I, a vertical column II, a U-shaped lug I, a supporting plate and a cross beam V, wherein the middle parts of 2 longitudinal beams II are fixedly connected with the cross beam II through the cross beam II, 2 longitudinal beams II are parallel and are positioned in the same plane with the cross beam II, the cross beam II and the cross beam III are both vertical to the longitudinal beam II, the side surface of the cross beam III close to the longitudinal beam II is attached to the side surface of the longitudinal beam II close to the cross beam III, one end of the longitudinal beam II far away from the cross beam II is fixedly connected with the cross beam IV, the length of the cross beam IV is larger than the distance between the outer side surfaces of 2 longitudinal beams II, one end of 2 vertical columns I is fixed in the middle parts of the cross beam II, the 2 vertical columns I are perpendicular to the plane of the cross beam II and the plane of the longitudinal beam II and are symmetrically arranged relative to the cross section passing through the center of the length direction of the cross beam II, the cross beam I is positioned on one side of the longitudinal beam II, one end of the other side of the cross beam II, one end of the cross beam II is fixed, one end of the cross beam II, and one end of the other end of the cross beam II is fixed in the cross beam III, The extending direction of the two upright posts is the same as that of the 2 upright posts I, the end part of the 2 upright posts II, which is far away from the cross beam III, is positioned in the same plane with the end part of the 2 upright posts I, which is far away from the cross beam II, and the 2 upright posts II, which are fixed on the cross beam III, are respectively positioned in the same plane with the upright posts I fixed on the same side of the cross beam II, the outer side surfaces of the 2 longitudinal beams II are respectively fixed with 2U-shaped lugs I, the U-shaped openings of the U-shaped lugs I face the extending direction of the upright posts I, round holes are respectively arranged on the U-shaped side plates of the U-shaped lugs I on the same side of the longitudinal beams II, the axes of all the round holes on the U-shaped side plates of the U-shaped lugs I on the same side of the longitudinal beams II are coaxial, and the axes of the round holes are respectively parallel to the longitudinal beams II, the middle parts of the 2 longitudinal beams II are respectively fixed with 1 supporting plate in the direction opposite to the extending direction of the upright posts I, and the supporting plates are positioned between the cross beam II and close to the cross beam III in the length direction of the longitudinal beam III, 1 cross beam V is fixed between 2 supporting plates close to the longitudinal beam II, the plane of the cross beam V far away from the longitudinal beam II coincides with the plane of the cross beam III far away from the longitudinal beam II, the rack is installed in the middle of 2 cross beams I of a driving frame of the chassis 11 through 2 upright columns I and 2 upright columns II, the 2 upright columns I are located on one side of a driving motor close to the chassis, and the cross section passing through the center of the cross beam II in the length direction coincides with the cross section passing through the center of the cross beam I in the length direction; the power system comprises an internal combustion engine, a connecting pipe, a hydraulic pump, a coupler and an oil tank, wherein the internal combustion engine is arranged on 2 supporting legs of a driving frame of a chassis, one side of the internal combustion engine, which is close to a driving motor of the chassis, is provided with the connecting pipe, the end part of the connecting pipe, which is far away from the internal combustion engine, is provided with the hydraulic pump, an output shaft of the internal combustion engine is connected with an input shaft of the hydraulic pump through the coupler, and the oil tank is arranged on a cross beam III and a cross beam V, the two ends of which are fixed on 2 supporting plates; the control system comprises a control box body, a control box support plate, a hydraulic valve block and a control handle, wherein one side of the control box body is arranged on a longitudinal beam II of the rack through the control box support plate, the other side of the control box body is arranged on a support plate which is fixed on the same longitudinal beam II of the rack as the 1 longitudinal beam II, the hydraulic valve block and the control handle are arranged in the control box body, and guard plates are arranged above the rack and the power system; the operation seat comprises a seat, a seat clamp, a cross rod, pedal frames and pedals, the seat is clamped in the middle of the cross rod through the seat clamp, 1 pedal frame is arranged on each of two sides of the seat of the cross rod, the extending direction of the pedal frame is opposite to the extending direction of the seat, one end of each cross rod 2 provided with 1 seat and 2 pedal frames is hinged to 2U-shaped lugs I fixed on the outer side of the same longitudinal beam II of the frame, the seat faces upwards, 1 pedal is arranged at the end part, far away from the cross rod, of each cross rod 4 pedal frames, one end of each cross rod 2 provided with 1 seat and 2 pedal frames is hinged to 2U-shaped lugs I fixed on the outer side of the other longitudinal beam II of the frame, the seat faces upwards, and the end part, far away from the cross rod, of each pedal frame 4 is provided with the other 1 pedal; the sorting device comprises a sorting frame and a sorting sieve, wherein the sorting frame comprises a support, a driving device, a protective cover, a carrier roller I, a carrier roller II and a vibrating wheel, the support comprises a separating vertical plate and a pull rod, each edge of the J-shaped separating vertical plate is bent into a right angle towards the same direction, 2 separating vertical plates are connected together through 2 pull rods, the bending direction is outward, the plate surfaces of the 2 separating vertical plates are parallel to each other, the straight line segment and the J-shaped tail end of the J-shaped separating vertical plate are aligned, the driving device comprises a mounting plate, a motor, a driving sprocket, a quincunx wheel, a driving shaft, a driven sprocket and a chain, one side edge of 1 mounting plate is fixed on the J-shaped straight line segment of the 1 separating vertical plate and faces one side edge of the J-shaped tail end, 1 motor is mounted on one side plate surface of the mounting plate and is positioned between the 2 separating vertical plates, and a shaft of the motor penetrates through the mounting plate and is provided with the driving sprocket at an extending end, the plum blossom wheel consists of a plurality of transverse shifting teeth and a wheel hub, the two ends of a driving shaft which is respectively provided with 1 plum blossom wheel at two ends are supported at the end part of a J-shaped straight line section of a separation vertical plate far away from the tail end of the J-shaped straight line section after penetrating through the plum blossom wheel, the extending end of one end of a mounting plate which is towards the mounting plate after penetrating through the separation vertical plate is provided with a driven sprocket, the driven sprocket and a driving sprocket arranged on a motor shaft are positioned in the same plane, a chain is hung on the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket, the outer side of the separation vertical plate which is positioned at one side of the chain is provided with a shield at the position close to the chain, 1 carrier roller I is respectively arranged on the inner side plate surface of the J-shaped straight line section of the 2 separation vertical plates and at the position close to the tail end of the J-shaped straight line section, 1 vibrating wheel which is in the shape of a 6-edge is respectively arranged on the 2 separating vertical beams II and 2 supporting plates of a frame of the advancing system through the bending of a support, the J-shaped tail end of the separating vertical plate faces the advancing direction of the potato harvester, and the hook direction of the J-shaped tail end of the separating vertical plate is downward; the sorting sieve comprises sorting rods, annular belts and stop rods, wherein after one end of each straight rod-shaped sorting rod is bent, the straight rod is bent again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, the bent straight rod is parallel to the rod body part of the sorting rod, after the other end of the sorting rod is bent, the straight rod is also bent again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, the bent straight rod is coaxial with the straight rod after the other end of the sorting rod is bent, a plurality of groups of sorting rods are uniformly fixed on the outer sides of 2 annular belts in a ring shape through the straight rods at two ends, the rod body part of each sorting rod faces the inner side of the annular belt, the center distance between every two adjacent 2 sorting rods is equal to 2 times of the center distance between every two adjacent 2 sorting rods in each group of sorting rods, two ends of the stop levers with the same number as the sorting levers are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the 2 annular belts, and each stop lever is respectively positioned between every two adjacent 2 groups of sorting levers; the opposite-row excavating and pre-sorting device comprises a pre-sorting frame, a sorting sieve, an excavating device and an opposite-row device, wherein the pre-sorting frame comprises a pre-sorting vertical plate, a cross beam VI, a connecting rod, a U-shaped rod, a lug II, a lug III, a lug IV, a mud scraper, a carrier roller I, a carrier roller II and a vibrating wheel, one end of the pre-sorting vertical plate is in a sharp-angled shape, the middle part of the other end far away from the sharp-angled shape is provided with a pin shaft, 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are close to the pin shaft and are fixedly connected with one side of the pin shaft close to the sharp-angled shape through the cross beam VI, the plate surfaces of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are mutually parallel and the sharp angles are aligned, one end of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates in the sharp-angled shape is fixedly connected through the connecting rod, 2U-section side rods of the U-shaped rod are respectively fixed on one side edge of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates close to the connecting rod, 2 lugs II are fixed at the U-shaped bottom of the U-sorting rod, and the lug II faces the direction far away from the pre-sorting vertical plates, The surfaces of the lugs II are parallel to the surfaces of the pre-sorting vertical plates, 1 lug III is fixed on one side edge of a U-shaped rod fixed in the middle of each pre-sorting vertical plate 2, the surfaces of the lugs III are parallel to the surfaces of the pre-sorting vertical plates, 2 lugs IV are fixed in the middle of a cross beam VI in the direction away from the U-shaped rod, the surfaces of the lugs IV are parallel to the surfaces of the pre-sorting vertical plates, 1 carrier roller I is respectively arranged at the end part, close to the sharp-angled shape, of each pre-sorting vertical plate 2, 1 mud scraper is respectively arranged at the position, close to the pre-sorting vertical plates, of the two ends of a connecting rod, the mud scraper faces the direction of the carrier rollers I, a plurality of carrier rollers II are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the 2 separating vertical plates, and 1 vibrating wheel is respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces in the middle of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates; one end of the assembled sorting screen is hung on 2 plum blossom wheels of a driving device arranged on the sorting frame, the other end of the assembled sorting screen is hung on 2 carrier rollers I arranged on a pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, the inner annular surface of the girdle band at the upper section of the sorting screen is supported on the 2 carrier rollers I and 2 vibrating wheels arranged on the separating vertical plate of the sorting frame and the 2 vibrating wheels arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, and is also supported on the separating vertical plate arranged on the sorting frame and a part of carrier rollers II arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, and the outer annular surface of the girdle band at the lower section of the sorting screen is supported on other carrier rollers II; the excavating device comprises an excavating shovel, a triangular plate and guide rods, wherein 1 triangular plate is respectively arranged at two ends of the excavating shovel, a plurality of guide rods are uniformly arranged on the edge of the other side, away from the cutting edge, of the excavating shovel along the length direction of the excavating shovel, the length direction of each guide rod is vertical to the length direction of the excavating shovel, the plane of each guide rod is superposed with the plate surface of the excavating shovel, the excavating device is arranged between the sharp-angled end parts of 2 pre-sorting vertical plates of the pre-sorting frame through the triangular plates at the two ends, and the cutting edge of the excavating shovel faces the direction away from the cross beam VI; the line aligning device comprises a cutting assembly, a line aligning assembly and an adjusting assembly, wherein the cutting assembly comprises a U-shaped frame, a lug V, a U-shaped lug II, a supporting rod and a cutting disc, 2 lugs V are fixed on one side surface of the bottom of a U-shaped groove of the U-shaped frame, the plate surface of the lug V is parallel to a U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped frame, 2U-shaped lugs II are respectively fixed at the end parts of 2U-shaped side arms of the U-shaped frame through the outer surface of the bottom of the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped lug II, the plate surface of the U-shaped lug II is parallel to the plate surface of the lug V, one end of each 2 supporting rod is respectively fixed at the inner side of the joint of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and the U-shaped side arm, 2 supporting rods are vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, the plane where the 2 supporting rods are located is parallel to the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame, the 2 supporting rods are symmetrically arranged relative to the U-shaped frame through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and are vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, the inner sides of the other ends of the 2 supporting rods are respectively provided with a cutting disc in a shape of a 'shallow disc', the disc openings of the 2 cutting discs are all arranged outwards, the 2 cutting discs are symmetrically arranged relative to a symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame, which passes through the center of the bottom of a U-shaped groove of the U-shaped frame and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, the distance between the edges of the disc openings of the 2 cutting discs is in an inclined state of 'being close to one side of the fixed end of the supporting rod and the U-shaped frame and being far away from one side of the fixed end of the supporting rod and the U-shaped frame', the distance between the edges of the disc openings of the 2 cutting discs is in an inclined state of 'being close to one side of the fixed end of the supporting rod and one side of the fixed end of the U-shaped frame', the opposite row components comprise L-shaped rods, six square tubes, lockpins and opposite row wheels, the L-shaped rods with shorter lengths are provided with a plurality of transverse holes, the 2L-shaped rods are respectively inserted into the two ends of the six square tubes through the shorter lengths of the shorter rods and are locked through the 2 lockpins, the L-shaped rods are positioned in the same plane, namely, the assembly body formed by the 1 six square tubes and the L-shaped rods with the L-shaped rods, and is fixed on the outer side surface of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame of the cutting assembly through the outer side surface of the six-square tube, a U-shaped assembly formed by 1 six-square tube and 2L-shaped rods is superposed with a symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame, which passes through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped assembly and is perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, an obtuse angle formed by the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame is 120 +/-10 degrees, 2L-shaped rods are positioned on one side of the cutting disc relative to the U-shaped frame, 1 pair of running wheels are respectively arranged at the tail ends of the rods with longer lengths of the 2L-shaped rods, which are far away from the six-square tube, and 2 pair of running wheels pass through the center of the U-shaped tube of the U-shaped assembly, relative to the U-shaped assembly formed by 1 six-square tube and 2L-shaped rods, The symmetrical plane vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly is symmetrically arranged, the distance between the edges of the 2 pieces of the contra-going wheels is in an inclined state of ' big side close to the hexagonal tube and small side far from the hexagonal tube ' in the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and along the length direction vertical to the hexagonal tube ', the inclined state of ' small side close to the cutting disc and big side far from the cutting disc ' in the length direction vertical to the hexagonal tube is in an inclined state vertical to the U-shaped plane direction of the U-shaped assembly, the adjusting assembly comprises an adjusting rod, an adjusting pin, a locking nut, an adjusting hand wheel and a supporting tube, a shaft shoulder is arranged in the middle of the adjusting rod, an external thread is arranged at one end of the adjusting rod, one end of the adjusting rod provided with the external thread is screwed into a transverse screw hole in the middle of the adjusting pin, the two ends of the adjusting pin are supported on 2 pieces of lugs V of the cutting assembly, and the end of the adjusting rod provided with the external thread faces to the side far from the U-shaped lug II of the cutting assembly, the external thread end of the adjusting rod penetrates through the extending end of the adjusting pin and is locked through a locking nut, then an adjusting hand wheel is fixed, the other end, far away from the external thread, of the adjusting rod is inserted into a supporting pipe hole, a combined body of a cutting component and a line aligning component of the line aligning device is hinged to 2 lugs III of the pre-sorting frame through 2U-shaped lugs II of the cutting component, the tail end, far away from the adjusting pin, of the supporting pipe of the adjusting component of the line aligning device is hinged between the 2 lugs II of the pre-sorting frame, and a cutting disc and a line aligning wheel of the line aligning device are positioned on one side, close to the excavating device; the assembled opposite-row excavating and pre-sorting device is hinged to the J-shaped tail end of 2 separating vertical plates of a support of a sorting frame through a pin shaft at the middle part of one end, far away from the sharp-angled shape, of 2 pre-sorting vertical plates of the pre-sorting frame, a lug IV fixed at the middle part of a cross beam VI of the pre-sorting frame and a motor installed on a J-shaped straight line section of the separating vertical plate of the support of the sorting frame are located on the same side, and a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder installed on a chassis of a traveling system is hinged between the 2 lugs IV fixed at the middle part of the cross beam VI of the pre-sorting frame.

On the basis of the prior art, the cross section of a longitudinal beam I of a driving frame of a chassis of a traveling system is U-shaped, one end of 2 longitudinal beams I is fixedly connected through a cross beam I, the 2 longitudinal beams I are parallel and vertical to the cross beam I, the 2 longitudinal beams I and the cross beam I are positioned in the same plane, and U-shaped openings of the 2 longitudinal beams I face to the same direction vertical to the plane where the longitudinal beam I and the cross beam I are positioned; one end of each of the 2 longitudinal beams I, which is connected through the cross beam I, is provided with 1 driving lug, the 2 driving lugs face the direction far away from the longitudinal beam I, and the 2 driving lugs are provided with round holes, the axes of the round holes on the 2 driving lugs are coaxial, and the axes of the round holes are perpendicular to the length direction of the longitudinal beam I; 2 lugs I are arranged on the side face, opposite to the direction of the U-shaped opening of the longitudinal beam I, of the middle of the cross beam I, and the plate surface of each lug I is perpendicular to the length direction of the cross beam I; the other ends of the 2 longitudinal beams I are fixedly connected through another 1 cross beam I, 2 straight rod-shaped supporting legs are fixed on the side face, away from the driving lug, of the middle of the cross beam I away from the driving lug, and the 2 supporting legs are parallel to each other and are positioned in the same plane with the 2 cross beams I; the 2 driving motors are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the 2 driving lugs, namely the 2 driving motors are positioned between the 2 driving lugs; the output shafts of 2 driving motors respectively penetrate through the extending ends of the round holes of 2 driving lugs, 1 driving wheel is arranged at each extending end, shafts at two ends of 2 driven wheels are respectively supported on the U-shaped side plates at one ends of 2 longitudinal beams I far away from the driving lugs, the axes of the 2 driven wheels are coaxial, the axes of the driven wheels are parallel to the axes of the driving wheels, and 2 endless tracks are respectively hung on the driving wheels and the driven wheels at two ends of the same longitudinal beam I; the cylinder body of pneumatic cylinder articulates between 2 lugs I that are fixed in I middle part of crossbeam, and the chassis is arranged in subaerially through the lateral surface of 2 tracks, and 2 longerons I's U-shaped opening down. The middle parts of 2 longitudinal beams II of the rack are fixedly connected through a cross beam II and a cross beam III, the 2 longitudinal beams II are parallel to each other, are positioned in the same plane with the cross beam II and are not positioned in the same plane with the cross beam III, the cross beam II and the cross beam III are both vertical to the longitudinal beams II, the side surface of the cross beam III close to the longitudinal beams II is attached to the side surface of the longitudinal beams II close to the cross beam III, one end of each longitudinal beam II, far away from the cross beam II, is fixedly connected through a cross beam IV, and the length of the cross beam IV is larger than the distance between the outer side surfaces of the 2 longitudinal beams II; one end of 2 upright posts I is fixed in the middle of the cross beam II, the 2 upright posts I are perpendicular to the plane of the cross beam II and the plane of the 2 longitudinal beams II and are symmetrically arranged relative to the cross section passing through the center of the length direction of the cross beam II, and the 2 upright posts I are positioned on one side of the longitudinal beam II, which is not fixed with the cross beam III; one end of 2 upright posts II is fixed in the middle of the cross beam III, the extending direction of the 2 upright posts II is the same as that of the 2 upright posts I, the end part of the 2 upright posts II, far away from the cross beam III, and the end part of the 2 upright posts I, far away from the cross beam II are positioned in the same plane, and the 2 upright posts II fixed on the cross beam III are respectively positioned in the same plane with the upright posts I fixed on the same side of the cross beam II; 2U-shaped lugs I are respectively fixed on the outer side surfaces of 2 longitudinal beams II, U-shaped openings of the U-shaped lugs I face the extending direction of the stand columns I, round holes are formed in the U-shaped side plates of the U-shaped lugs I, all round hole axes on the U-shaped side plates of the U-shaped lugs I on the same side of each longitudinal beam II are coaxial, and the round hole axes are parallel to the longitudinal beam II; 1 support plate is respectively fixed in the middle of each of 2 longitudinal beams II towards the direction opposite to the extending direction of the upright post I, the support plates are positioned between the cross beam II and the cross beam III and close to the cross beam III in the length direction of the longitudinal beams II, 1 cross beam V is fixed between the 2 support plates and close to the longitudinal beams II, and the plane of the cross beam V far away from the longitudinal beams II is superposed with the plane of the cross beam III far away from the longitudinal beams II; the frame is installed in the I middle part of 2 crossbeams of the drive frame on chassis through 2 stands I and 2 stands II, and 2 stands I are located being close to drive motor one side on chassis, and through II length direction centers of crossbeam cross sections with through I length direction centers of crossbeam cross sections coincidence on chassis. An internal combustion engine of the power system is arranged on 2 supporting legs of a driving frame of a chassis, one side of the internal combustion engine close to a driving motor of the chassis is provided with a connecting pipe, and the end part of the connecting pipe far away from the internal combustion engine is provided with a hydraulic pump; the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is connected with the input shaft of the hydraulic pump through a coupler, and the oil tank is arranged on the cross beam III and the cross beam V of which the two ends are fixed on the 2 supporting plates. One side of a control box body of the control system is arranged on a longitudinal beam II of the rack through a control box support plate, the other side of the control box body is arranged on a support plate which is fixed on the same 1 longitudinal beam II of the rack, and a hydraulic valve block and a control handle are arranged in the control box body; guard plates are arranged above the frame and the power system. The seat for operating the seat is clamped in the middle of the cross rod through the seat clamp, 1 pedal frame is respectively arranged on two sides of the seat of the cross rod, and the extending direction of the pedal frames is opposite to the extending direction of the seat; one end of each cross rod of 2 pieces of seat and 2 pieces of pedal frame is hinged on 2 pieces of U-shaped lugs I fixed on the outer side of the same longitudinal beam II of the frame, the seat is upward, and the end of each pedal frame of 4 pieces far away from the cross rod is provided with 1 piece of pedal; one end of a cross rod of 2 pieces of pedal frames and 1 piece of seats are hinged on 2 pieces of U-shaped lugs I which are fixed on the outer side of another 1 piece of longitudinal beam II of the frame, the seats face upwards, and the other 1 piece of pedals are arranged at the end parts of 4 pieces of pedal frames far away from the cross rod. The separation riser of the support of sorting frame of sorting device is "J" shape, and each edge of separation riser all bends into the right angle towards same direction, and 2 separation risers link together through 2 pull rods, and the direction of bending outwards, and the face of 2 separation risers is parallel to each other, and is the straightway and the tail end of "J" shape and all aligns of "J" shape. One side edge of 1 mounting plate of the driving device is fixed on the J-shaped straight line section of 1 separating vertical plate and faces one side edge of the J-shaped tail end, 1 motor is mounted on one side plate surface of the mounting plate and located between 2 separating vertical plates, and the extending end of the shaft of the motor after passing through the mounting plate is provided with a driving chain wheel; the quincuncial wheel consists of a plurality of transverse shifting teeth and a hub, the end parts of two ends of a driving shaft which is respectively provided with 1 quincuncial wheel after penetrating through the quincuncial wheel are supported at the end part of a J-shaped straight section of a separating vertical plate, which is far away from the tail end of the J-shaped straight section, the extending end of one end of a mounting plate after penetrating through the separating vertical plate is provided with a driven chain wheel, the driven chain wheel and a driving chain wheel arranged on a motor shaft are positioned in the same plane, and a chain is hung on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel; the outer side of the separation vertical plate on one side of the chain is provided with a protective cover close to the chain, 1 carrier roller I is respectively arranged on the inner side plate surface of the J-shaped straight section of 2 separation vertical plates and close to the tail end of the J-shaped straight section, a plurality of carrier rollers II are respectively arranged on the inner side plate surface of the 2 separation vertical plates, and 1 vibrating wheel in a 6-edge shape is respectively arranged on the inner side plate surface of the J-shaped tail end of the 2 separation vertical plates. The assembled sorting frame is arranged on 2 longitudinal beams II and 2 supporting plates of a frame of an advancing system through bending of the edge of a separating vertical plate of a support, and the J-shaped tail end of the separating vertical plate faces the advancing direction of the potato harvester and is downward in the hook direction of the J-shaped tail end of the separating vertical plate. The sorting rod of the sorting screen is in a straight rod shape, one end of the sorting rod is bent and then bent into a straight rod again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, and the bent straight rod is parallel to the rod body part of the sorting rod; after the other end of the sorting rod is bent, the other end of the sorting rod is bent again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction to form a straight rod, and the bent straight rod is coaxial with the straight rod bent at the other end of the sorting rod; the annular belt made of elastic materials is in a ring shape, a plurality of groups of sorting rods in each group are uniformly fixed on the outer sides of 2 annular belts through straight rods at two ends, rod bodies of the sorting rods face the inner side of the annular belt, and the center distance of 2 sorting rods closest to the sorting rods in the adjacent 2 groups is equal to 2 times of the center distance of the adjacent 2 sorting rods in the sorting rods in each group; two ends of the stop levers with the same number as the sorting levers are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the 2 annular belts, and each stop lever is respectively positioned between every two adjacent 2 groups of sorting levers. One end of a pre-sorting vertical plate of a pre-sorting frame of the row digging and pre-sorting device is in a sharp-angled shape, and the middle part of the other end far away from the sharp-angled shape is provided with a pin shaft; the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are close to the pin shaft and are fixedly connected with one side of the pin shaft, which is close to the sharp-angle shape, through a cross beam VI, and the plate surfaces of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates are parallel to each other and the sharp angles are aligned; one end of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates in a sharp-angled shape is fixedly connected through a connecting rod, and 2 sections of U-shaped side rods of the U-shaped rods are respectively fixed at the edge of one side of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates, which is close to the connecting rod; 2 lugs II are fixed at the U-shaped bottom of the U-shaped rod, face away from the pre-sorting vertical plate and are parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate; the middle part of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates is fixed with a U-shaped rod, one side edge of each of the two pre-sorting vertical plates is fixed with 1 lug III, the plate surfaces of the lugs III are parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate, the middle part of the cross beam VI is fixed with 2 lugs IV towards the direction far away from the U-shaped rod, and the plate surfaces of the lugs IV are parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate; 2 divide in advance to sort the riser and be close to the tip that is the closed angle shape and respectively be equipped with 1 bearing roller I, the connecting rod both ends are close to sort riser department in advance and respectively are equipped with 1 mud scraper, and the mud scraper is towards the direction of bearing roller I, respectively are equipped with many bearing rollers II on the inboard face of 2 separation risers, respectively are equipped with 1 vibrating pulley on the inboard face at 2 vertical sorting plate middle parts in advance. One end of the assembled sorting screen is hung on 2 plum blossom wheels of a driving device arranged on the sorting frame, and the other end of the assembled sorting screen is hung on 2 carrier rollers I arranged on a pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame; the inner annular surface of the annular belt of the upper sorting screen section is supported on 2 carrier rollers I and 2 vibrating wheels arranged on the separating vertical plate of the sorting frame and 2 vibrating wheels arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, and is also supported on the separating vertical plate arranged on the sorting frame and a part of carrier rollers II arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame, and the outer annular surface of the annular belt of the lower sorting screen section is supported on other carrier rollers II. Two ends of a digging shovel of the digging device are respectively provided with 1 triangular plate, the edge of the other side of the digging shovel, which is far away from the cutting edge, is uniformly provided with a plurality of guide rods along the length direction of the digging shovel, the length direction of each guide rod is vertical to the length direction of the digging shovel, and the plane of each guide rod is superposed with the plate surface of the digging shovel; the digging device is arranged between the sharp-angled end parts of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates of the pre-sorting frame through triangular plates at two ends, and the cutting edge of the digging shovel faces to the direction far away from the cross beam VI. 2 lugs V are fixed on one side surface of the bottom of a U-shaped groove of a U-shaped frame of a cutting assembly of the row aligning device, and the plate surface of each lug V is parallel to a U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped frame; the 2U-shaped lugs II are respectively fixed at the end parts of 2U-shaped side arms of the U-shaped frame through the outer surfaces of the bottoms of the U-shaped grooves of the U-shaped lugs II, and the plate surfaces of the U-shaped lugs II are parallel to the plate surface of the lug V; one end of each of 2 support rods is respectively fixed at the inner side of the joint of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and the U-shaped side arm, the 2 support rods are vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame, the plane of the 2 support rods is parallel to the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame, and the 2 support rods are symmetrically arranged relative to the U-shaped frame through the symmetrical plane of the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame; the other end inboard of 2 bracing pieces all is equipped with the dish that cuts off that is "shallow dish" shape, and 2 the dish mouth that cuts off the dish all outwards, 2 cut off the dish and put up the U-shaped groove bottom center through the U-shaped frame for the U-shaped, with the U-shaped plane looks vertically symmetrical plane symmetrical arrangement of U-shaped frame, and 2 the distance that cuts off between the dish mouth edge of dish is "big near bracing piece and the stiff end one side of U-shaped frame, keep away from the bracing piece and the stiff end one side little" tilt state along the length direction of bracing piece length direction. The shorter-length rod of the L-shaped rods of the opposite assemblies is provided with a plurality of transverse holes, and 2L-shaped rods are respectively inserted into two ends of the hexagonal pipe through the shorter-length rods and are locked through 2 lock pins; 2 rods with longer L-shaped rods are positioned in the same plane, namely a combination body formed by 1 six square tubes and 2L-shaped rods is in a U shape and is fixed on the outer side surface of the bottom of a U-shaped groove of a U-shaped frame of the cutting assembly through the outer side surface of the six square tubes; the U-shaped assembly formed by 1 six square tubes and 2L-shaped rods is superposed with the symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame which passes through the center of the U-shaped frame and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly, wherein the symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame which passes through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame; the obtuse angle formed by the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame is 120 degrees +/-10 degrees, and the 2L-shaped rods are positioned on one side of the cutting disc relative to the U-shaped frame; the tail ends of the 2L-shaped rods far away from the six square tubes are respectively provided with 1 contra-running wheel with the outer edge wrapped with elastic materials, the 2 contra-running wheels are symmetrically arranged relative to the U-shaped combination body formed by the 1 six square tubes and the 2L-shaped rods through the symmetrical plane which is arranged at the center of the length direction of the six square tubes of the U-shaped combination body and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination body, and the distance between the edges of the 2 counter wheels is in an inclined state of 'large side close to the hexagonal tube and small side far away from the hexagonal tube' in the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination body along the length direction vertical to the hexagonal tube, the direction of the U-shaped plane vertical to the U-shaped assembly and the length direction vertical to the hexagonal tube are in an inclined state of small side close to the cutting disc and large side far away from the cutting disc, so that the 2 opposite wheels are just pressed on two sides of the potato ridges to realize opposite operation. A shaft shoulder is arranged in the middle of an adjusting rod of the adjusting assembly, an external thread is arranged at one end of the adjusting rod, the end of the adjusting rod provided with the external thread is screwed into a transverse screw hole in the middle of an adjusting pin, two ends of the adjusting pin are supported on 2 lugs V of the cutting assembly, and the end of the adjusting rod provided with the external thread faces to one side of a U-shaped lug II far away from the cutting assembly; the external thread end of the adjusting rod penetrates through the extending end of the adjusting pin and is locked through the locking nut, then an adjusting hand wheel is fixed, and the other end, far away from the external thread, of the adjusting rod is inserted into the supporting pipe hole. The combined body of the cutting component and the line aligning component of the line aligning device is hinged on 2 lugs III of the pre-sorting frame through 2U-shaped lugs II of the cutting component, the tail end, far away from the adjusting pin, of the adjusting component supporting pipe of the line aligning device is hinged between the 2 lugs II of the pre-sorting frame, and the cutting disc and the line aligning wheel of the line aligning device are positioned on one side close to the digging device. The assembled opposite-row excavating and pre-sorting device is hinged to the J-shaped tail end of 2 separating vertical plates of a support of a sorting frame through a pin shaft at the middle part of one end, far away from the sharp-angled shape, of 2 pre-sorting vertical plates of the pre-sorting frame, a lug IV fixed at the middle part of a cross beam VI of the pre-sorting frame and a motor installed on a J-shaped straight line section of the separating vertical plate of the support of the sorting frame are located on the same side, and a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder installed on a chassis of a traveling system is hinged between the 2 lugs IV fixed at the middle part of the cross beam VI of the pre-sorting frame.

The working principle is as follows: starting an internal combustion engine of a power system of the traveling system, and driving a hydraulic pump to operate through a coupling. A control handle of a control system of the traveling system is used for controlling a hydraulic valve block in the control box to act, so that a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder installed on a chassis of the traveling system is driven to extend out, and the opposite-row digging and pre-sorting device and a part of sorting screen hung on the pre-sorting frame are lifted.

The hydraulic valve block is controlled by the control handle to act, hydraulic oil with sufficient pressure and flow output by the hydraulic pump can drive the driving motors on the two sides of the chassis to operate, and then the chassis and even the whole potato harvester are driven to operate by the tracks on the two sides. The position of the hydraulic valve block can be changed through the control handle, and then the hydraulic flow transmitted to the driving motors on the two sides by the hydraulic pump is changed, so that the potato harvester can move forwards, backwards or turn.

When the potato harvester moves to the ground of an operation area and the position of the potato harvester is adjusted, the hydraulic valve block is controlled through the control handle to act, the motor of the driving device arranged on the sorting frame of the sorting device is started to operate, and the driving chain wheel and the chain drive the driven chain wheel and the plum blossom wheel and further drive the sorting sieve to operate through the driving shaft. The bearing of the sorting screen is arranged on the sorting frame of the sorting device and runs in the process of the carrier roller I and the carrier roller II on the pre-sorting frame of the pre-sorting device, and the bearing of the sorting screen drives the 2 vibrating wheels arranged on the sorting frame of the sorting device and the pre-sorting frame of the pre-sorting device to rotate, so that the high-frequency low-amplitude shaking of the upper section of the sorting screen is realized.

The control handle controls the hydraulic valve block to act, an oil return channel of a hydraulic cylinder arranged on a chassis of the traveling system is opened, a cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder retracts, and therefore the opposite-row digging and pre-sorting device and the part sorting screen hung on the pre-sorting frame are lowered to the operation position. Then, the control handle is used for controlling the driving motor to operate, and further driving the potato harvester to perform harvesting operation.

In the harvesting operation process, the hydraulic valve block is controlled to be in a floating position through a control handle of a control system of the traveling system, 2 diagonal wheels which are arranged on 2L-shaped rods of a diagonal assembly of a diagonal device of the diagonal digging and pre-sorting device and are obliquely arranged are just pressed on two sides of a potato ridge, the diagonal operation is realized due to the pressure action between the diagonal wheels and the potato ridge, and the digging shovel of the digging device of the diagonal digging and pre-sorting device and the whole potato harvester are guided to move forwards along the potato ridge correctly. In addition, 2 cutting disks which are arranged on the cutting components of the row aligning device of the row aligning digging and pre-sorting device and are obliquely arranged roll along the two sides of the bottom of the potato ridges so as to prevent potatoes in the potato soil mixture from rolling to furrows on the two sides; meanwhile, the cutting disc can cut off weeds and seedling vines which are not killed and are laid on the potato ridges, so that digging and separation of potato soil, potato seedlings and potato impurities are facilitated. The locking nut of the adjusting component of the line aligning device of the line aligning digging and pre-sorting device is loosened, the adjusting hand wheel is rotated to change the relative position between the adjusting rod and the adjusting pin, and further change the position of the cutting disc relative to the line aligning wheel, so that the purposes of adjusting the cutting depth of the cutting disc and the relative pressure between the line aligning wheel and the potato ridge are achieved, and the potatoes are prevented from being damaged.

After the potato soil mixture excavated by the excavating shovel of the excavating device is conveyed to the upper section of the sorting sieve close to one end of the excavating shovel, the potato soil is separated as the soil gradually passes through gaps among the sorting rods of the sorting sieve, namely, the pre-sorting on the pre-sorting frame and the sorting task on the sorting frame are gradually completed along with the operation of the sorting sieve towards one end close to the plum blossom wheel; in addition, the high-frequency low-amplitude shaking of the upper section of the sorting screen accelerates the potato-soil separation process due to the passive rolling of 2 vibration wheels arranged on the separating vertical plate of the sorting frame and the pre-sorting vertical plate of the pre-sorting frame. Because the letter sorting sieve is the low, the high tilt state of plum blossom wheel one end of being close to excavating gear one end, consequently installs the pin that can effectively restrict the backward flow of potato between every group letter sorting pole. The potatoes after the potato soil separation leave the sorting sieve through one end of the sorting sieve close to the plum blossom wheel, and then subsequent boxing or bagging is carried out.

When the harvesting operation reaches the ground, the hydraulic valve block is controlled by a control handle of a control system of the traveling system, and the opposite-row digging and pre-sorting device and the partial sorting sieve hung on the pre-sorting frame are lifted by the hydraulic cylinder. And after turning and adjusting the operation position, repeating the operation process again.

Compared with the current state of the art, the crawler self-propelled type all-weather operation platform has the advantages that due to the adoption of the crawler self-propelled type structure, the turning radius is small, the operation flexibility is good, the limitation of weather and soil conditions is avoided, and all-weather operation can be realized; the row aligning wheels which are pressed on two sides of the potato ridges and are obliquely arranged are arranged to perform row aligning operation, so that the row aligning digging and pre-sorting device and the whole potato harvester can be guided to correctly move along the potato ridges, and the phenomenon of cutting the potatoes is effectively avoided; because the adjusting device for the relative position between the cutting disc and the row aligning wheel is arranged, the relation between the cutting depth of the cutting disc and the pressure of the row aligning wheel relative to the potato ridges can be adjusted in real time, and the phenomenon of potato damage is further avoided; due to the fact that the cutting disks which roll along the two sides of the bottom of the potato ridges and are obliquely arranged are arranged, potatoes in the potato soil mixture can be effectively prevented from rolling to furrows on the two sides, meanwhile, weeds and seedling vines which are laid on the potato ridges can be cut off, and the follow-up digging and the implementation of the separation process of the potato soil, the potato vines and the potato impurities are facilitated; due to the arrangement of the vibrating wheel, the upper section of the sorting screen generates high-frequency low-amplitude vibration in the operation process, so that the potato-soil separation process is accelerated, and the operation efficiency is effectively improved; due to the fact that the stop lever is arranged on the sorting sieve, the backflow phenomenon of the potatoes in the process of moving obliquely upwards along with the sorting sieve is effectively prevented, and the peeling rate of the potatoes is greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the invention in another orientation than that shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the implementation routine of FIG. 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the chassis of the embodiment of FIG. 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the drive carriage of the embodiment of FIG. 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the holster of the embodiment of FIG. 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of the power system of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the control system of the embodiment of FIG. 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an isometric view of the example operating seat of FIG. 3 of the present invention;

fig. 10 is an isometric view of the sorting apparatus of the embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 1;

FIG. 11 is an isometric view of the sorting rack of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is an isometric view of the stent of the embodiment of FIG. 11 of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the drive assembly of the embodiment of FIG. 11 of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is an isometric view of the sorting screen of the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 15 is an isometric view of a sorting bar according to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is an isometric view of the row digging and pre-sorting apparatus of the embodiment of FIG. 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is an isometric view of the pre-sort rack embodiment of FIG. 16 of the present invention;

figure 18 is an isometric view of the digging implement of the embodiment of the present invention shown in figure 16;

FIG. 19 is an isometric view of the row unit of the embodiment of FIG. 16 of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is an isometric view of the severing assembly of the embodiment of FIG. 19 of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is an isometric view of the row assembly of the embodiment of FIG. 19 of the present invention;

fig. 22 is an isometric view of the adjustment assembly of the embodiment of fig. 19 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

1. Traveling system 11, chassis 111, driving frame 1111, longitudinal beam I1112, cross beam I1113, driving lug 1114, lug I1115, support leg 112, driving motor 113, driving wheel 114, driven wheel 115, crawler 116, hydraulic cylinder 12, frame 120, longitudinal beam II 121, cross beam II 122, cross beam III 123, cross beam IV 124, upright I125, upright II 126, U-shaped lug I127, support plate 128, cross beam V13, power system 131, internal combustion engine 132, connecting pipe 133, hydraulic pump 134, coupling 135, oil tank 14, control system 141, control box 142, control box support plate 143, hydraulic valve block 144, control handle 15, guard plate 16, operating seat 161, seat 162, seat clamp 163, cross rod 164, pedal frame 165, pedal 2, sorting device 21, sorting frame 211, support 2111, Detaching riser 2112, pull rod 212, drive 2121, mounting plate 2122, motor 2123, drive sprocket 2124, geneva wheel 2125, drive shaft 2126, driven sprocket 2127, chain 213, shroud 214, idler I215, idler II 216, vibratory wheel 22, sorting screen 221, sorting bar 2211, straight bar 222, endless belt 223, stop bar 3, row-in-row digging and pre-sorting apparatus 31, pre-sorting rack 311, pre-sorting riser 312, cross-beam VI 313, connecting bar 314, U-bar 315, lug II 316, lug III 317, IV lug 318, mud scraper 319, pin 32, digging apparatus 321, digging shovel 322, triangle 323, deflector bar 33, row-in-row apparatus 331, cutting assembly 3311, U-rack 2, lug V-3, U-bar II 3314, support bar 3315, cutting plate 332, row-in-row assembly 3321, L-bar 3322, guide bar 3314, row-in-row-line apparatus 331, cutting assembly 3311, U-bar II 3313, U-bar 3314, support bar 3315, cutting plate 332, row-bar 3321, row-bar 3322, and so on-line, A hexagonal tube 3323, a lock pin 3324, a traveling wheel 333, an adjusting component 3331, an adjusting rod 3332, an adjusting pin 3333, a lock nut 3334, an adjusting hand wheel 3335 and a support tube.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1-22: the cross section of a longitudinal beam I1111 of a driving frame 111 of a chassis 11 of the traveling system 1 is U-shaped, one end of 2 longitudinal beams I1111 is fixedly connected through a cross beam I1112, 2 longitudinal beams I1111 are parallel and vertical to the cross beam I1112, 2 longitudinal beams I1111 and the cross beam I1112 are positioned in the same plane, and U-shaped openings of 2 longitudinal beams I1111 face to the same direction vertical to the plane of the longitudinal beams I1111 and the plane of the cross beam I1112; one end of each of the 2 longitudinal beams I1111, which is connected through the cross beam I1112, is provided with 1 driving lug 1113, the 2 driving lugs 1113 face the direction far away from the longitudinal beam I1111, the 2 driving lugs 1113 are provided with round holes, the axes of the round holes on the 2 driving lugs 1113 are coaxial, and the axes of the round holes are vertical to the length direction of the longitudinal beam I1111; 2 lugs I1114 are arranged on the side face, opposite to the U-shaped opening direction of the longitudinal beam I1111, of the middle of the cross beam I1112, and the plate surface of each lug I1114 is perpendicular to the length direction of the cross beam I1112; the other ends of the 2 longitudinal beams I1111 are fixedly connected through another 1 cross beam I1112, 2 straight rod-shaped support legs 1115 are fixed on the side face of the middle part of the cross beam I1112 far away from the driving lug 1113, and the 2 support legs 1115 are parallel and are positioned in the same plane with the 2 cross beams I1112; the 2-piece driving motors 112 are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the 2-piece driving lugs 1113, namely, the 2-piece driving motors 112 are positioned between the 2-piece driving lugs 1113; the output shaft of the 2-piece driving motor 112 penetrates through the round holes of the 2-piece driving lugs 1113 respectively, the extending ends of the 2-piece driving motor 112 are provided with 1 driving wheel 113, the shafts at the two ends of the 2-piece driven wheel 114 are supported on the U-shaped side plate at one end of the 2-piece longitudinal beam I1111 far away from the driving lug 1113 respectively, the axis of the 2-piece driven wheel 114 is coaxial, the axis of the driven wheel 114 is parallel to the axis of the driving wheel 113, and the 2-piece annular crawler belt 115 is hung on the driving wheel 113 and the driven wheel 114 at the two ends of the same longitudinal beam I1111 respectively; the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 116 is hinged between 2 lugs I1114 fixed in the middle of a cross beam I1112, the chassis 11 is placed on the ground through the outer side of the 2 crawler tracks 115, and the U-shaped opening of the 2 longitudinal beams I1111 faces downwards. The middle parts of 2 longitudinal beams II 120 of the rack 12 are fixedly connected with a cross beam III 122 through a cross beam II 121, the 2 longitudinal beams II 120 are parallel, are positioned in the same plane with the cross beam II 121 and are not positioned in the same plane with the cross beam III 122, the cross beam II 121 and the cross beam III 122 are both vertical to the longitudinal beams II 120, the side surface of the cross beam III 122 close to the longitudinal beams II 120 is attached to the side surface of the longitudinal beams II 120 close to the cross beam III 122, one end of the longitudinal beams II 120 far away from the cross beam II 121 is fixedly connected through a cross beam IV 123, and the length of the cross beam IV 123 is larger than the distance between the outer side surfaces of the 2 longitudinal beams II 120; one end of 2 upright posts I124 is fixed in the middle of the cross beam II 121, the 2 upright posts I124 are perpendicular to the plane of the cross beam II 121 and the 2 longitudinal beams II 120 and are symmetrically arranged relative to the cross section passing through the center of the length direction of the cross beam II 121, and the 2 upright posts I124 are positioned on one side of the unfixed cross beam III 122 of the longitudinal beams II 120; one end of 2 upright posts II 125 is fixed in the middle of the cross beam III 122, the extending direction of the 2 upright posts II 125 is the same as that of the 2 upright posts I124, the end part of the 2 upright posts II 125 far away from the cross beam III 122 and the end part of the 2 upright posts I124 far away from the cross beam II 121 are positioned in the same plane, and the 2 upright posts II 125 fixed on the cross beam III 122 are respectively positioned in the same plane with the upright posts I124 fixed on the same side of the cross beam II 121; the outer side surfaces of the 2 longitudinal beams II 120 are respectively fixed with 2U-shaped lugs I126, U-shaped openings of the U-shaped lugs I126 face the extending direction of the upright posts I124, round holes are formed in the U-shaped side plates of the U-shaped lugs I126, all round hole axes on the U-shaped side plates of the U-shaped lugs I126 on the same side of the longitudinal beams II 120 are coaxial, and the round hole axes are parallel to the longitudinal beams II 120; 1 support plate 127 is respectively fixed in the middle of each of the 2 longitudinal beams II 120 in the direction opposite to the extending direction of the upright I124, the support plates 127 are positioned between the cross beam II 121 and the cross beam III 122 and close to the cross beam III 122 in the length direction of the longitudinal beam II 120, 1 cross beam V128 is fixed between the 2 support plates 127 and close to the longitudinal beam II 120, and the plane of the cross beam V128 far away from the longitudinal beam II 120 is superposed with the plane of the cross beam III 122 far away from the longitudinal beam II 120; the machine frame 12 is installed in the middle of a 2-piece cross beam I1112 of a driving frame 111 of the chassis 11 through a 2-piece upright I124 and a 2-piece upright II 125, wherein the 2-piece upright I124 is positioned on one side of the chassis 11 close to a driving motor 112, and the cross section passing through the length direction center of the cross beam II 121 is coincided with the cross section passing through the length direction center of the cross beam I1112 of the chassis 11. The internal combustion engine 131 of the power system 13 is arranged on the 2-piece supporting leg 1115 of the driving frame 111 of the chassis 11, one side of the internal combustion engine 131, which is close to the driving motor 112 of the chassis 11, is provided with a connecting pipe 132, and the end part of the connecting pipe 132, which is far away from the internal combustion engine 131, is provided with a hydraulic pump 133; the output shaft of the internal combustion engine 131 is connected to the input shaft of the hydraulic pump 133 through a coupling 134, and the oil tank 135 is mounted on the cross member iii 122 and the cross member v 128 fixed at both ends to the 2-piece support plate 127. One side of a control box body 141 of the control system 14 is arranged on a longitudinal beam II 120 of the frame 12 through a control box support plate 142, the other side of the control box body is arranged on a support plate 127 which is fixed on the same 1 longitudinal beam II 120 of the frame 12, and a hydraulic valve block 143 and a control handle 144 are arranged in the control box body 141; a guard board 15 is arranged above the frame 12 and the power system 13. The seat 161 for operating the seat 16 is clamped in the middle of the cross bar 163 through the seat clamp 162, 1 pedal frame 164 is respectively arranged on two sides of the seat 161 of the cross bar 163, and the extending direction of the pedal frame 164 is opposite to the extending direction of the seat 161; one end of a cross rod 163 of 2 pieces of

pedal frames

164 and 2 pieces of seats 161 is hinged on a U-shaped lug I126 of 2 pieces of longitudinal beams II 120 fixed on the same side of the frame 12, the seat 161 faces upwards, and the end of the pedal frame 164 of 4 pieces far away from the cross rod 163 is provided with 1 piece of pedal 165; the other 2 cross bars 163, each carrying 1

seat

161 and 2 pedal shelves 164, are hinged at one end to the 2U-shaped lugs i 126 fixed to the outside of the other 1 longitudinal beam ii 120 of the frame 12 with the seat 161 facing upwards and the other 1 pedal 165 is carried by the end of the 4 pedal shelves 164 remote from the cross bars 163. The separating vertical plates 2111 of the bracket 211 of the sorting frame 21 of the sorting device 2 are in a J shape, the edges of the separating vertical plates 2111 are bent into right angles towards the same direction, the 2 separating vertical plates 2111 are connected together through the 2 pull rods 2112, the bending direction is outward, the plate surfaces of the 2 separating vertical plates 2111 are parallel to each other, and the J-shaped straight line segment and the J-shaped tail end are aligned. One side edge of the 1-piece mounting plate 2121 of the driving device 212 is fixed on one side edge of the "J" straight section of the 1-piece separating vertical plate 2111 and faces to the tail end of the "J", the 1-piece motor 2122 is mounted on one side plate surface of the mounting plate 2121, the motor 2122 is located between the 2-piece separating vertical plates 2111, and the extending end of the shaft of the motor 2122 passing through the mounting plate 2121 is provided with a driving sprocket 2123; the quincuncial wheel 2124 consists of a plurality of transverse shifting teeth and a wheel hub, the end parts of two ends of a driving shaft 2125, which is respectively provided with 1 quincuncial wheel 2124 at two ends, penetrates through the quincuncial wheel 2124 and is supported at the end part away from the J-shaped tail end of a J-shaped straight line section of a separating vertical plate 2111, a driven sprocket 2126 is arranged at the extending end, which penetrates through the separating vertical plate 2111 and faces one end of a mounting plate 2121, is positioned in the same plane with a driving sprocket 2123 arranged on a motor 2122 shaft, and a chain 2127 is hung on the driving sprocket 2123 and the driven sprocket 2126; a shield 213 is arranged at the position, close to the chain 2127, of the outer side of the separation vertical plate 2111 at one side of the chain 2127, 1 carrier roller i 214 is respectively arranged on the inner plate surface of the J-shaped straight line section of the 2 separation vertical plates 2111 and close to the tail end of the J-shaped straight line section, 6 carrier rollers ii 215 are respectively arranged on the inner plate surface of the 2 separation vertical plates 2111, and 1 vibrating wheel 216 in a 6-edge shape is respectively arranged on the inner plate surface of the J-shaped tail end of the 2 separation vertical plates 2111. The assembled sorting rack 21 is mounted on the 2 longitudinal beams ii 120 and the 2 supporting plates 127 of the frame 12 of the traveling system 1 by bending the edge of the separating vertical plate 2111 of the bracket 211, the tail end of the "J" shape of the separating vertical plate 2111 faces the advancing direction of the potato harvester, and the hook direction of the tail end of the "J" shape of the separating vertical plate 2111 faces downwards. The sorting rod 221 of the sorting screen 22 is in a straight rod shape, one end of the sorting rod 221 is bent, and then bent again to form a straight rod 2211 in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, and the bent straight rod 2211 is parallel to the rod body part of the sorting rod 221; after the other end of the sorting rod 221 is bent, the other end is bent again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction to form a straight rod 2211, and the bent straight rod 2211 is coaxial with the straight rod 2211 with the other end of the sorting rod 221 bent; the ring belt 222 made of elastic material is in a circular ring shape, a plurality of groups of sorting rods 221 with 6 pieces in each group are uniformly fixed outside the 2 ring belts 222 through straight bars 2211 at two ends, the rod body part of each sorting rod 221 faces to the inner side of the ring belt 222, and the center distance of the 2 sorting rods 221 closest to the adjacent sorting rods 221 in each group of sorting rods 221 is equal to 2 times of the center distance of the adjacent sorting rods 221 in each group of sorting rods 221; the stop levers 223, the number of which is the same as the number of the sorting levers 221, are fixed at both ends to the outside of the 2-piece endless belt 222, respectively, and each stop lever 223 is located between each adjacent 2-piece sorting lever 221. One end of a pre-sorting vertical plate 311 of a pre-sorting rack 31 of the row digging and pre-sorting device 3 is in a sharp-angled shape, and the middle part of the other end far away from the sharp-angled shape is provided with a pin 319; the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 are close to the pin roll 319, and are positioned on one side of the pin roll 319 close to the sharp-angle shape and fixedly connected through a cross beam VI 312, and the plate surfaces of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 are parallel to each other and the sharp angles are aligned; one end of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 in a sharp-angled shape is fixedly connected through a connecting rod 313, and 2 sections of U-shaped side rods of the U-shaped rods 314 are respectively fixed on the edge of one side of each of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 close to the connecting rod 313; 2 lugs II 315 are fixed at the U-shaped bottom of the U-shaped rod 314, the lugs II 315 face to the direction far away from the pre-sorting vertical plate 311, and the plate surface of the lugs II 315 is parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate 311; the edge of one side of the middle part of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311, which is fixed with the U-shaped rod 314, is respectively fixed with 1 lug III 316, the plate surface of the lug III 316 is parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate 311, the middle part of the cross beam VI 312 is fixed with 2 lugs IV 317 towards the direction far away from the U-shaped rod 314, and the plate surface of the lug IV 317 is parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate 311; the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 are respectively provided with 1 carrier roller I214 near the end part in the shape of a sharp corner, the two ends of the connecting rod 313 near the pre-sorting vertical plate 311 are respectively provided with 1 mud scraper 318, the mud scraper 318 faces the direction of the carrier roller I214, the inner side plate surfaces of the 2 separating vertical plates 2111 are respectively provided with 5 carrier rollers II 215, and the inner side plate surfaces in the middle of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 are respectively provided with 1 vibrating wheel 216. One end of the assembled sorting screen 22 is hung on 2 plum blossom wheels 2124 of the driving device 212 arranged on the sorting frame 21, and the other end is hung on 2 carrier rollers I214 arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31; the inner ring surface of the belt 222 at the upper section of the sorting screen 22 is supported by 2 rollers i 214 and 2 vibrating wheels 216 mounted on the separating vertical plate 2111 of the sorting frame 21 and 2 vibrating wheels 216 mounted on the pre-sorting vertical plate 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31, and is also supported by the separating vertical plate 2111 mounted on the sorting frame 21 and a part of rollers ii 215 mounted on the pre-sorting vertical plate 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31, and the outer ring surface of the belt 222 at the lower section of the sorting screen 22 is supported by the other rollers ii 215. The two ends of the digging shovel 321 of the digging device 32 are respectively provided with 1 triangular plate 322, the edge of the other side of the digging shovel 321, which is far away from the cutting edge, is uniformly provided with a plurality of guide rods 323 along the length direction of the digging shovel 321, the length direction of each guide rod 323 is vertical to the length direction of the digging shovel 321, and the plane of each guide rod 323 is superposed with the plate surface of the digging shovel 321; the digging device 32 is installed between the pointed ends of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31 by triangular plates 322 at both ends, and the cutting edge of the digging shovel 321 faces away from the cross beam VI 312. 2 lugs V3312 are fixed on one side of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame 3311 of the cutting component 331 of the row device 33, and the plate surface of the lug V3312 is parallel to the U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped frame 3311; the 2U-shaped lugs II 3313 are fixed on the end parts of 2U-shaped side arms of the U-shaped frame 3311 through the outer surface of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped lug II 3313, and the plate surface of the U-shaped lug II 3313 is parallel to the plate surface of the lug V3312; one end of each of the 2 support rods 3314 is fixed to the inner side of the joint of the U-shaped groove bottom and the U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped holder 3311, the 2 support rods 3314 are perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped holder 3311, the plane of the 2 support rods 3314 is parallel to the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped holder 3311, and the 2 support rods 3314 are symmetrically arranged relative to the U-shaped holder 3311 through the symmetrical plane of the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped holder 3311 and perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped holder 3311; the inner sides of the other ends of the 2 support rods 3314 are respectively provided with a cutting disc 3315 in a shape of a ' shallow disc ', the disc openings of the 2 cutting discs 3315 face the outer sides, the 2 cutting discs 3315 are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame 3311 passing through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame 3311 and perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame 3311, and the distance between the edges of the disc openings of the 2 cutting discs 3315 is in an inclined state of ' being close to the side of the fixed ends of the support rods 3314 and the U-shaped frame 3311 and being larger and far away from the side of the fixed ends of the support rods 3314 and the U-shaped frame 3311 ' in the length direction of the support rods 3314 '. The L-shaped rod 3321 of the opposite-row component 332 is provided with a plurality of transverse holes on the rod with the shorter length, and 2L-shaped rods 3321 are respectively inserted into two ends of the hexagonal tube 3322 through the rods with the shorter length and are locked through 2 lock pins 3323; the long rod of 2 pieces of L-shaped rods 3321 is located in the same plane, that is, the combination of 1 piece of hexagonal tube 3322 and 2 pieces of L-shaped rods 3321 is U-shaped and fixed to the outer side surface of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped holder 3311 of the cutting unit 331 through the outer side surface of the hexagonal tube 3322; a U-shaped assembly formed by 1 hexagonal tube 3322 and 2L-shaped rods 3321 is superposed on a symmetrical plane which passes through the center of the hexagonal tube 3322 of the U-shaped assembly in the length direction and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly, and a symmetrical plane which passes through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped bracket 3311 and is vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped bracket 3311 of the U-shaped assembly; the obtuse angle formed by the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination and the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped holder 3311 is 120 degrees +/-10 degrees, and the 2L-shaped rods 3321 are positioned on the side where the cutting disc 3315 is positioned relative to the U-shaped holder 3311; the longer length of the 2 pieces of L-shaped rods 3321, the ends of the rods far away from the hexagonal tubes 3322 are respectively provided with 1 piece of counter wheels 3324 with the outer edges coated with elastic materials, the 2 pieces of counter wheels 3324 are symmetrically arranged relative to the U-shaped combination formed by the 1 piece of hexagonal tubes 3322 and the 2 pieces of L-shaped rods 3321 through the symmetrical plane which is perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped combination and is formed by the center of the length direction of the hexagonal tubes 3322 of the U-shaped combination, and the distance between the edges of the 2 row wheels 3324 is in an inclined state of "the side close to the hexagonal tube 3322 is large and the side far from the hexagonal tube 3322 is small" in the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly along the direction perpendicular to the length direction of the hexagonal tube 3322, the inclined state of small side close to the cutting disc 3315 and large side far from the cutting disc 3315 is formed along the length direction vertical to the hexagonal tube 3322 in the direction vertical to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly, so that the 2 pieces of row aligning wheels are just pressed on the two sides of the potato ridges to realize row aligning operation. A shaft shoulder is arranged in the middle of an adjusting rod 3331 of the adjusting component 333, an external thread is arranged at one end of the adjusting rod 3331, the end provided with the external thread of the adjusting rod 3331 is screwed into a transverse screw hole in the middle of an adjusting pin 3332, two ends of the adjusting pin 3332 are supported on 2 lugs V3312 of the cutting component 331, and the end provided with the external thread of the adjusting rod 3331 faces to the side of a U-shaped lug II 3313 far away from the cutting component 331; the external threaded end of the adjustment rod 3331 is passed through the extended end of the adjustment pin 3332 and locked by a locking nut 3333, and then an adjustment hand wheel 3334 is fixed, and the other end of the adjustment rod 3331, which is far from the external threads, is inserted into a hole of the support tube 3335. The combination of the severing member 331 and the line aligning member 332 of the line aligning device 33 is hinged to the 2-piece lug iii 316 of the pre-sorting rack 31 by means of the 2-piece U-shaped lug ii 3313 of the severing member 331, the end of the support tube 3333 of the adjusting member 333 of the line aligning device 33 remote from the adjusting pin 3332 is hinged between the 2-piece lug ii 315 of the pre-sorting rack 31, and the severing plate 3315 and the line aligning wheel 3324 of the line aligning device 33 are located on the side close to the digging device 32. The assembled row-aligning excavating and pre-sorting device 3 is hinged at the tail end of the J shape of the 2 separating vertical plates 2111 of the bracket 211 of the sorting frame 21 through a pin 319 at the middle part of one end, far away from the sharp-angled shape, of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates 311 of the pre-sorting frame 31, a lug IV 317 fixed at the middle part of a cross beam VI 312 of the pre-sorting frame 31 is positioned at the same side as a motor 2122 arranged on a straight line section of the J shape of the separating vertical plate 2111 of the bracket 211 of the sorting frame 21, and a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder 116 arranged on a chassis 11 of the traveling system 1 is hinged between the 2 lug IV fixed at the middle part of the cross beam VI 312 of the pre-sorting frame 31.

Claims

1. Light simple type track self-propelled potato harvester excavates and divides sorting device (3) in advance including advancing system (1), sorting device (2) and to the row, its characterized in that: the traveling system (1) comprises a chassis (11), a rack (12), a power system (13), a control system (14), a guard plate (15) and an operation seat (16), wherein the chassis (11) comprises a driving frame (111), a driving motor (112), a driving wheel (113), a driven wheel (114), a crawler belt (115) and a hydraulic cylinder (116), the driving frame (111) comprises a longitudinal beam I (1111), a cross beam I (1112), a driving lug (1113), a lug I (1114) and a supporting leg (1115), the cross section of the longitudinal beam I (1111) is U-shaped, one end of each of 2 longitudinal beams I (1111) is fixedly connected through the cross beam I (1112), the 2 longitudinal beams I (1111) are parallel and perpendicular to the cross beam I (1112), the 2 longitudinal beams I (1111) and the cross beam I (1112) are located in the same plane, and the U-shaped openings of the 2 longitudinal beams I (1111) face the same direction perpendicular to the planes of the longitudinal beams I (1111) and the cross beam I (1112), one end of each of 2 longitudinal beams I (1111) connected through a cross beam I (1112) is provided with 1 driving lug (1113), the 2 driving lugs (1113) face to the direction far away from the longitudinal beam I (1111), 2 driving lugs (1113) are provided with round holes, the round hole axes on the 2 driving lugs (1113) are coaxial, and the round hole axes are vertical to the length direction of the longitudinal beam I (1111), the side surface of the middle part of the cross beam I (1112) opposite to the U-shaped opening direction of the longitudinal beam I (1111) is provided with 2 lugs I (1114), the plate surface of the lug I (1114) is vertical to the length direction of the cross beam I (1112), the other ends of the 2 longitudinal beams I (1111) are fixedly connected through another 1 cross beam I (1112), the side surface of the middle part of the cross beam I (1112) far away from the driving lugs (1113) is fixedly provided with 2 supporting legs (1115) in a straight rod shape, the two supporting legs (1115) are parallel, And the two driving motors (112) are respectively arranged on the inner side surfaces of the 2 driving lugs (1113), namely the 2 driving motors (112) are positioned between the 2 driving lugs (1113), the extending ends of the output shafts of the 2 driving motors (112) respectively penetrating through the round holes of the 2 driving lugs (1113) are respectively provided with 1 driving wheel (113), the shafts at the two ends of the 2 driven wheels (114) are respectively supported on the U-shaped side plates at one end of the 2 longitudinal beams I (1111) far away from the driving lugs (1113), the 2 annular caterpillar tracks (115) are respectively hung on the driving wheel (113) and the driven wheel (114) positioned at the two ends of the same longitudinal beam I (1111), the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder (116) is hinged between the 2 lugs I (1114) fixed in the middle part of the cross beam I (1112), the chassis (11) is arranged on the ground through the outer side surfaces of the 2 caterpillar tracks (115), The U-shaped openings of the 2 longitudinal beams I (1111) face downwards; the machine frame (12) comprises a longitudinal beam II (120), a transverse beam II (121), a transverse beam III (122), a transverse beam IV (123), an upright post I (124), an upright post II (125), a U-shaped lug I (126), a supporting plate (127) and a transverse beam V (128), the middle parts of 2 longitudinal beams II (120) are fixedly connected through the transverse beam II (121) and the transverse beam III (122), 2 longitudinal beams II (120) are parallel and are positioned in the same plane with the transverse beam II (121), the transverse beam II (121) and the transverse beam III (122) are both vertical to the longitudinal beam II (120), the side surface of the transverse beam III (122) close to the longitudinal beam II (120) is attached to the side surface of the longitudinal beam II (120) close to the transverse beam III (122), one end, far away from the transverse beam II (121), of the longitudinal beam II (120) is fixedly connected through the transverse beam IV (123), the length of the transverse beam IV (123) is larger than the distance between the outer side surfaces of 2 longitudinal beams II (120), one end of 2 upright posts I (124) is fixed in the middle part of the transverse beam II (121), the 2 upright posts I (124) are perpendicular to the plane of the cross beam II (121) and the 2 longitudinal beams II (120) and are symmetrically arranged relative to the cross section passing through the center of the length direction of the cross beam II (121), the 2 upright posts I (124) are positioned on one side of the unfixed cross beam III (122) of the longitudinal beams II (120), one ends of the 2 upright posts II (125) are fixed in the middle of the cross beam III (122) and extend out in the same direction as the 2 upright posts I (124), the end parts of the 2 upright posts II (125) far away from the cross beam III (122) and the end parts of the 2 upright posts I (124) far away from the cross beam II (121) are positioned in the same plane, the 2 upright posts II (125) fixed on the cross beam III (122) are respectively positioned in the same plane as the upright posts I (124) fixed on the cross beam II (121), the 2U-shaped lugs I (126) are respectively fixed on the outer side faces of the 2 longitudinal beams II (120), and the U-shaped openings of the U-shaped lugs I (126) face the extending out direction of the upright posts I (124), round holes are arranged on the U-shaped side plate of each U-shaped lug I (126), all round hole axes on the U-shaped side plate of the U-shaped lug I (126) on the same side of the longitudinal beam II (120) are coaxial, and the round hole axes are parallel to the longitudinal beam II (120), 1 support plate (127) is respectively fixed in the middle of each 2 longitudinal beams II (120) towards the direction opposite to the extending direction of the upright post I (124), the support plate (127) is positioned between the cross beam II (121) and the cross beam III (122) in the length direction of the longitudinal beam II (120) and is close to the cross beam III (122), 1 cross beam V (128) is fixed between the 2 support plates (127) and is close to the longitudinal beam II (120), the plane of the cross beam V (128) far away from the longitudinal beam II (120) is coincident with the plane of the cross beam III (122) far away from the longitudinal beam II (120), the rack (12) is installed in the middle of the 2 cross beam I (1112) of the driving frame (111) of the chassis (11) through the 2 upright posts I (124) and 2 upright posts II (125), the 2 upright posts I (124) are positioned on one side of the driving motor (112) close to the chassis (11), and the cross section passing through the length direction center of the cross beam II (121) is superposed with the cross section passing through the length direction center of the cross beam I (1112) of the chassis (11); the power system (13) comprises an internal combustion engine (131), a connecting pipe (132), a hydraulic pump (133), a coupler (134) and an oil tank (135), wherein the internal combustion engine (131) is installed on 2 support legs (1115) of a driving frame (111) of the chassis (11), the connecting pipe (132) is installed on one side, close to a driving motor (112) of the chassis (11), of the internal combustion engine (131), the end part, far away from the internal combustion engine (131), of the connecting pipe (132) is provided with the hydraulic pump (133), an output shaft of the internal combustion engine (131) is connected with an input shaft of the hydraulic pump (133) through the coupler (134), and the oil tank (135) is installed on a cross beam III (122) and a cross beam V (128) of which two ends are fixed on 2 support plates (127); the control system (14) comprises a control box body (141), a control box support plate (142), a hydraulic valve block (143) and a control handle (144), one side of the control box body (141) is installed on a longitudinal beam II (120) of the rack (12) through the control box support plate (142), the other side of the control box body is installed on a support plate (127) which is fixed on the same 1 longitudinal beam II (120) of the rack (12), the hydraulic valve block (143) and the control handle (144) are arranged in the control box body (141), and a protective plate (15) is arranged above the rack (12) and the power system (13); the operating seat (16) comprises a seat (161), a seat clamp (162), a cross rod (163), pedal frames (164) and pedals (165), wherein the seat (161) is clamped in the middle of the cross rod (163) through the seat clamp (162), 1 pedal frame (164) is respectively arranged on two sides of the seat (161) of the cross rod (163), the extending direction of the pedal frame (164) is opposite to the extending direction of the seat (161), one end of each cross rod (163) provided with 1 seat (161) and 2 pedal frames (164) is hinged to 2U-shaped lugs I (126) fixed on the outer side of the frame (12) and the same 1 longitudinal beam II (120), the seat (161) faces upwards, one end of each cross rod (163) provided with 1 seat (161) and 2 pedal frames (164) is provided with 1 pedal (165), one end of each cross rod (163) provided with 1 seat (161) and 2 pedal frames (164) is hinged to 2U-shaped lugs I (126) fixed on the outer side of the other 1 longitudinal beam II (120) of the frame (12), The seat (161) faces upwards, and the other 1 pedal (165) is arranged at the end part of the 4 pedal frames (164) far away from the cross rod (163); the sorting device (2) comprises a sorting frame (21) and a sorting sieve (22), wherein the sorting frame (21) comprises a support (211), a driving device (212), a shield (213), a carrier roller I (214), a carrier roller II (215) and a vibrating wheel (216), the support (211) comprises a separating vertical plate (2111) and a pull rod (2112), the edges of the J-shaped separating vertical plate (2111) are bent to form right angles towards the same direction, 2 separating vertical plates (2111) are connected together through 2 pull rods (2112) and the bending direction is outward, the plate surfaces of the 2 separating vertical plates (2111) are parallel to each other, the J-shaped straight line segments and the J-shaped tail ends are aligned, the driving device (212) comprises a mounting plate (2121), a motor (2122), a driving sprocket (2123), a plum blossom wheel (2124), a driving shaft (2125), a driven sprocket (2126) and a chain (2127), one side edge of the 1 mounting plate (2121) is fixed on the J-shaped straight segment of the J-shaped vertical plate (2111), And towards one side edge of the tail end of the J shape, 1 piece of motor (2122) is installed on one side plate surface of the installation plate (2121), the motor (2122) is positioned between 2 pieces of separating vertical plates (2111), the extending end of the shaft of the motor (2122) passing through the installation plate (2121) is provided with a driving chain wheel (2123), the quincuncial wheel (2124) is composed of a plurality of pieces of transverse shifting teeth and a hub, the two ends of the driving shaft (2125) of which are respectively provided with 1 piece of quincuncial wheel (2124) respectively pass through the end part of the quincuncial wheel (2124) and are supported on the end part of the tail end of the J shape of the separating vertical plate (2111) far away from the J shape, the extending end of one end of the installation plate (2121) passing through the separating vertical plate (2111) is provided with a driven chain wheel (2126), the driven chain wheel (2126) and the driving chain wheel (2123) installed on the shaft of the motor (2122) are positioned in the same plane, and a chain (2127) is hung on the driving chain wheel (2123) and the driven chain wheel (2126), a shield (213) is arranged at the position, close to the chain (2127), of the outer side of a separation vertical plate (2111) positioned at one side of the chain (2127), 1 carrier roller I (214) is respectively arranged at the position, close to the tail end of the J shape, of the inner side plate surface of the J-shaped straight line section of 2 separation vertical plates (2111), a plurality of carrier rollers II (215) are respectively arranged on the inner side plate surface of the 2 separation vertical plates (2111), 1 vibrating wheel (216) in a 6-edge shape is respectively arranged on the inner side plate surface of the tail end of the J shape of the 2 separation vertical plates (2111), an assembled sorting frame (21) is arranged on 2 longitudinal beams II (120) and 2 supporting plates (127) of a rack (12) of a traveling system (1) through bending of the edge of the separation vertical plate (2111) of a bracket (211), the tail end of the J shape of the separation vertical plate (2111) faces the advancing direction of the potato harvester, and the hook direction of the J-shaped tail end of the separation vertical plate (2111) is downward; the sorting screen (22) comprises sorting rods (221), annular belts (222) and blocking rods (223), one end of each sorting rod (221) in a straight rod shape is bent, the sorting rods are bent into straight rods (2211) again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, the bent straight rods (2211) are parallel to the rod body part of the sorting rod (221), the other end of each sorting rod (221) is bent, the sorting rods are bent into straight rods (2211) again in the direction opposite to the first bending direction, the bent straight rods (2211) are coaxial with the straight rods (2211) bent at the other end of each sorting rod (221), a plurality of groups of sorting rods (221) are uniformly fixed on the outer sides of 2 annular belts (222) in an annular shape through the straight rods (2211) at two ends, the rod body part of each sorting rod (221) faces the inner side of the annular belts (222), the center distance of 2 sorting rods (221) closest to the adjacent sorting rods (221) in each group is equal to the center distance of the sorting rods (221) The distance is 2 times, two ends of the stop rods (223) with the same number as the groups of the sorting rods (221) are respectively fixed on the outer sides of the 2 annular belts (222), and each stop rod (223) is respectively positioned between every two adjacent 2 groups of sorting rods (221); the opposite-row excavating and pre-sorting device (3) comprises a pre-sorting frame (31), a sorting screen (22), an excavating device (32) and an opposite-row device (33), wherein the pre-sorting frame (31) comprises a pre-sorting vertical plate (311), a cross beam VI (312), a connecting rod (313), a U-shaped rod (314), a lug II (315), a lug III (316), a lug IV (317), a mud scraping plate (318), a carrier roller I (214), a carrier roller II (215) and a vibrating wheel (216), one end of the pre-sorting vertical plate (311) is in a sharp-angle shape, a pin shaft (319) is arranged in the middle of the other end far away from the sharp-angle shape, 2 pre-sorting vertical plates (311) are close to the pin shaft (319), one sides of the pin shaft (319) close to the sharp-angle shape are fixedly connected through the cross beam VI (312), the plate surfaces of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates (311) are parallel to each other and aligned, one end of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates (311) in the sharp-angle shape is fixedly connected through the connecting rod (313), 2U-shaped side rods of 2 sections of the U-shaped rod (314) are respectively fixed at one side edge of the pre-sorting vertical plate (311) close to the connecting rod (313), 2 lugs II (315) are fixed at the U-shaped bottom of the U-shaped rod (314), the lugs II (315) face the direction far away from the pre-sorting vertical plate (311), the plate surface of the lugs II (315) is parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate (311), 1 lug III (316) is respectively fixed at one side edge of the U-shaped rod (314) fixed at the middle part of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plate (311), the plate surface of the lug III (316) is parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate (311), 2 lugs IV (317) are fixed at the middle part of the cross beam VI (312) towards the direction far away from the U-shaped rod (314), the plate surface of the lug IV (317) is parallel to the plate surface of the pre-sorting vertical plate (311), and 1 carrier roller I (214) is respectively installed at the end part of the pre-sorting vertical plate (311) close to the sharp-pointed shape, two ends of the connecting rod (313) close to the pre-sorting vertical plate (311) are respectively provided with 1 mud scraping plate (318), the mud scraping plates (318) face the direction of the carrier roller I (214), the inner side plate surfaces of the 2 separating vertical plates (2111) are respectively provided with a plurality of carrier rollers II (215), and the inner side plate surfaces in the middle of the 2 pre-sorting vertical plates (311) are respectively provided with 1 vibration wheel (216); one end of the assembled sorting sieve (22) is hung on 2 plum blossom wheels (2124) of a driving device (212) arranged on the sorting frame (21), the other end of the assembled sorting sieve is hung on 2 carrier rollers I (214) arranged on a pre-sorting vertical plate (311) of the pre-sorting frame (31), the inner annular surface of an annular belt (222) at the upper section of the sorting sieve (22) is supported on the 2 carrier rollers I (214) and 2 vibrating wheels (216) arranged on a separating vertical plate (2111) of the sorting frame (21) and the 2 vibrating wheels (216) arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate (311) of the pre-sorting frame (31), the separating vertical plate (2111) arranged on the sorting frame (21) and a part of the carrier rollers II (215) arranged on the pre-sorting vertical plate (311) of the pre-sorting frame (31), and the surface of the lower section (222) of the annular belt (22) is supported on other outer annular carrier rollers (215); the digging device (32) comprises a digging shovel (321), a triangular plate (322) and guide rods (323), wherein 1 triangular plate (322) is respectively arranged at two ends of the digging shovel (321), the other side edge, far away from the cutting edge, of the digging shovel (321) is uniformly provided with a plurality of guide rods (323) along the length direction of the digging shovel (321), the length direction of each guide rod (323) is vertical to the length direction of the digging shovel (321), the plane where each guide rod (323) is located is overlapped with the plate surface of the digging shovel (321), the digging device (32) is arranged between the sharp-angle-shaped end parts of 2 pre-sorting vertical plates (311) of the pre-sorting frame (31) through the triangular plates (322) at two ends, and the cutting edge of the digging shovel (321) faces the direction far away from the cross beam VI (312); the line aligning device (33) comprises a cutting component (331), a line aligning component (332) and an adjusting component (333), wherein the cutting component (331) comprises a U-shaped frame (3311), a lug V (3312), a U-shaped lug II (3313), a support rod (3314) and a cutting disc (3315), 2 pieces of lugs V (3312) are fixed on one side surface of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame (3311), the plate surface of the lug V (3312) is parallel to the U-shaped side arm of the U-shaped frame (3311), the 2 pieces of U-shaped lugs II (3313) are respectively fixed on the end parts of the 2U-shaped side arms of the U-shaped frame (3311) through the outer surface of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame (3313), the plate surface of the U-shaped lug II (3313) is parallel to the plate surface of the lug V (2), one end of the 2 pieces of the support rod (3314) is respectively fixed on the inner side of the connection part of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame (3311) and the U-shaped side arm, and the 2 pieces of the support rod (3314) are perpendicular to the U-shaped frame (3311), and the U-shaped support rod (3314) are respectively, And the plane of the 2 pieces of support rods (3314) is parallel to the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame (3311), the 2 pieces of support rods (3314) are symmetrically arranged relative to the symmetrical plane of the U-shaped frame (3311) passing through the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame (3311) and being perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame (3311), the inner sides of the other ends of the 2 pieces of support rods (3314) are all provided with a cutting disc (5) in the shape of a 'shallow disc', the disc openings of the 2 pieces of cutting discs (3315) are all arranged outwards, the 2 pieces of cutting discs (3315) are symmetrically arranged relative to the U-shaped frame (3311) passing through the symmetrical plane of the center of the U-shaped groove bottom of the U-shaped frame (3311) and being perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped frame (3311), and the distance between the disc openings of the 2 pieces of cutting discs (3315) is in a state of being inclined to one side of the fixing end of the support rod (3314) close to one side of the support rod (3314) and one side of the support rod (3311) far from the U-shaped frame (3311), the paratactic component (332) comprises an L-shaped rod (3321), a hexagonal tube (3322), a lock pin (3323) and a paratactic wheel (3324), wherein a plurality of transverse holes are formed on the rod with shorter length of the L-shaped rod (3321), 2 pieces of L-shaped rods (3321) are respectively inserted into two ends of the hexagonal tube (3322) through the rod with shorter length and are locked through the 2 pieces of lock pin (3323), 2 pieces of L-shaped rods (3321) with longer length are positioned in the same plane, namely, a combination body formed by 1 piece of the hexagonal tube (3322) and 2 pieces of L-shaped rods (3321) is in U-shape and is fixed on the outer side surface of the bottom of the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped frame (3311) of the cutting component (331) through the outer side surface of the hexagonal tube (3322), a U-shaped combination body formed by 1 piece of the hexagonal tube (3322) and 2 pieces of L-shaped rods (3321) passes through the center of the U-shaped tube (3322) of the U-shaped combination body in the center of the U-shaped frame (3311) and passes through the center of the U-shaped frame (3311), And a symmetrical plane' which is perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped holder 3311 is overlapped, an obtuse angle formed by the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped holder 3311 is 120 DEG + -10 DEG, and 2L-shaped rods 3321 are located on the side where the cutting disc 3315 is located with respect to the U-shaped holder 3311, 1 pair of pulleys 3324 are respectively installed at the ends of the 2L-shaped rods 3321, which are long in length, away from the hexagonal tube 3322, the 2 pair of pulleys 3324 are symmetrically arranged with respect to a symmetrical plane which is perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and which is formed by the 1 hexagonal tube 3322 and the 2L-shaped rods 3321, through a symmetrical plane which is perpendicular to the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and which is formed by the 2 pair of pulleys 3324, and the distance between the edges of the pair of pulleys 3324 is large in the U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and is close to the hexagonal tube 3322 in the side of the hexagonal tube 3322 in the direction perpendicular to the hexagonal tube 3322, An inclined state of a small side far away from the hexagonal tube (3322) and an inclined state of a large side near to the cutting disc (3315) and a large side far away from the cutting disc (3315) in a direction perpendicular to a U-shaped plane of the U-shaped assembly and along a length direction perpendicular to the hexagonal tube (3322), the adjusting member (333) includes an adjusting rod (3331), an adjusting pin (3332), a lock nut (3333), an adjusting hand wheel (3334) and a support tube (3335), a shoulder is provided in the middle of the adjusting rod (3331), an external thread is provided at one end, one end of the adjusting rod (3331) provided with the external thread is screwed into a transverse screw hole in the middle of the adjusting pin (3332), both ends of the adjusting pin (3332) are supported on the 2-piece lug V (3312) of the cutting member (331), and one end of the adjusting rod (3331) provided with the external thread faces to a U-shaped lug II (3313) far away from the cutting member (331), and the adjusting end of the adjusting rod (3331) passes through the extended end of the adjusting pin (3332) and passes through the lock nut (3333), an adjusting hand wheel (3334) is further fixed, the other end of the adjusting rod (3331) far away from the external thread is inserted into a hole of the supporting tube (3335), the combined body of the cutting component (331) and the line aligning component (332) of the line aligning device (33) is hinged on the 2 lugs (316) of the pre-sorting frame (31) through the 2U-shaped lugs (3313) of the cutting component (331), the tail end of the supporting tube (3333) of the adjusting component (333) of the line aligning device (33) far away from the adjusting pin (3332) is hinged between the 2 lugs (315) of the pre-sorting frame (31), and the cutting disc (3315) and the line aligning wheel (3324) of the line aligning device (33) are positioned on one side close to the digging device (32); the assembled opposite-row digging and pre-sorting device (3) is hinged to the J-shaped tail end of 2 separating vertical plates (2111) of a bracket (211) of a sorting frame (21) through a pin shaft (319) at the middle part of one end, far away from the sharp-angled shape, of 2 pre-sorting vertical plates (311) of the pre-sorting frame (31), a lug IV (317) fixed to the middle part of a cross beam VI (312) of the pre-sorting frame (31) and a motor (2122) installed on a J-shaped straight line section of the separating vertical plate (2111) of the bracket (211) of the sorting frame (21) are located on the same side, and a cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder (116) installed on a chassis (11) of a traveling system (1) is hinged between the 2 lug IV (317) fixed to the middle part of the cross beam VI (312) of the pre-sorting frame (31).